1
|
Sharma N, Sharma A, Rai Y, Karwasra R, Khanna K, Nishad K, Bhatt AN, Bhatnagar A, Kakkar D. Protective Effect of Organ Preservation Fluid Supplemented With Nicorandil and Rutin Trihydrate: A Comparative Study in a Rat Model of Renal Ischemia. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2022; 20:569-579. [DOI: 10.6002/ect.2022.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
2
|
Chen W, Deng M, Wang H, Wang Y, Zhou W, Yu T. ROS‑associated mechanism of different concentrations of pinacidil postconditioning in the rat cardiac Nrf2‑ARE signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:433. [PMID: 33846798 PMCID: PMC8060791 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have confirmed that 50 µmol/l pinacidil postconditioning (PPC) activates the nuclear factor-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant responsive element (ARE) pathway, which protects the myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury; however, whether this is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation remains unclear. In the present study, a Langendorff rat model of isolated myocardial IR was established to investigate the mechanism of PPC at different concentrations, as well as the association between the rat myocardial Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and ROS. A total of 48 rats were randomly divided into the following six groups (n=8 per group): i) Normal; ii) IR iii) 10 µmol/l PPC (P10); iv) 30 µmol/l PPC (P30); v) 50 µmol/l PPC (P50); and vi) N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (MPG; a ROS scavenger) + 50 µmol/l pinacidil (P50 + MPG). At the end of reperfusion (T3), compared with the IR group, the P10, P30 and P50 groups exhibited improved cardiac function, such as left ventricular development pressure, heart rate, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, +dp/dtmax, myocardial cell ultrastructure and mitochondrial Flameng score. Furthermore, the P10 and P50 groups demonstrated the weakest and most marked improvements, respectively. Additionally, in the P10, P30 and P50 groups, the residual ROS content at the end of reperfusion was highly negatively correlated with relative expression levels of Nrf2 gene and protein. Higher pinacidil concentration was associated with higher ROS generation at 5 min post-reperfusion (T2), although this was significantly lower compared with the IR group, as well as with increased expression levels of antioxidant proteins and phase II detoxification enzymes downstream of the Nrf2 and Nrf2-ARE pathways. This result was associated with a stronger ability to scavenge ROS during reperfusion, leading to lower levels of ROS at the end of reperfusion (T3) and less myocardial damage. The optimal myocardial protective effect was achieved by 50 mmol/l pinacidil. However, cardiac function of the P50 + MPG group was significantly decreased, ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes was significantly impaired and the relative expression levels of genes and proteins in the Nrf2-ARE pathway were decreased. The aforementioned results confirmed that different PPC concentrations promoted early generation of ROS and activated the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway following reperfusion, regulated expression levels of downstream antioxidant proteins and alleviated myocardial IR injury in rats. Treatment with 50 mmol/l pinacidil resulted in the best myocardial protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Mengyuan Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Tian Yu
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mitochondrial proteomics alterations in rat hearts following ischemia/reperfusion and diazoxide post‑conditioning. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:161. [PMID: 33355377 PMCID: PMC7789131 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diazoxide post-conditioning (D-Post) has been shown to be effective in alleviating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, the specific mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, isolated rat hearts were subjected to I/R injury and D-Post. The mitochondria were extracted, and mitochondrial protein expression was detected in normal, I/R and D-Post hearts using two-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Differentially expressed proteins were then identified using comparative proteomics. In total, five differentially expressed proteins were identified between the I/R and D-Post hearts. Compared with the I/R hearts, the expression of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 1 (NDUFV1), NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit (NDUFS1), 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) and ATP synthase α subunit (isoform CRA_b, gi|149029482) was increased in D-Post hearts. In addition, the expression of another isoform of ATP synthase α subunit (isoform CRA_c, gi|149029480) was decreased in the D-Post group compared with the I/R group. The expression profiles of NDUFV1, NDUFS1 and OGDH in the two groups were further validated via western blotting. The five differentially expressed proteins may be protective effectors in D-Post, as well as potential targets for the treatment of cardiac I/R injury.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zheng G, Wang M, Ren Q, Han T, Li Y, Sun S, Li X, Feng F. Experimental observation of mitochondrial oxidative damage of liver cells induced by isonicotinic acid hydrazide. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:4289-4293. [PMID: 30988801 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the oxidative damage of liver mitochondria as an adverse effect of the anti-tuberculosis drug isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH). The human hepatoblastoma cell line (HepG2) was exposed to INH at concentrations of 0, 1, 2 or 4 mg/ml for 24, 48, 72 or 96 h, and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in mitochondria were detected. Changes in the mitochondrial ultrastructure were observed by electron microscopy. Along with the increase of incubation time and dose of INH, activities of mitochondrial SOD and GSH-Px decreased, MDA and 8-OHdG content increased, and the mitochondrial ultrastructure displayed varying degrees of pathological changes. In conclusion, INH was found to cause liver cell injury by inducing mitochondrial DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Manman Wang
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Qi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Tiesheng Han
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Shufeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Fumin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carmo HPD, Reichert K, Carvalho DDD, Silveira-Filho LDM, Vilarinho K, Oliveira P, Petrucci O. Lidocaine and Pinacidil Added to Blood versus Crystalloid Cardioplegic Solutions: Study in Isolated Hearts. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 33:211-216. [PMID: 30043912 PMCID: PMC6089128 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2017-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed the functional recovery evaluation after long term of cardiac arrest induced by Custodiol (crystalloid-based) versus del Nido (blood-based) solutions, both added lidocaine and pinacidil as cardioplegic agents. Experiments were performed in isolated rat heart perfusion models. METHODS Male rat heart perfusions, according to Langendorff technique, were induced to cause 3 hours of cardiac arrest with a single dose. The hearts were assigned to one of the following three groups: (I) control; (II) Custodiol-LP; and (III) del Nido-LP. They were evaluated after ischemia throughout 90 minutes of reperfusion. Left ventricular contractility function was reported as percentage of recovery, expressed by developed pressure, maximum dP/dt, minimum dP/dt, and rate pressure product variables. In addition, coronary resistance and myocardial injury marker by alpha-fodrin degradation were also evaluated. RESULTS At 90 minutes of reperfusion, both solutions had superior left ventricular contractile recovery function than the control group. Del Nido-LP was superior to Custodiol-LP in maximum dP/dt (46%±8 vs. 67%±7, P<0.05) and minimum dP/dt (31%±4 vs. 51%±9, P<0.05) variables. Coronary resistance was lower in del Nido-LP group than in Custodiol-LP (395%±50 vs. 307%±13, P<0.05), as well as alpha-fodrin degradation, with lower levels in del Nido-LP group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Del Nido-LP cardioplegia showed higher functional recovery after 3 hours of ischemia. The analysis of alpha-fodrin degradation showed del Nido-LP solution provided greater protection against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (IR) in this experimental model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karla Reichert
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karlos Vilarinho
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Orlando Petrucci
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gen WR, Fu CY, He HH, Zheng MZ, Wang LL, Yang Y, Shen YL, Chen YY. Linagliptin improved myocardial function recovery in rat hearts after a prolonged hypothermic preservation. Life Sci 2018; 210:47-54. [PMID: 30170072 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, can promote the recovery of cardiac function after hypothermic preservation. MAIN METHODS Rat hearts were preserved in cold Celsior solution with or without linagliptin for 9 h. Cardiac function was evaluated at 60 min of reperfusion after hypothermic preservation. Cardiac mitochondrial morphology was observed using transmission electron microscope. The expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) were detected using Western blot. KEY FINDINGS Compared with Celsior group, supplement of Celsior solution with linagliptin (0.25-0.75 nM) could significantly prevent hypothermic preservation-induced cardiac dysfunction. The expression of NOX2 protein, ROS level and MDA content in cardium were increased after hypothermic preservation, which was inhibited by linagliptin. Although the mitofusin1, 2, optic atrophy type 1, and total Drp1 expression in myocardium did not change, the level of p-Drp1 S616 and mitochondrial Drp1 were enhanced after hypothermic preservation. Linagliptin supplement could inhibit the hypothermic preservation-induced increase in p-Drp1 S616 and mitochondrial Drp1 protein, and mitigate the mitochondrial fragmentation. Level of p-CaMKII protein enhanced after hypothermic preservation, which could be prevented by linagliptin or a NOX2 inhibitor Phox-I2. Both Phox-I2 and a CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 could reduce the hypothermic preservation-induced increase in p-Drp1 S616 and mitochondrial Drp1 protein. SIGNIFICANCE Supplement Celsior solution with linagliptin could improve cardiac function recovery in 9-h hypothermic preserved rat hearts. The cardioprotective effect of linagliptin might be due to the inhibition of Drp1 phosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation by preventing NOX2-mediated CaMKII activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ran Gen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chun-Yan Fu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui-Hui He
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, China
| | - Yue-Liang Shen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang L, Cao S, Deng S, Yao G, Yu T. Ischemic postconditioning and pinacidil suppress calcium overload in anoxia-reoxygenation cardiomyocytes via down-regulation of the calcium-sensing receptor. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2612. [PMID: 27833799 PMCID: PMC5101590 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic postconditioning (IPC) and ATP sensitive potassium channel (KATP) agonists (e.g. pinacidil and diazoxide) postconditioning are effective methods to defeat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, but their specific mechanisms of reducing I/R injury are not fully understood. We observed an intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) overload in Anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) cardiomyocytes, which can be reversed by KATP agonists diazoxide or pinacidil. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) regulates intracellular calcium homeostasis. CaSR was reported to be involved in the I/R-induced apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes. We therefore hypothesize that IPC and pinacidil postconditioning (PPC) reduce calcium overload in I/R cardiomyocytes by the down-regulation of CaSR. A/R model was established with adult rat caridomyocyte. mRNA and protein expression of CaSR were detected, IPC, PPC and KATP’s effects on [Ca2+]i concentration was assayed too. IPC and PPC ameliorated A/R insult induced [Ca2+]i overload in cardiomyocytes. In addition, they down-regulated the mRNA and protein level of CaSR as we expected. CaSR agonist spermine and KATP blocker glibenclamide offset IPC’s effects on CaSR expression and [Ca2+]i modulation. Our data indicate that CaSR down-regulation contributes to the mitigation of calcium overload in A/R cardiomyocytes, which may partially represents IPC and KATP’s myocardial protective mechanism under I/R circumstances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Song Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shengli Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Gang Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pinacidil-postconditioning is equivalent to ischemic postconditioning in defeating cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 780:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
9
|
Liu Q, Li BS, Song YJ, Hu MG, Lu JY, Gao A, Sun XJ, Guo XM, Liu R. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in mice with obstructive jaundice. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3588-96. [PMID: 26936224 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that hydrogen-rich saline (HS) protects against bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver injury by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation. Mitochondria, which are targets of excessive reactive oxygen species and central mediators of apoptosis, have a pivotal role in hepatic injury during obstructive jaundice (OJ); however, the implications of HS in the hepatic mitochondria of BDL mice remain unknown. The present study investigated the hypothesis that HS could reduce OJ‑induced liver injury through the protection of mitochondrial structure and function, as well as inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three experimental groups: Sham operation group, BDL injury with normal saline (NS) treatment group, and BDL‑injury with HS treatment group. Mitochondrial damage and apoptotic parameters were determined 3 days post‑BDL injury and treatment. The results demonstrated that mitochondria isolated from the livers of NS-treated BDL mice exhibited increased mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome c release, and oxidative damage. In addition, liver samples from NS‑treated BDL mice exhibited significant increases in B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated X protein expression, caspase activities, and hepatocyte apoptosis compared with livers from sham‑operated controls. Notably, treatment with HS reduced the levels of these markers and alleviated morphological defects in the mitochondria following injury. In addition, HS markedly increased the antioxidant potential of mitochondria, as evidenced by elevated adenosine triphosphate levels, mitochondrial respiratory function, and increased levels of active Bcl‑2. In conclusion, HS attenuates mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction, and inhibits mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in the livers of BDL mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qu Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Shan Li
- Department of General Surgery, People's Liberation Army No. 254 Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300141, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jiao Song
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Gen Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Yue Lu
- Department of General Surgery, People's Liberation Army No. 254 Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300141, P.R. China
| | - Ang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, People's Liberation Army No. 254 Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300141, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Jun Sun
- Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Ming Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cao S, Liu Y, Wang H, Mao X, Chen J, Liu J, Xia Z, Zhang L, Liu X, Yu T. Ischemic postconditioning influences electron transport chain protein turnover in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1706. [PMID: 26925330 PMCID: PMC4768691 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia postconditioning (IPo) is a promising strategy in reducing myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury (MIRI), but its specific molecular mechanism is incompletely understood. Langendorff-perfused isolated rat hearts were subjected to global I/R and received IPo in the absence or presence of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP) blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD). Myocardial mitochondria were extracted and mitochondrial comparative proteomics was analyzed. IPo significantly reduces post-ischemic myocardial infarction and improved cardiac function in I/R rat hearts, while 5-HD basically cancelled IPo's myocardial protective effect. Joint application of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2DE) and MALDI-TOF MS identified eight differentially expressed proteins between groups. Expression of cardiac succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein subunit (SDHA) increased more than two-fold after I/R, while IPo led to overexpression of dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (DLD), NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 1 and isoform CRA_b (NDUFV1). When the mitoKATP was blocked, MICOS complex subunit Mic60 (IMMT) and Stress-70 protein (Grp75) were over expressed, while DLDH, ATPase subunit A (ATPA) and rCG44606 were decreased. Seven of the differential proteins belong to electron transport chain (ETC) or metabolism regulating proteins, and five of them were induced by closing mitoKATP in I/R hearts. We thus conclude that IPo's myocardial protective effect relies on energy homeostasis regulation. DLD, SDHA, NDUFV1, Grp75, ATPA and rCG44606 may contribute to IPo's cardial protective effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China; Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China; Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College , Zunyi , China
| | - Xiaowen Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Jincong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College , Zunyi , China
| | - Jiming Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College , Zunyi , China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Xingkui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College , Zunyi , China
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cao S, Liu Y, Sun W, Zhao L, Zhang L, Liu X, Yu T. Genome-Wide Expression Profiling of Anoxia/Reoxygenation in Rat Cardiomyocytes Uncovers the Role of MitoKATP in Energy Homeostasis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:756576. [PMID: 26171116 PMCID: PMC4485557 DOI: 10.1155/2015/756576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoK(ATP)) is a common end effector of many protective stimuli in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). However, the specific molecular mechanism underlying its myocardial protective effect is not well elucidated. We characterized an anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) model using freshly isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes. MitoK(ATP) status was interfered with its specific opener diazoxide (DZ) or blocker 5-hydroxydecanote (5-HD). Digital gene expression (DGE) and bioinformatic analysis were deployed. Three energy metabolism related genes (MT-ND6, Idh2, and Acadl) were upregulated when mitoK(ATP) opened. In addition, as many as 20 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in five energy homeostasis correlated pathways (PPAR, TCA cycle, fatty acid metabolism, and peroxisome). These findings indicated that mitoK(ATP) opening in MIRI resulted in energy mobilization, which was confirmed by measuring ATP content in cardiomyocytes. These causal outcomes could be a molecular mechanism of myocardial protection of mitoKATP and suggested that the mitoK(ATP) opening plays a physiologic role in triggering cardiomyocytes' energy homeostasis during MIRI. Strategies of modulating energy expenditure during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion may be promising approaches to reduce MIRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
- Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Wenting Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xinkui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Minasian SM, Galagudza MM, Dmitriev YV, Karpov AA, Vlasov TD. Preservation of the donor heart: from basic science to clinical studies. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014; 20:510-9. [PMID: 25538253 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The methods of donor heart preservation are aimed at minimizing graft dysfunction caused by ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) which inevitably occurs during the ex vivo transport interval. At present, the standard technique of heart preservation is cardiac arrest followed by static cold storage in a crystalloid heart preservation solution (HPS). This technique ensures an acceptable level of heart protection against IRI for <6 h. In clinical trials, comparable levels of myocardial protection against IRI were provided by various HPSs. The growing shortage of donor hearts is one of the major factors stimulating the development of new techniques of heart preservation. Here, we summarize new HPS formulations and provide a focus for optimization of the composition of existing HPSs. Such methods of donor heart preservation as machine perfusion, preservation at sub-zero temperature and oxygen persufflation are also discussed. Furthermore, we review experimental data showing that pre- and post-conditioning of the cardiac graft can improve its function when used in combination with cold storage. The evidence on the feasibility of cardiac donation after circulatory death, as well as the techniques of heart reconditioning after a period of warm ischaemia, is presented. The implementation of new techniques of donor heart preservation may contribute to the use of hearts from extended criteria donors, thereby expanding the total donor pool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarkis M Minasian
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Federal Almazov Medical Research Centre, St Petersburg, Russian Federation Department of Pathophysiology, First Pavlov State Medical University of St Petersburg, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Michael M Galagudza
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Federal Almazov Medical Research Centre, St Petersburg, Russian Federation Department of Pathophysiology, First Pavlov State Medical University of St Petersburg, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri V Dmitriev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Federal Almazov Medical Research Centre, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Karpov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Federal Almazov Medical Research Centre, St Petersburg, Russian Federation Department of Pathophysiology, First Pavlov State Medical University of St Petersburg, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Timur D Vlasov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Federal Almazov Medical Research Centre, St Petersburg, Russian Federation Department of Pathophysiology, First Pavlov State Medical University of St Petersburg, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ozcinar E, Okatan EN, Tuncay E, Eryilmaz S, Turan B. Improvement of functional recovery of donor heart following cold static storage with doxycycline cardioplegia. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2014; 14:64-73. [PMID: 24104944 PMCID: PMC3936127 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-013-9231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Injury to the donor heart during cold preservation has a negative impact on graft survival before transplantation. This study aims to examine whether doxycycline, known as an MMP-2 inhibitor, has a positive effect on donor heart preservation via its antioxidant action when added to standard preservation solution. Hearts were obtained from 3-month-old male Wistar rats and randomly divided into three groups: hearts stored for 1 h at 4 °C (1) with doxycycline preservation solution (DOX cardioplegia) with low Ca(2+); (2) with standard cardioplegia with low Ca(2+); and (3) unstored hearts. All hearts were perfused in working mode, arrested at 37 °C, removed from the perfusion system, reattached in Langendorff perfusion system, and converted to working mode for 1 h. At the end of the storage period, hearts preserved in DOX cardioplegia had significantly less weight gain than those preserved in the standard cardioplegia. DOX cardioplegia-induced preservation resulted in significantly higher heart rates and better recovery quality during reperfusion in aortic flow compared to the standard cardioplegia group. Recovery in the left ventricular function and Lambeth Convention Arrhythmia scores during 1 h reperfusion were also significantly better in the DOX cardioplegia group. Biochemical data showed that DOX cardioplegia prevented an increase in MMP-2 activity and blocked apoptosis through increased activity of the pro-survival kinase Akt in the donor heart homogenates. DOX cardioplegia also led to a balanced oxidant/antioxidant level in the heart homogenates. This is the first study to report that cardioplegia solution containing doxycycline provides better cardioprotection via the preservation of heart function, through its role in controlling cellular redox status during static cold storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evren Ozcinar
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara Diskapi Training and Research Hospital, Ministry of Health, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Choi EM, Jung WW, Suh KS. Pinacidil protects osteoblastic cells against antimycin A-induced oxidative damage. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:746-52. [PMID: 25334089 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of a non-selective mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channel (mito-KATP) opener, pinacidil, on antimycin A-induced oxidative damage in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Antimycin A inhibits mitochondrial electron transport by binding to complex III. Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with antimycin A in the presence or absence of pinacidil and markers of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress were subsequently examined. The effects of pinacidil on the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt and cyclic adenosine monophosphate‑responsive element-binding protein (CREB) were also examined. In osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to antimycin A, pinacidil inhibited antimycin A-induced cell death. The protective effects of pinacidil on cell survival were prevented by the addition of LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor), an Akt inhibitor or auranofin [a thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor], but not by KATP channel inhibitor glibenclamide. Pinacidil inhibited antimycin A-induced inactivation of PI3K and Akt as well as phosphorylation of CREB and TrxR. Furthermore, pinacidil prevented antimycin A-induced mitochondrial superoxide release, mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation, reduced ATP synthesis and intracellular [Ca2+] elevation. In conclusion, these results suggested that pinacidil may rescue osteoblastic cells from antimycin A-induced cellular damage, potentially via antioxidant activity and restoration of mitochondrial function, which are mediated in part by the PI3K/Akt/CREB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Won Jung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Chungcheong 360-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Suh
- Research Institute of Endocrinology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 130-702, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Comparative analysis of preservation method and intermittent perfusion volume on the expression of endothelial and inflammatory markers by coronal artery and myocardium in porcine donor hearts. ASAIO J 2014; 60:681-7. [PMID: 25232770 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although continuous perfusion of donor hearts for preservation during transportation has been widely applied, intermittent perfusion has been suggested as an alternative. The aim of this study was to identify the optimal intermittent perfusion protocol by investigating the effects of perfusion volume on endothelial and inflammatory marker expression by the coronary artery. Donor porcine hearts were perfused with various volumes of Celsior solution supplemented with diazoxide (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ml) every 2 h for 30 min each for a 10 h period. The effects on cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelial cell morphology and marker expression were compared to the immersion control group. Whereas an incomplete endothelial cell layer with disorganized connective tissue was observed in the control and 50, 100, and 150 ml intermittent perfusion groups, transmission electron microscopic analysis revealed a complete endothelial cell layer in the intima with an organized subendothelium. A perfusion volume-dependent increase in eNOS expression that coincided with a decrease in ET-1, ICAM-1, vWF, and P-selectin expression was detected (all p < 0.01). Intermittent perfusion with 200 ml of Celsior solution every 2 h conferred protective effects simultaneously to the coronary arteries and myocardium on the porcine donor heart over a clinically relevant preservation period.
Collapse
|
16
|
ATP-sensitive K(+)-channels in muscle cells: features and physiological role. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj86.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
17
|
Suh KS, Lee YS, Choi EM. Pinacidil stimulates osteoblast function in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35:359-64. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2013.773447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
18
|
Abstract
We investigated the beneficial effect of pinacidil pretreatment on vascular reactivity, calcium sensitivity, and animal survival after hemorrhagic shock, its relationship to protein kinase Cα (PKCα), protein kinase Cε (PKCε), and adenosine. Using hemorrhagic shock rats, the protective effects of different extents of pinacidil pretreatment on vascular reactivity and in which the roles of PKCα, PKCε, and adenosine were observed. Pinacidil pretreatment significantly improved shock-induced decrease of vascular reactivity of superior mesenteric artery, which was antagonized by the PKCα antagonist Gö-6976 (5 × 10 mole/L) and PKCε pseudosubstrate inhibitory peptide (1 × 10 mole/L). Pinacidil pretreatment induced the translocation of PKCα and PKCε from the cytoplasm to the membrane. This translocation of PKCα and PKCε was eliminated by adenosine A1 receptor antagonist DPCPX (1 × 10 mole/L). As compared with simple fluid resuscitation, combination with pinacidil pretreatment significantly improved the vascular reactivity and survival rate of hemorrhagic-shocked rats. These results suggested that pinacidil pretreatment could induce good protective effects on vascular reactivity and calcium sensitivity after hemorrhagic shock mainly through the activation of PKCα and PKCε via adenosine A1 receptor, and this protective effect made an important contribution to the overall outcome of shock therapy.
Collapse
|
19
|
Atamna H, Mackey J, Dhahbi JM. Mitochondrial pharmacology: electron transport chain bypass as strategies to treat mitochondrial dysfunction. Biofactors 2012; 38:158-66. [PMID: 22419586 PMCID: PMC4299858 DOI: 10.1002/biof.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction (primary or secondary) is detrimental to intermediary metabolism. Therapeutic strategies to treat/prevent mitochondrial dysfunction could be valuable for managing metabolic and age-related disorders. Here, we review strategies proposed to treat mitochondrial impairment. We then concentrate on redox-active agents, with mild-redox potential, who shuttle electrons among specific cytosolic or mitochondrial redox-centers. We propose that specific redox agents with mild redox potential (-0.1 V; 0.1 V) improve mitochondrial function because they can readily donate or accept electrons in biological systems, thus they enhance metabolic activity and prevent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These agents are likely to lack toxic effects because they lack the risk of inhibiting electron transfer in redox centers. This is different from redox agents with strong negative (-0.4 V; -0.2 V) or positive (0.2 V; 0.4 V) redox potentials who alter the redox status of redox-centers (i.e., become permanently reduced or oxidized). This view has been demonstrated by testing the effect of several redox active agents on cellular senescence. Methylene blue (MB, redox potential ≅10 mV) appears to readily cycle between the oxidized and reduced forms using specific mitochondrial and cytosolic redox centers. MB is most effective in delaying cell senescence and enhancing mitochondrial function in vivo and in vitro. Mild-redox agents can alter the biochemical activity of specific mitochondrial components, which then in response alters the expression of nuclear and mitochondrial genes. We present the concept of mitochondrial electron-carrier bypass as a potential result of mild-redox agents, a method to prevent ROS production, improve mitochondrial function, and delay cellular aging. Thus, mild-redox agents may prevent/delay mitochondria-driven disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hani Atamna
- Department of Basic Sciences, Neuroscience, The Commonwealth Medical College, Scranton, PA 18509, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Giorgi C, Agnoletto C, Bononi A, Bonora M, De Marchi E, Marchi S, Missiroli S, Patergnani S, Poletti F, Rimessi A, Suski JM, Wieckowski MR, Pinton P. Mitochondrial calcium homeostasis as potential target for mitochondrial medicine. Mitochondrion 2011; 12:77-85. [PMID: 21798374 PMCID: PMC3281195 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial in different intracellular pathways of signal transduction. Mitochondria are capable of decoding a variety of extracellular stimuli into markedly different intracellular actions, ranging from energy production to cell death. The fine modulation of mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis plays a fundamental role in many of the processes involving this organelle. When mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis is compromised, different pathological conditions can occur, depending on the cell type involved. Recent data have shed light on the molecular identity of the main proteins involved in the handling of mitochondrial Ca2+ traffic, opening fascinating and ambitious new avenues for mitochondria-based pharmacological strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Agnoletto
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angela Bononi
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena De Marchi
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sonia Missiroli
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Poletti
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jan M. Suski
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Corresponding author at: Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Via Borsari, 46 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Advances in heart transplantation: The year in review. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011; 30:241-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|