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Novel Genes Involved in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Data of Transcriptome and Methylome Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315280. [PMID: 36499607 PMCID: PMC9739701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited heart disease; its pathogenesis is still being intensively studied to explain the reasons for the significant genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of the disease. To search for new genes involved in HCM development, we analyzed gene expression profiles coupled with DNA methylation profiles in the hypertrophied myocardia of HCM patients. The transcriptome analysis identified significant differences in the levels of 193 genes, most of which were underexpressed in HCM. The methylome analysis revealed 1755 nominally significant differentially methylated positions (DMPs), mostly hypomethylated in HCM. Based on gene ontology enrichment analysis, the majority of biological processes, overrepresented by both differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DMP-containing genes, are involved in the regulation of locomotion and muscle structure development. The intersection of 193 DEGs and 978 DMP-containing genes pinpointed eight common genes, the expressions of which correlated with the methylation levels of the neighboring DMPs. Half of these genes (AUTS2, BRSK2, PRRT1, and SLC17A7), regulated by the mechanism of DNA methylation, were underexpressed in HCM and were involved in neurogenesis and synapse functioning. Our data, suggesting the involvement of innervation-associated genes in HCM, provide additional insights into disease pathogenesis and expand the field of further research.
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Maroofi A, Bagheri Rouch A, Naderi N, Damirchi A. Effects of two different exercise paradigms on cardiac function, BDNF-TrkB expression, and myocardial protection in the presence and absence of Western diet. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2022; 40:101022. [PMID: 35399608 PMCID: PMC8991101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2022.101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) -tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) signaling is a vital regulator of myocardial performance. Here, we tested the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on heart function, metabolic parameters, and serum/cardiac BDNF (with its TrkB receptor) in animals fed a Western (WD) or regular diet (ND). Further, myocardial expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) and cardioprotective molecule heme oxygens-1 (HO-1) were monitored. Methods Wistar rats were divided into HIIT, MICT, and sedentary (SED), all fed a WD or ND, for 12 weeks. Heart function, protein expression, and serum factors were assessed via echocardiography, western blotting, and ELISA, respectively. Results WD plus SED caused insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, visceral fat deposition, serum BDNF depletion as well as cardiac upregulation of IL-18 and downregulation of HO-1, without affecting, heart function and BDNF-TrkB expression. The cardiometabolic risk factors, serum BDNF losses, and IL-18 overexpression were similarly obviated by HIIT and MICT, although HO-1 expression was boosted by HIIT exclusively (even in ND). HIIT enhanced heart function, regardless of the diet. HIIT augmented cardiac BDNF expression, with a significant difference between ND and WD. Likewise, HIIT instigated TrkB expression only in ND. Conclusions HIIT and MICT can cope with myocardial inflammation and cardiometabolic risk factors in WD consumers and, exclusively, HIIT may grant further protection by increasing heart function, BDNF-TrkB expression, and HO-1 expression. Thus, the HIIT paradigm should be considered as a preference for subjects who require heart function to be preserved or enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbaset Maroofi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Bagheri Rouch
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nasim Naderi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arsalan Damirchi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Cluzel GL, Ryan PM, Herisson FM, Caplice NM. High-fidelity porcine models of metabolic syndrome: a contemporary synthesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E366-E381. [PMID: 35224983 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00413.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to describe and compare porcine models of metabolic syndrome. This syndrome and its associated secondary comorbidities are set to become the greatest challenge to healthcare providers and policy makers in the coming century. However, an incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis has left significant knowledge gaps in terms of efficacious therapeutics. To further our comprehension and, in turn, management of metabolic syndrome, appropriate high-fidelity models of the disease complex are of great importance. In this context, our review aims to assess the most promising porcine models of metabolic syndrome currently available for their similarity to the human phenotype. In addition, we aim to highlight the strengths and shortcomings of each model in an attempt to identify the most appropriate application of each. Although no porcine model perfectly recapitulates the human metabolic syndrome, several pose satisfactory approximations. The Ossabaw miniature swine in particular represents a highly translatable model that develops each of the core parameters of the syndrome with many of the associated secondary comorbidities. Future high-fidelity porcine models of metabolic syndrome need to focus on secondary sequelae replication, which may require extended induction period to reveal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaston L Cluzel
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul M Ryan
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Florence M Herisson
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Noel M Caplice
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Gorący I, Rębacz-Maron E, Korbecki J, Gorący J. Concentrations of Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, P and anthropometric and biochemical parameters in adults with chronic heart failure. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12207. [PMID: 34760349 PMCID: PMC8567860 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study investigated the relationship between the concentrations of Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, P and anthropometric and biochemical parameters in the blood serum of patients with heart failure (HF) and the potential influence on the development and progression of HF. Material & methods The study included 214 patients (155 men and 59 women), aged 40–87 years, presenting symptoms or signs typical of HF (according to the NYHA functional classification). Serum concentrations were determined for Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, P, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, urea, triglyceride levels (TG), total cholesterol (CH), high density protein (HDL), low density protein (LDL). The levels of macro-and microminerals were analysed using inductively coupled serum optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results Our study confirmed the role of known risk factors in the development of heart failure, including: overweight, diabetes, hypertension, high triglycerides (TG), high total cholesterol (CH), high levels of low density protein (LDL) and reduced levels of high density protein (HDL), high CRP, high creatinine. Moreover, deficient serum concentrations of Mg (47% of the studied men and 54% of the women) and Cu (in 44% of men and more than 30% of women) were observed, as well as subnormal serum Fe (2% of women) and Zn (1% of men). Elevated serum Ca was found in 50% of men and 49% of women. In 44% of the studied men and 52% of the studied women, P levels in serum were also above-average. The study revealed a significant positive correlation between serum levels of Ca and Mg, and also Ca and Cu in women. In men, serum Cu was positively correlated with Mg and Ca concentrations. In patients from group 1 (NYHA I–II), Mg content was positively correlated with Ca and Cu. In this patient group, Ca was also positively associated with Cu content in serum. In group 2 (NYHA III-IV), serum Mg concentration was significantly positively correlated with that of Cu and Ca. Conclusions Changes in the serum concentrations of macro-and microminerals may significantly affect the severity of HF in Polish patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Gorący
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Rębacz-Maron
- Institute of Biology, Department of Ecology and Anthropology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Korbecki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jarosław Gorący
- Clinic of Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Merkus D, Muller-Delp J, Heaps CL. Coronary microvascular adaptations distal to epicardial artery stenosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H2351-H2370. [PMID: 33961506 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00992.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, epicardial coronary stenosis has been considered the primary outcome of coronary heart disease, and clinical interventions have been dedicated primarily to the identification and removal of flow-limiting stenoses. However, a growing body of literature indicates that both epicardial stenosis and microvascular dysfunction contribute to damaging myocardial ischemia. In this review, we discuss the coexistence of macro- and microvascular disease, and how the structure and function of the distal microcirculation is impacted by the hemodynamic consequences of an epicardial, flow-limiting stenosis. Mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction as well as alterations of smooth muscle function in the coronary microcirculation distal to stenosis are discussed. Risk factors including diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and aging exacerbate microvascular dysfunction in the myocardium distal to a stenosis, and our current understanding of the role of these factors in limiting collateralization and angiogenesis of the ischemic myocardium is presented. Importantly, exercise training has been shown to promote collateral growth and improve microvascular function distal to stenosis; thus, the current literature reporting the mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of exercise training in the microcirculation distal to epicardial stenosis is reviewed. We also discuss recent studies of therapeutic interventions designed to improve microvascular function and stimulate angiogenesis in clinically relevant animal models of epicardial stenosis and microvascular disease. Finally, microvascular adaptation to removal of epicardial stenosis is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Merkus
- Institute for Surgical Research, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine (WBex), University Clinic, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judy Muller-Delp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Cristine L Heaps
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey Institute for Comparative Cardiovascular Science and Biomedical Devices, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Zohorsky K, Mequanint K. Designing Biomaterials to Modulate Notch Signaling in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 27:383-410. [PMID: 33040694 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The design of cell-instructive biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is at a crossroads. Although the conventional tissue engineering approach is top-down (cells seeded to macroporous scaffolds and mature to form tissues), bottom-up tissue engineering strategies are becoming appealing. With such developments, we can study cell signaling events, thus enabling functional tissue assembly in physiologic and diseased models. Among many important signaling pathways, the Notch signaling pathway is the most diverse in its influence during tissue morphogenesis and repair following injury. Although Notch signaling is extensively studied in developmental biology and cancer biology, our knowledge of designing biomaterial-based Notch signaling platforms and incorporating Notch signaling components into engineered tissue systems is limited. By incorporating Notch signaling to tissue engineering scaffolds, we can direct cell-specific responses and improve engineered tissue maturation. This review will discuss recent progress in the development of Notch signaling biomaterials as a promising target to control cellular fate decisions, including the influences of ligand identity, biophysical material cues, ligand presentation strategies, and mechanotransduction. Notch signaling is consequently of interest to direct, control, and reprogram cellular behavior on a biomaterial surface. We anticipate that discussions in this article will allow for enhanced knowledge and insight into designing Notch targeted biomaterials for various tissue engineering and cell fate determinations. Impact statement Notch signaling is recognized as an important pathway in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine; however, there is no systematic review on this topic. The comprehensive review and perspectives presented here provide an in-depth discussion on ligand presentation strategies both in 2D and in 3D cell culture environments involving biomaterials/scaffolds. In addition, this review article provides insight into the challenges in designing cell surrogate biomaterials capable of providing Notch signals. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first review relevant to the fields of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Zohorsky
- School of Biomedical Engineering and The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- School of Biomedical Engineering and The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Abstract
Swine disease models are essential for mimicry of human metabolic and vascular pathophysiology, thereby enabling high-fidelity translation to human medicine. The worldwide epidemic of obesity, metabolic disease, and diabetes has prompted the focus on these diseases in this review. We highlight the remarkable similarity between Ossabaw miniature swine and humans with metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis. Although the evidence is strongest for swine models of coronary artery disease, findings are generally applicable to any vascular bed. We discuss the major strengths and weaknesses of swine models. The development of vascular imaging is an example of optimal vascular engineering in swine. Although challenges regarding infrastructure and training of engineers in the use of swine models exist, opportunities are ripe for gene editing, studies of molecular mechanisms, and use of swine in coronary artery imaging and testing of devices that can move quickly to human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sturek
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5120, USA; .,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 46907, USA
| | - Mouhamad Alloosh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5120, USA;
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
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Moftah N, Mubarak R, Abdelghani R. Clinical, trichoscopic, and folliscopic identification of the impact of metabolic syndrome on the response to intradermal dutasteride 0.02% injection in patients with female pattern hair loss: a prospective cohort study. J DERMATOL TREAT 2019; 32:827-836. [PMID: 31868049 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1708849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No studies investigating the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in treatment response of female pattern hair loss (FPHL). OBJECTIVE In this prospective cohort study, we studied the impact of MetS in response to intradermal dutasteride 0.02% injection in patients with FPHL. METHODS Fifty-one adult participants with FPHL were classified into study cohorts: with MetS and comparison cohorts without MetS. Both groups underwent clinical, trichoschopic, and digital folliscopic evaluation. Treatment was scheduled over a period of 3 months as four weekly sessions, followed by another four bimonthly sessions. Response was evaluated by digital folliscopy, investigator's, and patient's self assessments at 1 and 3 months post-treatment. Side effects were evaluated. RESULTS In participants with MetS, there was a significant reduction of the mean percentage of terminal hair with significant increase of the mean percentage of vellus hair (p = .003, .006, respectively) compared with participants without MetS at 1 month after treatment. These significant differences persisted at 3 months after treatment; for terminal and vellus hair (p = .000) with significant reduction in the mean hair thickness (p = .002) compared with participants without MetS. CONCLUSIONS MetS negatively impacted FPHL in terms of response to intradermal injection of dutasteride 0.02% and severity. Further studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayera Moftah
- Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana Mubarak
- Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania Abdelghani
- Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
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Yuan F, Woollard JR, Jordan KL, Lerman A, Lerman LO, Eirin A. Mitochondrial targeted peptides preserve mitochondrial organization and decrease reversible myocardial changes in early swine metabolic syndrome. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:431-442. [PMID: 29267873 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The mechanisms responsible for cardiac damage in the early stages of metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain unknown. Mitochondria are intimately associated with cellular myofibrils, with the cytoskeleton functioning as a linkage coordinator, and closely associated to the calcium release sites of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). We hypothesized that early MetS is characterized by mitochondria-related myocardial damage, associated with altered cytoskeletal-mitochondria-SR interaction. Methods and results Domestic pigs were studied after 16 weeks of diet-induced MetS, MetS treated for the last 4 weeks with the mitochondrial-targeted peptide elamipretide (ELAM; 0.1 mg/kg SC q.d), or Lean controls (n = 6/group). Cardiac remodeling and function were assessed by fast comuted tomography. Myocardial mitochondrial structure, SR-mitochondria interaction, calcium handling, cytoskeletal proteins, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were studied ex-vivo. MetS pigs developed hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance, yet cardiac function was preserved. MetS-induced mitochondrial disorganization, decreased (C18:2)4 cardiolipin, disrupted ATP/ADP balance, and decreased cytochrome-c oxidase (COX)-IV activity. MetS also increased mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)/NADP and GSH/GSSG, and decreased myocardial desmin and β2 tubulin immunoreactivity, and impaired SR-mitochondrial interaction and mitochondrial calcium handling, eliciting myocardial oxidative stress and apoptosis. ELAM improved mitochondrial organization and cardiolipin species profile, restored ATP/ADP ratio and COX-IV activity, decreased H202 production, and improved generation of NADPH and GSH. ELAM also improved cytoskeletal-mitochondria-SR interaction and mitochondrial calcium handling, attenuating oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Conclusions Disorganization of cardiomyocyte cytoskeletal-mitochondria-SR network is associated with cardiac reversible changes in early MetS, preceding overt cardiac dysfunction. These findings may introduce novel therapeutic targets for blunting cardiac damage in early MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, PR China
| | - John R Woollard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kyra L Jordan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Fang HC, Wu BQ, Hao YL, Luo Y, Zhao HL, Zhang WY, Zhang ZL, Liang JJ, Liu W, Chen XH. KRT1 gene silencing ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via the activation of the Notch signaling pathway in mouse models. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3634-3646. [PMID: 30191968 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury (MIRI) includes major drawbacks, such as excessive formation of free radicals and also overload of calcium, which lead to cell death, tissue scarring, and remodeling. The current study aims to explore whether KRT1 silencing may ameliorate MIRI via the Notch signaling pathway in mouse models. Myocardial tissues were used for the determination of the positive rate of KRT1 protein expression, apoptosis of myocardial cells, creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) expression, expression of related biomarkers as well as myocardial infarction area. The transfected myocardial cells were treated with KRT1-siRNA, Jagged1, and DAPT (inhibitor of Notch-1 signaling pathway). The expression of KRT1, NICD, Hes1, Bcl-2, and Bax protein was detected. The MTT assay was applied for cell proliferation and flow cytometry was used for cell apoptosis. Mice with MIRI had a higher positive rate of KRT1 protein expression, apoptosis of myocardial cells, CK and LDH expression, myocardial infarction area, increased expression of MDA, NO, SDH, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, KRT1, Bax protein, CK, and LDH, and decreased expression of SOD, NICD, Hes1, and Bcl-2. The downregulation of KRT1 led to decreased expression of KRT1 and Bax protein, increased expression of NICD, Hes1, and Bcl-2, decreased cell apoptosis, and improved cell proliferation. The inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway leads to reduced expression of Bax, increased expression of NICD, Hes1, and Bcl 2, and also decreased cell apoptosis and increased cell proliferation. Our data conclude that KRT1 silencing is able to make MIRI better by activating the Notch signaling pathway in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Cheng Fang
- Shenzhen Baoan Shajing People's Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bao-Quan Wu
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun-Ling Hao
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong-Lei Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen-Ying Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin-Jie Liang
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xie-Hui Chen
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Shen J, Zhao Z, Shang W, Liu C, Zhang B, Xu Z, Cai H. Fabrication of a nano polymer wrapping Meg3 ShRNA plasmid for the treatment of cerebral infarction. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:894-903. [PMID: 29956569 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1471483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral infarction is with poorer prognosis and high rates of mortality. After cerebral infarction, the promoting angiogenesis can accelerate the recovery of neurological function. Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (Meg3) was overexpressed in cerebral infarction area and the knockdown of Meg3 promotes neovascularization and improves nerve function. In this study, we fabricated a nano-polymer wrapped Meg3 short hairpin RNA (ShRNA) plasmid to knockdown Meg3 and conjugated with OX26 antibody (MPO) to realize the brain targeting for the treatment of cerebral infarction. The MPO particle size was 103 ± 11 nm (PDI = 0.27) detected by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and the zeta potential of MPO was -32 mV. MPO achieved brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC) targeting and enhanced endothelial cells migration (p < .05), and tube formation (p < .05) in vitro. MPO realized brain tissue target, reduced the volume of cerebral infarction (p < .05) detected by TTC staining, increased capillary density through the HE staining and increased cerebral cortex micro-vessel through immunofluorescence method in vivo. The angiogenesis associated genes Vegfa, and Vegfr2 were upregulated after the treatment of MPO, compared with Meg3 or control plasmid treated group. This study suggested that MPO could achieve brain target and significantly promoted angiogenesis and became a new treatment method for cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Shen
- a Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine , Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Zhiming Zhao
- a Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine , Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Wei Shang
- a Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine , Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Chunli Liu
- a Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine , Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- a Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine , Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Zihan Xu
- a Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine , Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Hui Cai
- a Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine , Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing , PR China
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12
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Badin JK, Kole A, Stivers B, Progar V, Pareddy A, Alloosh M, Sturek M. Alloxan-induced diabetes exacerbates coronary atherosclerosis and calcification in Ossabaw miniature swine with metabolic syndrome. J Transl Med 2018. [PMID: 29523165 PMCID: PMC5845376 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a preponderance of evidence implicating diabetes with increased coronary artery disease (CAD) and calcification (CAC) in human patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), but the effect of diabetes on CAD severity in animal models remains controversial. We investigated whether diabetes exacerbates CAD/CAC and intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) dysregulation in the clinically relevant Ossabaw miniature swine model of MetS. Methods Sixteen swine, eight with alloxan-induced diabetes, were fed a hypercaloric, atherogenic diet for 6 months. Alloxan-induced pancreatic beta cell damage was examined by immunohistochemical staining of insulin. The metabolic profile was confirmed by body weight, complete blood panel, intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), and meal tolerance test. CAD severity was assessed with intravascular ultrasound and histology. [Ca2+]i handling in coronary smooth muscle (CSM) cells was assessed with fura-2 ratiometric imaging. Results Fasting and post-prandial blood glucose, total cholesterol, and serum triglycerides were elevated in MetS-diabetic swine. This group also exhibited hypoinsulinemia during IVGTT and less pancreatic beta cell mass when compared to lean and MetS-nondiabetic swine. IVUS analysis revealed that MetS-diabetic swine had greater percent wall coverage, percent plaque burden, and calcium index when compared to lean and MetS-nondiabetic swine. Fura-2 imaging of CSM [Ca2+]i revealed that MetS-nondiabetic swine exhibited increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ store release and Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels compared to lean swine. MetS-diabetic swine exhibited impaired Ca2+ efflux. Conclusions Diabetes exacerbates coronary atherosclerosis and calcification in Ossabaw miniature swine with MetS, accompanied by progression of [Ca2+]i dysregulation in advanced CAD/CAC. These results recapitulate increased CAD in humans with diabetes and establish Ossabaw miniature swine as an animal model for future MetS/diabetes comorbidity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill K Badin
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 385, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5120, USA
| | - Ayeeshik Kole
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 385, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5120, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Dr, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Benjamin Stivers
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 385, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5120, USA
| | - Victor Progar
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 385, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5120, USA
| | - Anisha Pareddy
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 385, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5120, USA
| | - Mouhamad Alloosh
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 385, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5120, USA
| | - Michael Sturek
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 385, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5120, USA. .,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Dr, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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13
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Cai Z, Zhao B, Deng Y, Shangguan S, Zhou F, Zhou W, Li X, Li Y, Chen G. Notch signaling in cerebrovascular diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2883-98. [PMID: 27574001 PMCID: PMC5042775 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is a crucial regulator of numerous fundamental cellular processes. Increasing evidence suggests that Notch signaling is involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, and thus in the progress of cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, Notch signaling in cerebrovascular diseases is associated with apoptosis, angiogenesis and the function of blood-brain barrier. Despite the contradictory results obtained to date as to whether Notch signaling is harmful or beneficial, the regulation of Notch signaling may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Deng
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Shouqin Shangguan
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Faming Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Wenqing Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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14
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Pasipoularides A. Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: Part 2-Morphomechanical Abnormalities, Gene Reexpression, and Gender Effects on Ventricular Hypertrophy and Its Reversibility. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2016; 9:374-99. [PMID: 27184804 PMCID: PMC4992466 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-016-9695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In part 1, we considered cytomolecular mechanisms underlying calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), hemodynamics, and adaptive feedbacks controlling pathological left ventricular hypertrophy provoked by ensuing aortic valvular stenosis (AVS). In part 2, we survey diverse signal transduction pathways that precede cellular/molecular mechanisms controlling hypertrophic gene expression by activation of specific transcription factors that induce sarcomere replication in-parallel. Such signaling pathways represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention and prevention of decompensation/failure. Hypertrophy provoking signals, in the form of dynamic stresses and ligand/effector molecules that bind to specific receptors to initiate the hypertrophy, are transcribed across the sarcolemma by several second messengers. They comprise intricate feedback mechanisms involving gene network cascades, specific signaling molecules encompassing G protein-coupled receptors and mechanotransducers, and myocardial stresses. Future multidisciplinary studies will characterize the adaptive/maladaptive nature of the AVS-induced hypertrophy, its gender- and individual patient-dependent peculiarities, and its response to surgical/medical interventions. They will herald more effective, precision medicine treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ares Pasipoularides
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke/NSF Research Center for Emerging Cardiovascular Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes and an important contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, occurs in nearly 35% of adults and 50% of the aging population in the United States. However, the underlying mechanisms by which MetS orchestrates and amplifies cardiovascular events remain elusive. Furthermore, traditional therapeutic strategies addressing lifestyle modifications and individual components of MetS are often unsuccessful in decreasing morbidity due to MetS. The availability of an adequate experimental platform that mimics the complexity of MetS may allow development of novel management techniques. Swine models, including domestic pigs and minipigs, have made important contributions to our understanding of many aspects of MetS. Given their similarity to human anatomy and physiology, those models may have significant predictive power for elucidating the pathophysiology of MetS in a manner applicable to humans. Moreover, experimental maneuvers and drugs can be tested in these preclinical models before application in patients with MetS. This review highlights the utility of the pig as an animal model for metabolic disorders, which may play a crucial role in novel drug development to optimize management of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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16
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Abstract
Despite many advances in percutaneous and surgical interventions in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), up to one-third of patients are still either not candidates or receive suboptimal revascularization. Calpains are a class of calcium-activated non-lysosomal cysteine proteases that serve as a proteolytic unit for cellular homeostasis. Uncontrolled activation of calpain has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of myocardial reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial stunning and cardiac ischemia. Inhibition of calpains has been shown to significantly attenuate myocardial stunning and reduced infarct size after ischemia-reperfusion. Calpain inhibition therefore serves as a potential medical therapy for patients suffering from a number of diseases, including CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Potz
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School Brown University
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