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Nigussie EW, Abera EG, Woldemariam MB. Burden and determinants of renal dysfunction and in-hospital mortality among acute stroke patients in Ethiopia: A hospital-based observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39140. [PMID: 39058854 PMCID: PMC11272293 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke, a leading global cause of mortality and neurological impairment, is often complicated by renal failure, exacerbating in-hospital risks and mortality. Limited understanding exists regarding renal failure prevalence in Ethiopian acute stroke patients. This study examines renal function abnormalities in acute stroke patients at Jimma Medical Center (JMC). A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at JMC from December 5, 2023, to March 15, 2024. A structured data collection tool was developed after comprehensive review of pertinent literature, encompassing variables pertinent to the study objectives. Following data quality assurance, information was coded and inputted into EpiData version 3.1, subsequently analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for confounding variables, with statistical significance set at P < .05. The mean age of participants was 60.5 ± 15.5 years, with 129 (64.5%) being male. Forty-five participants (22.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 16.9, 28.9) exhibited renal dysfunction. Advanced age (≥70 years), hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiac disease, history of transient ischemic attack (TIA)/stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke type were identified as significant predictors of renal dysfunction among hospitalized stroke patients. The mortality rate was 3.7 times higher in stroke patients with renal dysfunction compared to those with normal renal function (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.41, 6.22). Renal function abnormalities were prevalent among hospitalized acute stroke patients, emphasizing the significance of renal dysfunction as a frequent comorbidity. Older age, hypertension, DM, cardiac disease, history of TIA/stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke type emerged as statistically significant predictors of renal dysfunction. Furthermore, renal dysfunction was identified as a significant predictor of in-hospital mortality following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eyob Girma Abera
- Department of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
- Jimma University Clinical Trial Unit, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Wang J, Wang R, Qin H, Zuo L. Impaired Kidney Function Portended a Bleak Prognosis for Surgically Treated Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2023; 26:520-529. [PMID: 37970258 PMCID: PMC10645252 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_195_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) cases caused by hypertension often have poor prognoses. The use of dehydrant agents, such as mannitol, is common to reduce intracranial pressure and alleviate cerebral edema, but they may also pose a risk of worsening kidney function. This study aimed to investigate the impact of impaired kidney function on the outcomes of surgically treated hypertensive ICH patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of a consecutive cohort of patients who underwent surgical intervention due to hypertension-related ICH at our institute between December 1, 2017, and January 31, 2022. Demographic, clinical, radiological, and prognostic data were collected. Patients were categorized into two groups based on 90-day mortality: group A [overall survival (OS) ≤3 months] and group B (OS >3 months). Survival analysis was performed to identify factors associated with poor outcomes. Results Among the 232 eligible patients, group A exhibited significantly impaired kidney function, as indicated by mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at admission, postoperative, 3-day postoperative, and 7-day postoperative time points (91.9, 82.5, 73.5, 75.2 ml/min/1.73 m²). In contrast, group B did not show significant changes in kidney function (mean eGFR for the corresponding time points: 108.1, 106.5, 111.5, 109.6 ml/min/1.73 m²). The 3-day postoperative eGFR showed the strongest predictive ability for assessing prognosis [areas under the curve (AUC): 0.617, 0.675, 0.737, 0.730]. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (3-8), ventricle intrusion of hematomas, cardiac failure, larger hematoma volume, infection, and lower 3-day postoperative eGFR as adverse factors for survival. Conclusions Preserving kidney function is crucial for achieving favorable outcomes in hypertensive ICH cases. Impaired 3-day postoperative eGFR emerged as an independent risk factor for overall survival. Patients with cardiac failure, infection, and larger hematoma volume should receive careful management to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Trauma Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Trauma Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Hu Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Lei Zuo
- Department of Trauma Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
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Wei Y, Zhang H, Fu M, Ma R, Li R, Kong L. Plasma and Intrapulmonary Pharmacokinetics, and Dosage Regimen Optimization of Linezolid for Treatment of Gram-Positive Cocci Infections in Patients with Pulmonary Infection After Cerebral Hemorrhage. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:1733-1742. [PMID: 35422643 PMCID: PMC9004730 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s357300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Wei
- Grade Three Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Zhang
- Grade Three Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maowu Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Ma
- Grade Three Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ronghui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ronghui Li, Neurosurgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Lingti Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, People’s Republic of China
- Lingti Kong, Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Singh NP, Panwar V, Aggarwal NP, Chhabra SK, Gupta AK, Ganguli A. Regulation of Calcium Homeostasis in Acute Kidney Injury: A Prospective Observational Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022; 26:302-306. [PMID: 35519919 PMCID: PMC9015928 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maintaining homeostasis is an integral part of all physiological processes both in health and disease including critically ill patients and may impact clinical outcomes. The present study was designed to assess prevalence of serum calcium, phosphate, vitamin-D3, FGF-23, and PTH levels abnormalities in AKI. Patients and methods Single-center, prospective, observational study in a tertiary care hospital. Patients meeting KDIGO criteria for AKI were included. Paired blood samples were drawn from eligible patients—first sample within 24 hours of AKI diagnosis and second after 5 days or at time of hospital discharge, whichever was earlier for measuring serum calcium (albumin corrected), phosphate, PTH, 25(OH)Vit-D, and FGF-23 levels. Clinical outcomes analyzed included survival status, utilization of RRT, and hospital stay. Results Of the 50 patients with AKI, about three-fourths were males. Mean age of the participants was 57.32 ± 11.47 years. Around half of patients had hypocalcemia and four-fifths had low serum phosphate. Nearly 82% had low 25(OH)Vit-D and 52% cases had high PTH level. Patients who underwent RRT had numerically higher but not significant serum calcium and PTH levels. FGF-23 levels (pg/mL) were significantly higher in patients on RRT (81.70 ± 17.30 vs non-RRT, 72.43 ± 20.27, p = 0.049), nonsurvivors (87.96 ± 18.82 vs survivors 57.11 ± 15.19, p = 0.045), and those hospitalized for time of stay above median (109.67 ± 26.97 vs below median 70.27 ± 20.43, p = 0.046). Among all the bone and mineral parameters analyzed high FGF23 levels were consistently linked with poor clinical outcomes in AKI. Conclusion The present study found high prevalence of calcium and phosphate disorders in AKI with dysregulated phosphate homeostasis as evidenced from elevated FGF-23 levels linked with morbidity and mortality in AKI. How to cite this article Singh NP, Panwar V, Aggarwal NP, Chhabra SK, Gupta AK, Ganguli A. Regulation of Calcium Homeostasis in Acute Kidney Injury: A Prospective Observational Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(3):302–306.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narinder Pal Singh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Narinder Pal Singh, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India, Phone: +91 9868446621, e-mail:
| | - Vikrant Panwar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Artemis Institute of Health Sciences, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Neeru P Aggarwal
- Department of Nephrology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satish K Chhabra
- Department of Nephrology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Patparganj, New Delhi, India
| | - Anish K Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Anirban Ganguli
- Department of Nephrology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
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Tiffany L, Haase DJ, Boswell K, Dietrich ME, Najafali D, Olexa J, Rea J, Sapru M, Scalea T, Tran QK. Care intensity of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage: Effectiveness of the critical care resuscitation unit. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 46:437-444. [PMID: 33172747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tiffany
- Research Associate Program in Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Daniel J Haase
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Program in Trauma, The R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Critical Care Resuscitation Unit, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Kimberly Boswell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Program in Trauma, The R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Critical Care Resuscitation Unit, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Mary Ellen Dietrich
- The Critical Care Resuscitation Unit, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Daniel Najafali
- Research Associate Program in Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Joshua Olexa
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Rea
- Program in Trauma, The R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Critical Care Resuscitation Unit, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Mayga Sapru
- Research Associate Program in Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Thomas Scalea
- Program in Trauma, The R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Quincy K Tran
- Research Associate Program in Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Program in Trauma, The R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Critical Care Resuscitation Unit, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Huang Y, Wan C, Wu G. Acute kidney injury after a stroke: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01722. [PMID: 32757350 PMCID: PMC7507391 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between acute kidney injury (AKI) and stroke needs quantitative summary. Therefore, we analyzed the associations between AKI and stroke including the incidence, risk factors of AKI after stroke, and the influence of AKI after a stroke on prognosis of stroke. METHODS Articles published until November 2019 were searched based on the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, and Google Scholar. We computed the following results [rates of AKI incidence after a stroke, odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) estimates and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between risk factors and AKI, ORs or RRs and the CIs for the association between AKI and outcomes after a stroke] by using STATA 13.0 software. RESULTS The study reported an overall incidence of AKI of 12% with a random-effects model. Additionally, the present study showed that higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission and history of hypertension were associated with higher risk of AKI after stroke. Moreover, the study showed that AKI after stroke was associated with higher in-hospital mortality, higher 1-month mortality, higher long-term mortality, and poorer functional outcome. CONCLUSIONS Acute kidney injury appears to be a common complication after stroke and is related to increased mortality and disability in stroke. Additionally, high NIHSS score on admission and history of hypertension were the critical risk factors for the AKI after stroke. More large-scale studies should be made to explore AKI after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Chanjun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Guoqing Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Zou Z, Chen S, Li Y, Cai J, Fang Y, Xie J, Fang W, Kang D, Xu Y. Risk factors for renal failure and short-term prognosis in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage complicated by acute kidney injury. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:311. [PMID: 32727417 PMCID: PMC7391601 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although acute kidney injury (AKI) is a known risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (SICH), little is known about the predisposing factors that contribute to renal failure and short-term prognosis in the setting of SICH already complicated by AKI. In this study, we aimed to identify the renal failure factors in SICH patents with AKI. Methods Five hundred forty-three patients with SICH complicated by differential severities of AKI who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 2016 to December 2018 were retrospectively studied. Logistic regression and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to determine the best predictive and discriminative variables. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors for renal recovery. Results In the multivariable adjusted model, we found that hypernatremia, metabolic acidosis, elevated serum creatine kinase, hyperuricaemia, proteinuria, and the use of colloids and diuretics were all independent risk factors for the occurrence of stage 3 AKI in SICH patients. The area under the curve analysis indicated that hypernatremia and hyperuricaemia were predictive factors for stage 3 AKI, and the combination of these two parameters increased their predictability for stage 3 AKI. Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that the renal recovery rate in SICH patients with stages 1 and 2 AKI was significantly higher than that in SICH patients with stage 3 AKI. Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that hypernatremia and the occurrence of stage 3 AKI are predictors for poor short-term renal recovery. Conclusions These findings illustrate that hypernatremia and hyperuricaemia represent potential risk factors for the occurrence of stage 3 AKI in SICH patients. Those patients with hypernatremia and stage 3 AKI were associated with a poor short-term prognosis in renal recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhuan Zou
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Siying Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Yinshuang Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Jiawei Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Yulu Fang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Jingzhi Xie
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Wenhua Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Dezhi Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Yanfang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
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Wang R, Hu H, Hu S, He H, Shui H. β2-microglobulin is an independent indicator of acute kidney injury and outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19212. [PMID: 32080111 PMCID: PMC7034650 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), a serious complication in critically ill patients, is associated with poor clinical outcomes. We explored the hypothesis that β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) is an independent indicator of AKI development and outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the neurosurgical intensive care unit (NICU).Patients with ICH (n = 403) admitted to the NICU of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2016 were prospectively enrolled in this single-center, observational study. The primary outcome was the incidence of AKI, secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and 1-year mortality (from time of admission).The overall AKI incidence, in hospital, was 35.2%; patients were diagnosed with stage 1 (22.1%), 2 (5.7%), and 3 (7.4%) AKI. β2-MG levels predicted AKI with an area under the curve of 0.712 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.652-0.772) and a cut-off of 2026.85 μg/L (sensitivity, 57.5%; specificity, 79.4%). Compared with the group having lower β2-MG values, the group with higher values (β2-MG >2123.50 μg/L) had significantly higher risks of AKI (odds ratio, 2.606; 95% CI, 1.315-5.166), in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.548; 95% CI, 1.318-4.924), and 1-year mortality (HR, 3.161; 95% CI, 1.781-5.611) in adjusted analyses.β2-MG levels predict AKI development and outcomes in patients with ICH in the NICU.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongtao Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Poblete RA, Zheng L, Arenas M, Vazquez A, Yu D, Emanuel BA, Kim-Tenser MA, Sanossian N, Mack W. Older Age Is Not Associated with Worse Outcomes Following Decompressive Hemicraniectomy for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:104320. [PMID: 31395424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) is commonly offered after large spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) as a life-saving measure. Based on limited available evidence, surgery is sometimes avoided in the elderly. The association between age and outcomes following DHC in spontaneous ICH remains largely understudied. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to investigate the influence of older age on outcomes of patients who undergo DHC for spontaneous ICH. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, inpatient data were obtained from the United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2000 to 2011. Using International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision designations, patients with a primary diagnosis of nontraumatic ICH who underwent DHC were identified. The primary outcome of interest was the association of age to inpatient mortality and poor outcome. Subjects were grouped by age: 18-50, 51-60, 61-70, and more than 70 years. Sample characteristics were compared across age groups using χ2 testing, and univariate and multivariate Poisson Regression was performed using a generalized equation to estimate rate ratios for primary and secondary outcomes. RESULTS One thousand one hundred and forty four patient cases were isolated. Death occurred in an estimated 28.9% and poor outcome in 86.4%. In multivariate Poisson regression models, there was no difference in hospital mortality or poor outcome by age group. Although younger patients were more likely to be diagnosed with herniation, total complication rate was similar between age groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study results do not provide evidence that age independently predicts in-hospital mortality or poor outcomes. The true influence of age on outcomes is unclear, and further study is needed to determine which factors may be best in selecting candidates for DHC following spontaneous ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A Poblete
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Ling Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marcela Arenas
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alejandro Vazquez
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Derek Yu
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Benjamin A Emanuel
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - May A Kim-Tenser
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nerses Sanossian
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - William Mack
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Khatri R, Afzal MR, Qureshi MA, Maud A, Huanyu D, Rodriguez GJ. Response to “Letter to the Editor” by Bhattacharyya et al. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:2361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Ansaritoroghi M, Nagaraju SP, Nair RP, Kumar V, Kongwad LI, Attur RP, Ramachandran GM, Hegde A. Study on Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: an Overview from a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India. World Neurosurg 2018; 123:e740-e746. [PMID: 30579025 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an independent risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes in patients with hemorrhagic stroke. There is limited data regarding the occurrence and impact of AKI in the setting of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH). Considering this, we sought to determine the incidence and risk factors for AKI in patients with SICH and to determine the role of AKI on SICH mortality in our population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of the data recorded in the stroke registry maintained by the Department of Neurosurgery, Kasturba Hospital, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education after ethical committee clearance. Information regarding clinical features, demographics, laboratory data, prescribing patterns, and the use of contrast-mediated imaging were collected. AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Logistic multivariate regression was used to determine predictors of AKI. Analysis of variance was used to measure the effect of AKI on SICH outcome. RESULTS Of 316 patients with SICH admitted to the hospital, 20% of patients developed AKI. It was found that risk factors for AKI were lower baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (odds ratio, 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.21 SICH 2.2; P < 0.001) and infectious complications (odds ratio, 3.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-5.7; P < 0.001). The incidence of 30 days' mortality was higher in the group with AKI (14% vs. 5.5%). There was a significant association between AKI severity and short-term mortality (P < 0.001). Patients with AKI had a lower Glasgow Coma Scale on admission (11.81 ± 3.17 vs. 10.83 ± 3.2) and discharge (12.44 ± 3.44 vs. 10.38 ± 3.2) compared to patients without AKI (P < 0.001). Greater severity of AKI was associated with worse neurologic outcome (P < 0.001). DISCUSSION Various studies in literature have evaluated the incidence of AKI after a stroke episode. The incidence of AKI was ranging from 8%-21% in those studies. In our study, we found that 20% of SICH patients developed AKI. The incidence of AKI in our study falls along the spectrum described in these previous studies. CONCLUSIONS AKI is a common complication of SICH. Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate at admission and infections were the significant risk factors. Patients with AKI had poor neurologic outcome and higher mortality and it increased with the severity of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ansaritoroghi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Shankar Prasad Nagaraju
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajesh Parameshwaran Nair
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India.
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Lakshman I Kongwad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravindra Prabhu Attur
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Girish Menon Ramachandran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Ajay Hegde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
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Arnold J, Ng KP, Sims D, Gill P, Cockwell P, Ferro C. Incidence and impact on outcomes of acute kidney injury after a stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:283. [PMID: 30348107 PMCID: PMC6196566 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-1085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with chronic kidney disease have worse outcomes after stroke. However, the burden of acute kidney injury after stroke has not been extensively investigated. Methods We used MEDLINE and Embase to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies that provided data on the risk of AKI and outcomes in adults after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Pooled incidence was examined using the Stuart-Ord method in a DerSimonian-Laird model. Pooled Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for outcomes using a random effects model. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42017064588). Results Eight studies were included, five from the United States, representing 99.9% of included patients. Three studies used established acute kidney injury criteria based on creatinine values to define acute kidney injury and five used International Classification of Diseases coding definitions. Overall pooled incidence was 9.61% (95% confidence interval 8.33–10.98). Incidence for studies using creatinine definitions was 19.51% (95% confidence interval 12.75–27.32%) and for studies using coding definitions 4.63% (95% confidence interval 3.65–5.72%). Heterogeneity was high throughout. Mortality in stroke patients who sustained acute kidney injury was increased (Odds Ratio 2.45; 95% confidence interval 1.47–4.10). Three studies reported risk factors for acute kidney injury. There was sparse information on other outcomes. Conclusions Mortality in stroke patients who develop acute kidney injury is significantly increased. However the reported incidence of AKI after stroke varies widely and is underestimated using coding definitions. Larger international studies are required to identify potentially preventable factors to reduce acute kidney injury after stroke and improve outcomes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12882-018-1085-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Arnold
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Khai Ping Ng
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Don Sims
- Department of Stroke, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paramjit Gill
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Paul Cockwell
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Charles Ferro
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK.
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Xu XH, Ye XH, Cai JS, Gao T, Zhao GH, Zhang WJ, Tong LS, Gao F. Association of Renal Dysfunction With Remote Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Lesions and Total Burden of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Patients With Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:171. [PMID: 29930507 PMCID: PMC6001158 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Remote diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesions (R-DWIL) found in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients are considered as an additional marker of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). This study aimed to investigate the association of renal dysfunction and R-DWIL, as well as the total burden of cSVD on magnetic resonance imaging among patients with primary ICH. Methods: One hundred and twenty-six consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled. R-DWIL on DWI, as well as other imaging markers of cSVD, including lacunes, white matter lesions, cerebral microbleeds, and enlarged perivascular spaces were rated using validated scales. Renal dysfunction was evaluated either by reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or the presence of proteinuria or increased cystatin C. Results: After adjustments for potential confounders by logistic regression, impaired eGFR [odds ratio (OR) 6.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.73-20.78], proteinuria (OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.25-7.54) and increased cystatin C (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.11-6.72) were correlated with presence of R-DWIL. A similar association was also found between cystatin C levels (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.39-7.19), proteinuria (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.34-5.83) and the comprehensive cSVD burden. Conclusions: Renal dysfunction are associated with the presence of R-DWIL, and total burden of cSVD in patients with primary ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Hua Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Ye
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Song Cai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Hua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Ji Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Lu-Sha Tong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Thrombelastography Suggests Hypercoagulability in Patients with Renal Dysfunction and Intracerebral Hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:1350-1356. [PMID: 29449126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to quantify coagulopathy using thrombelastography (TEG) in patients with renal dysfunction and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS We reviewed patients admitted with spontaneous ICH between November 2009 and May 2015. TEG was performed at the time of admission. Creatinine clearance (CCr) was calculated using the Cockroft-Gault equation. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on normal (CCr ≥ 90) or reduced renal function (CCr < 90). Multivariable regression models were conducted to compare the differences of TEG components. RESULTS A total of 120 patients were included in the analysis. The normal CCr group was younger (56.1 versus 62.3 years, P < .01), was more often male (73.6% versus 53.7%, P = .03), and had higher mean admission hemoglobin (14.2 versus 13.2 mEq/L, P < .01) than the reduced renal function group. The 2 groups were similar with respect to antiplatelet or anticoagulant use, coagulation studies, and baseline ICH volume. Following multivariate analysis, the reduced renal function group was found to have shorter K (1.5 versus 2.2 min, P = 004), increased angle (66 versus 62.2 degrees, P = .04), increased MA (67.3 versus 62.3, P = .02), and increased G (11.3 versus 9.9 dynes/cm2, P = .04) compared with the normal group. Mortality, poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 4-6), hematoma enlargement, hospital length of stay, and surgical interventions were not different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ICH and reduced CCr display faster clotting rate and increased clot strength, suggesting that patients with renal dysfunction present with a relatively hypercoagulable state based on TEG parameters thought to reflect platelet activity.
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15
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Zorrilla-Vaca A, Ziai W, Connolly ES, Geocadin R, Thompson R, Rivera-Lara L. Acute Kidney Injury Following Acute Ischemic Stroke and Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Meta-Analysis of Prevalence Rate and Mortality Risk. Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 45:1-9. [PMID: 29176313 DOI: 10.1159/000479338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiology of acute renal dysfunction after stroke is routinely overlooked following stroke events. Our aim in this meta-analysis is to report the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) following acute stroke and its impact on mortality. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar for observational studies examining the prevalence and mortality risk of stroke patients with AKI as a complication. The pooled prevalence rates and odds ratios for mortality risk were calculated using subgroup analyses between the stroke subtypes: acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). RESULTS A total of 12 studies (4,532,181 AIS and 615,636 ICH) were included. The pooled prevalence rate of AKI after all stroke types was 11.6% (95% CI 10.6-12.7). Subgroup analyses revealed that the pooled prevalence rate of AKI after AIS was greater but not statistically significantly different than ICH (19.0%; 95% CI 8.2-29.7 vs. 12.9%; 95% CI 10.3-15.5, p = 0.5). AKI was found to be a significant risk factor of mortality in AIS (adjusted OR [aOR] 2.23; 95% CI 1.28-3.89; I2 = 98.8%), whereas this relationship did not reach statistical significance in ICH (aOR 1.20; 95% CI 0.68-2.12; I2 = 74.2%). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis provides evidence that AKI is a common complication following both AIS and ICH and it is associated with increased mortality following AIS but not ICH. This highlights the need for early assessment of renal function in the acute phase of AIS, in particular, and avoidance of factors than may induce AKI in vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Zorrilla-Vaca
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Wendy Ziai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - E Sander Connolly
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Romer Geocadin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Thompson
- Bloomberg Johns Hopkins Public Health School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lucia Rivera-Lara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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16
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Shrestha P, Thapa S, Shrestha S, Lohani S, BK S, MacCormac O, Thapa L, Devkota UP. Renal impairment in stroke patients: A comparison between the haemorrhagic and ischemic variants. F1000Res 2017; 6:1531. [PMID: 29034081 PMCID: PMC5615769 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12117.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal impairment is regularly seen in hospitalized stroke patients, affecting the outcome of patients, as well as causing difficulties in their management. A prospective cohort study was conducted to assess the trend of renal function in hospitalized ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke patients. The incidence of renal impairment in these subgroups, the contributing factors and the need for renal replacement in renal impaired patients was evaluated. Methods: Alternate day renal function testing was performed in hospitalized stroke patients. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) was calculated and the trend of renal function in the two stroke subgroups (haemorrhagic and ischemic) was assessed, with renal impairment defined as e-GFR < 60mL/ minute per 1.73m 2. Results: Among 52 patients, 25 had haemorrhagic stroke (mean age 59.81 ± 14.67) and 27 had ischemic stroke (mean age 56.12 ± 13.08). The mean e-GFR (mL/minute per 1.732m 2) at admission in the haemorrhagic stroke subgroup was 64.79 ± 25.85 compared to 86.04 ± 26.09 in the ischemic stroke subgroup (p=0.005). Sixteen out of 25 (64%) patients in the haemorrhagic stroke subgroup and 9 out of 27 (33.3%) patients in the ischemic subgroup developed renal impairment (p=0.27). The location of the bleed (p=0.8), volume of hematoma (p=0.966) and surgical intervention (p=0.4) did not predispose the patients to renal impairment. One out of 16 patients with haemorrhagic stroke (who eventually died), and 2 out of 9 patients with ischemic stroke required renal replacement. Conclusion: Renal impairment is commonly seen in stroke patients, more so in patients who suffered haemorrhagic strokes. The impairment, however, is transient and rarely requires renal replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyush Shrestha
- National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shalima Thapa
- National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shikher Shrestha
- National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Subash Lohani
- National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Suresh BK
- National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Oscar MacCormac
- Department of Neurosurgery, St Mary’s Hospital, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Lekhjung Thapa
- National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
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17
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Shrestha P, Thapa S, Shrestha S, Lohani S, BK S, MacCormac O, Thapa L, Devkota UP. Renal impairment in stroke patients: A comparison between the haemorrhagic and ischemic variants. F1000Res 2017; 6:1531. [PMID: 29034081 PMCID: PMC5615769 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12117.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal impairment is regularly seen in hospitalized stroke patients, affecting the outcome of patients, as well as causing difficulties in their management. A prospective cohort study was conducted to assess the trend of renal function in hospitalized ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke patients. The incidence of renal impairment in these subgroups, the contributing factors and the need for renal replacement in renal impaired patients was evaluated. Methods: Alternate day renal function testing was performed in hospitalized stroke patients. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) was calculated and the trend of renal function in the two stroke subgroups (haemorrhagic and ischemic) was assessed, with renal impairment defined as e-GFR < 60mL/ minute per 1.73m 2. Results: Among 52 patients, 25 had haemorrhagic stroke (mean age 59.81 ± 14.67) and 27 had ischemic stroke (mean age 56.12 ± 13.08). The mean e-GFR (mL/minute per 1.732m 2) at admission in the haemorrhagic stroke subgroup was 64.79 ± 25.85 compared to 86.04 ± 26.09 in the ischemic stroke subgroup (p=0.005). Sixteen out of 25 (64%) patients in the haemorrhagic stroke subgroup and 9 out of 27 (33.3%) patients in the ischemic subgroup developed renal impairment (p=0.027). The location of the bleed (p=0.8), volume of hematoma (p=0.966) and surgical intervention (p=0.4) did not predispose the patients to renal impairment. One out of 16 patients with haemorrhagic stroke (who eventually died), and 2 out of 9 patients with ischemic stroke required renal replacement. Conclusion: Renal impairment is commonly seen in stroke patients, more so in patients who suffered haemorrhagic strokes. The impairment, however, is transient and rarely requires renal replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyush Shrestha
- National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shalima Thapa
- National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shikher Shrestha
- National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Subash Lohani
- National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Suresh BK
- National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Oscar MacCormac
- Department of Neurosurgery, St Mary’s Hospital, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Lekhjung Thapa
- National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
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18
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Kong L, Tang Y, Zhang X, Lu G, Yu M, Shi Q, Wu X. Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Meropenem for the Treatment of Nosocomial Pneumonia in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients by Monte Carlo Simulation. Ann Pharmacother 2017; 51:970-975. [PMID: 28677407 DOI: 10.1177/1060028017719715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) is a frequent complication among patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, there are currently no pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data to guide meropenem dosing in these patients. OBJECTIVE To investigate the PK/PD properties of meropenem in these patients and whether the usual dosing regimens of meropenem (2-hour infusion, 1 g, every 8 hours) was suitable. METHODS A total of 11 patients with a diagnosis of ICH complicated with NP were selected in the emergency internal medicine and treated with a 1-g/2-hours extended infusion model. The plasma concentrations of meropenem were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. PK parameters were estimated by plasma concentration versus time profile using WinNonlin software. The probability of target attainments (PTAs) of meropenem at different minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) based on percentage time that concentrations were above the minimum inhibitory concentration (%T>MIC) value were performed by Monte Carlo simulation. RESULTS The volume of distribution and total body clearance of meropenem were 55.55 L/kg and 22.89 L/h, respectively. Using 40%T>MIC, PTA was >90% at MICs ≤4 µg/mL. Using 80% or 100%T>MIC, PTA was >90% only at MICs ≤1 µg/mL. CONCLUSIONS The PK/PD profile of dosing regimens tested will assist in selecting the appropriate meropenem regimens for these patients. At a target of 40%T>MIC, the usual dosing regimens can provide good coverage for pathogens with MICs of ≤4 µg/mL. However, when a higher target (80% or 100%) is desired for difficult-to-treat infections, larger doses, prolonged infusions, shorter intervals, and/or combination therapy may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingti Kong
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yan Tang
- 2 Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- 2 Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Guoyu Lu
- 2 Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Meiling Yu
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qingping Shi
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaofei Wu
- 2 Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Kim K, Bang JY, Kim SO, Kim S, Kim JU, Song JG. Association of preoperative hypoalbuminemia with postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery: a retrospective study. J Neurosurg 2017; 128:1115-1122. [PMID: 28474996 DOI: 10.3171/2016.11.jns162237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypoalbuminemia is known to be independently associated with postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). However, little is known about the association between the preoperative serum albumin level and postoperative AKI in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery. The authors investigated the incidence of AKI, impact of preoperative serum albumin level on postoperative AKI, and death in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records and laboratory results of 2363 patients who underwent brain tumor surgery between January 2008 and December 2014. Postoperative AKI was defined according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Definition and Staging (KDIGO). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify demographic, preoperative laboratory, and intraoperative factors associated with AKI development. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the adjusted odds ratio and hazard ratio for the association between preoperative serum albumin level and outcome variables. RESULTS The incidence of AKI was 1.8% (n = 43) using KDIGO criteria. The incidence of AKI was higher in patients with a preoperative serum albumin level < 3.8 g/dl (3.5%) than in those with a preoperative serum albumin level ≥ 3.8 g/dl (1.2%, p < 0.001). The overall mortality was also higher in the former than in the latter group (5.0% vs 1.8%, p < 0.001). After inverse probability of treatment-weighting adjustment, a preoperative serum albumin level < 3.8 g/dl was also found to be associated with postoperative AKI (OR 1.981, 95% CI 1.022-3.841; p = 0.043) and death (HR 2.726, 95% CI 1.522-4.880; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The authors' results demonstrated that a preoperative serum albumin level of < 3.8 g/dl was independently associated with AKI and mortality in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmi Kim
- Departments of1Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Laboratory for Cardiovascular Dynamics, and
| | - Ji-Yeon Bang
- Departments of1Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Laboratory for Cardiovascular Dynamics, and
| | - Seon-Ok Kim
- 2Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Saegyeol Kim
- Departments of1Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Laboratory for Cardiovascular Dynamics, and
| | - Joung Uk Kim
- Departments of1Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Laboratory for Cardiovascular Dynamics, and
| | - Jun-Gol Song
- Departments of1Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Laboratory for Cardiovascular Dynamics, and
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Rowe ES, Rowe VD, Biswas S, Mosher G, Insisienmay L, Ozias MK, Gralinski MR, Hunter J, Barnett JS. Preclinical Studies of a Kidney Safe Iodinated Contrast Agent. J Neuroimaging 2016; 26:511-8. [PMID: 27171830 PMCID: PMC5084786 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a serious complication of the use of iodinated contrast agents. This problem is particularly acute in interventional neurology and interventional cardiology, probably due to the intra-arterial route of injection, high contrast volumes, and preexisting risk factors of these patients. In an attempt to develop a contrast agent that is less damaging to the kidneys, we have studied the effects of adding a small amount of the substituted cyclodextrin, sulfobutyl-ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBECD), to iohexol in rodent models of renal toxicity. METHODS Renally compromised mice and rats were injected with iohexol and iohexol-SBECD via the tail vein. The renal pathology, creatinine clearance, and survival benefits of iohexol-SBECD were studied. The safety of direct intra-arterial injection of the iohexol-SBECD formulation was studied in a dog heart model system. Mechanism of action studies in cell culture model using a human kidney cell line was performed using flow cytometry. RESULTS Nephrotoxicity was significantly reduced using iohexol-SBECD compared to iohexol alone, at mole ratios of iohexol:SBECD of 1:0.025. SBECD increased survival from 50% to 88% in a rat survival study. In the dog heart model, iohexol-SBECD was safe. Cell culture studies suggest that SBECD interferes with the early stages of contrast-induced apoptosis in a human renal cell line. CONCLUSION We have shown that the addition of a small amount of SBECD (one molecule of SBECD per 40 iohexol molecules) significantly protects rodent kidneys from CI-AKI. Further development of this new formulation of iodinated contrast is warranted.
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