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Varma PK, Radhakrishnan RM, Gopal K, Krishna N, Jose R. Selecting the appropriate patients for coronary artery bypass grafting in ischemic cardiomyopathy-importance of myocardial viability. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 40:341-352. [PMID: 38681722 PMCID: PMC11045715 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-023-01671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients who undergo coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in ischemic cardiomyopathy have a survival advantage over medical therapy at 10 years. The survival advantage of CABG over medical therapy is due to its ability to reduce future myocardial infarction, and by conferring electrical stability. The presence of myocardial viability does not provide a differential survival advantage for CABG over medical therapy. Presence of angina and inducible ischemia are also less predictive of outcome. Moreover, CABG is associated with significant early mortality. Hence, careful patient selection is more important for reducing the early mortality and improving the long-term outcome than relying on results of myocardial viability. Younger patients with good exercise tolerance benefit the most, while patients who are frail and patients with renal dysfunction and dysfunctional right ventricle seem to have very high operative mortality. Elderly patients, because of poor life expectancy, do not benefit from CABG, but the age cutoff is not clear. Patients also need to have revascularizable targets, but this decision is often based on experience of the surgical team and heart team discussion. These recommendations are irrespective of the myocardial viability tests. Optimal medical treatment remains the cornerstone for management of ischemic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kerala Varma
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Amrita University), Kochi, India
| | - Rohik Micka Radhakrishnan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Amrita University), Kochi, India
| | - Kirun Gopal
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Amrita University), Kochi, India
| | - Neethu Krishna
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Amrita University), Kochi, India
| | - Rajesh Jose
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Amrita University), Kochi, India
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Isath A, Panza JA. The Evolving Paradigm of Revascularization in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: from Recovery of Systolic Function to Protection Against Future Ischemic Events. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:1513-1521. [PMID: 37874470 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We aim to reevaluate how the assessment of myocardial viability can guide optimal treatment strategies for patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) based on a more contemporary understanding of the mechanism of benefit of revascularization. RECENT FINDINGS The assessment of viability in left ventricular (LV) segments with diminished contraction has been proposed as key to predict the benefit of revascularization and, therefore, as a requisite for the selection of patients to undergo this form of treatment. However, data from prospective trials have diverged from earlier retrospective studies. Traditional binary viability assessment may oversimplify ICM's complexity and the nuances of revascularization benefits. A conceptual shift from the traditional paradigm centered on the assessment of viability as a dichotomous variable to a more comprehensive approach encompassing a thorough understanding of ICM's complex pathophysiology and the salutary effect of revascularization in the prevention of myocardial infarction and ventricular arrhythmias is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameesh Isath
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center, 100 Woods Rd, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Julio A Panza
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center, 100 Woods Rd, Valhalla, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, 40 Sunshine Cottage Rd, Valhalla, NY, USA.
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Zhou Z, Jian B, Chen X, Liu M, Zhang S, Fu G, Li G, Liang M, Tian T, Wu Z. Heterogeneous treatment effects of coronary artery bypass grafting in ischemic cardiomyopathy: A machine learning causal forest analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023:S0022-5223(23)00797-3. [PMID: 37716652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aim to evaluate the heterogeneous treatment effects of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and to identify a group of patients to have greater benefits from coronary artery bypass grafting compared with medical therapy alone. METHODS Machine learning causal forest modeling was performed to identify the heterogeneous treatment effects of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy from the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure trial. The risks of death from any cause and death from cardiovascular causes between coronary artery bypass grafting and medical therapy alone were assessed in the identified subgroups. RESULTS Among 1212 patients enrolled in the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure trial, left ventricular end-systolic volume index, serum creatinine, and age were identified by the machine learning algorithm to distinguish patients with heterogeneous treatment effects. Among patients with left ventricular end-systolic volume index greater than 84 mL/m2 and age 60.27 years or less, coronary artery bypass grafting was associated with a significantly lower risk of death from any cause (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.45-0.84) and death from cardiovascular causes (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45-0.89). By contrast, the survival benefits of coronary artery bypass grafting no longer exist in patients with left ventricular end-systolic volume index 84 mL/m2 or less and serum creatinine 1.04 mg/dL or less, or patients with left ventricular end-systolic volume index greater than 84 mL/m2 and age more than 60.27 years. CONCLUSIONS The current post hoc analysis of the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure trial identified heterogeneous treatment effects of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Younger patients with severe left ventricular enlargement were more likely to derive greater survival benefits from coronary artery bypass grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoming Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bohao Jian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanyu Chen
- School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menghui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaozhao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangguo Fu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengya Liang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ting Tian
- School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhongkai Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wen B, Lu Y, Huang X, Du X, Sun F, Xie F, Liu C, Wang D. Influence and risk factors of postoperative infection after surgery for ischemic cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1231556. [PMID: 37692042 PMCID: PMC10483997 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1231556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies on postoperative infection (POI) after surgery for ischemic cardiomyopathy are still lacking. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of POI and its influence on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing ischemic cardiomyopathy surgery. Methods The Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial randomized patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy [coronary artery disease (CAD) with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%] to surgical and medical therapy. In this study, a post hoc analysis of the STICH trial was performed to assess the risk factors and clinical outcomes of POI in those undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Patients were divided according to whether POI developed during hospitalization or within 30 days from operation. Results Of the 2,136 patients randomized, 1,460 patients undergoing CABG per-protocol was included, with a POI rate of 10.2% (149/1,460). By multivariable analysis, POI was significantly related to patients' age, body mass index, depression, chronic renal insufficiency, Duke CAD Index, and mitral valve procedure. Compared to patients without POI, patients with POI had significantly longer durations of intubation, CCU/ICU and hospital stay, and higher rates of re-operation, in-hospital death and failed discharge within 30 days postoperatively. In addition, these patients had significantly higher risks of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, heart failure death, and all-cause hospitalization during long-term follow-up. However, the influence of POI on all-cause death was mainly found during the first year after operation, and the influence was not significant for patients surviving for more than 1 year. Conclusions POI was prevalent after surgery for ischemic cardiomyopathy and was closely related to short-term and long-term clinical outcomes, and the effect of POI mainly occurred within the first postoperative year. This study first reported and clarified the relationship between POI and long-term prognosis and the predictors for POI after surgery for ischemic cardiomyopathy worldwide, which may have certain guiding significance for clinical practice. Clinical Trial Registration https://www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier (NCT00023595).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinling Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuqiang Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dashuai Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Iaconelli A, Pellicori P, Dolce P, Busti M, Ruggio A, Aspromonte N, D'Amario D, Galli M, Princi G, Caiazzo E, Rezig AOM, Maffia P, Pecorini G, Crea F, Cleland JGF. Coronary revascularization for heart failure with coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:1094-1104. [PMID: 37211964 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common cause of heart failure (HF). Whether coronary revascularization improves outcomes in patients with HF receiving guideline-recommended pharmacological therapy (GRPT) remains uncertain; therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS AND RESULTS We searched in public databases for RCTs published between 1 January 2001 and 22 November 2022, investigating the effects of coronary revascularization on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic HF due to CAD. All-cause mortality was the primary outcome. We included five RCTs that enrolled, altogether, 2842 patients (most aged <65 years; 85% men; 67% with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%). Overall, compared to medical therapy alone, coronary revascularization was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79-0.99; p = 0.0278) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.70-0.93; p = 0.0024) but not the composite of hospitalization for HF or all-cause mortality (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.74-1.01; p = 0.0728). There were insufficient data to show whether the effects of coronary artery bypass graft surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention were similar or differed. CONCLUSIONS For patients with chronic HF and CAD enrolled in RCTs, the effect of coronary revascularization on all-cause mortality was statistically significant but neither substantial (HR 0.88) nor robust (upper 95% CI close to 1.0). RCTs were not blinded, which may bias reporting of the cause-specific reasons for hospitalization and mortality. Further trials are required to determine which patients with HF and CAD obtain a substantial benefit from coronary revascularization by either coronary artery bypass graft surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Iaconelli
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Pellicori
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pasquale Dolce
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Busti
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Aureliano Ruggio
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Aspromonte
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico D'Amario
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
| | - Mattia Galli
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Princi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Caiazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Asma O M Rezig
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Giovanni Pecorini
- Cardiovascular Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - John G F Cleland
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Blach A, Kwiecinski J. The Role of Positron Emission Tomography in Advancing the Understanding of the Pathogenesis of Heart and Vascular Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:1791. [PMID: 37238275 PMCID: PMC10217133 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13101791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. For developing new therapies, a better understanding of the underlying pathology is required. Historically, such insights have been primarily derived from pathological studies. In the 21st century, thanks to the advent of cardiovascular positron emission tomography (PET), which depicts the presence and activity of pathophysiological processes, it is now feasible to assess disease activity in vivo. By targeting distinct biological pathways, PET elucidates the activity of the processes which drive disease progression, adverse outcomes or, on the contrary, those that can be considered as a healing response. Given the insights provided by PET, this non-invasive imaging technology lends itself to the development of new therapies, providing a hope for the emergence of strategies that could have a profound impact on patient outcomes. In this narrative review, we discuss recent advances in cardiovascular PET imaging which have greatly advanced our understanding of atherosclerosis, ischemia, infection, adverse myocardial remodeling and degenerative valvular heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Blach
- Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Voxel Diagnostic Center, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jacek Kwiecinski
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
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Fu G, Zhou Z, Jian B, Huang S, Feng Z, Liang M, Liu Q, Huang Y, Liu K, Chen G, Wu Z. Systolic blood pressure time in target range and long-term outcomes in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Am Heart J 2023; 258:177-185. [PMID: 36925271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between the degree of systolic blood pressure (SBP) control and outcomes remains unclear in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Current control metrics may not take into account the potential effects of SBP fluctuations over time on patients. METHODS This study was a post-hoc analysis of the surgical treatment of ischemic heart failure trial which enrolled 2,136 participants with ICM. Our SBP target range was defined as 110 to 130 mm Hg and the time in target range (TTR) was calculated by linear interpolation. RESULTS A total of 1,194 patients were included. Compared with the quartile 4 group (TTR 77.87%-100%), the adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of all-cause mortality were 1.32 (0.98-1.78) for quartile 3 group (TTR 54.81%-77.63%), 1.40 (1.03-1.90) for quartile 2 group (TTR 32.59%-54.67%), and 1.53 (1.14-2.04) for quartile 1 group (TTR 0%-32.56%). Per 29.28% (1-SD) decrement in TTR significantly increased the risk of all-cause mortality (1.15 [1.04-1.26]). Similar results were observed in the cardiovascular (CV) mortality and the composite outcome of all-cause mortality plus CV rehospitalization, and in the subgroup analyses of either coronary artery bypass grafting or medical therapy, and different baseline SBP. CONCLUSIONS In patients with ICM, the higher TTR was significantly associated with decreased risk of all-cause mortality, CV mortality and the composite outcome of all-cause mortality plus CV rehospitalization, regardless of whether the patient received coronary artery bypass grafting or medical therapy, and the level of baseline SBP. TTR may be a surrogate metric of long-term SBP control in patients with ICM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangguo Fu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoming Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bohao Jian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suiqing Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zicong Feng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengya Liang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaizheng Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangxian Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhongkai Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Mori M, Mark DB, Khera R, Lin H, Jones P, Huang C, Lu Y, Geirsson A, Velazquez EJ, Spertus JA, Krumholz HM. Identifying quality of life outcome patterns to inform treatment choices in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Am Heart J 2022; 254:12-22. [PMID: 35932911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial found that routine use of coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) improved mean quality of life (QoL) scores relative to guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. However, mean differences in QoL scores do not provide what patients want to know when facing a high-risk/high-benefit treatment choice. METHODS We analyzed Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) Overall Summary scores in CABG and GDMT patients over 36 months using a combination of statistical methods to group QoL data into clinically relevant outcome patterns (phenotype trajectories) and to then identify the main baseline predictors of each phenotype. QoL outcome phenotypes were developed using mixture models to define the dominant phenotype trajectories present in STICH QoL data. Logistic regression models were used to predict each patient's probability of achieving each outcome pattern with each treatment. RESULTS In STICH, 592 patients underwent CABG and 607 were managed with GDMT. Our analyses identified 3 phenotype trajectory patterns in both treatment groups. Two of the 3 trajectories showed improving patterns, and were classified as "good QoL trajectories," seen in 498 (84.1%) CABG and 449 (73.9%) GDMT patients. Defining a consequential CABG-GDMT treatment difference as a >10% higher absolute predicted probability of belonging to good QoL trajectories, 277 (23.5%) patients were more likely to have good outcome with CABG while 45 (3.8%) patients were more likely to have a good outcome with GDMT. For 644 (54.7%) patients, CABG and GDMT probabilities of a good outcome were within 5% of each other. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of QoL outcomes after CABG compared with GDMT in STICH followed 3 main phenotypic trajectories, which could be predicted based on individual baseline features. Patient-specific predictions about expected QoL outcomes with different treatment choices provide an intuitive framework for personalizing patient decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Mori
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, YaleNew Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT
| | - Daniel B Mark
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Rohan Khera
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, YaleNew Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Haiqun Lin
- Division of Nursing Science, School of Nursing & Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ
| | - Philip Jones
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO
| | - Chenxi Huang
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, YaleNew Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT
| | - Yuan Lu
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, YaleNew Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Arnar Geirsson
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Eric J Velazquez
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - John A Spertus
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO
| | - Harlan M Krumholz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, YaleNew Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine and the Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT.
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9
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Farsky PS, White J, Al-Khalidi HR, Sueta CA, Rouleau JL, Panza JA, Velazquez EJ, O'Connor CM. Optimal medical therapy with or without surgical revascularization and long-term outcomes in ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 164:1890-1899.e4. [PMID: 33610365 PMCID: PMC8260609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Optimal medical therapy in patients with heart failure and coronary artery disease is associated with improved outcomes. However, whether this association is influenced by the performance of coronary artery bypass grafting is less well established. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the possible relationship between coronary artery bypass grafting and optimal medical therapy and its effect on the outcomes of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. METHODS The Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure trial randomized 1212 patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular ejection fraction 35% or less to coronary artery bypass grafting with medical therapy or medical therapy alone with a median follow-up over 9.8 years. For the purpose of this study, optimal medical therapy was collected at baseline and 4 months, and defined as the combination of 4 drugs: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, beta-blocker, statin, and 1 antiplatelet drug. RESULTS At baseline and 4 months, 58.7% and 73.3% of patients were receiving optimal medical therapy, respectively. These patients had no differences in important parameters such as left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular volumes. In a multivariable Cox model, optimal medical therapy at baseline was associated with a lower all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.91; P = .001). When landmarked at 4 months, optimal medical therapy was also associated with a lower all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.62-0.99; P = .04). There was no interaction between the benefit of optimal medical therapy and treatment allocation. CONCLUSIONS Optimal medical therapy was associated with improved long-term survival and lower cardiovascular mortality in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and should be strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro S Farsky
- Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia and Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jennifer White
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Department of Biostatics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Hussein R Al-Khalidi
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Department of Biostatics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Carla A Sueta
- Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jean L Rouleau
- Department of Medicine, Montréal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julio A Panza
- Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
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10
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Perioperative changes in left ventricular systolic function following surgical revascularization. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277454. [PMID: 36355812 PMCID: PMC9648779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nearly 1/3rd of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) have left ventricular systolic dysfunction. However, the extent, direction and implications of perioperative changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) have not been well characterized in these patients. Methods We studied the changes in LVEF among 549 patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVEF <50%) who underwent CABG as part of the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial. Patients had pre- and post-CABG (4 month) LVEF assessments using identical cardiac imaging modality, interpreted at a core laboratory. An absolute change of >10% in LVEF was considered clinically significant. Results Of the 549 patients (mean age 61.4±9.55 years, and 72 [13.1%] women), 145 (26.4%) had a >10% improvement in LVEF, 369 (67.2%) had no change and 35 (6.4%) had >10% worsening of LVEF following CABG. Patients with lower preoperative LVEF were more likely to experience an improvement after CABG (odds ratio 1.36; 95% CI 1.21–1.53; per 5% lower preoperative LVEF; p <0.001). Notably, incidence of postoperative improvement in LVEF was not influenced by presence, nor absence, of myocardial viability (25.5% vs. 28.3% respectively, p = 0.67). After adjusting for age, sex, baseline LVEF, and NYHA Class, a >10% improvement in LVEF after CABG was associated with a 57% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.26–0.71). Conclusions Among patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoing CABG, 26.4% had >10% improvement in LVEF. An improvement in LVEF was more likely in patients with lower preoperative LVEF and was associated with improved long-term survival.
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Zhou Z, Zhuang X, Liu M, Jian B, Fu G, Liao X, Wu Z, Liang M. Left ventricular volume change and long-term outcomes in ischaemic cardiomyopathy with or without surgical revascularisation: A post-hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 53:101626. [PMID: 36060518 PMCID: PMC9433601 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether the association between post-therapeutic left ventricular volume change and long-term outcomes in ischaemic cardiomyopathy is influenced by the performance of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains unclear. We sought to perform a post-hoc analysis of the Surgical Treatment of Ischaemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial to investigate this association in patients treated with medical therapy (MED) with or without CABG. METHODS From July 24, 2002, to May 5, 2007, 1212 patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy were enrolled in the STICH trial (NCT00023595) from 99 sites in 22 countries, and were randomly assigned to undergo CABG plus MED or MED alone. We completed a post-hoc analysis of this trial. Patients with paired left ventricular end-systolic volume index (ESVI) measured at baseline and 4-months were included in our analysis. The association between change in ESVI from baseline to 4-months and cardiovascular mortality or all-cause mortality was assessed in MED arm and CABG plus MED arm. FINDINGS 523 patients were included, with 291 (55.6%) assigned to MED arm and 232 (44.4%) to CABG plus MED arm. At a 4-month follow-up, ESVI reduction was more likely to occur among patients undergoing CABG plus MED. After a median follow-up of 10.3 years, for each 26% (1- standard deviation) decrement in ESVI, it was associated with a 22% lower risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65-0.94) and 19% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.81; 95% CI, 0.69-0.95) in MED arm, whereas this association was not shown in CABG plus MED arm (cardiovascular mortality: HR 0.90; 95%CI, 0.74-1.10; all-cause mortality: HR 0.93; 95%CI, 0.79-1.09). A 16% reduction in ESVI was determined to be the most appropriate threshold of change in ESVI in the MED arm. INTERPRETATION In patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy, left ventricular volume change was associated with long-term prognosis after medical therapy alone, whereas was likely not an optimal benchmark for evaluating the survival benefits associated with CABG. A more than 16% reduction in ESVI might assist in therapeutic efficacy assessment and prognostic evaluation in medically treated patients. FUNDING National Natural Science Foundation of China; Natural Science Funds of Guangdong Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoming Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Departement of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menghui Liu
- Departement of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bohao Jian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangguo Fu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxue Liao
- Departement of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongkai Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Mengya Liang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Coronary artery disease (CAD) is responsible for >50% of heart failures cases. Patients with ischemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction (iLVSD) are known to have poorer outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) compared to patients with a normal ejection fraction. Nevertheless, <1% of patients in coronary revascularization trials to date had iLVSD. The purpose of this review is to describe coronary revascularization modalities in patients with iLVSD and highlight the need for randomized controlled trial evidence comparing these treatments in this patient population. RECENT FINDINGS Network meta-analytic findings of observational studies suggest that PCI is associated with higher rates of mortality, cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and repeat revascularization but not stroke compared to CABG in iLVSD. In recent years, outcomes for patients undergoing PCI have improved as a result of advances in technologies and techniques. SUMMARY The optimal coronary revascularization modality in patients with iLVSD remains unknown. In observational studies, CABG appears superior to PCI; however, direct randomized evidence is absent and developments in PCI techniques have improved post-PCI outcomes in recent years. The Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure 3.0 consortium of trials will seek to address the clinical equipoise in coronary revascularization in patients with iLVSD.
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13
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Myocardial Viability – An Important Decision Making Factor in the Treatment Protocol for Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease. ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/amb-2022-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) affects > 110 million individuals worldwide and represents an important contributor to the rise in the prevalence of heart failure and the associated mortality and morbidity. Despite modern therapies, up to one-third of patients with acute myocardial infarction would develop heart failure. IHD is a pathologic condition of the myocardium resulting from the imbalance in a given moment between its oxygen demands and the actual perfusion. Acute and chronic forms of the disease may potentially lead to extensive and permanent damage of the cardiac muscle. From a clinical point of view, determination of the still viable extent of myocardium is crucial for the therapeutic protocol – since ischemia is the underlying cause, then revascularization should provide for a better prognosis. Different methods for evaluation of myocardial viability have been described – each one presenting some advantages over the others, being, in the same time, inferior in some respects. The review offers a relatively comprehensive overview of methods available for determining myocardial viability.
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14
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Zhou Z, Liang M, Zhuang X, Liu M, Fu G, Liu Q, Liao X, Wu Z. Long-term Outcomes After On- vs Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Ann Thorac Surg 2022; 115:1421-1428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Myocardial Viability Assessment Before Surgical Revascularization in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:1068-1077. [PMID: 34474740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic cardiomyopathy results from the combination of scar with fibrosis replacement and areas of dysfunctional but viable myocardium that may improve contractile function with revascularization. Observational studies reported that only patients with substantial amounts of myocardial viability had better outcomes following surgical revascularization. Accordingly, dedicated noninvasive techniques have evolved to quantify viable myocardium with the objective of selecting patients for this form of therapeutic intervention. However, prospective trials have not confirmed the interaction between myocardial viability and the treatment effect of revascularization. Furthermore, recent observations indicate that recovery of left ventricular function is not the principal mechanism by which surgical revascularization improves prognosis. In this paper, the authors describe a more contemporary application of viability testing that is founded on the alternative concept that the main goal of surgical revascularization is to prevent further damage by protecting the residual viable myocardium from subsequent acute coronary events.
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16
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Schiffer WB, Perry A, Deych E, Brown DL, Adamo L. Association of early versus delayed normalisation of left ventricular ejection fraction with mortality in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Open Heart 2021; 8:openhrt-2020-001528. [PMID: 33723015 PMCID: PMC7970261 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), normalisation of LVEF is associated with improved outcomes. However, data on patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and recovered LVEF are lacking. The goal of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of normalisation of the LVEF in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Methods/Results We performed a non-prespecified post hoc analysis of the Surgical Treatment for Ischaemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial to determine the association between normalisation of LVEF (>50%) and mortality during follow-up. Of the 1212 patients with LVEF <35% enroled in the STICH trial, 932 underwent assessment of LVEF at 4 months and/or 2 years after enrolment. Among them, 18 patients experienced normalisation in LVEF at 4-month follow-up and 35 patients experienced recovery in LVEF at 2 years. Recovery of LVEF at 4 months and recovery of LVEF at 2 years were not correlated. Recovery of LVEF at 4 months was not associated with reduced all-cause mortality in unadjusted analysis (log-rank test p=0.54) or in Cox proportional hazards analysis (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.48 to 1.80; p=0.82). Ejection fraction recovery at 2 years was associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality, both in unadjusted analysis (log-rank test p=0.004) and in the Cox proportional hazard model (HR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.80; p=0.009). Conclusions In patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy, delayed normalisation of LVEF is associated with reduced mortality, whereas early recovery of LVEF is not. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter B Schiffer
- Internal Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew Perry
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elena Deych
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David L Brown
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Luigi Adamo
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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17
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Castelvecchio S, Milani V, Volpe M, Citarella M, Ambrogi F, Boveri S, Saitto G, Garatti A, Menicanti L. Comparable outcomes between genders in patients undergoing surgical ventricular reconstruction for ischaemic heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 8:291-299. [PMID: 33169941 PMCID: PMC7835569 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Female sex and heart failure (HF) are considered poor prognostic factors for surgery. We aimed to investigate the association between sex and surgical outcomes in patients with ischaemic HF undergoing surgical ventricular reconstruction and coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods and results From July 2001 to June 2017, 648 patients [111 women (17%) and 537 men (83%)] were referred to our centre. Follow‐up continued through June 2018. All patients underwent surgical ventricular reconstruction; coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 582 patients (90%). Primary outcome was defined as all‐cause mortality. Secondary outcome included all‐cause mortality or all‐cause hospitalization. Women were older (70 vs. 65 years, P < 0.0001) with lower body surface area (1.70 vs. 1.86 m2, P < 0.0001). Women had more diabetes (36% vs. 24%, P = 0.005) and a higher New York Heart Association classification (Class III/IV 65.7% vs. 47.8%, P = 0.0006), without any significant difference in medical therapy except for a higher use of oral antidiabetic agents in women (P = 0.029). At baseline, the left ventricular (LV) end‐diastolic volume index was significantly lower in women [median 107.06 (80.6–127.81) vs. 113. 04 (94.33–135.52) mL/m2, P = 0.0078] but not the LV end‐systolic volume index (ESVI) [median 73.45 (51.93–96.79) vs. 77.03 (60.33–95.71) mL/m2, P = 0.1393] and the ejection fraction (median 31% vs. 32%, P = 0.150). Women had a higher rate of anterior remodelling (90.9% vs. 79.1%, P = 0.0129), without evidence of differences in mitral valve insufficiency (P = 0.761 for Grade 0 to 4) and mitral surgery (P = 0.810). After surgery, the percentage of reduction in LV ESVI was higher in women than in men (median ΔLV ESVI −42.06 vs. −31.99, P = 0.0003). Mortality within 30 days occurred in 43 patients (6.64%): 12 women (10.81%) and 31 men (5.77%, P = 0.0522). Over a median follow‐up of 9.8 years, all‐cause mortality occurred in 269 patients (41.64%), without significant difference between women (45.9%) and men (40.7%). There was no evidence of difference of all‐cause death between sexes (log‐rank = 0.2441). When considering mortality and first hospitalization as competing events, Gray's test showed no difference of cumulative incidence functions (all‐cause hospitalization, all‐cause death, and combined endpoint) according to sex (P = 0.909, P = 0.445, and P = 0.429, respectively). Conclusions In this study, long‐term outcomes for women and men with ischaemic HF undergoing complex cardiac surgery were equivalent. Albeit older and more symptomatic, women should not be denied this type of cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Milani
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Volpe
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Citarella
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Ambrogi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Boveri
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Saitto
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Garatti
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Menicanti
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
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18
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Khan I. A review of the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure trial. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2020; 28:633-637. [PMID: 32870026 DOI: 10.1177/0218492320957162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Optimal treatment for patients with ischemic heart disease and severe left ventricular dysfunction is a debatable subject in the literature. The largest and only trial on the subject so far is the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure trial. This trial compared coronary artery bypass grafting with optimal medical treatment in one arm versus coronary artery bypass grafting with surgical ventricular restoration in the second arm. Recently, the 10-year follow-up data of various subsets of the trial have been published. This study reviews various pertinent clinical issues related to the trial and its sub-studies and their relevance in routine modern-day clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Al Mana General Hospital, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Kimura M, Kohno T, Sawano M, Heidenreich PA, Ueda I, Takahashi T, Matsubara T, Ueno K, Hayashida K, Yuasa S, Ohki T, Fukuda K, Kohsaka S. Independent and cumulative association of clinical and morphological heart failure with long-term outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Cardiol 2020; 77:41-47. [PMID: 32888830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is a risk factor for adverse post-procedural outcome after revascularization; however, it is unclear how left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and clinical HF symptoms affect percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) outcomes. We investigated the characteristics and long-term outcomes of patients with clinical HF or LVSD after PCI. METHODS This was a Japanese multicenter registry study of adult patients receiving PCI. Among 4689 consecutive patients who underwent PCI at 15 hospitals from January 2009 to December 2012, we analyzed 2634 (56.2%) with documented left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). They were divided into four groups based on clinical HF (symptoms or HF hospitalization) and LVEF [≥35% and <35% (HF due to LVSD)]. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), comprising all-cause death, acute coronary syndrome, HF hospitalization, performance of coronary artery bypass grafting, and stroke within 2 years after the initial PCI. RESULTS Our findings revealed 354 patients (13.4%) with HF (clinical HF, n = 173, 48.9%; LVSD, n = 132, 37.3%; both, n = 49; 13.8%). The incidence of MACE was higher in patients with clinical HF or LVSD, and was largely due to higher non-cardiac death and HF hospitalization. After adjustment, clinical HF (hazard ratio 2.16, 95% confidence interval; 1.49-3.14) and lower LVEF (per 10%, hazard ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval; 0.81-0.99) were independently associated with higher MACE risk. CONCLUSIONS Clinical HF and LVSD were independently associated with adverse long-term clinical outcomes, particularly with non-cardiac death and HF readmission, in patients treated with PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Kimura
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Mitsuaki Sawano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paul A Heidenreich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ikuko Ueda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Koji Ueno
- Department of Cardiology, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hayashida
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Yuasa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ohki
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Perry AS, Mann DL, Brown DL. Improvement of ejection fraction and mortality in ischaemic heart failure. Heart 2020; 107:heartjnl-2020-316975. [PMID: 32843496 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-316975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The frequency and predictors of improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in ischaemic cardiomyopathy and its association with mortality is poorly understood. We sought to assess the predictors of LVEF improvement ≥10% and its effect on mortality. METHODS We compared characteristics of patients enrolled in The Surgical Treatment for Ischaemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial with and without improvement of LVEF ≥10% at 24 months. A logistic regression model was constructed to determine the independent predictors of LVEF improvement. A Cox proportional hazards model was created to assess the independent association of improvement in LVEF ≥10% with mortality. RESULTS Of the 1212 patients enrolled in STICH, 618 underwent echocardiographic assessment of LVEF at baseline and 24 months. Of the patients randomised to medical therapy plus coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), 58 (19%) had an improvement in LVEF >10% compared with 51 (16%) patients assigned to medical therapy alone (p=0.30). Independent predictors of LVEF improvement >10% included prior myocardial infarction (OR 0.44, 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.71, p=0.001) and lower baseline LVEF (OR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91 to 0.97, p<0.001). Improvement in LVEF >10% (HR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.84, p=0.004) and randomisation to CABG (HR 0.72, 95% CI: 0.57 to 0.90, p=0.004) were independently associated with a reduced hazard of mortality. CONCLUSIONS Improvement of LVEF ≥10% at 24 months was uncommon in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy, did not differ between patients assigned to CABG and medical therapy or medical therapy alone and was independently associated with reduced mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00023595.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Perry
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Douglas L Mann
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David L Brown
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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21
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Kim KH, She L, Lee KL, Dabrowski R, Grayburn PA, Rajda M, Prior DL, Desvigne-Nickens P, Zoghbi WA, Senni M, Stefanelli G, Beghi C, Huynh T, Velazquez EJ, Oh JK, Lin G. Incremental prognostic value of echocardiography of left ventricular remodeling and diastolic function in STICH trial. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2020; 18:17. [PMID: 32466790 PMCID: PMC7257201 DOI: 10.1186/s12947-020-00195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims We sought to determine which echocardiographic markers of left ventricular (LV) remodeling and diastolic dysfunction can contribute as incremental and independent prognostic information in addition to current clinical risk markers of ischemic LV systolic dysfunction in the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial. Methods and results The cohort consisted of 1511 of 2136 patients in STICH for whom baseline transmitral Doppler (E/A ratio) could be measured by an echocardiographic core laboratory blinded to treatment and outcomes, and prognostic value of echocardiographic variables was determined by a Cox regression model. E/A ratio was the most significant predictor of mortality amongst diastolic variables with lowest mortality for E/A closest 0.8, although mortality was consistently low for E/A 0.6 to 1.0. Mortality increased for E/A < 0.6 and > 1.0 up to approximately 2.3, beyond which there was no further increase in risk. Larger LV end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) and E/A < 0.6 and > 1.0 had incremental negative effects on mortality when added to a clinical multivariable model, where creatinine, LVESVI, age, and E/A ratio accounted for 74% of the prognostic information for predicting risk. LVESVI and E/A ratio were stronger predictors of prognosis than New York Heart Association functional class, anemia, diabetes, history of atrial fibrillation, and stroke. Conclusions Echocardiographic markers of advanced LV remodeling and diastolic dysfunction added incremental prognostic value to current clinical risk markers. LVESVI and E/A ratio outperformed other markers and should be considered as standard in assessing risks in ischemic heart failure. E/A closest to 0.8 was the most optimal filling pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hee Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sejong General Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea.,Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Echocardiography Core Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Gonda 6 South, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lilin She
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kerry L Lee
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Miroslaw Rajda
- Capital Health Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | | | | | - William A Zoghbi
- Cardiovascular Imaging Institute, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Cesare Beghi
- Ospedale di Circolo, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Thao Huynh
- Montreal General Hospital, McGill Health University Center, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Jae K Oh
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Echocardiography Core Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Gonda 6 South, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Grace Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Echocardiography Core Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Gonda 6 South, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, USA.
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22
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Stefanelli G, Bellisario A, Meli M, Chiurlia E, Barbieri A, Weltert L. Outcomes after surgical ventricular restoration for ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 163:1058-1067. [PMID: 32653287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study objective was to evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy after surgical ventricular restoration and to identify risk factors related to poor results. METHODS Between August 2002 and April 2016, 62 patients affected by ischemic cardiomyopathy underwent surgical left ventricular restoration at our unit. Patients' mean age at operation was 63 years (39-79 years). Mean ejection fraction was 29.6%. The Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure trial criteria have been used as indications for surgery. Fifty-seven patients (91%) received surgical myocardial revascularization. Mitral valve repair was performed in 39 patients (63%). The surgical technique consisted of the classic Dor operation or a different approach reducing the equatorial diameter of the left ventricle and avoiding the use of a patch. The data were analyzed retrospectively for perioperative results and short- and long-term clinical outcomes. RESULTS One patient died of noncardiac causes within 30 days (1.6%). All-cause death occurred in 36 patients (58%) during follow-up (0.6-14.7 years; median follow-up time, 7.02 years), of whom 15 died of cardiac causes. Age, need for preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump, reduction less than 35% of postoperative left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, type of surgical technique, and ejection fraction less than 25% were identified as risk factors for late cardiac mortality. Perioperative levosimendan administration and presence of preoperative moderate to severe mitral regurgitation influenced early and intermediate-term outcomes, but no statistical relevance on long-term results was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ischemic dilative cardiomyopathy have favorable short- and long-term outcomes after ventricular restoration. Age, preoperative ejection fraction less than 25%, inadequate left ventricular surgical reverse remodeling, and type of surgical technique negatively affect long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Bellisario
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, European Hospital, Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Meli
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Hesperia Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Emilio Chiurlia
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Hesperia Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbieri
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Weltert
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, European Hospital, Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
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Pleger ST, Geis N, Kreusser M, Abu-Sharar H, Sebening C, Szabo G, Katus HA, Raake PWJ. Percutaneous mitral valve repair in recurrent severe mitral valve regurgitation after mitral annuloplasty : MitraClip-in-the-ring as a complementary strategy. Herz 2019; 46:54-60. [PMID: 31773184 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-019-04868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with reduced left ventricular (LV) function undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery or/and aortic valve replacement occasionally show severe mitral valve (MV) regurgitation and thus also undergo surgical mitral annuloplasty. Over time, further deterioration of LV function and additional ischemic events cause recurrence of severe MV regurgitation due to the Carpentier IIIb morphology of the MV that is not adequately addressed by the previously implanted annuloplasty ring. METHODS Seven patients (Society of Thoracic Surgeons score: 7.5 ± 1.5%) with Carpentier type-IIIb recurrent severe MV regurgitation, having undergone prior cardiothoracic surgery (median: 40 months) including mitral annuloplasty, were treated with the MitraClip device. RESULTS MitraClip implantation resulted in significantly reduced MV regurgitation and improved New York Heart Association functional state, translating into an increased exercise capability and improved cardiac biomarkers. The morphology of the MV was adequately addressed without causing relevant MV stenosis, while the MV annulus area remained unaltered. The procedure was safe with a 30-day mortality rate of 0%. CONCLUSION MitraClip-in-the-ring is feasible and in principle safe for treating Carpentier type IIIb severe MV regurgitation after surgical MV repair using mitral annuloplasty. MitraClip-in-the-ring resulted in immediate amelioration of clinical symptoms and increased physical exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven T Pleger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Geis
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Kreusser
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Haitham Abu-Sharar
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Sebening
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, UniversityHospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabor Szabo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, UniversityHospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philip W J Raake
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Howlett JG, Stebbins A, Petrie MC, Jhund PS, Castelvecchio S, Cherniavsky A, Sueta CA, Roy A, Piña IL, Wurm R, Drazner MH, Andersson B, Batlle C, Senni M, Chrzanowski L, Merkely B, Carson P, Desvigne-Nickens PM, Lee KL, Velazquez EJ, Al-Khalidi HR. CABG Improves Outcomes in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: 10-Year Follow-Up of the STICH Trial. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2019; 7:878-887. [PMID: 31521682 PMCID: PMC7375257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The authors investigated the impact of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on first and recurrent hospitalization in this population. BACKGROUND In the STICH (Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure) trial, CABG reduced all-cause death and hospitalization in patients with and ischemic cardiomyopathy and left ventricular ejection fraction <35%. METHODS A total of 1,212 patients were randomized (610 to CABG + optimal medical therapy [CABG] and 602 to optimal medical therapy alone [MED] alone) and followed for a median of 9.8 years. All-cause and cause-specific hospitalizations were analyzed as time-to-first-event and as recurrent event analysis. RESULTS Of the 1,212 patients, 757 died (62.4%) and 732 (60.4%) were hospitalized at least once, for a total of 2,549 total all-cause hospitalizations. Most hospitalizations (66.2%) were for cardiovascular causes, of which approximately one-half (907 or 52.9%) were for heart failure. More than 70% of all hospitalizations (1,817 or 71.3%) were recurrent events. The CABG group experienced fewer all-cause hospitalizations in the time-to-first-event (349 CABG vs. 383 MED, adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74 to 0.98; p = 0.03) and in recurrent event analyses (1,199 CABG vs. 1,350 MED, HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.94; p < 0.001). This was driven by fewer total cardiovascular (CV) hospitalizations (744 vs. 968; p < 0.001, adjusted HR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.55 to 0.81; p = 0.001), the majority of which were due to HF (395 vs. 512; p < 0.001, adjusted HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52-0.89; p = 0.005). We did not observe a difference in non-CV events. CONCLUSIONS CABG reduces all-cause, CV, and HF hospitalizations in time-to-first-event and recurrent event analyses. (Comparison of Surgical and Medical Treatment for Congestive Heart Failure and Coronary Artery Disease [STICH]; NCT00023595).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Howlett
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute and University of Calgary Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Amanda Stebbins
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark C Petrie
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Pardeep S Jhund
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Serenella Castelvecchio
- Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander Cherniavsky
- E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Carla A Sueta
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ambuj Roy
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ileana L Piña
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York City, New York
| | | | - Mark H Drazner
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Bert Andersson
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Carmen Batlle
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular Uruguayo Casa De Galicia, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | - Bela Merkely
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Patrice M Desvigne-Nickens
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kerry L Lee
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Eric J Velazquez
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hussein R Al-Khalidi
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Durham, North Carolina
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Does prior coronary angioplasty affect outcomes of surgical coronary revascularization? Insights from the STICH trial. Int J Cardiol 2019; 291:36-41. [PMID: 30929973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The STICH trial showed superiority of coronary artery bypass plus medical treatment (CABG) over medical treatment alone (MED) in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35%. In previous publications, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) prior to CABG was associated with worse prognosis. OBJECTIVES The main purpose of this study was to analyse if prior PCI influenced outcomes in STICH. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients in the STICH trial (n = 1212), followed for a median time of 9.8 years, were included in the present analyses. In the total population, 156 had a prior PCI (74 and 82, respectively, in the MED and CABG groups). In those with vs. without prior PCI, the adjusted hazard-ratios (aHRs) were 0.92 (95% CI = 0.74-1.15) for all-cause mortality, 0.85 (95% CI = 0.64-1.11) for CV mortality, and 1.43 (95% CI = 1.15-1.77) for CV hospitalization. In the group randomized to CABG without prior PCI, the aHRs were 0.82 (95% CI = 0.70-0.95) for all-cause mortality, 0.75 (95% CI = 0.62-0.90) for CV mortality and 0.67 (95% CI = 0.56-0.80) for CV hospitalization. In the group randomized to CABG with prior PCI, the aHRs were 0.76 (95% CI = 0.50-1.15) for all-cause mortality, 0.81 (95% CI = 0.49-1.36) for CV mortality and 0.61 (95% CI = 0.41-0.90) for CV hospitalization. There was no evidence of interaction between randomized treatment and prior PCI for any endpoint (all adjusted p > 0.05). CONCLUSION In the STICH trial, prior PCI did not affect the outcomes of patients whether they were treated medically or surgically, and the superiority of CABG over MED remained unchanged regardless of prior PCI. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov; Identifier: NCT00023595.
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26
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Panza JA, Ellis AM, Al-Khalidi HR, Holly TA, Berman DS, Oh JK, Pohost GM, Sopko G, Chrzanowski L, Mark DB, Kukulski T, Favaloro LE, Maurer G, Farsky PS, Tan RS, Asch FM, Velazquez EJ, Rouleau JL, Lee KL, Bonow RO. Myocardial Viability and Long-Term Outcomes in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:739-748. [PMID: 31433921 PMCID: PMC6814246 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1807365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of assessment of myocardial viability in identifying patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy who might benefit from surgical revascularization remains controversial. Furthermore, although improvement in left ventricular function is one of the goals of revascularization, its relationship to subsequent outcomes is unclear. METHODS Among 601 patients who had coronary artery disease that was amenable to coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) and who had a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35% or lower, we prospectively assessed myocardial viability using single-photon-emission computed tomography, dobutamine echocardiography, or both. Patients were randomly assigned to undergo CABG and receive medical therapy or to receive medical therapy alone. Left ventricular ejection fraction was measured at baseline and after 4 months of follow-up in 318 patients. The primary end point was death from any cause. The median duration of follow-up was 10.4 years. RESULTS CABG plus medical therapy was associated with a lower incidence of death from any cause than medical therapy alone (182 deaths among 298 patients in the CABG group vs. 209 deaths among 303 patients in the medical-therapy group; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.60 to 0.90). However, no significant interaction was observed between the presence or absence of myocardial viability and the beneficial effect of CABG plus medical therapy over medical therapy alone (P = 0.34 for interaction). An increase in left ventricular ejection fraction was observed only among patients with myocardial viability, irrespective of treatment assignment. There was no association between changes in left ventricular ejection fraction and subsequent death. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study do not support the concept that myocardial viability is associated with a long-term benefit of CABG in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. The presence of viable myocardium was associated with improvement in left ventricular systolic function, irrespective of treatment, but such improvement was not related to long-term survival. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health; STICH ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00023595.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Panza
- From Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (A.M.E., H.R.A.-K., D.B.M., K.L.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago (T.A.H., R.O.B.); Cedars Sinai Medical Center (D.S.B.) and the University of Southern California (G.M.P.), Los Angeles; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (L.C.), and Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze (T.K.) - both in Poland; University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires (L.E.F.); Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (G.M.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (P.S.F.); National Heart Center, Singapore (R.-S.T.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (F.M.A.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (E.J.V.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Alicia M Ellis
- From Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (A.M.E., H.R.A.-K., D.B.M., K.L.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago (T.A.H., R.O.B.); Cedars Sinai Medical Center (D.S.B.) and the University of Southern California (G.M.P.), Los Angeles; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (L.C.), and Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze (T.K.) - both in Poland; University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires (L.E.F.); Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (G.M.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (P.S.F.); National Heart Center, Singapore (R.-S.T.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (F.M.A.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (E.J.V.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Hussein R Al-Khalidi
- From Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (A.M.E., H.R.A.-K., D.B.M., K.L.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago (T.A.H., R.O.B.); Cedars Sinai Medical Center (D.S.B.) and the University of Southern California (G.M.P.), Los Angeles; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (L.C.), and Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze (T.K.) - both in Poland; University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires (L.E.F.); Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (G.M.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (P.S.F.); National Heart Center, Singapore (R.-S.T.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (F.M.A.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (E.J.V.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Thomas A Holly
- From Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (A.M.E., H.R.A.-K., D.B.M., K.L.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago (T.A.H., R.O.B.); Cedars Sinai Medical Center (D.S.B.) and the University of Southern California (G.M.P.), Los Angeles; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (L.C.), and Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze (T.K.) - both in Poland; University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires (L.E.F.); Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (G.M.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (P.S.F.); National Heart Center, Singapore (R.-S.T.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (F.M.A.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (E.J.V.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Daniel S Berman
- From Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (A.M.E., H.R.A.-K., D.B.M., K.L.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago (T.A.H., R.O.B.); Cedars Sinai Medical Center (D.S.B.) and the University of Southern California (G.M.P.), Los Angeles; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (L.C.), and Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze (T.K.) - both in Poland; University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires (L.E.F.); Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (G.M.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (P.S.F.); National Heart Center, Singapore (R.-S.T.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (F.M.A.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (E.J.V.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Jae K Oh
- From Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (A.M.E., H.R.A.-K., D.B.M., K.L.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago (T.A.H., R.O.B.); Cedars Sinai Medical Center (D.S.B.) and the University of Southern California (G.M.P.), Los Angeles; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (L.C.), and Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze (T.K.) - both in Poland; University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires (L.E.F.); Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (G.M.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (P.S.F.); National Heart Center, Singapore (R.-S.T.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (F.M.A.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (E.J.V.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Gerald M Pohost
- From Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (A.M.E., H.R.A.-K., D.B.M., K.L.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago (T.A.H., R.O.B.); Cedars Sinai Medical Center (D.S.B.) and the University of Southern California (G.M.P.), Los Angeles; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (L.C.), and Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze (T.K.) - both in Poland; University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires (L.E.F.); Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (G.M.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (P.S.F.); National Heart Center, Singapore (R.-S.T.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (F.M.A.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (E.J.V.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - George Sopko
- From Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (A.M.E., H.R.A.-K., D.B.M., K.L.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago (T.A.H., R.O.B.); Cedars Sinai Medical Center (D.S.B.) and the University of Southern California (G.M.P.), Los Angeles; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (L.C.), and Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze (T.K.) - both in Poland; University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires (L.E.F.); Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (G.M.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (P.S.F.); National Heart Center, Singapore (R.-S.T.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (F.M.A.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (E.J.V.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Lukasz Chrzanowski
- From Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (A.M.E., H.R.A.-K., D.B.M., K.L.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago (T.A.H., R.O.B.); Cedars Sinai Medical Center (D.S.B.) and the University of Southern California (G.M.P.), Los Angeles; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (L.C.), and Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze (T.K.) - both in Poland; University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires (L.E.F.); Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (G.M.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (P.S.F.); National Heart Center, Singapore (R.-S.T.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (F.M.A.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (E.J.V.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Daniel B Mark
- From Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (A.M.E., H.R.A.-K., D.B.M., K.L.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago (T.A.H., R.O.B.); Cedars Sinai Medical Center (D.S.B.) and the University of Southern California (G.M.P.), Los Angeles; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (L.C.), and Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze (T.K.) - both in Poland; University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires (L.E.F.); Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (G.M.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (P.S.F.); National Heart Center, Singapore (R.-S.T.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (F.M.A.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (E.J.V.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Tomasz Kukulski
- From Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (A.M.E., H.R.A.-K., D.B.M., K.L.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago (T.A.H., R.O.B.); Cedars Sinai Medical Center (D.S.B.) and the University of Southern California (G.M.P.), Los Angeles; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (L.C.), and Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze (T.K.) - both in Poland; University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires (L.E.F.); Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (G.M.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (P.S.F.); National Heart Center, Singapore (R.-S.T.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (F.M.A.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (E.J.V.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Liliana E Favaloro
- From Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (A.M.E., H.R.A.-K., D.B.M., K.L.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago (T.A.H., R.O.B.); Cedars Sinai Medical Center (D.S.B.) and the University of Southern California (G.M.P.), Los Angeles; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (L.C.), and Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze (T.K.) - both in Poland; University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires (L.E.F.); Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (G.M.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (P.S.F.); National Heart Center, Singapore (R.-S.T.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (F.M.A.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (E.J.V.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Gerald Maurer
- From Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (A.M.E., H.R.A.-K., D.B.M., K.L.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago (T.A.H., R.O.B.); Cedars Sinai Medical Center (D.S.B.) and the University of Southern California (G.M.P.), Los Angeles; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (L.C.), and Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze (T.K.) - both in Poland; University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires (L.E.F.); Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (G.M.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (P.S.F.); National Heart Center, Singapore (R.-S.T.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (F.M.A.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (E.J.V.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Pedro S Farsky
- From Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (A.M.E., H.R.A.-K., D.B.M., K.L.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago (T.A.H., R.O.B.); Cedars Sinai Medical Center (D.S.B.) and the University of Southern California (G.M.P.), Los Angeles; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (L.C.), and Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze (T.K.) - both in Poland; University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires (L.E.F.); Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (G.M.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (P.S.F.); National Heart Center, Singapore (R.-S.T.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (F.M.A.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (E.J.V.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Ru-San Tan
- From Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (A.M.E., H.R.A.-K., D.B.M., K.L.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago (T.A.H., R.O.B.); Cedars Sinai Medical Center (D.S.B.) and the University of Southern California (G.M.P.), Los Angeles; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (L.C.), and Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze (T.K.) - both in Poland; University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires (L.E.F.); Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (G.M.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (P.S.F.); National Heart Center, Singapore (R.-S.T.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (F.M.A.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (E.J.V.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Federico M Asch
- From Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (A.M.E., H.R.A.-K., D.B.M., K.L.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago (T.A.H., R.O.B.); Cedars Sinai Medical Center (D.S.B.) and the University of Southern California (G.M.P.), Los Angeles; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (L.C.), and Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze (T.K.) - both in Poland; University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires (L.E.F.); Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (G.M.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (P.S.F.); National Heart Center, Singapore (R.-S.T.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (F.M.A.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (E.J.V.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Eric J Velazquez
- From Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (A.M.E., H.R.A.-K., D.B.M., K.L.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago (T.A.H., R.O.B.); Cedars Sinai Medical Center (D.S.B.) and the University of Southern California (G.M.P.), Los Angeles; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (L.C.), and Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze (T.K.) - both in Poland; University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires (L.E.F.); Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (G.M.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (P.S.F.); National Heart Center, Singapore (R.-S.T.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (F.M.A.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (E.J.V.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Jean L Rouleau
- From Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (A.M.E., H.R.A.-K., D.B.M., K.L.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago (T.A.H., R.O.B.); Cedars Sinai Medical Center (D.S.B.) and the University of Southern California (G.M.P.), Los Angeles; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (L.C.), and Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze (T.K.) - both in Poland; University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires (L.E.F.); Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (G.M.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (P.S.F.); National Heart Center, Singapore (R.-S.T.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (F.M.A.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (E.J.V.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Kerry L Lee
- From Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (A.M.E., H.R.A.-K., D.B.M., K.L.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago (T.A.H., R.O.B.); Cedars Sinai Medical Center (D.S.B.) and the University of Southern California (G.M.P.), Los Angeles; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (L.C.), and Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze (T.K.) - both in Poland; University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires (L.E.F.); Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (G.M.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (P.S.F.); National Heart Center, Singapore (R.-S.T.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (F.M.A.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (E.J.V.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Robert O Bonow
- From Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (A.M.E., H.R.A.-K., D.B.M., K.L.L.); Northwestern University, Chicago (T.A.H., R.O.B.); Cedars Sinai Medical Center (D.S.B.) and the University of Southern California (G.M.P.), Los Angeles; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (L.C.), and Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze (T.K.) - both in Poland; University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires (L.E.F.); Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (G.M.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (P.S.F.); National Heart Center, Singapore (R.-S.T.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (F.M.A.); Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (E.J.V.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
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27
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Bouabdallaoui N, Stevens SR, Doenst T, Petrie MC, Al-Attar N, Ali IS, Ambrosy AP, Barton AK, Cartier R, Cherniavsky A, Demondion P, Desvigne-Nickens P, Favaloro RR, Gradinac S, Heinisch P, Jain A, Jasinski M, Jouan J, Kalil RAK, Menicanti L, Michler RE, Rao V, Smith PK, Zembala M, Velazquez EJ, Al-Khalidi HR, Rouleau JL. Society of Thoracic Surgeons Risk Score and EuroSCORE-2 Appropriately Assess 30-Day Postoperative Mortality in the STICH Trial and a Contemporary Cohort of Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction Undergoing Surgical Revascularization. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 11:e005531. [PMID: 30571194 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.118.005531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The STICH trial (Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure) demonstrated a survival benefit of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and left ventricular dysfunction. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) risk score and the EuroSCORE-2 (ES2) are used for risk assessment in cardiac surgery, with little information available about their accuracy in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. We assessed the ability of the STS score and ES2 to evaluate 30-day postoperative mortality risk in STICH and a contemporary cohort (CC) of patients with a left ventricle ejection fraction ≤35% undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting outside of a trial setting. METHODS AND RESULTS The STS and ES2 scores were calculated for 814 STICH patients and 1246 consecutive patients in a CC. There were marked variations in 30-day postoperative mortality risk from 1 patient to another. The STS scores consistently calculated lower risk scores than ES2 (1.5 versus 2.9 for the CC and 0.9 versus 2.4 for the STICH cohort), and underestimated postoperative mortality risk. The STS and ES2 scores had moderately good C statistics: CC (0.727, 95% CI: 0.650-0.803 for STS, and 0.707, 95% CI: 0.620-0.795 for ES2); STICH (0.744, 95% CI: 0.677-0.812, for STS and 0.736, 95% CI: 0.665-0.808 for ES2). Despite the CC patients having higher STS and ES2 scores than STICH patients, mortality (3.5%) was lower than that of STICH (4.8%), suggesting a possible decrease in postoperative mortality over the past decade. CONCLUSIONS The 30-day postoperative mortality risk of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with left ventricular dysfunction varies markedly. Both the STS and ES2 score are effective in evaluating risk, although the STS score tend to underestimate risk. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00023595.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bouabdallaoui
- Departments of Medicine, ontreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Canada (N.B., J.L.R.)
| | - Susanna R Stevens
- M. Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC. (S.R.S.)
| | - Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany (T.D., P.H.)
| | - Mark C Petrie
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.)
- Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P., N.A.-A, A.K.B.)
| | - Nawwar Al-Attar
- Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P., N.A.-A, A.K.B.)
| | - Imtiaz S Ali
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin CV Institute, University of Calgary, Canada (I.S.A.)
| | - Andrew P Ambrosy
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC. (A.P.A., E.J.V.)
| | - Anna K Barton
- Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P., N.A.-A, A.K.B.)
| | - Raymond Cartier
- Cardiac Surgery, ontreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Canada (R.C.)
| | | | - Pierre Demondion
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, La Pitié Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, France (P.D.)
| | | | - Robert R Favaloro
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina (R.R.F.)
| | - Sinisa Gradinac
- Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Serbia (S.G.)
| | - Petra Heinisch
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany (T.D., P.H.)
| | - Anil Jain
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, SAL Hospital and Medical Institute, Ahmedabad, India (A.J.)
| | - Marek Jasinski
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland (M.J.)
| | - Jerome Jouan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Georges Pompidou European Hospital and University Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, France (J.J.)
| | - Renato A K Kalil
- Postgraduate Program, Instituto de Cardiologia/FUC and UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil (R.A.K.K.)
| | - Lorenzo Menicanti
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy (L.M.)
| | - Robert E Michler
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY (R.E.M.)
| | - Vivek Rao
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (V.R.)
| | - Peter K Smith
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC. (P.K.S.)
| | - Marian Zembala
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland (M.Z.)
| | - Eric J Velazquez
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC. (A.P.A., E.J.V.)
| | - Hussein R Al-Khalidi
- Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC. (H.R.A.-K.)
| | - Jean L Rouleau
- Departments of Medicine, ontreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Canada (N.B., J.L.R.)
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28
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Pai RG, Varadarajan P, Rouleau JL, Stebbins AL, Velazquez EJ, Al-Khalidi HR, Pohost GM. Value of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Derived Baseline Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Volumes for Precise Risk Stratification of Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Insights From the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) Trial. JAMA Cardiol 2019; 2:577-579. [PMID: 28199489 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.5492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramdas G Pai
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside
| | - Padmini Varadarajan
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Jean L Rouleau
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Montréal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Eric J Velazquez
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hussein R Al-Khalidi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gerald M Pohost
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham8University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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29
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Piña IL, Zheng Q, She L, Szwed H, Lang IM, Farsky PS, Castelvecchio S, Biernat J, Paraforos A, Kosevic D, Favaloro LE, Nicolau JC, Varadarajan P, Velazquez EJ, Pai RG, Cyrille N, Lee KL, Desvigne-Nickens P. Sex Difference in Patients With Ischemic Heart Failure Undergoing Surgical Revascularization: Results From the STICH Trial (Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure). Circulation 2019; 137:771-780. [PMID: 29459462 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female sex is conventionally considered a risk factor for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and has been included as a poor prognostic factor in multiple cardiac operative risk evaluation scores. We aimed to investigate the association of sex and the long-term benefit of CABG in patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction enrolled in the prospective STICH trial (Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure Study). METHODS The STICH trial randomized 1212 patients (148 [12%] women and 1064 [88%] men) with coronary artery disease and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% to CABG+medical therapy (MED) versus MED alone. Long-term (10-year) outcomes with each treatment were compared according to sex. RESULTS At baseline, women were older (63.4 versus 59.3 years; P=0.016) with higher body mass index (27.9 versus 26.7 kg/m2; P=0.001). Women had more coronary artery disease risk factors (diabetes mellitus, 55.4% versus 37.2%; hypertension, 70.9% versus 58.6%; hyperlipidemia, 70.3% versus 58.9%) except for smoking (13.5% versus 21.8%) and had lower rates of prior CABG (0% versus 3.4%; all P<0.05) than men. Moreover, women had higher New York Heart Association class (class III/IV, 66.2% versus 57.0%), lower 6-minute walk capacity (300 versus 350 m), and lower Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary scores (51 versus 63; all P<0.05). Over 10 years of follow-up, all-cause mortality (49.0% versus 65.8%; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.86; P=0.002) and cardiovascular mortality (34.3% versus 52.3%; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.89; P=0.006) were significantly lower in women compared with men. With randomization to CABG+MED versus MED treatment, there was no significant interaction between sex and treatment group in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, or the composite of all-cause mortality or cardiovascular hospitalization (all P>0.05). In addition, surgical deaths were not statistically different (1.5% versus 5.1%; P=0.187) between sexes among patients randomized to CABG per protocol as initial treatment. CONCLUSIONS Sex is not associated with the effect of CABG+MED versus MED on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, the composite of death or cardiovascular hospitalization, or surgical deaths in patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Thus, sex should not influence treatment decisions about CABG in these patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00023595.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana L Piña
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY (I.L.P., Q.Z., N.C.)
| | - Qi Zheng
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY (I.L.P., Q.Z., N.C.)
| | - Lilin She
- Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S.)
| | - Hanna Szwed
- National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (H.S.)
| | | | - Pedro S Farsky
- Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, Sao Paulo, Brazil (P.S.F.)
| | - Serenella Castelvecchio
- Istituti di Ricovero e cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy (S.C.)
| | | | | | | | - Liliana E Favaloro
- University Hospital Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina (L.E.F.)
| | - José C Nicolau
- Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Brazil (J.C.N.)
| | - Padmini Varadarajan
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of California-Riverside School of Medicine (P.V., R.G.P.)
| | - Eric J Velazquez
- Medicine (E.J.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Ramdas G Pai
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of California-Riverside School of Medicine (P.V., R.G.P.)
| | - Nicole Cyrille
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY (I.L.P., Q.Z., N.C.)
| | - Kerry L Lee
- Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L.)
| | - Patrice Desvigne-Nickens
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N.)
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30
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Ambrosy AP, Stevens SR, Al-Khalidi HR, Rouleau JL, Bouabdallaoui N, Carson PE, Adlbrecht C, Cleland JGF, Dabrowski R, Golba KS, Pina IL, Sueta CA, Roy A, Sopko G, Bonow RO, Velazquez EJ. Burden of medical co-morbidities and benefit from surgical revascularization in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; 21:373-381. [PMID: 30698316 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The landmark STICH trial found that surgical revascularization compared to medical therapy alone improved survival in patients with heart failure (HF) of ischaemic aetiology and an ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 35%. However, the interaction between the burden of medical co-morbidities and the benefit from surgical revascularization has not been previously described in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS The STICH trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00023595) enrolled patients ≥ 18 years of age with coronary artery disease amenable to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and an EF ≤ 35%. Eligible participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive medical therapy (MED) (n = 602) or MED/CABG (n = 610). A modified Charlson co-morbidity index (CCI) based on the availability of data and study definitions was calculated by summing the weighted points for all co-morbid conditions. Patients were divided into mild/moderate (CCI 1-4) and severe (CCI ≥ 5) co-morbidity. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between CCI and outcomes and the interaction between severity of co-morbidity and treatment effect. The study population included 349 patients (29%) with a mild/moderate CCI score and 863 patients (71%) with a severe CCI score. Patients with a severe CCI score had greater functional limitations based on 6-min walk test and impairments in health-related quality of life as assessed by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire. A total of 161 patients (Kaplan-Meier rate = 50%) with a mild/moderate CCI score and 579 patients (Kaplan-Meier rate = 69%) with a severe CCI score died over a median follow-up of 9.8 years. After adjusting for baseline confounders, patients with a severe CCI score were at higher risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.44, 95% confidence interval 1.19-1.74; P < 0.001). There was no interaction between CCI score and treatment effect on survival (P = 0.756). CONCLUSIONS More than 70% of patients had a severe burden of medical co-morbidities at baseline, which was independently associated with increased risk of death. There was not a differential benefit of surgical revascularization with respect to survival based on severity of co-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Ambrosy
- Division of Cardiology, The Permanente Medical Group, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Susanna R Stevens
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hussein R Al-Khalidi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jean L Rouleau
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Peter E Carson
- Department of Cardiology, Washington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christopher Adlbrecht
- 4th Medical Department, Karl Landsteiner Institute for Cardiovascular and Critical Care Research, Hietzing Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - John G F Cleland
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Rafal Dabrowski
- 2nd Department of Coronary Artery Disease, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof S Golba
- Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ileana L Pina
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carla A Sueta
- Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ambuj Roy
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - George Sopko
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert O Bonow
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eric J Velazquez
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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31
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Tsang MYC, She L, Miller FA, Choi JO, Michler RE, Grayburn PA, Bonow RO, Menicanti L, Deja MA, Castelvecchio S, Rao V, Smith PK, Kukulski T, Sopko G, Prior DL, Velazquez EJ, Lee KL, Oh JK. Differential Impact of Mitral Valve Repair on Outcome of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting With or Without Surgical Ventricular Reconstruction in the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) Trial. STRUCTURAL HEART-THE JOURNAL OF THE HEART TEAM 2019; 3:302-308. [PMID: 32984753 DOI: 10.1080/24748706.2019.1610201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background This study examined the impact of mitral valve repair (MVRe) on survival of patients with moderate or severe (≥2+) MR and ischemic cardiomyopathy randomized to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) versus CABG+surgical ventricular reconstruction (SVR) in the STICH trial. Methods Among patients with moderate or severe MR and ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoing CABG or CABG+SVR, the impact of MVRe on mortality between the two treatment arms was compared. Results Among 867 patients with assessment of baseline MR severity, 211 had moderate or severe MR. After excluding 7 patients who underwent mitral valve replacement, 50, 44, 62, and 48 patients underwent CABG, CABG+MVRe, CABG+SVR, and CABG+SVR+MVRe, respectively. Four-year mortality rates were lower following CABG+MVRe than CABG alone (16% vs. 55%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.30; 95% CI 0.13-0.71). In contrast, the CABG+SVR+MVRe and CABG+SVR groups had similar 4-year mortality of 39% vs. 39% (adjusted HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.46-1.70). MVRe had a more favorable effect on survival in patients undergoing CABG alone compared to CABG+SVR (p=0.013). Baseline MR severity was similar between patients that received CABG+MVRe and those that underwent CABG+SVR+MVRe. A larger proportion of patients demonstrated a reduction in MR between 4 and 24 months after CABG+MVRe compared to CABG+SVR+MVRe (50.0% versus 25.0%, p=0.023). Conclusion In patients with moderate or severe MR and ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoing CABG, MVRe appears to have a favorable effect on survival. The addition of SVR to CABG may attenuate the anticipated benefits of MVRe by limiting the long-term reduction of MR with MVRe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y C Tsang
- Echocardiography Core Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Lilin She
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Departments of Surgery (PKS), Medicine (EJV), and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (KLL), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Fletcher A Miller
- Echocardiography Core Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jin-Oh Choi
- Echocardiography Core Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Robert E Michler
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Paul A Grayburn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Section, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert O Bonow
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Vivek Rao
- Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter K Smith
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Departments of Surgery (PKS), Medicine (EJV), and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (KLL), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tomasz Kukulski
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Disease and Electrotherapy, Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - George Sopko
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David L Prior
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eric J Velazquez
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Hew Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kerry L Lee
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Departments of Surgery (PKS), Medicine (EJV), and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (KLL), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jae K Oh
- Echocardiography Core Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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32
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Crestanello JA, Daly RC. The Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure trial: A landmark study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 157:958-959. [PMID: 30503740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard C Daly
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
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Margaryan R, Murzi M. Both sexes should be treated equally: sex difference in patients with ischemic heart failure undergoing surgical revascularization. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S3153-S3154. [PMID: 30370102 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.08.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafik Margaryan
- Department of Adult Cardiac Surgery, Ospedale Del Cuore Fondazione Toscana 'G Monasterio', Massa, Italy
| | - Michele Murzi
- Department of Adult Cardiac Surgery, Ospedale Del Cuore Fondazione Toscana 'G Monasterio', Massa, Italy
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Michler RE. A decade after the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial: Weaving firm clinical recommendations from lessons learned. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 157:950-957. [PMID: 30366751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Michler
- Departments of Surgery and Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY.
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35
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Iribarne A, DiScipio AW, Leavitt BJ, Baribeau YR, McCullough JN, Weldner PW, Huang YL, Robich MP, Clough RA, Sardella GL, Olmstead EM, Malenka DJ. Comparative effectiveness of coronary artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention in a real-world Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure trial population. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 156:1410-1421.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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36
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Pellikka PA, She L, Holly TA, Lin G, Varadarajan P, Pai RG, Bonow RO, Pohost GM, Panza JA, Berman DS, Prior DL, Asch FM, Borges-Neto S, Grayburn P, Al-Khalidi HR, Miszalski-Jamka K, Desvigne-Nickens P, Lee KL, Velazquez EJ, Oh JK. Variability in Ejection Fraction Measured By Echocardiography, Gated Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography, and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Left Ventricular Dysfunction. JAMA Netw Open 2018; 1:e181456. [PMID: 30646130 PMCID: PMC6324278 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Clinical decisions are frequently based on measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Limited information exists regarding inconsistencies in LVEF measurements when determined by various imaging modalities and the potential impact of such variability. OBJECTIVE To determine the intermodality variability of LVEF measured by echocardiography, gated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS International multicenter diagnostic study with LVEF imaging performed at 127 clinical sites in 26 countries from July 24, 2002, to May 5, 2007, and measured by core laboratories. Secondary study of clinical diagnostic measurements of LVEF in the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH), a randomized trial to identify the optimal treatment strategy for patients with LVEF of 35% or less and coronary artery disease. Data analysis was conducted from March 19, 2016, to May 29, 2018. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES At baseline, most patients had an echocardiogram and subsets of patients underwent SPECT and/or CMR. Left ventricular ejection fraction was measured by a core laboratory for each modality independent of the results of other modalities, and measurements were compared among imaging methods using correlation, Bland-Altman plots, and coverage probability methods. Association of LVEF by each method and death was assessed. RESULTS A total of 2032 patients (mean [SD] age, 60.9 [9.6] years; 1759 [86.6%] male) with baseline LVEF data were included. Correlation of LVEF between modalities was r = 0.601 (for biplane echocardiography and SPECT [n = 385]), r = 0.493 (for biplane echocardiography and CMR [n = 204]), and r = 0.660 (for CMR and SPECT [n = 134]). Bland-Altman plots showed only moderate agreement in LVEF measurements from all 3 core laboratories with no substantial overestimation or underestimation of LVEF by any modality. The percentage of observations that fell within a range of 5% ranged from 43% to 54% between different imaging modalities. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this international multicenter study of patients with coronary artery disease and reduced LVEF, there was substantial variation between modalities in LVEF determination by core laboratories. This variability should be considered in clinical management and trial design. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00023595.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilin She
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas A. Holly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Grace Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Padmini Varadarajan
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Cardiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Ramdas G. Pai
- Department of Medicine, Riverside School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside
- Department of Cardiology, Riverside School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside
| | - Robert O. Bonow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gerald M. Pohost
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Cardiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Julio A. Panza
- Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla
| | | | - David L. Prior
- Department of Cardiology, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Federico M. Asch
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
| | - Salvador Borges-Neto
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Paul Grayburn
- Cardiology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Hussein R. Al-Khalidi
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Karol Miszalski-Jamka
- Division of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Patrice Desvigne-Nickens
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kerry L. Lee
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Eric J. Velazquez
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jae K. Oh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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37
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Attaran S, Weintraub WS, Thourani VH. Multivessel coronary artery disease and poor left ventricle function: It is consistent and clear, coronary artery bypass grafting wins again. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 156:1406-1407. [PMID: 29910104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saina Attaran
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - William S Weintraub
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Vinod H Thourani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
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38
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Martin AK, Renew JR, Ramakrishna H. Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Survival is Related to the Duration of Postoperative Intubation: Continued Insights From the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) Trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018; 32:1264-1265. [PMID: 29580795 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Archer Kilbourne Martin
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anesthesiology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - J Ross Renew
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anesthesiology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Harish Ramakrishna
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anesthesiology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
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39
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Stewart RAH, Szalewska D, Stebbins A, Al-Khalidi HR, Cleland JGH, Rynkiewicz A, Drazner MH, White HD, Mark DB, Roy A, Kosevic D, Rajda M, Jasinski M, Leng CY, Tungsubutra W, Desvigne-Nickens P, Velazquez EJ, Petrie MC. Six-minute walk distance after coronary artery bypass grafting compared with medical therapy in ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Open Heart 2018. [PMID: 29531766 PMCID: PMC5845417 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2017-000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In patients with ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction, coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) may decrease mortality, but it is not known whether CABG improves functional capacity. Objective To determine whether CABG compared with medical therapy alone (MED) increases 6 min walk distance in patients with ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction and coronary artery disease amenable to revascularisation. Methods The Surgical Treatment in Ischemic Heart disease trial randomised 1212 patients with ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction to CABG or MED. A 6 min walk distance test was performed both at baseline and at least one follow-up assessment at 4, 12, 24 and/or 36 months in 409 patients randomised to CABG and 466 to MED. Change in 6 min walk distance between baseline and follow-up were compared by treatment allocation. Results 6 min walk distance at baseline for CABG was mean 340±117 m and for MED 339±118 m. Change in walk distance from baseline was similar for CABG and MED groups at 4 months (mean +38 vs +28 m), 12 months (+47 vs +36 m), 24 months (+31 vs +34 m) and 36 months (-7 vs +7 m), P>0.10 for all. Change in walk distance between CABG and MED groups over all assessments was also similar after adjusting for covariates and imputation for missing values (+8 m, 95% CI -7 to 23 m, P=0.29). Results were consistent for subgroups defined by angina, New York Heart Association class ≥3, left ventricular ejection fraction, baseline walk distance and geographic region. Conclusion In patients with ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction CABG compared with MED alone is known to reduce mortality but is unlikely to result in a clinically significant improvement in functional capacity. Trial registration number NCT00023595.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph A H Stewart
- Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital and University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Amanda Stebbins
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (HRA), Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hussein R Al-Khalidi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (HRA), Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - John G H Cleland
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Andrzej Rynkiewicz
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiosurgery, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mark H Drazner
- Department of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Harvey D White
- Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital and University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel B Mark
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (HRA), Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ambuj Roy
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dragana Kosevic
- Department of Cardiology, Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslaw Rajda
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - Marek Jasinski
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Chua Yeow Leng
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Eric J Velazquez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (HRA), Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark C Petrie
- Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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40
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Bouabdallaoui N, Stevens SR, Doenst T, Wrobel K, Bouchard D, Deja MA, Michler RE, Chua YL, Kalil RAK, Selzman CH, Daly RC, Sun B, Djokovic LT, Sopko G, Velazquez EJ, Rouleau JL, Lee KL, Al-Khalidi HR. Impact of Intubation Time on Survival following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Insights from the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) Trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018; 32:1256-1263. [PMID: 29422280 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors aimed to assess determinants of intubation time and evaluate its impact on 30-day and 1-year postoperative survival in Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial patients. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used among the 1,446 surgical patients from the STICH trial who survived 36 hours after operation, in order to identify perioperative factors associated with 30-day and 1-year postoperative mortality. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine risk factors associated with intubation time. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS At 36 hours post-operation, 1,298 (out of 1,446) were extubated and 148 (10.2%) still intubated. Median postoperative intubation time was 11.4 hours. Among patients surviving 36 hours, a multivariable model was developed to predict 30-day (c-index = 0.88) and 1-year (c-index = 0.78) mortality. Intubation time was the strongest independent predictor of 30-day (hazard ratio [HR] 5.50) and 1-year mortality (HR 3.69). Predictors of intubation time >36 hours included mitral valve procedure, New York Heart Association class, left ventricular systolic volume index, creatinine, previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and age. Results were similar in patients surviving 24 hours post-operation, where intubation time was also the strongest predictor of 30-day (HR 4.18, c-index 0.87) and 1-year (HR 2.81, c-index 0.78) mortality. CONCLUSIONS Intubation time is the strongest predictor of 30-day and 1-year mortality among patients with ischemic heart failure undergoing CABG. Combining intubation time with other mortality risk factors may allow the identification of patients at the highest risk for whom the development of specific strategies may improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bouabdallaoui
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Susanna R Stevens
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Wrobel
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medicover Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Denis Bouchard
- Department of Surgery, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marek A Deja
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Robert E Michler
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Renato A K Kalil
- Postgraduate Program, Instituto de Cardiologia/FUC and UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Craig H Selzman
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Richard C Daly
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Benjamin Sun
- The Minneapolis Heart Institute, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - George Sopko
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Eric J Velazquez
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Jean L Rouleau
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kerry L Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Hussein R Al-Khalidi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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Ezekowitz JA, O'Meara E, McDonald MA, Abrams H, Chan M, Ducharme A, Giannetti N, Grzeslo A, Hamilton PG, Heckman GA, Howlett JG, Koshman SL, Lepage S, McKelvie RS, Moe GW, Rajda M, Swiggum E, Virani SA, Zieroth S, Al-Hesayen A, Cohen-Solal A, D'Astous M, De S, Estrella-Holder E, Fremes S, Green L, Haddad H, Harkness K, Hernandez AF, Kouz S, LeBlanc MH, Masoudi FA, Ross HJ, Roussin A, Sussex B. 2017 Comprehensive Update of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Management of Heart Failure. Can J Cardiol 2017; 33:1342-1433. [PMID: 29111106 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the inception of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society heart failure (HF) guidelines in 2006, much has changed in the care for patients with HF. Over the past decade, the HF Guidelines Committee has published regular updates. However, because of the major changes that have occurred, the Guidelines Committee believes that a comprehensive reassessment of the HF management recommendations is presently needed, with a view to producing a full and complete set of updated guidelines. The primary and secondary Canadian Cardiovascular Society HF panel members as well as external experts have reviewed clinically relevant literature to provide guidance for the practicing clinician. The 2017 HF guidelines provide updated guidance on the diagnosis and management (self-care, pharmacologic, nonpharmacologic, device, and referral) that should aid in day-to-day decisions for caring for patients with HF. Among specific issues covered are risk scores, the differences in management for HF with preserved vs reduced ejection fraction, exercise and rehabilitation, implantable devices, revascularization, right ventricular dysfunction, anemia, and iron deficiency, cardiorenal syndrome, sleep apnea, cardiomyopathies, HF in pregnancy, cardio-oncology, and myocarditis. We devoted attention to strategies and treatments to prevent HF, to the organization of HF care, comorbidity management, as well as practical issues around the timing of referral and follow-up care. Recognition and treatment of advanced HF is another important aspect of this update, including how to select advanced therapies as well as end of life considerations. Finally, we acknowledge the remaining gaps in evidence that need to be filled by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eileen O'Meara
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Michael Chan
- Edmonton Cardiology Consultants, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anique Ducharme
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Adam Grzeslo
- Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Serge Lepage
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Miroslaw Rajda
- QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Sean A Virani
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Sabe De
- London Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Stephen Fremes
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lee Green
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Haissam Haddad
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Karen Harkness
- Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Simon Kouz
- Centre Hospitalier Régional de Lanaudière, Joliette, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Andre Roussin
- Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bruce Sussex
- Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
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Schwann TA. The Surgical Treatment of Coronary Artery Occlusive Disease: Modern Treatment Strategies for an Age Old Problem. Surg Clin North Am 2017; 97:835-865. [PMID: 28728719 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease remains a formidable challenge to clinicians. Percutaneous interventions and surgical techniques for myocardial revascularization continue to improve. Concurrently, in light of emerging data, multiple practice guidelines have been published guiding clinicians in their therapeutic decisions. The multidisciplinary Heart Team concept needs to be embraced by all cardiovascular providers to optimize patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Schwann
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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Castelvecchio S, Careri G, Ambrogi F, Camporeale A, Menicanti L, Secchi F, Lombardi M. Myocardial scar location as detected by cardiac magnetic resonance is associated with the outcome in heart failure patients undergoing surgical ventricular reconstruction. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezx197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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44
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Rao MP, Al-Khatib SM, Pokorney SD, She L, Romanov A, Nicolau JC, Lee KL, Carson P, Selzman CH, Stepinska J, Cleland JGF, Tungsubutra W, Desvigne-Nickens PM, Sueta CA, Siepe M, Lang I, Feldman AM, Yii M, Rouleau JL, Velazquez EJ. Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients With Ischemic Heart Failure Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Results From the STICH Randomized Clinical Trial (Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure). Circulation 2017; 135:1136-1144. [PMID: 28154006 PMCID: PMC5516272 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.026075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with heart failure after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) has not been examined in a contemporary clinical trial of surgical revascularization. This analysis describes the incidence, timing, and clinical predictors of SCD after CABG. METHODS Patients enrolled in the STICH trial (Surgical Treatment of Ischemic Heart Failure) who underwent CABG with or without surgical ventricular reconstruction were included. We excluded patients with prior implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and those randomized only to medical therapy. The primary outcome was SCD as adjudicated by a blinded committee. A Cox model was used to examine and identify predictors of SCD. The Fine and Gray method was used to estimate the incidence of SCD accounting for the competing risk of other deaths. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 46 months, 113 of 1411 patients who received CABG without (n = 934) or with (n = 477) surgical ventricular reconstruction had SCD; 311 died of other causes. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction at enrollment was 28±9%. The 5-year cumulative incidence of SCD was 8.5%. Patients who had SCD and those who did not die were younger and had fewer comorbid conditions than did those who died of causes other than SCD. In the first 30 days after CABG, SCD (n=5) accounted for 7% of all deaths. The numerically greatest monthly rate of SCD was in the 31- to 90-day time period. In a multivariable analysis including baseline demographics, risk factors, coronary anatomy, and left ventricular function, end-systolic volume index and B-type natriuretic peptide were most strongly associated with SCD. CONCLUSIONS The monthly risk of SCD shortly after CABG among patients with a low left ventricular ejection fraction is highest between the first and third months, suggesting that risk stratification for SCD should occur early in the postoperative period, particularly in patients with increased preoperative end-systolic volume index or B-type natriuretic peptide. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT0002359.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena P Rao
- From Duke Clinical Research Institute (M.P.R., S.M.A.-K., S.D.P., L.S., K.L.L., E.J.V.) and Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L.) and Medicine (S.M.A.-K., E.J.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia (A.R.); Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (J.C.N.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (P.C.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.H.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK (J.G.F.C.); Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (W.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.M.D.-N.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.A.S.); University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (M.S.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (A.M.F.); St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia (M.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.L.R.)
| | - Sana M Al-Khatib
- From Duke Clinical Research Institute (M.P.R., S.M.A.-K., S.D.P., L.S., K.L.L., E.J.V.) and Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L.) and Medicine (S.M.A.-K., E.J.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia (A.R.); Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (J.C.N.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (P.C.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.H.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK (J.G.F.C.); Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (W.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.M.D.-N.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.A.S.); University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (M.S.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (A.M.F.); St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia (M.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.L.R.)
| | - Sean D Pokorney
- From Duke Clinical Research Institute (M.P.R., S.M.A.-K., S.D.P., L.S., K.L.L., E.J.V.) and Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L.) and Medicine (S.M.A.-K., E.J.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia (A.R.); Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (J.C.N.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (P.C.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.H.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK (J.G.F.C.); Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (W.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.M.D.-N.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.A.S.); University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (M.S.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (A.M.F.); St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia (M.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.L.R.)
| | - Lilin She
- From Duke Clinical Research Institute (M.P.R., S.M.A.-K., S.D.P., L.S., K.L.L., E.J.V.) and Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L.) and Medicine (S.M.A.-K., E.J.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia (A.R.); Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (J.C.N.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (P.C.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.H.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK (J.G.F.C.); Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (W.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.M.D.-N.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.A.S.); University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (M.S.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (A.M.F.); St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia (M.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.L.R.)
| | - Alexander Romanov
- From Duke Clinical Research Institute (M.P.R., S.M.A.-K., S.D.P., L.S., K.L.L., E.J.V.) and Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L.) and Medicine (S.M.A.-K., E.J.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia (A.R.); Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (J.C.N.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (P.C.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.H.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK (J.G.F.C.); Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (W.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.M.D.-N.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.A.S.); University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (M.S.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (A.M.F.); St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia (M.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.L.R.)
| | - Jose C Nicolau
- From Duke Clinical Research Institute (M.P.R., S.M.A.-K., S.D.P., L.S., K.L.L., E.J.V.) and Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L.) and Medicine (S.M.A.-K., E.J.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia (A.R.); Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (J.C.N.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (P.C.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.H.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK (J.G.F.C.); Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (W.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.M.D.-N.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.A.S.); University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (M.S.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (A.M.F.); St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia (M.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.L.R.)
| | - Kerry L Lee
- From Duke Clinical Research Institute (M.P.R., S.M.A.-K., S.D.P., L.S., K.L.L., E.J.V.) and Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L.) and Medicine (S.M.A.-K., E.J.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia (A.R.); Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (J.C.N.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (P.C.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.H.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK (J.G.F.C.); Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (W.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.M.D.-N.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.A.S.); University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (M.S.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (A.M.F.); St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia (M.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.L.R.)
| | - Peter Carson
- From Duke Clinical Research Institute (M.P.R., S.M.A.-K., S.D.P., L.S., K.L.L., E.J.V.) and Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L.) and Medicine (S.M.A.-K., E.J.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia (A.R.); Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (J.C.N.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (P.C.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.H.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK (J.G.F.C.); Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (W.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.M.D.-N.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.A.S.); University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (M.S.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (A.M.F.); St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia (M.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.L.R.)
| | - Craig H Selzman
- From Duke Clinical Research Institute (M.P.R., S.M.A.-K., S.D.P., L.S., K.L.L., E.J.V.) and Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L.) and Medicine (S.M.A.-K., E.J.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia (A.R.); Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (J.C.N.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (P.C.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.H.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK (J.G.F.C.); Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (W.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.M.D.-N.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.A.S.); University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (M.S.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (A.M.F.); St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia (M.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.L.R.)
| | - Janina Stepinska
- From Duke Clinical Research Institute (M.P.R., S.M.A.-K., S.D.P., L.S., K.L.L., E.J.V.) and Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L.) and Medicine (S.M.A.-K., E.J.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia (A.R.); Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (J.C.N.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (P.C.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.H.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK (J.G.F.C.); Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (W.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.M.D.-N.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.A.S.); University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (M.S.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (A.M.F.); St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia (M.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.L.R.)
| | - John G F Cleland
- From Duke Clinical Research Institute (M.P.R., S.M.A.-K., S.D.P., L.S., K.L.L., E.J.V.) and Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L.) and Medicine (S.M.A.-K., E.J.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia (A.R.); Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (J.C.N.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (P.C.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.H.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK (J.G.F.C.); Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (W.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.M.D.-N.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.A.S.); University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (M.S.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (A.M.F.); St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia (M.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.L.R.)
| | - Wiwun Tungsubutra
- From Duke Clinical Research Institute (M.P.R., S.M.A.-K., S.D.P., L.S., K.L.L., E.J.V.) and Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L.) and Medicine (S.M.A.-K., E.J.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia (A.R.); Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (J.C.N.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (P.C.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.H.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK (J.G.F.C.); Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (W.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.M.D.-N.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.A.S.); University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (M.S.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (A.M.F.); St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia (M.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.L.R.)
| | - Patrice M Desvigne-Nickens
- From Duke Clinical Research Institute (M.P.R., S.M.A.-K., S.D.P., L.S., K.L.L., E.J.V.) and Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L.) and Medicine (S.M.A.-K., E.J.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia (A.R.); Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (J.C.N.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (P.C.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.H.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK (J.G.F.C.); Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (W.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.M.D.-N.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.A.S.); University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (M.S.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (A.M.F.); St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia (M.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.L.R.)
| | - Carla A Sueta
- From Duke Clinical Research Institute (M.P.R., S.M.A.-K., S.D.P., L.S., K.L.L., E.J.V.) and Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L.) and Medicine (S.M.A.-K., E.J.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia (A.R.); Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (J.C.N.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (P.C.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.H.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK (J.G.F.C.); Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (W.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.M.D.-N.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.A.S.); University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (M.S.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (A.M.F.); St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia (M.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.L.R.)
| | - Matthias Siepe
- From Duke Clinical Research Institute (M.P.R., S.M.A.-K., S.D.P., L.S., K.L.L., E.J.V.) and Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L.) and Medicine (S.M.A.-K., E.J.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia (A.R.); Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (J.C.N.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (P.C.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.H.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK (J.G.F.C.); Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (W.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.M.D.-N.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.A.S.); University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (M.S.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (A.M.F.); St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia (M.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.L.R.)
| | - Irene Lang
- From Duke Clinical Research Institute (M.P.R., S.M.A.-K., S.D.P., L.S., K.L.L., E.J.V.) and Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L.) and Medicine (S.M.A.-K., E.J.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia (A.R.); Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (J.C.N.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (P.C.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.H.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK (J.G.F.C.); Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (W.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.M.D.-N.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.A.S.); University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (M.S.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (A.M.F.); St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia (M.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.L.R.)
| | - Arthur M Feldman
- From Duke Clinical Research Institute (M.P.R., S.M.A.-K., S.D.P., L.S., K.L.L., E.J.V.) and Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L.) and Medicine (S.M.A.-K., E.J.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia (A.R.); Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (J.C.N.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (P.C.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.H.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK (J.G.F.C.); Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (W.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.M.D.-N.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.A.S.); University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (M.S.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (A.M.F.); St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia (M.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.L.R.)
| | - Michael Yii
- From Duke Clinical Research Institute (M.P.R., S.M.A.-K., S.D.P., L.S., K.L.L., E.J.V.) and Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L.) and Medicine (S.M.A.-K., E.J.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia (A.R.); Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (J.C.N.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (P.C.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.H.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK (J.G.F.C.); Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (W.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.M.D.-N.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.A.S.); University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (M.S.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (A.M.F.); St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia (M.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.L.R.)
| | - Jean L Rouleau
- From Duke Clinical Research Institute (M.P.R., S.M.A.-K., S.D.P., L.S., K.L.L., E.J.V.) and Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L.) and Medicine (S.M.A.-K., E.J.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia (A.R.); Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (J.C.N.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (P.C.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.H.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK (J.G.F.C.); Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (W.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.M.D.-N.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.A.S.); University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (M.S.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (A.M.F.); St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia (M.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.L.R.)
| | - Eric J Velazquez
- From Duke Clinical Research Institute (M.P.R., S.M.A.-K., S.D.P., L.S., K.L.L., E.J.V.) and Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L.) and Medicine (S.M.A.-K., E.J.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia (A.R.); Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (J.C.N.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (P.C.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (C.H.S.); Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK (J.G.F.C.); Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (W.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.M.D.-N.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (C.A.S.); University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (M.S.); Medical University of Vienna, Austria (I.L.); Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (A.M.F.); St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia (M.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.L.R.).
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Ramakrishna H, Gutsche JT, Patel PA, Evans AS, Weiner M, Morozowich ST, Gordon EK, Riha H, Bracker J, Ghadimi K, Murphy S, Spitz W, MacKay E, Cios TJ, Malhotra AK, Baron E, Shaefi S, Fassl J, Weiss SJ, Silvay G, Augoustides JGT. The Year in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia: Selected Highlights From 2016. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016; 31:1-13. [PMID: 28041810 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob T Gutsche
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Prakash A Patel
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Adam S Evans
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL
| | - Menachem Weiner
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | | | - Emily K Gordon
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hynek Riha
- Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Joseph Bracker
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kamrouz Ghadimi
- Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Sunberri Murphy
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Warren Spitz
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emily MacKay
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Elvera Baron
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Shahzad Shaefi
- Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jens Fassl
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stuart J Weiss
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - George Silvay
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - John G T Augoustides
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Alexander
- From the Duke Clinical Research Institute and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.H.A.), and the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (P.K.S.), Duke Health, Durham, NC
| | - Peter K Smith
- From the Duke Clinical Research Institute and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.H.A.), and the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (P.K.S.), Duke Health, Durham, NC
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Velazquez EJ, Lee KL, Jones RH, Al-Khalidi HR, Hill JA, Panza JA, Michler RE, Bonow RO, Doenst T, Petrie MC, Oh JK, She L, Moore VL, Desvigne-Nickens P, Sopko G, Rouleau JL. Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 2016; 374:1511-20. [PMID: 27040723 PMCID: PMC4938005 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1602001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 634] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival benefit of a strategy of coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) added to guideline-directed medical therapy, as compared with medical therapy alone, in patients with coronary artery disease, heart failure, and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction remains unclear. METHODS From July 2002 to May 2007, a total of 1212 patients with an ejection fraction of 35% or less and coronary artery disease amenable to CABG were randomly assigned to undergo CABG plus medical therapy (CABG group, 610 patients) or medical therapy alone (medical-therapy group, 602 patients). The primary outcome was death from any cause. Major secondary outcomes included death from cardiovascular causes and death from any cause or hospitalization for cardiovascular causes. The median duration of follow-up, including the current extended-follow-up study, was 9.8 years. RESULTS A primary outcome event occurred in 359 patients (58.9%) in the CABG group and in 398 patients (66.1%) in the medical-therapy group (hazard ratio with CABG vs. medical therapy, 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 0.97; P=0.02 by log-rank test). A total of 247 patients (40.5%) in the CABG group and 297 patients (49.3%) in the medical-therapy group died from cardiovascular causes (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.93; P=0.006 by log-rank test). Death from any cause or hospitalization for cardiovascular causes occurred in 467 patients (76.6%) in the CABG group and in 524 patients (87.0%) in the medical-therapy group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.82; P<0.001 by log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS In a cohort of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, the rates of death from any cause, death from cardiovascular causes, and death from any cause or hospitalization for cardiovascular causes were significantly lower over 10 years among patients who underwent CABG in addition to receiving medical therapy than among those who received medical therapy alone. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health; STICH [and STICHES] ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00023595.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Velazquez
- From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Kerry L Lee
- From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Robert H Jones
- From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Hussein R Al-Khalidi
- From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - James A Hill
- From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Julio A Panza
- From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Robert E Michler
- From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Robert O Bonow
- From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Torsten Doenst
- From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Mark C Petrie
- From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Jae K Oh
- From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Lilin She
- From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Vanessa L Moore
- From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Patrice Desvigne-Nickens
- From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - George Sopko
- From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
| | - Jean L Rouleau
- From the Division of Cardiology (E.J.V.), Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.L.L., H.R.A.-K.) and Surgery (R.H.J.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (L.S., V.L.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the University of Florida, Gainesville (J.A.H.); Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (J.A.P.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (R.O.B.); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany (T.D.); Glasgow University and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.K.O.); the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (P.D.-N., G.S.); and University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (J.L.R.)
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Calafiore AM, Iaco' AL, Kheirallah H, Sheikh AA, Al Sayed H, El Rasheed M, Allam A, Awadi MO, Alfonso JJ, Osman AA, Di Mauro M. Outcome of left ventricular surgical remodelling after the STICH trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2016; 50:693-701. [PMID: 27072008 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezw103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES After the publication of the Surgical Treatment for Ischaemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial, surgical indications to left ventricular surgical remodelling (LVSR) have become more restrictive. The experience we report reflects the changes in the real world after the publication of STICH trial. METHODS From May 2009 to July 2014, 113 patients underwent LVSR, targeted mainly to the left anterior descending territory (89.4%). Of these, 18 patients (15.9%) were operated on an emergency basis. Early and mid-term outcomes were assessed to identify clinical and echocardiographic risk factors. RESULTS Most patients (90.3%) had chronic ischaemic mitral regurgitation (CIMR) and were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III/IV (77.9%). The median ejection fraction (EF) was 26% [95% confidence interval (CI): 26, 28] and scarred areas were akinetic (86.7%) in most cases. Severe left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) was found in 33.6% of patients. Mitral valve surgery was performed in 84.1% of patients. Five patients (4.4%) died while in hospital, all from cardiac causes. Risk factors were abnormal bilirubin and emergency status. After a median follow-up of 12 (95% CI: 6, 18) months, 22 patients died, 17 from cardiac causes. Five-year freedom from death any from cause was 73 ± 5%, emergency status and MR Grade 4 being the only risk factors. Five-year freedom from death from any cause and NYHA class III/IV was 61 ± 6%. Severe LVDD and emergency status were risk factors, along with high bilirubin and diabetes mellitus on insulin. Five-year freedom from death from any cause and non-fatal cardiovascular events (rehospitalization, reoperation and stroke) was 55 ± 6%. LVDD and atrial fibrillation were found to be risk factors. After a median follow-up of 31 (95% CI: 19, 38) months, 91 patients underwent postoperative echocardiography. EF increased by 20%, but stroke volume remained unchanged. Postoperatively, patients with severe LVDD had lower EF and higher end-systolic volumes than patients without LVDD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that patients, who are candidates for LVSR, have mostly akinetic areas and CIMR requiring surgical correction and are severely symptomatic. Severe LVDD is common and, along with emergency status, is the most important risk factor for early and late outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio M Calafiore
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angela L Iaco'
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatim Kheirallah
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azmat A Sheikh
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Al Sayed
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed El Rasheed
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Allam
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ain Shams University, Ain Shams, Egypt
| | - Mohammed O Awadi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Juan J Alfonso
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Osman
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Critical Care, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Michele Di Mauro
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Cardiology, L'Aquila University, L'Aquila, Italy
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49
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Wrobel K, Stevens SR, Jones RH, Selzman CH, Lamy A, Beaver TM, Djokovic LT, Wang N, Velazquez EJ, Sopko G, Kron IL, DiMaio JM, Michler RE, Lee KL, Yii M, Leng CY, Zembala M, Rouleau JL, Daly RC, Al-Khalidi HR. Influence of Baseline Characteristics, Operative Conduct, and Postoperative Course on 30-Day Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Among Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Results From the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) Trial. Circulation 2015; 132:720-30. [PMID: 26304663 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.014932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction, ischemic heart failure, and coronary artery disease suitable for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are at higher risk for surgical morbidity and mortality. Paradoxically, those patients with the most severe coronary artery disease and ventricular dysfunction who derive the greatest clinical benefit from CABG are also at the greatest operative risk, which makes decision making regarding whether to proceed to surgery difficult in such patients. To better inform such decision making, we analyzed the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) CABG population for detailed information on perioperative risk and outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS In both STICH trials (hypotheses), 2136 patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction of ≤35% and coronary artery disease were allocated to medical therapy, CABG plus medical therapy, or CABG with surgical ventricular reconstruction. Relationships of baseline characteristics and operative conduct with morbidity and mortality at 30 days were evaluated. There were a total of 1460 patients randomized to and receiving surgery, and 346 (≈25%) of these high-risk patients developed a severe complication within 30 days. Worsening renal insufficiency, cardiac arrest with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and ventricular arrhythmias were the most frequent complications and those most commonly associated with death. Mortality at 30 days was 5.1% and was generally preceded by a serious complication (65 of 74 deaths). Left ventricular size, renal dysfunction, advanced age, and atrial fibrillation/flutter were significant preoperative predictors of mortality within 30 days. Cardiopulmonary bypass time was the only independent surgical variable predictive of 30-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS CABG can be performed with relatively low 30-day mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Serious postoperative complications occurred in nearly 1 in 4 patients and were associated with mortality. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00023595.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Wrobel
- From Allenort Hospital, Warsaw, Poland and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (K.W.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.R.S.); Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (R.H.J., E.J.V., K.L.L., H.R.A.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (C.H.S.); Hamilton General Hospital/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.L.); Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, Gainesville (T.M.B.); Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia (L.T.D.); Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA (N.W.); National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (I.L.K.); Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (J.M.D.); Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of Melbourne, Australia (M.Y.); National Heart Centre Singapore (C.Y.L.); Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland (M.Z.); Montreal Heart Institute, University de Montréal, Canada (J.L.R.); and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.C.D.)
| | - Susanna R Stevens
- From Allenort Hospital, Warsaw, Poland and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (K.W.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.R.S.); Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (R.H.J., E.J.V., K.L.L., H.R.A.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (C.H.S.); Hamilton General Hospital/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.L.); Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, Gainesville (T.M.B.); Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia (L.T.D.); Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA (N.W.); National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (I.L.K.); Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (J.M.D.); Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of Melbourne, Australia (M.Y.); National Heart Centre Singapore (C.Y.L.); Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland (M.Z.); Montreal Heart Institute, University de Montréal, Canada (J.L.R.); and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.C.D.)
| | - Robert H Jones
- From Allenort Hospital, Warsaw, Poland and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (K.W.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.R.S.); Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (R.H.J., E.J.V., K.L.L., H.R.A.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (C.H.S.); Hamilton General Hospital/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.L.); Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, Gainesville (T.M.B.); Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia (L.T.D.); Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA (N.W.); National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (I.L.K.); Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (J.M.D.); Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of Melbourne, Australia (M.Y.); National Heart Centre Singapore (C.Y.L.); Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland (M.Z.); Montreal Heart Institute, University de Montréal, Canada (J.L.R.); and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.C.D.)
| | - Craig H Selzman
- From Allenort Hospital, Warsaw, Poland and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (K.W.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.R.S.); Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (R.H.J., E.J.V., K.L.L., H.R.A.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (C.H.S.); Hamilton General Hospital/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.L.); Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, Gainesville (T.M.B.); Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia (L.T.D.); Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA (N.W.); National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (I.L.K.); Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (J.M.D.); Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of Melbourne, Australia (M.Y.); National Heart Centre Singapore (C.Y.L.); Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland (M.Z.); Montreal Heart Institute, University de Montréal, Canada (J.L.R.); and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.C.D.)
| | - Andre Lamy
- From Allenort Hospital, Warsaw, Poland and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (K.W.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.R.S.); Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (R.H.J., E.J.V., K.L.L., H.R.A.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (C.H.S.); Hamilton General Hospital/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.L.); Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, Gainesville (T.M.B.); Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia (L.T.D.); Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA (N.W.); National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (I.L.K.); Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (J.M.D.); Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of Melbourne, Australia (M.Y.); National Heart Centre Singapore (C.Y.L.); Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland (M.Z.); Montreal Heart Institute, University de Montréal, Canada (J.L.R.); and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.C.D.)
| | - Thomas M Beaver
- From Allenort Hospital, Warsaw, Poland and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (K.W.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.R.S.); Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (R.H.J., E.J.V., K.L.L., H.R.A.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (C.H.S.); Hamilton General Hospital/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.L.); Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, Gainesville (T.M.B.); Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia (L.T.D.); Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA (N.W.); National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (I.L.K.); Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (J.M.D.); Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of Melbourne, Australia (M.Y.); National Heart Centre Singapore (C.Y.L.); Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland (M.Z.); Montreal Heart Institute, University de Montréal, Canada (J.L.R.); and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.C.D.)
| | - Ljubomir T Djokovic
- From Allenort Hospital, Warsaw, Poland and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (K.W.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.R.S.); Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (R.H.J., E.J.V., K.L.L., H.R.A.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (C.H.S.); Hamilton General Hospital/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.L.); Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, Gainesville (T.M.B.); Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia (L.T.D.); Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA (N.W.); National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (I.L.K.); Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (J.M.D.); Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of Melbourne, Australia (M.Y.); National Heart Centre Singapore (C.Y.L.); Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland (M.Z.); Montreal Heart Institute, University de Montréal, Canada (J.L.R.); and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.C.D.)
| | - Nan Wang
- From Allenort Hospital, Warsaw, Poland and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (K.W.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.R.S.); Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (R.H.J., E.J.V., K.L.L., H.R.A.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (C.H.S.); Hamilton General Hospital/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.L.); Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, Gainesville (T.M.B.); Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia (L.T.D.); Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA (N.W.); National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (I.L.K.); Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (J.M.D.); Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of Melbourne, Australia (M.Y.); National Heart Centre Singapore (C.Y.L.); Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland (M.Z.); Montreal Heart Institute, University de Montréal, Canada (J.L.R.); and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.C.D.)
| | - Eric J Velazquez
- From Allenort Hospital, Warsaw, Poland and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (K.W.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.R.S.); Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (R.H.J., E.J.V., K.L.L., H.R.A.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (C.H.S.); Hamilton General Hospital/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.L.); Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, Gainesville (T.M.B.); Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia (L.T.D.); Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA (N.W.); National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (I.L.K.); Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (J.M.D.); Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of Melbourne, Australia (M.Y.); National Heart Centre Singapore (C.Y.L.); Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland (M.Z.); Montreal Heart Institute, University de Montréal, Canada (J.L.R.); and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.C.D.)
| | - George Sopko
- From Allenort Hospital, Warsaw, Poland and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (K.W.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.R.S.); Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (R.H.J., E.J.V., K.L.L., H.R.A.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (C.H.S.); Hamilton General Hospital/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.L.); Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, Gainesville (T.M.B.); Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia (L.T.D.); Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA (N.W.); National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (I.L.K.); Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (J.M.D.); Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of Melbourne, Australia (M.Y.); National Heart Centre Singapore (C.Y.L.); Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland (M.Z.); Montreal Heart Institute, University de Montréal, Canada (J.L.R.); and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.C.D.)
| | - Irving L Kron
- From Allenort Hospital, Warsaw, Poland and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (K.W.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.R.S.); Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (R.H.J., E.J.V., K.L.L., H.R.A.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (C.H.S.); Hamilton General Hospital/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.L.); Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, Gainesville (T.M.B.); Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia (L.T.D.); Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA (N.W.); National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (I.L.K.); Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (J.M.D.); Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of Melbourne, Australia (M.Y.); National Heart Centre Singapore (C.Y.L.); Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland (M.Z.); Montreal Heart Institute, University de Montréal, Canada (J.L.R.); and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.C.D.)
| | - J Michael DiMaio
- From Allenort Hospital, Warsaw, Poland and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (K.W.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.R.S.); Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (R.H.J., E.J.V., K.L.L., H.R.A.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (C.H.S.); Hamilton General Hospital/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.L.); Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, Gainesville (T.M.B.); Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia (L.T.D.); Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA (N.W.); National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (I.L.K.); Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (J.M.D.); Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of Melbourne, Australia (M.Y.); National Heart Centre Singapore (C.Y.L.); Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland (M.Z.); Montreal Heart Institute, University de Montréal, Canada (J.L.R.); and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.C.D.)
| | - Robert E Michler
- From Allenort Hospital, Warsaw, Poland and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (K.W.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.R.S.); Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (R.H.J., E.J.V., K.L.L., H.R.A.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (C.H.S.); Hamilton General Hospital/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.L.); Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, Gainesville (T.M.B.); Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia (L.T.D.); Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA (N.W.); National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (I.L.K.); Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (J.M.D.); Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of Melbourne, Australia (M.Y.); National Heart Centre Singapore (C.Y.L.); Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland (M.Z.); Montreal Heart Institute, University de Montréal, Canada (J.L.R.); and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.C.D.)
| | - Kerry L Lee
- From Allenort Hospital, Warsaw, Poland and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (K.W.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.R.S.); Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (R.H.J., E.J.V., K.L.L., H.R.A.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (C.H.S.); Hamilton General Hospital/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.L.); Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, Gainesville (T.M.B.); Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia (L.T.D.); Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA (N.W.); National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (I.L.K.); Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (J.M.D.); Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of Melbourne, Australia (M.Y.); National Heart Centre Singapore (C.Y.L.); Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland (M.Z.); Montreal Heart Institute, University de Montréal, Canada (J.L.R.); and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.C.D.)
| | - Michael Yii
- From Allenort Hospital, Warsaw, Poland and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (K.W.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.R.S.); Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (R.H.J., E.J.V., K.L.L., H.R.A.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (C.H.S.); Hamilton General Hospital/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.L.); Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, Gainesville (T.M.B.); Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia (L.T.D.); Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA (N.W.); National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (I.L.K.); Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (J.M.D.); Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of Melbourne, Australia (M.Y.); National Heart Centre Singapore (C.Y.L.); Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland (M.Z.); Montreal Heart Institute, University de Montréal, Canada (J.L.R.); and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.C.D.)
| | - Chua Yeow Leng
- From Allenort Hospital, Warsaw, Poland and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (K.W.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.R.S.); Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (R.H.J., E.J.V., K.L.L., H.R.A.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (C.H.S.); Hamilton General Hospital/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.L.); Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, Gainesville (T.M.B.); Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia (L.T.D.); Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA (N.W.); National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (I.L.K.); Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (J.M.D.); Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of Melbourne, Australia (M.Y.); National Heart Centre Singapore (C.Y.L.); Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland (M.Z.); Montreal Heart Institute, University de Montréal, Canada (J.L.R.); and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.C.D.)
| | - Marian Zembala
- From Allenort Hospital, Warsaw, Poland and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (K.W.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.R.S.); Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (R.H.J., E.J.V., K.L.L., H.R.A.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (C.H.S.); Hamilton General Hospital/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.L.); Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, Gainesville (T.M.B.); Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia (L.T.D.); Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA (N.W.); National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (I.L.K.); Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (J.M.D.); Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of Melbourne, Australia (M.Y.); National Heart Centre Singapore (C.Y.L.); Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland (M.Z.); Montreal Heart Institute, University de Montréal, Canada (J.L.R.); and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.C.D.)
| | - Jean L Rouleau
- From Allenort Hospital, Warsaw, Poland and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (K.W.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.R.S.); Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (R.H.J., E.J.V., K.L.L., H.R.A.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (C.H.S.); Hamilton General Hospital/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.L.); Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, Gainesville (T.M.B.); Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia (L.T.D.); Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA (N.W.); National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (I.L.K.); Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (J.M.D.); Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of Melbourne, Australia (M.Y.); National Heart Centre Singapore (C.Y.L.); Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland (M.Z.); Montreal Heart Institute, University de Montréal, Canada (J.L.R.); and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.C.D.)
| | - Richard C Daly
- From Allenort Hospital, Warsaw, Poland and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (K.W.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.R.S.); Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (R.H.J., E.J.V., K.L.L., H.R.A.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (C.H.S.); Hamilton General Hospital/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.L.); Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, Gainesville (T.M.B.); Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia (L.T.D.); Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA (N.W.); National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (I.L.K.); Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (J.M.D.); Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of Melbourne, Australia (M.Y.); National Heart Centre Singapore (C.Y.L.); Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland (M.Z.); Montreal Heart Institute, University de Montréal, Canada (J.L.R.); and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.C.D.)
| | - Hussein R Al-Khalidi
- From Allenort Hospital, Warsaw, Poland and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (K.W.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.R.S.); Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (R.H.J., E.J.V., K.L.L., H.R.A.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (C.H.S.); Hamilton General Hospital/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (A.L.); Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, Gainesville (T.M.B.); Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia (L.T.D.); Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA (N.W.); National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, Bethesda, MD (G.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (I.L.K.); Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (J.M.D.); Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (R.E.M.); St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of Melbourne, Australia (M.Y.); National Heart Centre Singapore (C.Y.L.); Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland (M.Z.); Montreal Heart Institute, University de Montréal, Canada (J.L.R.); and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.C.D.).
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Jolicœur EM, Dunning A, Castelvecchio S, Dabrowski R, Waclawiw MA, Petrie MC, Stewart R, Jhund PS, Desvigne-Nickens P, Panza JA, Bonow RO, Sun B, San TR, Al-Khalidi HR, Rouleau JL, Velazquez EJ, Cleland JGF. Importance of angina in patients with coronary disease, heart failure, and left ventricular systolic dysfunction: insights from STICH. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:2092-2100. [PMID: 26541919 PMCID: PMC4655599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, coronary artery disease (CAD), and angina are often thought to have a worse prognosis and a greater prognostic benefit from coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery than those without angina. OBJECTIVES This study investigated: 1) whether angina was associated with a worse prognosis; 2) whether angina identified patients who had a greater survival benefit from CABG; and 3) whether CABG improved angina in patients with LV systolic dysfunction and CAD. METHODS We performed an analysis of the STICH (Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure) trial, in which 1,212 patients with an ejection fraction ≤35% and CAD were randomized to CABG or medical therapy. Multivariable Cox and logistic models were used to assess long-term clinical outcomes. RESULTS At baseline, 770 patients (64%) reported angina. Among patients assigned to medical therapy, all-cause mortality was similar in patients with and without angina (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79 to 1.38). The effect of CABG was similar whether the patient had angina (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.71 to 1.13) or not (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.94; p interaction = 0.14). Patients assigned to CABG were more likely to report improvement in angina than those assigned to medical therapy alone (odds ratio: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.55 to 0.90; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Angina does not predict all-cause mortality in medically treated patients with LV systolic dysfunction and CAD, nor does it identify patients who have a greater survival benefit from CABG. However, CABG does improve angina to a greater extent than medical therapy alone. (Comparison of Surgical and Medical Treatment for Congestive Heart Failure and Coronary Artery Disease [STICH]; NCT00023595).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Marc Jolicœur
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Allison Dunning
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Myron A Waclawiw
- National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark C Petrie
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pardeep S Jhund
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Julio A Panza
- Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Robert O Bonow
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Tan Ru San
- National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hussein R Al-Khalidi
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jean L Rouleau
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eric J Velazquez
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - John G F Cleland
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
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