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Teo YH, Peh TY, Abdurrahman ABHM, Lee ASI, Chiam M, Fong W, Wijaya L, Krishna LKR. A modified Delphi approach to nurturing professionalism in postgraduate medical education in Singapore. Singapore Med J 2024; 65:313-325. [PMID: 34823327 PMCID: PMC11232710 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2021224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nurturing professional identities instils behavioural standards of physicians, and this in turn facilitates consistent professional attitudes, practice and patient care. Identities are socioculturally constructed efforts; therefore, we must account for the social, cultural and local healthcare factors that shape physicians' roles, responsibilities and expectations. This study aimed to forward a programme to nurture professionalism among physicians in Singapore. METHODS A three-phase, evidenced-based approach was used. First, a systematic scoping review (SSR) was conducted to identify professionalism elements. Second, a questionnaire was created based on the findings of the SSR. Third, a modified Delphi approach, which involved local experts to identify socioculturally appropriate elements to nurture professionalism, was used. RESULTS A total of 124 articles were identified from the SSR; these articles revealed definitions, knowledge, skills and approaches to nurturing professionalism. Through the modified Delphi approach, we identified professional traits, virtues, communication, ethical, self-care, teaching and assessment methods, and support mechanisms. CONCLUSION The results of this study formed the basis for a holistic and longitudinal programme focused on instilling professional traits and competencies over time through personalised and holistic support of physicians. The findings will be of interest to medical communities in the region and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hao Teo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tan Ying Peh
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Assisi Hospice, Singapore
- The Palliative Care Centre for Excellence in Research and Education, Singapore
| | - Ahmad Bin Hanifah Marican Abdurrahman
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexia Sze Inn Lee
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Chiam
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Warren Fong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Limin Wijaya
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- The Palliative Care Centre for Excellence in Research and Education, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, Academic Palliative and End of Life Care Centre, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Centre of Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Hoffman BL, Sidani JE, Wolynn R, Morgan A, Calhoun BC. Feasibility and Acceptability of Using Television Clips to Teach Communication Skills. J Physician Assist Educ 2022; 33:234-238. [PMID: 35862632 DOI: 10.1097/jpa.0000000000000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to conduct an innovative seminar that was developed by using clips from the television program ER to teach/reinforce key concepts of effective communication for didactic phase physician assistant (PA) students. METHODS Interactive, 2-hour , small group seminars were conducted as part of the PA curriculum. Demographic data, as well as information about prior exposure to medical-related television shows and interest in specific medical disciplines, were collected at baseline. The evaluation of this unconventional teaching strategy was completed via a post-activity self-administered, electronic survey. Descriptive statistics were calculated for closed-ended questions, and a thematic analysis approach was used to examine open-ended questions. RESULTS Approximately two-thirds (n = 49) of the students who attended the seminars completed both the baseline and post-activity surveys. The seminars were well-received, with 94% of respondents indicating they would like to participate in similar trainings in the future. The primary suggestion was to use clips from multiple television programs. DISCUSSION The results suggest that this instructional format was highly acceptable to modern PA students, who yearn for an amalgamation of education and entertainment. Future work could examine the influence of the seminar on students' communication in clinical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth L Hoffman
- Beth Hoffman, PhD, MPH, is a postdoctoral associate in the Center for Social Dynamics and Community Health in the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences at the University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Jaime Sidani, PhD, MPH, is an associate professor in the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences at the School of Public Health at the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Riley Wolynn is an undergraduate student at the University of Pittsburgh and a research assistant in the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences in the School of Public Health at the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Allison Morgan, MPA, PA-C, is the academic coordinator in the Department of Physician Assistant Studies in the School of Health Sciences at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Bridget Calhoun, DrPH, PA-C, is the associate dean for academic affairs and research in the School of Health Sciences at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jaime E Sidani
- Beth Hoffman, PhD, MPH, is a postdoctoral associate in the Center for Social Dynamics and Community Health in the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences at the University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Jaime Sidani, PhD, MPH, is an associate professor in the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences at the School of Public Health at the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Riley Wolynn is an undergraduate student at the University of Pittsburgh and a research assistant in the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences in the School of Public Health at the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Allison Morgan, MPA, PA-C, is the academic coordinator in the Department of Physician Assistant Studies in the School of Health Sciences at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Bridget Calhoun, DrPH, PA-C, is the associate dean for academic affairs and research in the School of Health Sciences at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Riley Wolynn
- Beth Hoffman, PhD, MPH, is a postdoctoral associate in the Center for Social Dynamics and Community Health in the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences at the University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Jaime Sidani, PhD, MPH, is an associate professor in the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences at the School of Public Health at the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Riley Wolynn is an undergraduate student at the University of Pittsburgh and a research assistant in the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences in the School of Public Health at the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Allison Morgan, MPA, PA-C, is the academic coordinator in the Department of Physician Assistant Studies in the School of Health Sciences at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Bridget Calhoun, DrPH, PA-C, is the associate dean for academic affairs and research in the School of Health Sciences at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Allison Morgan
- Beth Hoffman, PhD, MPH, is a postdoctoral associate in the Center for Social Dynamics and Community Health in the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences at the University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Jaime Sidani, PhD, MPH, is an associate professor in the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences at the School of Public Health at the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Riley Wolynn is an undergraduate student at the University of Pittsburgh and a research assistant in the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences in the School of Public Health at the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Allison Morgan, MPA, PA-C, is the academic coordinator in the Department of Physician Assistant Studies in the School of Health Sciences at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Bridget Calhoun, DrPH, PA-C, is the associate dean for academic affairs and research in the School of Health Sciences at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bridget C Calhoun
- Beth Hoffman, PhD, MPH, is a postdoctoral associate in the Center for Social Dynamics and Community Health in the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences at the University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Jaime Sidani, PhD, MPH, is an associate professor in the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences at the School of Public Health at the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Riley Wolynn is an undergraduate student at the University of Pittsburgh and a research assistant in the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences in the School of Public Health at the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Allison Morgan, MPA, PA-C, is the academic coordinator in the Department of Physician Assistant Studies in the School of Health Sciences at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Bridget Calhoun, DrPH, PA-C, is the associate dean for academic affairs and research in the School of Health Sciences at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Nicoli F, Montaguti E, Gasparetto A, Zaninetta G, Grossi AA, Mangeri G, Miccinesi G, Petrini C, Picozzi M. Act of Consoling Helps Those Who Console: A Multicenter Observational Survey Study in Hospice Services. J Palliat Med 2021; 24:1226-1231. [PMID: 33781089 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2020.0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The contemporary scientific literature documents a lack of attention toward the act of consoling put into practice by health care professionals (HCPs) in hospice services. Objective: To describe the act of consoling and its meaning for hospice-employed HCPs. Design: A multicenter observational survey study was performed through a paper-based questionnaire. Subjects: The study was sent to the directors of 10 hospices in Northern Italy and distributed to 232 HCPs. Results: A total of 218 HCPs responded (94%). The results showed that most HCPs consider the practice of consoling to be essential to their profession, but they also underscored the extreme complexity of the process. Conclusion: The act of consoling is not simply a professional duty defined in contractual clauses. Rather, it is a set of specific communicative practices and skills required of HCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Nicoli
- Center for Clinical Ethics, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Clinical Ethics Service, Domus Salutis Clinic, Teresa Camplani Foundation, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Montaguti
- Center for Clinical Ethics, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gasparetto
- Center for Clinical Ethics, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra A Grossi
- Center for Clinical Ethics, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Guido Miccinesi
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica-ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Petrini
- Bioethics Unit, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Picozzi
- Center for Clinical Ethics, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Zehm A, Rosenberg LB, Daubman BR. Discussing Autopsy with Bereaved Families #400. J Palliat Med 2020; 23:1400-1402. [DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2020.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Tay KT, Ng S, Hee JM, Chia EWY, Vythilingam D, Ong YT, Chiam M, Chin AMC, Fong W, Wijaya L, Toh YP, Mason S, Krishna LKR. Assessing Professionalism in Medicine - A Scoping Review of Assessment Tools from 1990 to 2018. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT 2020; 7:2382120520955159. [PMID: 33150208 PMCID: PMC7580192 DOI: 10.1177/2382120520955159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical professionalism enhances doctor-patient relationships and advances patient-centric care. However, despite its pivotal role, the concept of medical professionalism remains diversely understood, taught and thus poorly assessed with Singapore lacking a linguistically sensitive, context specific and culturally appropriate assessment tool. A scoping review of assessments of professionalism in medicine was thus carried out to better guide its understanding. METHODS Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) approach to scoping reviews was used to identify appropriate publications featured in four databases published between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2018. Seven members of the research team employed thematic analysis to evaluate the selected articles. RESULTS 3799 abstracts were identified, 138 full-text articles reviewed and 74 studies included. The two themes identified were the context-specific nature of assessments and competency-based stages in medical professionalism. CONCLUSIONS Prevailing assessments of professionalism in medicine must contend with differences in setting, context and levels of professional development as these explicate variances found in existing assessment criteria and approaches. However, acknowledging the significance of context-specific competency-based stages in medical professionalism will allow the forwarding of guiding principles to aid the design of a culturally-sensitive and practical approach to assessing professionalism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang Teck Tay
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shea Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Min Hee
- National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | - Divya Vythilingam
- School of Medicine, International Medical University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yun Ting Ong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Chiam
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Annelissa Mien Chew Chin
- Medical Library, National University of Singapore Libraries, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Warren Fong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Limin Wijaya
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ying Pin Toh
- Department of Family Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Stephen Mason
- Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, Academic Palliative & End of Life Care Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, Academic Palliative & End of Life Care Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- PalC, The Palliative Care Centre for Excellence in Research and Education
- Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna, Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, Academic Palliative & End of Life Care Centre, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Road, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK.
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Englar RE. Using a Standardized Client Encounter to Practice Death Notification after the Unexpected Death of a Feline Patient Following Routine Ovariohysterectomy. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 46:489-505. [PMID: 30806560 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.0817-111r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Death notification is an important skill for health care providers to carry out, yet few clinicians feel adequately prepared to complete this task. To address these gaps in clinical training, some medical educators have incorporated standardized patients (SPs) into the curriculum to allow students to practice death notification in a safe, controlled environment. Veterinary educators agree that end-of-life communication skills are essential for success in clinical practice, and many rely on standardized clients (SCs) for role-play concerning euthanasia. However, anticipatory loss is distinct from unexpected death, and death notification is strikingly absent from the veterinary literature. To introduce students to death notification, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine (MWU CVM) developed a communications curriculum that culminated in a scripted encounter, "Basil, the Scottish Fold." Students must explain to an SC that his kitten died following routine ovariohysterectomy. Pre- and post-event surveys completed by 19 students demonstrated valuable lessons in death notification word choice, particularly what not to say. I hope that this teaching tool may be adapted for use by other colleges of veterinary medicine to allow students to practice death notification.
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Real K, Fields-Elswick K, Bernard AC. Understanding Resident Performance, Mindfulness, and Communication in Critical Care Rotations. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2017; 74:503-512. [PMID: 28025061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence from the medical literature suggests that surgical trainees can benefit from mindful practices. Surgical educators are challenged with the need to address resident core competencies, some of which may be facilitated by higher levels of mindfulness. This study explores whether mindful residents perform better than their peers as members of the health care team. DESIGN This study employed a multiphase, multimethod design to assess resident mindfulness, communication, and clinical performance. SETTING Academic, tertiary medical center. PARTICIPANTS Residents (N = 51) working in an intensive care unit. In phase I, medical residents completed a self-report survey of mindfulness, communication, emotional affect, and clinical decision-making. In phase II, resident performance was assessed using independent ratings of mindfulness and clinical decision-making by attending physicians and registered nurses. RESULTS In phase 1, a significant positive relationship was found between resident performance and mindfulness, positive affect (PA), and communication. In phase 2, attending physicians/registered nurses' perceptions of residents' mindfulness were positively correlated with communication and inversely related to negative affect (NA). The top quartile of residents for performance and mindfulness had the lowest NA. Higher-rated residents underestimated their performance/mindfulness, whereas those in the lowest quartile overestimated these factors. CONCLUSIONS This study offers a number of implications for medical resident education. First, mindfulness was perceived to be a significant contributor to self-assessments of competency and performance. Second, both PA and NA were important to mindfulness and performance. Third, communication was associated with resident performance, mindfulness, and PA. These implications suggest that individual characteristics of mindfulness, communication, and affect, all potentially modifiable, influence care quality and safety. To improve low performers, surgical educators could screen and identify residents with inaccurate self-assessments. Residents open to feedback will improve faster and develop awareness toward situations and interactions with patients, colleagues, attending physicians, and staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Real
- Department of Communication, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Andrew C Bernard
- Department of Surgery, UK Healthcare, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
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Chumpitazi CE, Rees CA, Chumpitazi BP, Hsu DC, Doughty CB, Lorin MI. Creation and Assessment of a Bad News Delivery Simulation Curriculum for Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellows. Cureus 2016; 8:e595. [PMID: 27335708 PMCID: PMC4914065 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bad news in the context of health care has been broadly defined as significant information that negatively alters people's perceptions of the present or future. Effectively delivering bad news (DBN) in the setting of the emergency department requires excellent communication skills. Evidence shows that bad news is frequently given inadequately. Studies show that trainees need to devote more time to developing this skill through formalized training. This program's objectives were to utilize trained standardized patients in a simulation setting to assist pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellows in the development of effective, sensitive, and compassionate communication with patients and family members when conveying bad news, and to recognize and respond to the patient/parent's reaction to such news. Methods PEM fellows participated in a novel curriculum utilizing simulated patients (SPs) acting as the patient's parent and immersive techniques in a realistic and supportive environment. A baseline survey was conducted to ascertain participant demographics and previous experience with simulation and DBN. Experienced, multi-disciplinary faculty participated in a training workshop with the SPs one week prior to course delivery. Three scenarios were developed for bad news delivery. Instructors watched via remote video feed while the fellows individually interacted with the SPs and then participated in a confidential debriefing. Fellows later joined for group debriefing. Fellow characteristics, experience, and self-perceived comfort pre/post-course were collected. Results Baseline data demonstrated that 78% of fellows reported DBN two or more times per month. Ninety-three percent of fellows in this study were present during the delivery of news about the death of a child to a parent or family member in the six-month period preceding this course. Fellows' self-reported comfort level in DBN to a patient/family and dealing with patient and parent emotions improved significantly (p=0.034 and p=0.046, respectively). Conclusions Pediatric emergency medicine fellows frequently deliver bad news. A course using SPs was well received by trainees and resulted in improvement in self-assessed skills and comfort. This curriculum provides the opportunity for fellows to receive patient/parent feedback of their communication skills and observations from skilled instructors. This methodology should be considered when creating training curricula for bad news delivery skills.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris A Rees
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Bruno P Chumpitazi
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Deborah C Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Cara B Doughty
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine
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Lamba S, Tyrie LS, Bryczkowski S, Nagurka R. Teaching Surgery Residents the Skills to Communicate Difficult News to Patient and Family Members: A Literature Review. J Palliat Med 2016; 19:101-7. [DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2015.0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Lamba
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Leslie S. Tyrie
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Sarah Bryczkowski
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Roxanne Nagurka
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
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Roberts F, Gettings P, Torbeck L, Helft PR. Reflection on adverse event disclosure in the postsurgical hospital context. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2015; 72:767-770. [PMID: 25935322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Roberts
- Brian Lamb School of Communication, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
| | - Patricia Gettings
- Brian Lamb School of Communication, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Laura Torbeck
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Paul R Helft
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Charles Warren Fairbanks Center for Medical Ethics, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
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