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Zheng K, Hao Y, Xia C, Cheng S, Yu J, Chen Z, Li Y, Niu Y, Ran S, Wang S, Ye W, Luo Z, Li X, Zhao J, Li R, Zong J, Zhang H, Lai L, Huang P, Zhou C, Xia J, Zhang X, Wu J. Effects and mechanisms of the myocardial microenvironment on cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1429020. [PMID: 39050889 PMCID: PMC11266095 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1429020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian cardiomyocyte has a limited capacity for self-renewal, which leads to the irreversible heart dysfunction and poses a significant threat to myocardial infarction patients. In the past decades, research efforts have been predominantly concentrated on the cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. However, the heart is a complex organ that comprises not only cardiomyocytes but also numerous noncardiomyocyte cells, all playing integral roles in maintaining cardiac function. In addition, cardiomyocytes are exposed to a dynamically changing physical environment that includes oxygen saturation and mechanical forces. Recently, a growing number of studies on myocardial microenvironment in cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration is ongoing. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in myocardial microenvironment, which plays an important role in cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexiao Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanglin Hao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenkun Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoxian Cheng
- Jingshan Union Hospital, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jizhang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqing Niu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuan Ran
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weicong Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilong Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiulu Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Zong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Longyong Lai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pinyan Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahong Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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2
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Zheng S, Ye L. Hemodynamic Melody of Postnatal Cardiac and Pulmonary Development in Children with Congenital Heart Diseases. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:234. [PMID: 38666846 PMCID: PMC11048247 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Hemodynamics is the eternal theme of the circulatory system. Abnormal hemodynamics and cardiac and pulmonary development intertwine to form the most important features of children with congenital heart diseases (CHDs), thus determining these children's long-term quality of life. Here, we review the varieties of hemodynamic abnormalities that exist in children with CHDs, the recently developed neonatal rodent models of CHDs, and the inspirations these models have brought us in the areas of cardiomyocyte proliferation and maturation, as well as in alveolar development. Furthermore, current limitations, future directions, and clinical decision making based on these inspirations are highlighted. Understanding how CHD-associated hemodynamic scenarios shape postnatal heart and lung development may provide a novel path to improving the long-term quality of life of children with CHDs, transplantation of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixie Zheng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 200127, China;
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Lincai Ye
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 200127, China;
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 200127, China
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Li D, Hong H, Li M, Xu X, Wang S, Xiao Y, Zheng S, Wang Z, Yan Y, Chen H, Zhou C, Zhang H, Sun Q, Ye L. A surgical mouse model of neonatal right ventricular outflow tract obstruction by pulmonary artery banding. J Heart Lung Transplant 2024; 43:496-507. [PMID: 37839791 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD Diseased animal models play an extremely important role in preclinical research. Lacking the corresponding animal models, many basic research studies cannot be carried out, and the conclusions obtained are incomplete or even incorrect. Right ventricular (RV) outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction leads to RV pressure overload (PO) and reduced pulmonary blood flow (RPF), which are 2 of the most important pathophysiological characteristics in pediatric cardiovascular diseases and seriously affect the survival rate and long-term quality of life of many children. Due to the lack of a neonatal mouse model for RVOT obstruction, it is largely unknown how RV PO and RPF regulate postnatal RV and pulmonary development. The aim of this study was to construct a neonatal RVOT obstruction mouse model. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we first introduced a neonatal mouse model of RVOT obstruction by pulmonary artery banding (PAB) on postnatal day 1. PAB induced neonatal RVOT obstruction, RV PO, and RPF. Neonatal RV PO induced cardiomyocyte proliferation, and neonatal RPF induced pulmonary dysplasia, the 2 features that are not observed in adult RVOT obstruction. As a result, PAB neonates exhibited overall developmental dysplasia, a sign similar to that of children with RVOT obstruction. CONCLUSIONS Because many pediatric cardiovascular diseases are associated with RV PO and RPF, the introduction of a neonatal mouse model of RVOT obstruction may greatly enhance our understanding of these diseases and eventually improve or save the lives of many children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debao Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifa Hong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuxia Xu
- Department of Radiology, Huangpu Branch, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoubao Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Xiao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sixie Zheng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Rare Pediatric Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Center for Pediatric Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Rare Pediatric Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Center for Pediatric Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lincai Ye
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Dong Z, Chen D, Zheng S, Wang Z, Li D, Xiao Y, Sun S, Ye L, Qiu L, Hu Y, Hong H. Volume overload impedes the maturation of sarcomeres and T-tubules in the right atria: a potential cause of atrial arrhythmia following delayed atrial septal defect closure. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1237187. [PMID: 37908335 PMCID: PMC10614073 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1237187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adult patients with atrial septal defects (ASD), the most common form of adult congenital heart disease, often die of arrhythmias, and the immaturity of cardiomyocytes contributes significantly to arrhythmias. ASD typically induces a left-to-right shunt, which then leads to the right atrium (RA) volume overload (VO). Whether or not VO contributes to RA cardiomyocyte immaturity and thereby causes arrhythmias in adult patients with ASD remains unclear. Methods: Here, we developed the first neonatal RA VO mouse model by creating a fistula between the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta on postnatal day 7. RA VO was confirmed by increases in the mean flow velocity, mean pressure gradient, and velocity time integral across the tricuspid valve, and an increase in the RA diameter and RA area middle section. Results: We found that VO decreased the regularity and length of sarcomeres, and decreased the T-element density, regularity, and index of integrity of T-tubules in RA cardiomyocytes, suggesting that the two most important maturation hallmarks (sarcomere and T-tubules) of RA cardiomyocytes were impaired by VO. Accordingly, the calcium handling capacity of cardiomyocytes from postnatal day 21 (P21) RA was decreased by VO. VO caused a significant elongation of the PR interval. The expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) was decreased in RA VO. Moreover, gene ontology (GO) analysis of the downregulated genes in RA demonstrated that there was an abundance of enriched terms associated with sarcomeres and T-tubules exposed to VO. The results were further verified by qRT-PCR. Conclusions: In conclusion, the first neonatal RA VO mouse model was developed; furthermore, using this neonatal RA VO mouse model, we revealed that VO impeded RA sarcomere and T-tubule maturation, which may be the underlying causes of atrial arrhythmias in adult patients with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Dong
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dian Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sixie Zheng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Debao Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Xiao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijuan Sun
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lincai Ye
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisheng Qiu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifa Hong
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Li D, Qiu L, Hong H, Chen H, Zhao P, Xiao Y, Zhang H, Sun Q, Ye L. A neonatal rat model of pulmonary vein stenosis. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:112. [PMID: 37337290 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS), one of the most challenging clinical problems in congenital heart disease, leads to secondary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy. Due to the lack of a rodent model, the mechanisms underlying PVS and its associated secondary effects are largely unknown, and treatments are minimally successful. This study developed a neonatal rat PVS model with the aim of increasing our understanding of the mechanisms and developing possible treatments for PVS. METHODS PVS was created at postnatal day 1 (P1) by banding pulmonary veins that receive blood from the right anterior and mid lobes. The condition was confirmed using echocardiography, computed tomography (CT), gross anatomic examination, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, fibrosis staining, and immunofluorescence. Lung and RV remodeling under the condition of PVS were evaluated using H&E staining, fibrosis staining, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS At P21, echocardiography revealed a change in wave form and a decrease in pulmonary artery acceleration time-indicators of PAH-at the transpulmonary valve site in the PVS group. CT at P21 showed a decrease in pulmonary vein diameter in the PVS group. At P30 in the PVS group, gross anatomic examination showed pulmonary congestion, H&E staining showed wall thickening and lumen narrowing in the upstream pulmonary veins, and immunofluorescence showed an increase in the smooth muscle layers in the upstream pulmonary veins. In addition, at P30 in the PVS group, lung remodeling was evidenced by hyperemia, thickening of pulmonary small vessel walls and smooth muscle layers, and reduction of the number of alveoli. RV remodeling was evidenced by an increase in RV free wall thickness. CONCLUSIONS A neonatal rat model of PVS was successfully established, showing secondary lung and RV remodeling. This model may serve as a useful platform for understanding the mechanisms and treatments for PVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debao Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lisheng Qiu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Haifa Hong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Peibin Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yingying Xiao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Lincai Ye
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Li DB, Xu XX, Hu YQ, Cui Q, Xiao YY, Sun SJ, Chen LJ, Ye LC, Sun Q. Congenital heart disease-associated pulmonary dysplasia and its underlying mechanisms. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L89-L101. [PMID: 36472329 PMCID: PMC9925164 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00195.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observation indicates that exercise capacity, an important determinant of survival in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), is most decreased in children with reduced pulmonary blood flow (RPF). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we obtained human RPF lung samples from children with tetralogy of Fallot as well as piglet and rat RPF lung samples from animals with pulmonary artery banding surgery. We observed impaired alveolarization and vascularization, the main characteristics of pulmonary dysplasia, in the lungs of RPF infants, piglets, and rats. RPF caused smaller lungs, cyanosis, and body weight loss in neonatal rats and reduced the number of alveolar type 2 cells. RNA sequencing demonstrated that RPF induced the downregulation of metabolism and migration, a key biological process of late alveolar development, and the upregulation of immune response, which was confirmed by flow cytometry and cytokine detection. In addition, the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A rescued pulmonary dysplasia and increased the expression of the Wnt signaling pathway, which is the driver of postnatal lung development. We concluded that RPF results in pulmonary dysplasia, which may account for the reduced exercise capacity of patients with CHD with RPF. The underlying mechanism is associated with immune response activation, and immunosuppressants have a therapeutic effect in CHD-associated pulmonary dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Bao Li
- 1Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Xia Xu
- 4Department of Radiology, Huangpu Branch, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qing Hu
- 3Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Cui
- 3Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ying Xiao
- 1Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Juan Sun
- 5Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- 3Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin-Cai Ye
- 2Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Sun
- 1Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Li D, Wang J, Fang Y, Hu Y, Xiao Y, Cui Q, Jiang C, Sun S, Chen H, Ye L, Sun Q. Impaired cell-cell communication and axon guidance because of pulmonary hypoperfusion during postnatal alveolar development. Respir Res 2023; 24:12. [PMID: 36631871 PMCID: PMC9833865 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypoperfusion is common in children with congenital heart diseases (CHDs) or pulmonary hypertension (PH) and causes adult pulmonary dysplasia. Systematic reviews have shown that some children with CHDs or PH have mitigated clinical outcomes with COVID-19. Understanding the effects of pulmonary hypoperfusion on postnatal alveolar development may aid in the development of methods to improve the pulmonary function of children with CHDs or PH and improve their care during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is characterized by cytokine storm and persistent inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS We created a neonatal pulmonary hypoperfusion model through pulmonary artery banding (PAB) surgery at postnatal day 1 (P1). Alveolar dysplasia was confirmed by gross and histological examination at P21. Transcriptomic analysis of pulmonary tissues at P7(alveolar stage 2) and P14(alveolar stage 4) revealed that the postnatal alveolar development track had been changed due to pulmonary hypoperfusion. Under the condition of pulmonary hypoperfusion, the cell-cell communication and axon guidance, which both determine the final number of alveoli, were lost; instead, there was hyperactive cell cycle activity. The transcriptomic results were further confirmed by the examination of axon guidance and cell cycle markers. Because axon guidance controls inflammation and immune cell activation, the loss of axon guidance may explain the lack of severe COVID-19 cases among children with CHDs or PH accompanied by pulmonary hypoperfusion. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that promoting cell-cell communication or supplementation with guidance molecules may treat pulmonary hypoperfusion-induced alveolar dysplasia, and that COVID-19 is less likely to cause a cytokine storm in children with CHD or PH accompanied by pulmonary hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debao Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Jing Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- grid.412523.30000 0004 0386 9086Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Hu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Xiao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Qing Cui
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Jiang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Sijuan Sun
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Lincai Ye
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Qi Sun
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
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Zhang M, Alamaw E, Jampachaisri K, Huss M, Pacharinsak C. Effectiveness of two extended-release buprenorphine formulations during postoperative period in neonatal rats. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276327. [PMID: 36251720 PMCID: PMC9576048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Information on the effectiveness of a new long-lasting buprenorphine formulation, extended-release buprenorphine, in the neonatal rat is very limited. This study compares whether a high dose of extended-release buprenorphine (XR-Hi) attenuates thermal hypersensitivity for a longer period than a low dose of extended-release buprenorphine (XR-Lo) in a neonatal rat incisional pain model. Two experiments were performed. Experiment one: Male and female postnatal day-5 rat pups (n = 38) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups and received a subcutaneous administration of one of the following: 1) 0.9%NaCl (Saline), 0.1 mL; 2) sustained release buprenorphine (Bup-SR), 1 mg/kg; 3) XR-Lo, 0.65 mg/kg; and 4) XR-Hi, 1.3 mg/kg. Pups were anesthetized with sevoflurane in 100% O2 and a 5 mm long skin incision was made over the left lateral thigh and underlying muscle dissected. The skin was closed with surgical tissue glue. Thermal hypersensitivity testing (using a laser diode) and clinical observations were conducted 1 hour (h) prior to surgery and subsequently after 1, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72 h of treatment. Experiment two: The plasma buprenorphine concentration level was evaluated at 1, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72 h on five-day-old rat pups. Plasma buprenorphine concentration for all treatment groups remained above the clinically effective concentration of 1 ng/mL for at least 4 h in the Bup-SR group, 8 h in XR-Lo and 24 h in XR-Hi group with no abnormal clinical observations. This study demonstrates that XR-Hi did not attenuate postoperative thermal hypersensitivity for a longer period than XR-Lo in 5-day-old rats; XR-Hi attenuated postoperative thermal hypersensitivity for up to 4 h while Bup-SR and XR-Lo for at least 8 h in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyun Zhang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Eden Alamaw
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | | | - Monika Huss
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Cholawat Pacharinsak
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
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9
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Costa A, Cushman S, Haubner BJ, Derda AA, Thum T, Bär C. Neonatal injury models: integral tools to decipher the molecular basis of cardiac regeneration. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:26. [PMID: 35503383 PMCID: PMC9064850 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial injury often leads to heart failure due to the loss and insufficient regeneration of resident cardiomyocytes. The low regenerative potential of the mammalian heart is one of the main drivers of heart failure progression, especially after myocardial infarction accompanied by large contractile muscle loss. Preclinical therapies for cardiac regeneration are promising, but clinically still missing. Mammalian models represent an excellent translational in vivo platform to test drugs and treatments for the promotion of cardiac regeneration. Particularly, short-lived mice offer the possibility to monitor the outcome of such treatments throughout the life span. Importantly, there is a short period of time in newborn mice in which the heart retains full regenerative capacity after cardiac injury, which potentially also holds true for the neonatal human heart. Thus, in vivo neonatal mouse models of cardiac injury are crucial to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiac regenerative processes and to devise novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of diseased adult hearts. Here, we provide an overview of the established injury models to study cardiac regeneration. We summarize pioneering studies that demonstrate the potential of using neonatal cardiac injury models to identify factors that may stimulate heart regeneration by inducing endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation in the adult heart. To conclude, we briefly summarize studies in large animal models and the insights gained in humans, which may pave the way toward the development of novel approaches in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Costa
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,REBIRTH-Centre for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah Cushman
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernhard J. Haubner
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria ,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anselm A. Derda
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,REBIRTH-Centre for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Bär
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,REBIRTH-Centre for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
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10
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Gu J, Chen X, Jin Y, Liu M, Xu Q, Liu X, Luo Z, Ling S, Liu N, Liu S. A Neonatal Mouse Model for Pressure Overload: Myocardial Response Corresponds to Severity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:660246. [PMID: 34095250 PMCID: PMC8175619 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.660246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart regeneration after apical resection and myocardial infarction in neonatal mice has been studied for years. However, the response of neonatal mouse heart under pressure overload is seldom explored. This study aimed to induce pressure overload in neonatal mice through a transverse aortic constriction (TAC) with different-gauge needles so as to investigate the effect of pressure overload on cardiomyocyte proliferation and hypertrophy in these mice. Myocardial hypertrophy was evaluated by echocardiographic, pathological, and molecular analyses. Cardiomyocyte proliferation was detected by immune-staining of phospho-histone H3, Ki67, and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine. Mild pressure overload induced with a 30-gauge needle stimulated cardiomyocyte proliferation, adaptive hypertrophy, and angiogenesis. The heart function was not hampered even 21 days after the surgery. Moderate pressure overload induced with a 32-gauge needle led to pathological myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and heart failure 7 days after the surgery. The gene and protein expression levels of markers of hypertrophy and fibrosis increased in 32-gauge TAC group compared with that in sham and 30-gauge TAC groups. The mice barely survived after severe pressure overload induced with a 34-gauge needle. The findings of this study might provide new insights into cardiomyocyte proliferation and hypertrophy in neonatal mice under pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielei Gu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuke Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangshuo Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingke Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sisi Ling
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Luo Q, Xu X, He X, Wang S, Sun Q, Zheng J. Pulmonary Hypoplasia Resulting from Pulmonary Artery Banding in Infancy: A Neonatal Rat Model Study. Pediatr Cardiol 2021; 42:397-407. [PMID: 33151352 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-020-02495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish a neonatal rat model of decreased pulmonary blood flow (PBF) for studying pulmonary pathophysiological changes in newborn lung development with reduced PBF. Horizontal thoracotomy surgery with banding of the main pulmonary artery (PA) was performed on 30 rats in the PA banding (PAB) group and without banding on another 30 rats in the sham group within 6 h after birth. The body growth and mortality were recorded. Constriction of PA was checked by echocardiography on postnatal day 7 (P7). Lung morphology was assessed with computed tomography scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction. Histological differences of two groups were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Masson's trichrome staining, TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay, and CD31 labeling with microscopic examination. PA ultrasound confirmed the establishment of constriction on P7. Relative to the sham group, the neonates' physical growth, survival fraction, and lung geometry volume were decreased in the PAB group over time (p < 0.05). Histologic appearance with reduced PBF characterized a markedly simplified alveolarization with noted lower radial alveolar count and alveolar septal thickness in the PAB group (p < 0.0001), pulmonary arteries with thinner/uneven membranous layers and smaller lumina. The deficient alveolar capillary bed, enhanced pulmonary collagen deposition, and increased apoptotic alveolar epithelium were significant in the PAB group compared to the sham group (p < 0.0001). A neonatal rat PAB model demonstrated that PBF reduction during early infancy impairs alveolarization and pulmonary microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiancheng Luo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Rd., Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiuxia Xu
- Department of Radiology, Huangpu Branch, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 58 Puyu East Rd., Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaomin He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Rd., Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shoubao Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Rd., Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Jinghao Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Rd., Shanghai, 200127, China.
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12
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Ding X, Wang S, Wang Y, Yang J, Bao N, Liu J, Zhang Z. Neonatal Heart Responds to Pressure Overload With Differential Alterations in Various Cardiomyocyte Maturation Programs That Accommodate Simultaneous Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:596960. [PMID: 33330485 PMCID: PMC7710899 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.596960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure overload is one of the pathophysiological conditions commonly associated with right-sided congenital heart disease (CHD). Patients suffer from this condition right after birth. However, little is known about how neonatal heart reacts to it. We have previously established a pulmonary artery banding (PAB) model in neonatal rat. Here we show that PAB accelerated transition of mononuclear cardiomyocytes into multinucleated cells to promote hypertrophic growth in neonatal heart. The elevated afterload significantly increased the mitotic activities of neonatal cardiomyocytes. Consistent with the proliferative potential, the elevated pressure overload also increased cytokinetic marker counts of cardiomyocytes. Using cardiomyocyte-specific lineage tracing, we noticed a clonal expansion of rare unlabeled cardiomyocytes in the PAB group, revealing a subgroup of cardiomyocytes with a strong capability of proliferation. In addition, PAB hearts at post-banding day 7 didn’t have the accumulation of macrophages, which is an immune response essential for neonatal heart regeneration in injury models. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that neonatal PAB induced an expression profile featuring both cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, such as highly activated translation, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial biogenesis programs etc., and immature cardiomyocyte, such as enhanced cell cycle activities and glycolytic metabolism, down-regulated cytoskeleton and ion channel gene expression, and maintenance of fetal-specific sarcomeric isoforms etc. It indicates that pressure overload has differential impacts on various cardiomyocyte maturation (CM) programs that may contribute to the concurrent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia. The bivalent status of transcriptional profile highlights the plasticity of neonatal cardiomyocytes that can be exploited to adapt the postnatal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Ding
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Shanghai Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoubao Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Shanghai Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Shanghai Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Bao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfen Liu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Shanghai Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Andersen A, van der Feen DE, Andersen S, Schultz JG, Hansmann G, Bogaard HJ. Animal models of right heart failure. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:1561-1579. [PMID: 33224774 PMCID: PMC7666958 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-20-400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Right heart failure may be the ultimate cause of death in patients with acute or chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH). As PH is often secondary to other cardiovascular diseases, the treatment goal is to target the underlying disease. We do however know, that right heart failure is an independent risk factor, and therefore, treatments that improve right heart function may improve morbidity and mortality in patients with PH. There are no therapies that directly target and support the failing right heart and translation from therapies that improve left heart failure have been unsuccessful, with the exception of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. To understand the underlying pathophysiology of right heart failure and to aid in the development of new treatments we need solid animal models that mimic the pathophysiology of human disease. There are several available animal models of acute and chronic PH. They range from flow induced to pressure overload induced right heart failure and have been introduced in both small and large animals. When initiating new pre-clinical or basic research studies it is key to choose the right animal model to ensure successful translation to the clinical setting. Selecting the right animal model for the right study is hence important, but may be difficult due to the plethora of different models and local availability. In this review we provide an overview of the available animal models of acute and chronic right heart failure and discuss the strengths and limitations of the different models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asger Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Diederik E. van der Feen
- Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stine Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Georg Hansmann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Nguyen‐Truong M, Liu W, Boon J, Nelson B, Easley J, Monnet E, Wang Z. Establishment of adult right ventricle failure in ovine using a graded, animal-specific pulmonary artery constriction model. Animal Model Exp Med 2020; 3:182-192. [PMID: 32613177 PMCID: PMC7323700 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Right ventricle failure (RVF) is associated with serious cardiac and pulmonary diseases that contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of patients. Currently, the mechanisms of RVF are not fully understood and it is partly due to the lack of large animal models in adult RVF. In this study, we aim to establish a model of RVF in adult ovine and examine the structure and function relations in the RV. METHODS RV pressure overload was induced in adult male sheep by revised pulmonary artery constriction (PAC). Briefly, an adjustable hydraulic occluder was placed around the main pulmonary artery trunk. Then, repeated saline injection was performed at weeks 0, 1, and 4, where the amount of saline was determined in an animal-specific manner. Healthy, age-matched male sheep were used as additional controls. Echocardiography was performed bi-weekly and on week 11 post-PAC, hemodynamic and biological measurements were obtained. RESULTS This PAC methodology resulted in a marked increase in RV systolic pressure and decreases in stroke volume and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, indicating signs of RVF. Significant increases in RV chamber size, wall thickness, and Fulton's index were observed. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and collagen accumulation (particularly type III collagen) were evident, and these structural changes were correlated with RV dysfunction. CONCLUSION In summary, the animal-specific, repeated PAC provided a robust approach to induce adult RVF, and this ovine model will offer a useful tool to study the progression and treatment of adult RVF that is translatable to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- School of Biomedical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - June Boon
- Veterinary Teaching HospitalColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Brad Nelson
- Veterinary Teaching HospitalColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Jeremiah Easley
- Veterinary Teaching HospitalColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Eric Monnet
- Veterinary Teaching HospitalColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Zhijie Wang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
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15
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Ye L, Wang S, Xiao Y, Jiang C, Huang Y, Chen H, Zhang H, Zhang H, Liu J, Xu Z, Hong H. Pressure Overload Greatly Promotes Neonatal Right Ventricular Cardiomyocyte Proliferation: A New Model for the Study of Heart Regeneration. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015574. [PMID: 32475201 PMCID: PMC7429015 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Current mammalian models for heart regeneration research are limited to neonatal apex amputation and myocardial infarction, both of which are controversial. RNAseq has demonstrated a very limited set of differentially expressed genes between sham and operated hearts in myocardial infarction models. Here, we investigated in rats whether pressure overload in the right ventricle, a common phenomenon in children with congenital heart disease, could be used as a better animal model for heart regeneration studies when considering cardiomyocyte proliferation as the most important index. Methods and Results In the rat model, pressure overload was induced by pulmonary artery banding on postnatal day 1 and confirmed by echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements at postnatal day 7. RNA sequencing analyses of purified right ventricular cardiomyocytes at postnatal day 7 from pulmonary artery banding and sham-operated rats revealed that there were 5469 differentially expressed genes between these 2 groups. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that these genes mainly mediated mitosis and cell division. Cell proliferation assays indicated a continuous overproliferation of cardiomyocytes in the right ventricle after pulmonary artery banding, in particular for the first 3 postnatal days. We also validated the model using samples from overloaded right ventricles of human patients. There was an approximately 2-fold increase of Ki67/pHH3/aurora B-positive cardiomyocytes in human-overloaded right ventricles compared with nonoverloaded right ventricles. Other features of this animal model included cardiomyocyte hypotrophy with no fibrosis. Conclusions Pressure overload profoundly promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation in the neonatal stage in both rats and human beings. This activates a regeneration-specific gene program and may offer an alternative animal model for heart regeneration research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincai Ye
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China.,Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Shoubao Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yingying Xiao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Chuan Jiang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China.,Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yanhui Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Huiwen Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jinfen Liu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Zhuoming Xu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Haifa Hong
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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16
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The right ventricle in the systemic circulation: Why do some fail? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 154:1733. [PMID: 29042048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Vinten-Johansen J. Do we see ourselves in the rat? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 154:1740-1741. [PMID: 28863957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Vinten-Johansen
- Department of Surgery (Cardiothoracic), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga.
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