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Frankel WC, Robinson JA, Roselli EE, Unai S, Tretter JT, Fuller S, Nelson JS, Ghobrial J, Svensson LG, Pettersson GB, Najm HK, Karamlou T. Lifetime Management of Adolescents and Young Adults with Congenital Aortic Valve Disease. Ann Thorac Surg 2024:S0003-4975(24)00461-2. [PMID: 38871162 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2024.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In this invited expert review, we focus on evolving lifetime management strategies for adolescents and young adults with congenital aortic valve disease, acknowledging that these patients often require multiple interventions during their lifetime. Our goal is to preserve the native aortic valve when feasible. Leveraging advanced multimodality imaging, a detailed assessment of the aortic valve and root complex can be obtained, and a surgically approach tailored to an individual patient's anatomy and pathology can be used. In turn, aortic valve repair and reconstruction can be offered to a greater number of patients, either as a definitive strategy or as a component of a staged strategy to delay the need for aortic valve replacement until later in life when more options are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Frankel
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Justin A Robinson
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eric E Roselli
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shinya Unai
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Justin T Tretter
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Stephanie Fuller
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer S Nelson
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Services, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Joanna Ghobrial
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lars G Svensson
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gösta B Pettersson
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hani K Najm
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tara Karamlou
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Dib N, Ben Ali W, Ducruet T, Trudeau O, Bernier PL, Poirier N, Khairy P. The Ross Procedure in Children and Infants: A Systematic Review With Pooled Analyses. CJC PEDIATRIC AND CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2024; 3:117-124. [PMID: 39070957 PMCID: PMC11282879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjcpc.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Background The Ross procedure is a surgical option for congenital aortic stenosis that involves replacing the diseased aortic valve with a pulmonary autograft. Little is known about outcomes in children, particularly those younger than 1 year. Methods A systematic review with pooled analyses was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Inferred individual patient data were extracted from life tables. The primary end points were early (≤30 days) and late (>30 days) mortality rates following the Ross procedure in children. Secondary end points were freedom from reintervention for the right ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary autograft. These end points were assessed in the overall population of children. Sensitivity analyses were performed in subgroups younger than 1 year of age (infants) and in noninfant children. Results A total of 25 studies on 2737 patients met inclusion criteria. The pooled early survival rate was 96.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 95.1%-96.8%) overall and 86.8% (95% CI: 82.1%-90.3%) among infants. Pooled overall 10-year survival, freedom from pulmonary autograft reintervention, and freedom from right ventricular outflow tract reintervention rates were 91.1%, 90.2%, and 79.7%, respectively. Corresponding pooled rates in infants were 79.3%, 87.1%, and 51.2%. Mortality was significantly higher among infants compared with noninfant children (hazard ratio: 3.38, 95% CI: 2.44-4.68; P < 0.001). In metaregression analyses, younger age was strongly associated with poorer survival and higher reintervention rates. Conclusions Modest survival and autograft reoperation rates were observed following the Ross procedure in children. Surgery in infancy was strongly associated with poorer survival and higher reintervention rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Dib
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Walid Ben Ali
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thierry Ducruet
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Appliquée, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ofélie Trudeau
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Appliquée, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Bernier
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nancy Poirier
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul Khairy
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Bouhout I, Singh S, Nguyen S, Vinogradsky A, Barrett C, Kalfa D, Bacha E, Goldstone A. Influence of preoperative aortic regurgitation on long-term autograft durability and dilatation in children and adolescents undergoing the Ross procedure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 167:1123-1131.e2. [PMID: 37385527 PMCID: PMC10751386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary aortic insufficiency (AI) is a risk factor for autograft reintervention in adults undergoing the Ross procedure. We sought to examine the influence of preoperative AI on autograft durability in children and adolescents. METHODS From 1993 to 2020, 125 consecutive patients between ages 1 and 18 underwent a Ross procedure. The autograft was implanted using a full-root technique in 123 (98.4%) and included in a polyethelene terephthalate graft in 2 (1.6%). Patients with aortic stenosis (aortic stenosis group) (n = 85) were retrospectively compared with those with AI or mixed disease (AI group) (n = 40). Median length of follow-up was 8.2 years (interquartile range, 3.3-15.4 years). The primary end point was the incidence of severe AI or autograft reintervention. Secondary end points included changes in autograft dimensions analyzed using mixed-effect models. RESULTS The incidence of severe AI or autograft reintervention was 39.0% ± 13.0% in the AI group and 8.8% ± 4.4% in the aortic stenosis group at 15 years (P = .02). Annulus z scores increased in both aortic stenosis and AI groups over time (P < .001). However, the annulus dilated at a faster rate in the AI group (absolute difference, 3.8 ± 2.0 vs 2.5 ± 1.7; P = .03). Sinus of Valsalva z scores increased in both groups as well (P < .001), but at similar rates over time (P = .11). CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents with AI undergoing the Ross procedure have higher rates of autograft failure. Patients with preoperative AI have more pronounced dilatation at the annulus. Akin to adults, a surgical aortic annulus stabilization technique that modulates growth is needed in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Bouhout
- Section of Pediatric and Congenital and Cardiac Surgery, Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Morgan Stanley Children Hospital-New York Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Sameer Singh
- Section of Pediatric and Congenital and Cardiac Surgery, Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Morgan Stanley Children Hospital-New York Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Stephanie Nguyen
- Section of Pediatric and Congenital and Cardiac Surgery, Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Morgan Stanley Children Hospital-New York Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Alice Vinogradsky
- Section of Pediatric and Congenital and Cardiac Surgery, Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Morgan Stanley Children Hospital-New York Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Connor Barrett
- Section of Pediatric and Congenital and Cardiac Surgery, Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Morgan Stanley Children Hospital-New York Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - David Kalfa
- Section of Pediatric and Congenital and Cardiac Surgery, Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Morgan Stanley Children Hospital-New York Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Emile Bacha
- Section of Pediatric and Congenital and Cardiac Surgery, Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Morgan Stanley Children Hospital-New York Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Andrew Goldstone
- Section of Pediatric and Congenital and Cardiac Surgery, Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Morgan Stanley Children Hospital-New York Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.
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Galzerano D, Kholaif N, Al Amro B, Al Admawi M, Eltayeb A, Alshammari A, Di Salvo G, Al-Halees ZY. The Ross Procedure: Imaging, Outcomes and Future Directions in Aortic Valve Replacement. J Clin Med 2024; 13:630. [PMID: 38276135 PMCID: PMC10816914 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ross procedure is gaining recognition as a significant option for aortic valve replacement (AVR), and is particularly beneficial in specific patient groups. Although categorized as a class IIb recommendation in the 2020 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA), and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) management guidelines on valvular heart disease, recent studies bolster its credibility. Research, including a propensity-matched study, underlines the Ross procedure's association with enhanced long-term survival and reduced adverse valve-related events compared to other AVR types. This positions the Ross procedure as a primary option for AVR in young and middle-aged adults within specialized centers, and potentially the only choice for children and infants requiring AVR. This review meticulously examines the Ross procedure, covering historical perspectives, surgical techniques, imaging, and outcomes, including hemodynamic performance and quality of life, especially focusing on pediatric and young adult patients. It explores contemporary techniques and innovations like minimally invasive approaches and tissue engineering, underscoring ongoing research and future directions. A summarization of comparative studies and meta-analyses reiterates the Ross procedure's superior long-term outcomes, valve durability, and preservation of the left ventricular function, accentuating the crucial role of patient selection and risk stratification, and pinpointing areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Galzerano
- Heart Center Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; (D.G.); (B.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.E.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.A.-H.)
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naji Kholaif
- Heart Center Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; (D.G.); (B.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.E.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.A.-H.)
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Al Amro
- Heart Center Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; (D.G.); (B.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.E.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.A.-H.)
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Admawi
- Heart Center Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; (D.G.); (B.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.E.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.A.-H.)
| | - Abdalla Eltayeb
- Heart Center Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; (D.G.); (B.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.E.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.A.-H.)
| | - Amal Alshammari
- Heart Center Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; (D.G.); (B.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.E.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.A.-H.)
| | - Giovanni Di Salvo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Medical School, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy;
| | - Zohair Y. Al-Halees
- Heart Center Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; (D.G.); (B.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.E.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.A.-H.)
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Zhu MZL, Buratto E, Wu DM, Ishigami S, Schulz A, Brizard CP, Konstantinov IE. Long-Term Outcomes of Mechanical Aortic Valve Replacement in Children. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2023; 27:52-60. [PMID: 38522873 DOI: 10.1053/j.pcsu.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
When the options of aortic valve repair or the Ross procedure are not feasible or have been exhausted, mechanical aortic valve replacement (AVR) may provide a reliable and structurally durable alternative, but with the limitations of long-term anticoagulation, thrombosis risk and lack of valve growth potential. In this article, we review the longitudinal outcomes of mechanical AVR in children in our institution and compare them to those recently reported by others. From 1978 to 2020, 62 patients underwent mechanical AVR at a median age of 12.4 years (interquartile range (IQR): 8.6-16.8 years). The most common underlying diagnoses were: conotruncal anomalies (40%, 25/62), congenital aortic stenosis (16%, 10/62), rheumatic valve disease (16%, 10/62), connective tissue disease (8.1%, 5/62) and infective endocarditis (6.5%, 4/62). Thirty-two patients (52%, 32/62) had at least 1 prior aortic valve surgery prior to mechanical AVR. Early death was 3.2% (2/62). Median follow-up was 14.4 years (IQR: 8.4-28.2 years). Kaplan-Meier survival was 96.8%, 91.9%, 86.3%, and 81.9% at 1, 5, 10, and 20 years. On competing risk analysis, the proportion of patients alive without aortic valve reoperation at 1, 5, 10, and 20 years was 95.2%, 87.0%, 75.5% and 55.4%, respectively, while the proportion of patients that had aortic valve reoperation (with death as a competing event) at 1, 5, 10, and 20 years was 1.6%, 4.9%, 12.8%, and 28.5%, respectively. In conclusion, when the options of aortic valve repair or the Ross procedure are not feasible in children, mechanical AVR is an alternative, yet the long-term rates of mortality and need for aortic valve reoperation are of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Z L Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.; Heart Research Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Edward Buratto
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.; Heart Research Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Damien M Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.; Heart Research Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shuta Ishigami
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Antonia Schulz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christian P Brizard
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.; Heart Research Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.; Melbourne Children's Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Igor E Konstantinov
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.; Heart Research Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.; Melbourne Children's Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia..
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Ross F, Everhart K, Latham G, Joffe D. Perioperative and Anesthetic Considerations in Pediatric Valvar and Subvalvar Aortic Stenosis. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023; 27:292-304. [PMID: 37455142 DOI: 10.1177/10892532231189933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Aortic stenosis (AS) is a common form of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) in children with congenital heart disease. This review specifically considers the perioperative features of valvar (VAS) and subvalvar AS (subAS) in the pediatric patient. Although VAS and subAS share some clinical features and diagnostic approaches, they are distinct clinical entities with separate therapeutic options, which range from transcatheter intervention to surgical repair. We detail the pathophysiology of AS and highlight the range of treatment strategies with a focus on anesthetic considerations for the care of these patients before, during, and after intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Ross
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelly Everhart
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Greg Latham
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Denise Joffe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
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Kim JY, Cho WC, Kim DH, Choi ES, Kwon BS, Yun TJ, Park CS. Outcomes after Mechanical Aortic Valve Replacement in Children with Congenital Heart Disease. J Chest Surg 2023; 56:394-402. [PMID: 37696780 PMCID: PMC10625956 DOI: 10.5090/jcs.23.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The optimal choice of valve substitute for aortic valve replacement (AVR) in pediatric patients remains a matter of debate. This study investigated the outcomes following AVR using mechanical prostheses in children. Methods Forty-four patients younger than 15 years who underwent mechanical AVR from March 1990 through March 2023 were included. The outcomes of interest were death or transplantation, hemorrhagic or thromboembolic events, and reoperation after mechanical AVR. Adverse events included any death, transplant, aortic valve reoperation, and major thromboembolic or hemorrhagic event. Results The median age and weight at AVR were 139 months and 32 kg, respectively. The median follow-up duration was 56 months. The most commonly used valve size was 21 mm (14 [31.8%]). There were 2 in-hospital deaths, 1 in-hospital transplant, and 1 late death. The overall survival rates at 1 and 10 years post-AVR were 92.9% and 90.0%, respectively. Aortic valve reoperation was required in 4 patients at a median of 70 months post-AVR. No major hemorrhagic or thromboembolic events occurred. The 5- and 10-year adverse event-free survival rates were 81.8% and 72.2%, respectively. In univariable analysis, younger age, longer cardiopulmonary bypass time, and smaller valve size were associated with adverse events. The cut-off values for age and prosthetic valve size to minimize the risk of adverse events were 71 months and 20 mm, respectively. Conclusion Mechanical AVR could be performed safely in children. Younger age, longer cardiopulmonary bypass time and smaller valve size were associated with adverse events. Thromboembolic or hemorrhagic complications might rarely occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Young Kim
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Chul Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kim
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Seok Choi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Sang Kwon
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Yun
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Soo Park
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Alsoufi B. The Konno-Rastan procedure in children and young adults: efficiency versus effectiveness. INTERDISCIPLINARY CARDIOVASCULAR AND THORACIC SURGERY 2023; 37:ivad171. [PMID: 37847656 PMCID: PMC10599977 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivad171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahaaldin Alsoufi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville, Norton Children’s Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA
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9
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Notenboom ML, Schuermans A, Etnel JRG, Veen KM, van de Woestijne PC, Rega FR, Helbing WA, Bogers AJJC, Takkenberg JJM. Paediatric aortic valve replacement: a meta-analysis and microsimulation study. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:3231-3246. [PMID: 37366156 PMCID: PMC10482570 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To support decision-making in children undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR), by providing a comprehensive overview of published outcomes after paediatric AVR, and microsimulation-based age-specific estimates of outcome with different valve substitutes. METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic review of published literature reporting clinical outcome after paediatric AVR (mean age <18 years) published between 1/1/1990 and 11/08/2021 was conducted. Publications reporting outcome after paediatric Ross procedure, mechanical AVR (mAVR), homograft AVR (hAVR), and/or bioprosthetic AVR were considered for inclusion. Early risks (<30d), late event rates (>30d) and time-to-event data were pooled and entered into a microsimulation model. Sixty-eight studies, of which one prospective and 67 retrospective cohort studies, were included, encompassing a total of 5259 patients (37 435 patient-years; median follow-up: 5.9 years; range 1-21 years). Pooled mean age for the Ross procedure, mAVR, and hAVR was 9.2 ± 5.6, 13.0 ± 3.4, and 8.4 ± 5.4 years, respectively. Pooled early mortality for the Ross procedure, mAVR, and hAVR was 3.7% (95% CI, 3.0%-4.7%), 7.0% (5.1%-9.6%), and 10.6% (6.6%-17.0%), respectively, and late mortality rate was 0.5%/year (0.4%-0.7%/year), 1.0%/year (0.6%-1.5%/year), and 1.4%/year (0.8%-2.5%/year), respectively. Microsimulation-based mean life-expectancy in the first 20 years was 18.9 years (18.6-19.1 years) after Ross (relative life-expectancy: 94.8%) and 17.0 years (16.5-17.6 years) after mAVR (relative life-expectancy: 86.3%). Microsimulation-based 20-year risk of aortic valve reintervention was 42.0% (95% CI: 39.6%-44.6%) after Ross and 17.8% (95% CI: 17.0%-19.4%) after mAVR. CONCLUSION Results of paediatric AVR are currently suboptimal with substantial mortality especially in the very young with considerable reintervention hazards for all valve substitutes, but the Ross procedure provides a survival benefit over mAVR. Pros and cons of substitutes should be carefully weighed during paediatric valve selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliaan L Notenboom
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Art Schuermans
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, UZ Leuven Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 4th floor, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Merkin Building, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jonathan R G Etnel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin M Veen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C van de Woestijne
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Filip R Rega
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, UZ Leuven Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Willem A Helbing
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Ad J J C Bogers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna J M Takkenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
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10
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Haranal M, Sivalingam S. Aortic valve repair in the pediatric population: emerging role of aortic valve neocuspidization (AVNeo procedure). Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 39:262-270. [PMID: 37124595 PMCID: PMC10140244 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-023-01473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of aortic valve diseases in children is challenging owing to the quality and quantity of the native tissue for repair, limitations in the currently available biological materials to supplement the repair and to achieve a long-lasting durable repair in an annulus where there is still growth potential. The aortic valve neocuspidization (AVNeo) procedure has emerged as a versatile alternative strategy in the armamentarium of pediatric aortic valve reconstructions that are currently available. In this review article, the focus of the discussion will be on the various aortic valve repair procedures in the pediatric population, with a special emphasis on the emerging role of AVNeo procedure in pediatrics and its outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruti Haranal
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, U N Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
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11
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Dib N, Iriart X, Belaroussi Y, Albadi W, Tafer N, Thambo JB, Khairy P, Roubertie F. The Ross Operation in Young Patients: A 15-Year Experience Focused on Right Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Conduit Outcomes. CJC PEDIATRIC AND CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2023; 2:86-92. [PMID: 37970525 PMCID: PMC10642144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjcpc.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Data on long-term outcomes of the Ross operation in children and young adult patients are limited. The best pulmonary valve substitute for the right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in the Ross operation in young patients using various pulmonary valve substitutes at a single institution. In addition, a comparison of reintervention rates between patients younger than 18 years and those older than 18 years was performed. Methods The study assessed all patients (N = 110) who underwent the Ross operation at the University Hospital of Bordeaux, France, between 2004 and 2020. Results The median follow-up time was 4.2 years, and the median age at operation was 15.9 years. There was no operative mortality and 1 late noncardiac death (0.8%). The overall survival rate at 10 years was 99.2%. The need for right ventricular outflow tract reoperation was lower with the pulmonary homograft compared with the Contegra conduit and Freestyle bioprosthesis: 94.3%, 93.8%, and 80% at 5 years, respectively, and 94.3%, 72.3%, and 34.3% at 10 years, respectively (P = 0.011). The probability of reintervention was not significantly different at 10 years among children vs adults (P = 0.22). Conclusions The Ross procedure in children and young adults was associated with a lower requirement for right ventricular outflow tract reoperation when pulmonary homografts were used instead of xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Dib
- Department of Congenital Cardiac surgery, Bordeaux Heart University Hospital, University of Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Iriart
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Bordeaux Heart University Hospital, University of Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yaniss Belaroussi
- Department of Congenital Cardiac surgery, Bordeaux Heart University Hospital, University of Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Waleed Albadi
- Department of Congenital Cardiac surgery, Bordeaux Heart University Hospital, University of Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nadir Tafer
- Department of Congenital Cardiac Anesthesiology, Bordeaux Heart University Hospital, University of Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Thambo
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Bordeaux Heart University Hospital, University of Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Paul Khairy
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - François Roubertie
- Department of Congenital Cardiac surgery, Bordeaux Heart University Hospital, University of Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
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12
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Ortega-Zhindón DB, Calderón-Colmenero J, Pereira-López GI, Sandoval JP, Rivera-Buendía F, Cervantes-Salazar JL. Surgical outcomes among children with bicuspid aortic valve: 17 years of experience in a single center. First report in Mexico. J Card Surg 2022; 37:4459-4464. [PMID: 36229968 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.17024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical and surgical outcomes among children with bicuspid aortic valve who underwent cardiac surgery. METHODS This observational and retrospective study included patients with a diagnosis of bicuspid aortic valve who underwent cardiac surgery between January 1, 2003, and March 31, 2020. Demographic characteristics and perioperative conditions were described. RESULTS One hundred and sixteen patients were included, with a mean age of 12.4 ± 4.2 years; 63.2% were male. The most frequent diagnosis was congenital aortic stenosis (23.5%), followed by connective tissue disorders (16%). Mechanical aortic prostheses were used in 87.7% of cases, with a mean size of 21 ± 2.6 mm. The main factors associated with mortality were valve prosthesis dysfunction (odds ratio [OR]: 12.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-147.48; p = .04) and reoperation (OR: 24.29; 95% CI: 1.03-570.08; p = .04). The overall survival was 87.9%, with better outcomes among those who did not undergo reoperation (Log Rank, p = .01). CONCLUSIONS Outcomes after aortic valve replacement in children with bicuspid aortic valve are excellent in the short and long term, regardless of using mechanical or biological prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego B Ortega-Zhindón
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and Congenital Heart Disease, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, México
| | - Juan Calderón-Colmenero
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, México
| | - Gabriela I Pereira-López
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, México
| | - Juan P Sandoval
- Department of Interventional Cardiology in Congenital Heart Disease, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, México
| | - Frida Rivera-Buendía
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, México
| | - Jorge L Cervantes-Salazar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and Congenital Heart Disease, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, México
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13
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Bouhout I, Kalfa D, Shah A, Goldstone AB, Harrington J, Bacha E. Surgical Management of Complex Aortic Valve Disease in Young Adults: Repair, Replacement, and Future Alternatives. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2022; 25:28-37. [PMID: 35835514 DOI: 10.1053/j.pcsu.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ideal aortic valve substitute in young adults remains unknown. Prosthetic valves are associated with a suboptimal survival and carry a significant risk of valve-related complications in young patients, mainly reinterventions with tissue valves and, thromboembolic events and major bleeding with mechanical prostheses. The Ross procedure is the only substitute that restores a survival curve similar to that of a matched general population, and permits a normal life without functional limitations. Though the risk of reintervention is the Achilles' heel of this procedure, it is very low in patients with aortic stenosis and can be mitigated in patients with aortic regurgitation by tailored surgical techniques. Finally, the Ozaki procedure and the transcatheter aortic valve implantation are seen by many as future alternatives but lack evidence and long-term follow-up in this specific patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Bouhout
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - David Kalfa
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Amee Shah
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Andrew B Goldstone
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jamie Harrington
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Emile Bacha
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York.
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14
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Tan-Recep BZ, Hatemi AC, Yavuz Y, Yildirim AI, Ceyran H. Comparison of early-stage stenosis and regurgitation results among patients who underwent aortic valve repair. Cardiol Young 2022; 33:1-6. [PMID: 35712756 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951122001846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to analyse the results of paediatric aortic valve repairs in our institution. METHOD The data of 57 patients under 18 years of age who underwent aortic valve repair between 2014 and 2019 were retrospectively analysed. Early postoperative reoperation and hospital mortality rates were evaluated based on the ages of the patients, their preoperative diagnoses, and the surgical techniques used. Survival curves for groups of patients were calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS The rate of reoperation was 14% (n = 8), and there were no significant differences regarding valve pathologies and preoperative diagnoses (p > 0.05). Among the repair techniques, tricuspidisation was considered to be a risk factor for reoperation (p < 0.05). Augmentation, the material used (0.1 PTFE or pericardium), and the number of cusps were not found to have significant effects on reoperation or mortality. The mean follow-up period was 29.86 ± 21.30 months. The survival rates of the patients were 88%, 100%, and 88.2% for those with aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency, and mixed disease, respectively, and no significant difference was found when these rates were evaluated with the log-rank test (p > 0.05). The mortality rate was 8.8% (n = 5), and undergoing surgery before the age of 1 year was found to be significant in terms of mortality (p = 0.032, p < 0.05). The bicuspid aortic valve group had the lowest mortality risk, while the Shone complex group had the highest. CONCLUSION With its acceptable reoperation and mortality rates, aortic valve repair should be the first choice of treatment in the paediatric age group. Early results were satisfactory in all groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berra Zumrut Tan-Recep
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Kartal Kosuyolu High Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Can Hatemi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Kartal Kosuyolu High Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Yavuz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Kartal Kosuyolu High Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Inci Yildirim
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu High Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ceyran
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Kartal Kosuyolu High Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Alsoufi B, Knight JH, St. Louis J, Raghuveer G, Kochilas L. Outcomes Following Aortic Valve Replacement in Children With Conotruncal Anomalies. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2022; 13:178-186. [PMID: 35238703 PMCID: PMC9205217 DOI: 10.1177/21501351211072476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conotruncal anomalies can develop aortopathy and/or aortic valve (AV) disease and AV replacement (AVR) is occasionally needed. We report long-term results and examine factors affecting survival following AVR in this group. METHODS We queried the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium (PCCC, US database for interventions for congenital heart diseases) to identify patients with repaired conotruncal anomalies and AVR. Long-term outcomes were provided by the PCCC, the US National Death Index, and Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Competing risks analysis examined outcomes following AVR (death/transplantation, reoperation) and multivariable regression analysis assessed significant factors. RESULTS One hundred six children with repaired conotruncal anomalies underwent AVR (1982-2003). Underlying anomaly was truncus (n = 40), d-transposition (n = 22), type-B interrupted arch (n = 16), double-outlet right ventricle (n = 12), pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (n = 9), tetralogy of Fallot (n = 6), corrected transposition (n = 1). 18 (17%) had prior aortic valvuloplasty (surgical = 12, percutaneous = 6). Median age at AVR was 6.9 years (interquartile range = 2.5-12.4). AV pathophysiology was regurgitation (n = 83, 78%), stenosis (n = 9, 9%), and mixed (n = 14, 15%). AVR type was mechanical (n = 72, 68%), homograft (n = 21, 20%), and Ross (n = 13, 12%). Operative mortality was 13(12%). Infant age at AVR was risk factor (odds ratio = 55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6-539, P = .0006). On competing risks analysis, five years after AVR, 6% died or received transplantation, 20% had reoperation. Twenty-five years transplant-free survival was 53%. Factors associated with death after hospital discharge included mitral surgery (hazards ratio [HR] = 11, 95% CI = 3-39, P = .0002), underlying defect (HR = 2, 95% CI = 1-5, P = .446). Twenty years transplant-free survival in conotruncal anomalies group was inferior to matched children undergoing AVR for congenital non-conotruncal disease (61% vs 82%, P = .0012). CONCLUSIONS Long-term survival following AVR in children with conotruncal anomalies is inferior to that of isolated congenital AV disease and is linked to an underlying cardiac defect. Although valve type was not associated with survival, infant age was a risk factor for operative mortality. Continuous attrition and high reoperation warrant vigilant monitoring.
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16
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Alsoufi B, Knight JH, St. Louis J, Raghuveer G, Kochilas L. Are Mechanical Prostheses Valid Alternatives to the Ross Procedure in Young Children Under 6 Years Old? Ann Thorac Surg 2022; 113:166-173. [PMID: 33359723 PMCID: PMC8219808 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic valve replacement in young children is associated with technical difficulties and potential morbidity. In contrast to the versatile Ross operation, mechanical prostheses (MP) are uncommonly used. METHODS We examined transplant-free survival and cardiac reoperation among 124 young children (aged 1-6 years) who underwent the Ross operation (n = 84) or MP (n = 40) for congenital disease (1982-2003) using the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium database. We explored variables influencing outcomes. RESULTS Children who received MP were operated in an earlier era and were more likely to have aortic regurgitation, conotruncal abnormalities, prior aortic valve surgery, and to need Konno annular enlargement. Although no significant differences were found in hospital mortality (1.2% vs 5.0%, P = .24) or 15-year transplant-free survival (94.1% vs 87.5%, P = .16) between Ross and MP recipients, survival diverged with later follow-up (91.3% vs 68.9%, respectively, at 25 years; P = .01). On multivariable regression analysis the association of MP use and transplant-free survival changed over time (hazard ratios, 0.8 [95% confidence interval, 0.1-4.4; P = .78] vs 6.0 [95% confidence interval, 0.6-63.1; P = .13], respectively) before and after 17 years. Cumulative incidence of cardiac reoperation at 10 years was 37.7% and 53.6% after the Ross procedure and MP, respectively (P = .05). The most common reoperation after the Ross procedure was conduit replacement and pacemaker ± automated internal cardiac defibrillator and after MP was pacemaker ± automated internal cardiac defibrillator and redo aortic valve replacement. CONCLUSIONS Over the study period there was a trend for increased Ross utilization. Interestingly MP use was associated with comparable operative mortality and survival up to 17 years, albeit with higher need for redo aortic valve replacement. On longer follow-up survival diverged with increased attrition in the MP group, likely because of late valve- and reoperation-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica H. Knight
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia College of Public Health
| | - James St. Louis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City
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17
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Kwon JH, Hill M, Gerry B, Kubalak SW, Mohiuddin M, Kavarana MN, Rajab TK. Surgical techniques for aortic valve xenotransplantation. J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 16:358. [PMID: 34961532 PMCID: PMC8714421 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-021-01743-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heart valve replacement in neonates and infants is one of the remaining unsolved problems in cardiac surgery because conventional valve prostheses do not grow with the children. Similarly, heart valve replacement in children and young adults with contraindications to anticoagulation remains an unsolved problem because mechanical valves are thrombogenic and bioprosthetic valves are prone to early degeneration. Therefore, there is an urgent clinical need for growing heart valve replacements that are durable without the need for anticoagulation. Methods A human cadaver model was used to develop surgical techniques for aortic valve xenotransplantation. Results Aortic valve xenotransplantation is technically feasible. Subcoronary implantation of the valve avoids the need for a root replacement. Conclusion Aortic valve xenotransplantation is promising because the development of GTKO.hCD46.hTBM transgenic pigs has brought xenotransplantation within clinical reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie H Kwon
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA.
| | - Morgan Hill
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - Brielle Gerry
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - Steven W Kubalak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Muhammad Mohiuddin
- Xenotransplantation Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Minoo N Kavarana
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - T Konrad Rajab
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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Knight JH, Sarvestani AL, Ibezim C, Turk E, McCracken CE, Alsoufi B, St Louis J, Moller JH, Raghuveer G, Kochilas LK. Multicentre comparative analysis of long-term outcomes after aortic valve replacement in children. Heart 2021; 108:940-947. [PMID: 34611043 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2021-319597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ideal valve substitute for surgical intervention of congenital aortic valve disease in children remains unclear. Data on outcomes beyond 10-15 years after valve replacement are limited but important for evaluating substitute longevity. We aimed to describe up to 25-year death/cardiac transplant by type of valve substitute and assess the potential impact of treatment centre. Our hypothesis was that patients with pulmonic valve autograft would have better survival than mechanical prosthetic. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study from the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium, a multi-institutional US-based registry of paediatric cardiac interventions, linked with the National Death Index and United Network for Organ Sharing through 2019. Children (0-20 years old) receiving aortic valve replacement (AVR) from 1982 to 2003 were identified. Kaplan-Meier transplant-free survival was calculated, and Cox proportional hazard models estimated hazard ratios for mechanical AVR (M-AVR) versus pulmonic valve autograft. RESULTS Among 911 children, the median age at AVR was 13.4 years (IQR=8.4-16.5) and 73% were male. There were 10 cardiac transplants and 153 deaths, 5 after transplant. The 25-year transplant-free survival post AVR was 87.1% for autograft vs 76.2% for M-AVR and 72.0% for tissue (bioprosthetic or homograft). After adjustment, M-AVR remained related to increased mortality/transplant versus autograft (HR=1.9, 95% CI=1.1 to 3.4). Surprisingly, survival for patients with M-AVR, but not autograft, was lower for those treated in centres with higher in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION Pulmonic valve autograft provides the best long-term outcomes for children with aortic valve disease, but AVR results may depend on a centre's experience or patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Knight
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Amber Leila Sarvestani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Chizitam Ibezim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Elizabeth Turk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Courtney E McCracken
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bahaaldin Alsoufi
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - James St Louis
- Department of Surgery, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - James H Moller
- School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Geetha Raghuveer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Lazaros K Kochilas
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Sibley Heart Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Moroi MK, Bacha EA, Kalfa DM. The Ross procedure in children: a systematic review. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 10:420-432. [PMID: 34422554 DOI: 10.21037/acs-2020-rp-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The Ross procedure involves autograft transplantation of the native pulmonary valve into the aortic position and reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) with a homograft. The operation offers the advantages of a native valve with excellent hemodynamic performance, the avoidance of anticoagulation, and growth potential. Conversely, the operation is technically demanding and imposes the risk of turning single-valve disease into double-valve disease. This systematic review reports outcomes of pediatric patients undergoing the Ross procedure. Methods An electronic search identified studies reporting outcomes on pediatric patients (mean age <18 years, max age <21 years) undergoing the Ross procedure. Long-term outcomes, including early mortality, late mortality, sudden unexpected unexplained death, reoperation due to failure of the pulmonary autograft or RVOT reconstruction, thromboembolic events, bleeding events, and endocarditis-related complications, were evaluated. Results Upon review of 2,035 publications, 30 studies and 3,156 pediatric patients were included. Patients had a median age of 9.5 years and median follow-up period of 5.7 years. Early mortality rates varied from 0.0 to 17.0% and were increased in the neonatal population. Late mortality rates were much lower (0.04-1.83%/year). Reoperation due to pulmonary autograft failure occurred at rates of 0.37-2.81%/year and reoperation due to RVOT reconstruction failure was required at rates of 0.34-4.76%/year. Thromboembolic, bleeding, and endocarditis events were reported to occur at rates of 0.00-0.58, 0.00-0.39, and 0.00-1.68%/year, respectively. Conclusions The Ross operation offers a durable aortic valve replacement (AVR) option in the pediatric population that offers favorable survival, excellent hemodynamics, growth potential, decreased risk of complications, and avoidance of anticoagulation. Larger multi-institutional registries focusing on pediatric patients are necessary to provide more robust evidence to further support use of the Ross procedure in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan K Moroi
- Section of Congenital and Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Division of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emile A Bacha
- Section of Congenital and Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Division of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David M Kalfa
- Section of Congenital and Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Division of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Hebala M, Rao V, Jaber O, Congiu S, Bentham J, Thomson J, van Doorn C. The Ross-Konno operation for neonates and infants with severe aortic incompetence following treatment for critical aortic stenosis. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2021; 33:469-473. [PMID: 34297837 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivab113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aortic valve stenosis in neonates and infants is associated with congestive cardiac failure, and balloon or surgical valvuloplasty provides relief of stenosis. Occasionally severe aortic insufficiency necessitates urgent aortic valve replacement. We reviewed our experience with the Ross-Konno procedure in patients <1 year. METHODS Between October 2013 and May 2020, 36 patients underwent balloon (34) or surgical (2) aortic valvuloplasty for aortic stenosis. Six patients subsequently underwent a Ross-Konno procedure. The median age at operation was 55 (27-116) days and weight was 4.25 (2.5-12) kg. All patients were in severe cardiac failure and had a small aortic annulus with Z-score -3.1 (-1 to -4.4). RESULTS There were no early or late deaths. At the latest follow-up at 39 (13-60) months, ventricular function had improved in all patients and no patient was on anti-failure medication. On echocardiography, there wasno more than trivial aortic regurgitation and no left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. One patient required right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit replacement and one patient had homograft stenting. CONCLUSIONS Despite the severe preoperative haemodynamic compromise, the urgent Ross-Konno procedure was associated with excellent operative survival and recovery of ventricular function. The need for reintervention to the pulmonary conduit remains a cause for concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Hebala
- Department of Congenital Cardiac Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Vinay Rao
- Department of Congenital Cardiac Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Osama Jaber
- Department of Congenital Cardiac Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Stefano Congiu
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jamie Bentham
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - John Thomson
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Carin van Doorn
- Department of Congenital Cardiac Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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21
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Asif A, Benedetto U, Ofoe V, Caputo M. Management of rheumatic aortic valve disease using the Ozaki procedure with autologous pericardium: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2021; 5:ytab170. [PMID: 34263116 PMCID: PMC8274643 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytab170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Rheumatic valve disease (RVD) is the most common cause of cardiovascular death in low-middle income nations. Surgical aortic valve (AV) interventions for RVD, especially in children, have proven problematic with graft failure, relapse, and poor compliance with anticoagulation. A novel technique involving neocuspidization of the aortic annulus using autologous pericardium to construct new AV leaflets (the Ozaki procedure) has shown promising outcomes in children with congenital AV disease; however, there are no previous recorded cases using this technique in children with RVD. Case summary We present the case of a 15-year-old male presenting with exertional angina and dyspnoea with a background of previous rheumatic fever. Echocardiography had shown a regurgitant tricuspid AV, left ventricular dilatation with mitral valve leaflet tethering. The patient underwent the Ozaki procedure for his AV regurgitation and was discharged following an uneventful post-operative recovery. The patient had full resolution of symptoms following the procedure and remains well 3 years following his operation. Discussion This case highlights that good outcomes with the Ozaki procedure in RVD are possible 3-years post-operatively and should prompt future studies to evaluate the procedure as a surgical option for paediatric patients in this clinical context. Additionally, the Ozaki procedure may also provide a cost-effective surgical technique requiring minimal additional operative resources and reduced follow-up demand, which would be critical in low-resource clinical settings where RVD is prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashar Asif
- University of Bristol, Medical School, Senate House, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Umberto Benedetto
- University of Bristol, Medical School, Senate House, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
- Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Terrell St, Bristol, BS2 8ED, UK
| | - Victor Ofoe
- Children's Heart Unit for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park Way, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, U K
| | - Massimo Caputo
- University of Bristol, Medical School, Senate House, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
- Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Terrell St, Bristol, BS2 8ED, UK
- Bristol Children’s Hospital, Upper Maudlin St, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, U K
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22
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Komarov RN, Puzenko DV, Isaev RM, Belov IV. [Prosthetic repair of aortic valve cusps with autopericardium in children. State of the art and prospects]. ANGIOLOGII︠A︡ I SOSUDISTAI︠A︡ KHIRURGII︠A︡ = ANGIOLOGY AND VASCULAR SURGERY 2021; 27:191-198. [PMID: 33825748 DOI: 10.33529/angio2021119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
According to the results of modern researchers, the main techniques used in congenital pathology of the aortic valve in children include balloon catheter dilatation of the aortic valve, surgical valvuloplasty, the Ross procedure and replacement of the aortic valve with a mechanical prosthesis. Many surgeons point out that these techniques in congenital pathology of the aortic valve yield suboptimal results. This is often due to the lack of a clear-cut definition between surgeons as to what operation should be performed in a particular age group. According to the reports of the majority of researchers, biological prostheses undergo early degeneration and structural changes in paediatric cardiac surgery and yield the worst results. Comparing the main techniques, optimal haemodynamics is observed after the Ross procedure. A disadvantage of this operation is the necessity of repeat intervention on the right ventricular outflow tract, which is required in 20 to 40%. Concomitant surgery of the mitral valve and/or aortic arch during the Ross procedure significantly increases the lethality and the risk of postoperative complications. Compared with an adult cohort of patients, children after prosthetic repair of the aortic valve using a mechanical prosthesis are more often found to have postoperative complications and a higher mortality rate. Yet another problem encountered in paediatric valve surgery is the unavailability of commercial prostheses sized ?19 mm. The duration of the intraoperative parameters for reconstructions of the aortic valve, the Ross procedure, and replacement of the aortic valve by the results of many studies averagely amounts to 74±34 min, 100±56 min, and 129±71 min, respectively. Yet another method which can be used for neocuspidization of the aortic valve in reconstructive surgery of the aortic root in paediatric patients is the use of glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium. In our opinion, given the simplicity of the procedure, duration of the intraoperative parameters, and acceptable initial results reported by some researchers, the Ozaki procedure may be performed in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Komarov
- Department of Hospital Surgery of the Medical Faculty, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University of the RF Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russia; Department of Faculty Surgery #1, Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University of the RF Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russia; Department of Cardiosurgery, University Clinical Hospital #1, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University of the RF Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - D V Puzenko
- Department of Cardiosurgery, University Clinical Hospital #1, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University of the RF Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - R M Isaev
- Department of Hospital Surgery of the Medical Faculty, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University of the RF Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russia; Department of Faculty Surgery #1, Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University of the RF Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Iu V Belov
- Department of Hospital Surgery of the Medical Faculty, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University of the RF Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Cardioaortic Surgery, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
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23
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Wiggins LM, Kumar SR, Starnes VA. The Ross Procedure in Children: The Gold Standard? Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2021; 24:62-66. [PMID: 34116784 DOI: 10.1053/j.pcsu.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The management of aortic valve disease in the pediatric population is complex and requires an individualized approach and opportune application of techniques focused on each individual patient's specific anatomy, pathology, and clinical presentation. Though some patients may require variations in the approach to management, the ultimate goal should be to perform a Ross procedure when aortic valve replacement is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke M Wiggins
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Heart Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - S Ram Kumar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Heart Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vaughn A Starnes
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Heart Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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24
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Pergola V, Di Salvo G, Fadel B, Galzerano D, Al-Shaid M, Al-Admawi M, Al Amri M, Al-Ahmadi M, Al-Halees Z. The long term results of the Ross procedure: The importance of candidate selection. Int J Cardiol 2020; 320:35-41. [PMID: 32679140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Ross procedure has been considered in children as an optimal surgical procedure due to potential growth of the aortic annulus, lack of anticoagulation requirement, very low morbidity rate and excellent survival. Five-hundred-thirty-six (366 male, mean age 29.4 ± 11.1 years) underwent Ross procedure between 1990 and 2016 and had complete clinical and echocardiographic follow-up. Mean follow-up was 16.3 ± 4.9 years. Patients were divided in 2 groups according to age at surgery. Group 1 consisted of 320 (60%) patients less than 18 years old (223 male, mean age at surgery of 9.5 ± 5.6 years). Group 2 consisted of 216 (40%) patients older than 18 years of age (143 male, mean age at surgery of 26.3 ± 8.2 years). One-hundred-thirty (24%) patients had a redo procedure or surgery. Freedom from all re-operation and or percutaneous reintervention on either the aortic and pulmonary valves was 99% after 1 year, 94% after 5 years, 89% after 10 years, 83% after 15 years and 78% after 20 years. Freedom from redo surgery for AV 99% after 1 year, 94% after 5 years, 90% after 10 years, 81% after 15 years and 80% after 20 years. Freedom from redo surgery for PV was 100% after 1 year, 95% after 5 years, 89% after 10 years, 78% after 15 years and 76% after 20 years. The ideal candidate for Ross operation is a patient with congenital aetiology and an aortic root diameter ≤ 15 mm/m2. A pulmonary fresh preserved homograft seems to perform better on the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pergola
- The Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and research centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Giovanni Di Salvo
- The Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and research centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahaa Fadel
- The Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and research centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Domenico Galzerano
- The Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and research centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maye Al-Shaid
- The Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and research centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Al-Admawi
- The Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and research centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Amri
- The Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and research centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh Al-Ahmadi
- The Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and research centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohair Al-Halees
- The Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and research centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Diop MS, Salmane Ba P, Boubou Aw A, Diagne PA, Sow NF, Ousmane Ba P, Ciss AG. Postoperative morbidity and mortality from aortic valve replacements in 25 cases in Senegal. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 36:118. [PMID: 32821329 PMCID: PMC7406453 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.118.24000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose is to study the short- and medium-term morbidity and mortality linked to the implantation of an aortic prosthesis during cardiac surgery. This is a longitudinal, retrospective and descriptive study which takes place over a period from January 2017 to March 2020 (38 months) at the level of the thoracic and cardiovascular surgery clinic of the university Hospital Center of Fann in Dakar. All patients who underwent aortic valve replacement during this period were included in the study. A number of the series was 25 patients with a sex ratio of 2.66. The average age of the patients was 29.5 years (8-51 years). In the patients’ history, 19 patients (76%) had a notion of recurrent angina. Exercise dyspnea was the most common functional symptomatology present in 24 patients (96%). In the series, there were 22 cases (88%) of aortic insufficiency of various grades (2 to 4) with 7 cases (28%) associated with mitral insufficiency. We had 3 cases (12%) of aortic stenosis. All patients received surgical management under cardiopulmonary bypass. The average duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was 132 minutes ± 41.21 (53-226 minutes). The average duration of aortic clamping was 101 minutes ± 31.87 (53-164 minutes). The surgical procedures consisted in replacing the aortic valve with a biological prosthesis in one patient (4%) and a mechanical prosthesis in 24 patients (96%). The average length of hospital stay in intensive care was 5 days ± 4.03 (2-20 days). The average length of hospital stay was 20.76 days ± 13.19 (9 to 64 days). The average duration of follow-up was 8.2 months ± 4.57 (1 week - 32 months). During the follow-up, only one patient (4%) had developed infectious endocarditis on prosthesis and only one patient (4%) had a complication related to anticoagulant therapy (antivitamin K) such as gingivorrhagia and melena. We had recorded a single case of death at 6 months, a late mortality of 4%. Aortic valve replacement surgery, by median sternotomy gives satisfactory short- and medium-term results with negligible morbidity and negligible operative mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momar Sokhna Diop
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Papa Salmane Ba
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Abdoulaye Boubou Aw
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Papa Amath Diagne
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ndeye Fatou Sow
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Papa Ousmane Ba
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amadou Gabriel Ciss
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
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26
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Ivanov Y, Drury NE, Stickley J, Botha P, Khan NE, Jones TJ, Brawn WJ, Barron DJ. Strategies to Minimise Need for Prosthetic Aortic Valve Replacement in Congenital Aortic Stenosis—Value of the Ross Procedure. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 32:509-519. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Varrica A, Caldaroni F, Saitto G, Satriano A, Lo Rito M, Chiarello C, Ranucci M, Frigiola A, Giamberti A. Outcomes and Quality of Life After Ross Reintervention: Would You Make the Same Choice Again? Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 110:214-220. [PMID: 31770502 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ross procedure was introduced as a long-term if not definitive solution for aortic pathology. However, the rate of reoperation is not negligible. METHODS This single-center prospective study assessed the general outcome of Ross reoperation and patients' perceived quality of life compared with 2 control groups (Ross non-reoperation and mechanical aortic valve replacement). Patient's preference regarding the choice between mechanical aortic valve and Ross procedure was investigated in a subgroup that could theoretically have been directed to either of the 2 procedures. RESULTS Between 2005 and 2017, 64 consecutive patients underwent reoperation after Ross. Median age was 31 years. Median freedom from reoperation after the Ross procedure was 136 months. An autograft reoperation was required in 49, and 25 had homograft failure. No in-hospital death was recorded. Mean follow-up was 77 months (range, 6-164 months). Quality of life was assessed with the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire. The Ross reoperation group showed a lower score involving psychological concerns compared with the other groups. In the reoperated-on patients group, 52 had adequate aortic annulus dimensions to receive a prosthetic valve instead of a Ross procedure. When asked whether they would make the same choice, only 31% confirmed the preference. CONCLUSIONS Reoperations after Ross procedure have low mortality and morbidity. Long-term follow-up showed a high quality of life, even after reoperations. However, owing to psychological concerns after the redo operation, when choosing a Ross procedure, it is our duty to thoroughly explain to patients that a high level of disillusion is predictable in case of reoperations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Varrica
- Congenital Cardiac Surgery Department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.
| | - Federica Caldaroni
- Congenital Cardiac Surgery Department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Saitto
- Congenital Cardiac Surgery Department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Angela Satriano
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Mauro Lo Rito
- Congenital Cardiac Surgery Department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Carmelina Chiarello
- Congenital Cardiac Surgery Department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Marco Ranucci
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frigiola
- Congenital Cardiac Surgery Department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giamberti
- Congenital Cardiac Surgery Department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
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28
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Cuttone F, Alacoque X, Leobon B, Karsenty C, Guitarte A, Dulac Y, Chausseray G, Acar P, Hadeed K. Aortic valve reconstruction in children: A new string to our bow. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 112:653-656. [PMID: 31708440 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Cuttone
- Congenital Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France.
| | - Xavier Alacoque
- Department of Congenital Cardiac Anaesthesiology, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Bertrand Leobon
- Congenital Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Clement Karsenty
- Congenital Cardiology, Children's Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Aitor Guitarte
- Congenital Cardiology, Children's Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Dulac
- Congenital Cardiology, Children's Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Gerald Chausseray
- Department of Congenital Cardiac Anaesthesiology, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Acar
- Congenital Cardiology, Children's Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Khaled Hadeed
- Congenital Cardiology, Children's Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
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29
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Nelson JS, Maul TM, Wearden PD, Pasquali SK, Romano JC. National Practice Patterns and Early Outcomes of Aortic Valve Replacement in Children and Teens. Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 108:544-551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.03.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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d'Udekem Y, Tweddell JS, Karl TR. The great debate series: surgical treatment of aortic valve abnormalities in children. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 53:919-931. [PMID: 29668975 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezy069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is the latest in an EJCTS series entitled 'The Great Debates'. We have chosen the topic of aortic valve (AoV) surgery in children, with a focus on infants and neonates. The topic was selected due to the significant challenges that AoV problems in the young may present to the surgical team. There are many areas of active controversy, despite the vast accumulated world experience. We have tried to incorporate many of these issues in the questions posed, not claiming to be all-inclusive. The individuals invited to this debate are experts in paediatric valve surgery, with broad and successful clinical experiences on multiple continents. We hope that the facts and opinions presented in this debate will generate interest and discussion and perhaps prove useful in decision-making for future complex valve cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves d'Udekem
- Cardiac Surgical Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James S Tweddell
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tom R Karl
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Heart Institute, St. Petersburg, FL, USA.,European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
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31
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Bouhout I, Ba PS, El-Hamamsy I, Poirier N. Aortic Valve Interventions in Pediatric Patients. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 31:277-287. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Desai A, Vafaee T, Rooney P, Kearney JN, Berry HE, Ingham E, Fisher J, Jennings LM. In vitro biomechanical and hydrodynamic characterisation of decellularised human pulmonary and aortic roots. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 79:53-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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33
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Sharabiani MTA, Dorobantu DM, Mahani AS, Turner M, Peter Tometzki AJ, Angelini GD, Parry AJ, Caputo M, Stoica SC. Aortic Valve Replacement and the Ross Operation in Children and Young Adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 67:2858-70. [PMID: 27311525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are several options available for aortic valve replacement (AVR), with few comparative reports in the literature. The optimal choice for AVR in each age group is not clear. OBJECTIVES The study sought to report and compare outcomes after AVR in the young using data from a national database. METHODS AVR procedures were compared after advanced matching, both in pairs and in a 3-way manner, using a Bayesian dynamic survival model. RESULTS A total of 1,501 patients who underwent AVR in the United Kingdom between 2000 and 2012 were included. Of these, 47.8% had a Ross procedure, 37.8% a mechanical AVR, 10.9% a bioprosthesis AVR, and 3.5% a homograft AVR, with Ross patients being significantly younger when compared to the other groups. Overall survival at 12 years was 94.6%. In children, the Ross procedure had a 12.7% higher event-free probability (death or any reintervention) at 10 years when compared to mechanical AVR (p = 0.05). We also compared all procedures except the homograft in a matched population of young adults, where the bioprosthesis had the lowest event-free probability of 78.8%, followed by comparable results in mechanical AVR and Ross, with 86.3% and 89.6%, respectively. Younger age was associated with mortality and pulmonary reintervention in the Ross group and with aortic reintervention in the mechanical AVR. Of all 3 options, only the patients undergoing the Ross procedure approached the survival of the general population. CONCLUSIONS AVR in the young achieves good results, with the Ross being overall better suited for this age group, especially in children. Although freedom from aortic valve reintervention is superior after the Ross procedure, the need for homograft reinterventions is an issue to take into account. All methods have advantages and limitations, with reinterventions being an issue in the long term for all, more crucially in smaller children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan M Dorobantu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom; Cardiology Department, "Prof. C.C. Iliescu" Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Bucharest, Romania.
| | | | - Mark Turner
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Peter Tometzki
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gianni D Angelini
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Parry
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Caputo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Serban C Stoica
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
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34
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Yangni-Angate KH, Meneas C, Diby F, Diomande M, Adoubi A, Tanauh Y. Cardiac surgery in Africa: a thirty-five year experience on open heart surgery in Cote d'Ivoire. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2016; 6:S44-S63. [PMID: 27904843 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2016.10.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few centers for open heart surgery (OHS) are in Sub-Saharan Africa. Lack of OHS results is also noted. By reporting our African experience on OHS, the aim of this study was to fill the gap. METHODS It is a retrospective study on 2,612 patients who were subject to an OHS between 1978 and 2013. Data were collected from demographical, clinical, investigative studies, surgical and outcomes parameters. RESULTS There were 1,475 cases of rheumatic heart diseases (RHD), 126 endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF), 741 congenital heart diseases (CHDs) and 270 various affections. Related to rheumatic valvular surgery we enumerated 1,175 monovalvular (mitral n=778, aortic n=336, tricuspid n=61); 280 bivalvular (mitral + aortic n=150, mitral + tricuspid n=130) and 20 trivalvular. For RHD, average age was 26±10.1 years (4-69 years) and 60% of our patients presented a functional class III or IV according to New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification. A total of 1,481 valvular replacements (bioprostheses n=489, mechanical prostheses n=992) and 445 valvular repair were carried out with a global and late mortality surgery respectively at 7% and 8%. One hundred and twenty-six [126] cases of EMF with right sided form 39, left sided form 40, and bilateral form 47 were colligated. Average age was 12±0.6 years (2-15 years). All patients with EMF underwent surgery; an endocardectomy in all patients combined with valvular reconstruction (n=36) or valvular replacement (n=90) was carried out with a hospital mortality at 16% (n=20). Concerning CHD, the most frequent were ventricular septal defect (VSD) (n=240), atrial septal defect (ASD) (n=200), partial atrio-ventricular sepal defect (n=30) and tetralogy of Fallot (T4F) (n=220), a total correction was performed for those CHD with an early mortality at 6.4% (n=44). CONCLUSIONS OHS in Cote d'Ivoire was successfully performed in most of our patients, the spectrum of acquired valvular heart diseases and CHDs in our country is similar to others in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koffi Herve Yangni-Angate
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Bouake Teaching Hospital, Bouake, Côte d'Ivoire;; Institute of Cardiology of Abidjan, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Christophe Meneas
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Bouake Teaching Hospital, Bouake, Côte d'Ivoire;; Institute of Cardiology of Abidjan, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Florent Diby
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Bouake Teaching Hospital, Bouake, Côte d'Ivoire;; Institute of Cardiology of Abidjan, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Manga Diomande
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Bouake Teaching Hospital, Bouake, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Anicet Adoubi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Bouake Teaching Hospital, Bouake, Côte d'Ivoire;; Institute of Cardiology of Abidjan, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Yves Tanauh
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Cardiology of Abidjan, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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Poncelet AJ, El Khoury G, De Kerchove L, Sluysmans T, Moniotte S, Momeni M, Detaille T, Rubay JE. Aortic valve repair in the paediatric population: insights from a 38-year single-centre experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2016; 51:43-49. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezw259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Alsoufi B, Schlosser B, McCracken C, Sachdeva R, Kogon B, Border W, Mahle WT, Kanter K. Selective management strategy of interrupted aortic arch mitigates left ventricular outflow tract obstruction risk. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 151:412-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Etnel JR, Elmont LC, Ertekin E, Mokhles MM, Heuvelman HJ, Roos-Hesselink JW, de Jong PL, Helbing WA, Bogers AJ, Takkenberg JJ. Outcome after aortic valve replacement in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 151:143-52.e1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Baird CW, Zurakowski D, Bueno A, Borisuk MJ, Raju V, Mokashi SA, Emani S, Marx GR, del Nido PJ. Outcomes and Short-Term Follow-Up in Complex Ross Operations in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Damus-Kaye-Stansel Takedown. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 28:81-9. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Al-Radi OO. Options for aortic valve replacement in children and young adults: “Okay, doctor, but which one do you think I should choose?”. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 151:153-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gupta B, Dodge-Khatami A, Fraser CD, Calhoon JH, Ebeid MR, Taylor MB, Salazar JD. Systemic Semilunar Valve Replacement in Pediatric Patients Using a Porcine, Full-Root Bioprosthesis. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 100:599-605. [PMID: 26141773 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.03.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of systemic semilunar valve disease in growing, young patients is challenging. When replacement is necessary, use of a pulmonary autograft is sometimes not possible for anatomic, pathologic, or technical reasons or due to parental or patient preference. We employed a stentless, porcine, full-root bioprosthesis in this setting and report our outcomes. METHODS Over 9 years (2005 to 2013), 24 patients of mean age 13.1 years (range, 3 months to 20.3 years) underwent operation for mixed stenosis and insufficiency in 16 of 24 (67%), pure insufficiency in 7 of 24 (29%), and pure stenosis in 1 of 24 (4%). Twenty patients had previous interventions of repair or replacement, valvuloplasty, or multiple operations. Survival, follow-up echocardiographic findings, and outcomes were documented. All patients were maintained on daily aspirin. RESULTS There were no hospital deaths and no early or late deaths over a mean follow-up for 23 patients of 46.1 months (range, 14 months to 9.2 years). One patient moved abroad and was lost to follow-up. Echocardiographic follow-up (mean 34.0 months) demonstrated that no patient developed more than mild insufficiency or moderate stenosis. In total, 20 of 24 (83%) showed no insufficiency and 11 of 24 patients (46%) showed no stenosis. Near or complete normalization of left ventricular mass and dimension was demonstrated. There were no explants and no thromboembolic or bleeding events. CONCLUSIONS When use of a pulmonary autograft is not an option, the porcine full-root bioprosthesis appears favorable for systemic semilunar valve replacement in the pediatric and young adult population. Of note, when prosthetic degeneration does occur, stenosis predominates rather than insufficiency. Longer term studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Gupta
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Heart Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ali Dodge-Khatami
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Heart Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Charles D Fraser
- Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - John H Calhoon
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Makram R Ebeid
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Children's Heart Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Mary B Taylor
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, The Children's Heart Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jorge D Salazar
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Heart Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.
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Wilder TJ, Caldarone CA, Van Arsdell GS, Pham-Hung E, Gritti M, Al Jughiman M, Hickey EJ. Aortic valve repair for insufficiency in older children offers unpredictable durability that may not be advantageous over a primary Ross operation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 49:883-92. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bansal N, Kumar SR, Baker CJ, Lemus R, Wells WJ, Starnes VA. Age-Related Outcomes of the Ross Procedure Over 20 Years. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 99:2077-83; discussion 2084-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kallio M, Pihkala J, Sairanen H, Mattila I. Long-term results of the Ross procedure in a population-based follow-up. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 47:e164-70. [PMID: 25661074 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of the Ross procedure in a nationwide follow-up. METHODS This retrospective study involved all children treated with the Ross procedure in Finland between 1994 and 2009. The clinical records were reviewed for demographic and anatomical characteristics, Ross operation data, surgical history and status at the latest follow-up. The median follow-up time was 11.5 (range 2.4-19.2) years. RESULTS Fifty-one patients underwent either the Ross (n = 37) or the Ross-Konno (n = 14) procedure at a median age of 4.8 (range 0.02-16.3) years, including 13 infants (<1 year of age). The indication for the Ross procedure was aortic valve stenosis, regurgitation or both, which was observed in 29, 24 and 47% of patients, respectively. The early mortality (before hospital discharge) rate was 10% (31% in infants) and the late mortality rate 6% (15% in infants). Higher mortality was discovered in patients treated with the Ross-Konno procedure (P = 0.001). The most common cause for reintervention was pulmonary homograft stenosis. The rate of freedom from right ventricular outflow tract reintervention was 98% at 5 years, 83% at 10 years and 59% at 15 years. The rate of freedom from autograft reintervention was 98% at 5 and 10 years, and 81% at 15 years. At the latest follow-up visit, mild-to-moderate aortic root dilatation was reported in 52% of patients, and 4 patients had undergone autograft-related reinterventions. Trivial autograft valve regurgitation was commonly seen, but only 1 patient developed severe autograft regurgitation requiring mechanical valve replacement 15.9 years after the Ross operation. CONCLUSIONS The most common reason for reintervention after the Ross procedure in children is homograft stenosis. Aortic root dilatation and autograft valve regurgitation are relatively common but rarely lead to reinterventions before adulthood. Intraoperative complications and complex cardiac anatomy are associated with high mortality in infants undergoing the Ross-Konno procedure. In our centre, the Ross procedure has provided good long-term results in this challenging group of paediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja Kallio
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Helsinki and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Pihkala
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Helsinki and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Sairanen
- Department of Pediatric and Transplantation Surgery, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Helsinki and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Mattila
- Department of Pediatric and Transplantation Surgery, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Helsinki and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Tretter JT, Langsner A. Timing of aortic valve intervention in pediatric chronic aortic insufficiency. Pediatr Cardiol 2014; 35:1321-6. [PMID: 25179463 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-014-1019-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The timing of aortic valve intervention (AVI) in pediatric patients with chronic aortic insufficiency (AI) is largely based on adult experience, which is fraught with uncertainty and controversy. Current adult guidelines in the absence of symptoms use left ventricular (LV) systolic function and LV dimensions to guide AVI timing, with few studies translating these recommendations to pediatric patients. This article reviews the current guidelines for AVI timing in chronic AI along with the emerging data for pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Tretter
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,
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Zebele C, Chivasso P, Sedmakov C, Angelini G, Caputo M, Parry A, Stoica S. The Ross Operation in Children and Young Adults. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2014; 5:406-12. [DOI: 10.1177/2150135114537532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To determine UK national trends and results of the Ross operation in relation to all aortic valve interventions. Methods: Examination of the UK Congenital Central Cardiac Audit Database for all aortic valve procedures performed between 2000 and 2011 in children (0-16 years) and young adults (16-30 years). Results: A total of 2,206 aortic valve procedures were performed in children and 1,824 in young adults, the proportions in the two groups being: Ross operation (19% vs 15%, respectively), surgical valvoplasty (9.5% vs 4%), surgical valvotomy (9.5% vs 1%), aortic valve replacement (AVR; 11% vs 55%), aortic root replacement (4% vs 18%), and balloon valvoplasty (47% vs 7%). The 30-day and 1-year survival after Ross is 99.3% and 98.7%, respectively, in the last four years achieving 100%. In children, the proportion of balloon valvoplasty increased from an average of 43% in 2000 to 2006 to 53% in 2007 to 2011, whereas the Ross operation decreased from 22% to 16% ( P < .001). In young adults, the figures are an increase from 49% to 58% for AVR compared to a decrease from 23% to 9% for Ross ( P < .001). Our own single-center series of 91 patients also shows standard results for early- and long-term survival and freedom from reoperation, but gradually fewer Ross operations performed. The year-on-year changes show a significant decreasing trend locally and nationally. Conclusions: Despite an excellent track record, the Ross operation is performed less frequently in the United Kingdom. This report is a first step in comparing treatment modalities at national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Zebele
- Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Pierpaolo Chivasso
- Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christo Sedmakov
- Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gianni Angelini
- Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Caputo
- Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Parry
- Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Serban Stoica
- Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Lehoux J, Swartz MF, Atallah-Yunes N, Cholette JM, Alfieris GM. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in children following the Ross procedure. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014; 18:607-10. [PMID: 24756843 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivt462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) frequently accompanies the progression of aortic valve disease in children. The extent of LVH regression following surgical relief of aortic valve disease in children has not been clearly elucidated. We hypothesized that significant regression of LVH will occur in children following the Ross procedure. METHODS We examined LVH over time in children <18 years of age who underwent the Ross procedure. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and corresponding z scores were calculated based on height, age and gender. Left ventricular hypertrophy was defined as an LVMI of > 39 g/m(2.7) and a z score of >1.6. RESULTS Twenty-five children underwent the Ross procedure. The left ventricular mass increased proportionally with the growth of the child from baseline to the latest follow-up at 7.3 ± 2.9 years (121.1 ± 81.5 vs 133.1 ± 79.8 g, P = 0.4). However, 96% (24/25) of children demonstrated LVMI regression from baseline. Mean LVMI decreased from 70.8 ± 31.2 to 41.8 ± 16.6 g/m(2.7) (P < 0.001). Similarly, LVMI z scores decreased from 2.2 ± 1.2 to 0.2 ± 1.9 (P < 0.001). Freedom from LVH was 83% at 10 years. Examination of LVMI and z scores over time demonstrated that the largest decrease occurred after the first year, with continued gradual decline over 10 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The Ross procedure is effective in reversing LVH in children with aortic valve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lehoux
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
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Kandakure P, Prior N, Soda G, Lim J, Dhannapuneni R, Venugopal P, Alphonso N. Outcome of a Repair-Oriented Strategy for the Aortic Valve in Children. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2014; 5:191-9. [DOI: 10.1177/2150135113513476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: We sought to evaluate the mid-term results of a repair-oriented strategy of the aortic valve in children. Methods: Between February 2007 and November 2011, we performed 39 aortic valve repairs in children. Median age and weight at surgery were 5.5 years (3 days-18 years) and 16.7 kg (2.7-83.5), respectively. A total of 11 (28%) patients had one or more prior surgical or interventional cardiologic procedures. Median intensive care unit and hospital stay were two (1-96) and five (3-96) days, respectively. Median and cumulative follow-up were 12.7 months (15 days-64 months) and 48.9 patient-years, respectively. Results: There were 3 (7.7%) early deaths all in patients undergoing additional complex cardiac procedures. Two (5.1%) patients required early surgical revision. Twenty-six (66%) patients had isolated or mixed aortic stenosis. The median gradient reduced from 62.4 (range 16-144) to 17.6 mm Hg (range 0-51.8), postoperatively ( P = .02). At last follow-up, the median gradient remained largely unchanged at 21.1 mm Hg (0-49; P = .02). Twenty-six (66%) patients had isolated or mixed aortic valve regurgitation (mild in 8 [20%], moderate in 15 [38%], and severe in 6 ([15%] patients). The degree of aortic regurgitation improved in all patients with moderate or severe aortic regurgitation ( P = .04). At last follow-up, two patients had moderate aortic regurgitation. Kaplan Meier freedom from reintervention in the survivors was 95% at three years. Conclusions: A repair-oriented strategy for the aortic valve in children has satisfactory early and mid-term results and remains a promising management option in children with aortic valve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kandakure
- Cardiac Surgical Unit, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Prior
- Cardiac Surgical Unit, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Giri Soda
- Department of Cardiology, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Joyce Lim
- Department of Cardiology, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ram Dhannapuneni
- Cardiac Surgical Unit, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Prem Venugopal
- Cardiac Surgical Unit, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nelson Alphonso
- Queensland Paediatric Cardiac Service, Mater Children’s Hospital, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane 4101, Australia
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da Costa FDA, Takkenberg JJM, Fornazari D, Balbi Filho EM, Colatusso C, Mokhles MM, da Costa ABBA, Sagrado AG, Ferreira ADDA, Fernandes T, Lopes SV. Long-term results of the Ross operation: an 18-year single institutional experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 46:415-22; discussion 422. [PMID: 24566847 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezu013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to assess the 18-year outcome of the Ross operation (RO), with emphasis on survival, reoperations, and late function of the pulmonary autografts (PAs) and the right-sided pulmonary allografts. METHODS Between May 1995 to July 2013, 414 patients with a mean age (mean ± standard deviation) of 30.8 ± 13.1 years were submitted to an RO with the root replacement (n = 356) or the inclusion (n = 58) technique. The most prevalent aetiology was bicuspid valve (n = 206, 49.8%). Patients were divided in four groups depending on the type of allograft used on the right side. The mean follow-up was 8.2 ± 5.2 years and was 97.7% complete. In addition to longitudinal outcomes determined by means of the Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank test and Cox regression analysis were used to identify predictors of valve failure. RESULTS The early mortality rate was 2.7% and the late survival rate was 89.3% at 15 years, similar to an age- and sex-matched population. There were 22 reoperations on the PA (90.7% freedom at 15 years) and 15 on the pulmonary allografts (92.5% freedom at 15 years). The freedom rate from more than mild aortic insufficiency (AI) was 73.1% at 15 years. Thirty-three patients presented with a late root diameter >45 mm, corresponding to a freedom rate of 72.4% at 15 years. Patients with AI and a dilated annulus, especially males, are at greater risk for these complications. Among the right-sided allografts, fresh decellularized allografts showed significantly superior freedom from structural valve dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS The RO was associated with excellent long-term survival and low incidence of reoperations up to 15 years. Male patients with AI and dilated annulus are at increased risk for late insufficiency and root dilatation. Fresh decellularized allografts presented the best results for reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniele Fornazari
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Santa Casa de Curitiba - PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Claudinei Colatusso
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Santa Casa de Curitiba - PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Tiago Fernandes
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Santa Casa de Curitiba - PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Sergio Veiga Lopes
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Santa Casa de Curitiba - PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil
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Andreas M, Wiedemann D, Seebacher G, Rath C, Aref T, Rosenhek R, Heinze G, Eigenbauer E, Simon P, Ruetzler K, Hiesmayr JM, Moritz A, Laufer G, Kocher A. The Ross procedure offers excellent survival compared with mechanical aortic valve replacement in a real-world setting. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 46:409-13; discussion 413-4. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezt663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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