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KITAGAWA A, OHTA Y, OHASHI K, YASHIRO K, FUKUZAWA K. Effect of High Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome on Tissue Vitamin E and Lipid Peroxide Levels in Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2020; 66:200-206. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira KITAGAWA
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Wellness, Shigakkan University
| | - Yoshiji OHTA
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Koji OHASHI
- Department of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences
| | - Koji YASHIRO
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Kenji FUKUZAWA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University
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Li GZ, Liu F, Xu C, Li JY, Xu YJ. Selenium and Zinc against Aβ 25-35-Induced Cytotoxicity and Tau Phosphorylation in PC12 Cells and Inhibits γ-cleavage of APP. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:442-449. [PMID: 29081063 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) is the main component of the amyloid plaques that accumulate in the brains of Alzheimer patients. The present study was conducted to investigate whether the combined treatment with selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) offers more beneficial effects than that provided by either of them alone in reversing Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Cells were pretreated with 0.1 μmol/L of Se and Zn for 4 h, after treated with 10 mmol/L Aβ25-35 for 24 h. Cells were divided into control and five treated groups, and received either 10 mmol/L Aβ25-35,10 mmol/L Aβ25-35 + 0.1 μmol/L Se, 10 mmol/L Aβ25-35 + 0.1 μmol/L Zn, 10 mmol/LAβ25-35 + 0.1 μmol/L Se + 0.1 μmol/L Zn, or 0.1 μmol/L Se + 0.1 μmol/L Zn. The result showed that cell viability was decreased in MTT metabolic rate; LDH release and MDA, H2O2, and NO levels were increased and the GSK-3β and phosphorylated tau protein level were increased in Aβ25-35-treated group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), which whole changes were attenuated by Se and Zn and Se combined Zn. In order to evaluate whether the Se and Zn have an effect on processing pathway of amyloid precursor protein (APP), we examined the activity of γ-secretase in primary cultured cortical neuron cells. ELISA analysis showed that Se and Zn could inhibit the activity of γ-secretase. Then we also investigated the effect of Se and Zn on the Aβ1-40 concentration and APP-N-terminal fragment expression from APP695 stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. APP695 stably transfected CHO cells were treated with 0.1 μmol/L Se and Zn; cells were divided into control and four treated groups, which received either 0.5 M DAPT, 0.1 μmol/L Se, 0.1 μmol/L Zn, or 0.1 μmol/L Se + 0.1 μmol/L Zn. Se and Zn could decrease Aβ1-40 production and increase the APP-N-terminal fragment protein expression. These experiments indicate that Se and Zn have a protective effect on AD pathology that a possible mechanism is inhibiting the activity of γ-secretase to decreasing Aβ1-40 production further influencing the APP processing. Altogether, our findings may provide a novel therapeutic target to treat AD sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhe Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yanbian Brain Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, 133000, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Cui Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Jing-Yang Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Yan-Ji Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
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Effect of high chronic intake of sucrose on liver metabolism in aging rats. Modulation by rutin and micronutrients. J Physiol Biochem 2018; 74:569-577. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Wang Y, Lin M, Gao X, Pedram P, Du J, Vikram C, Gulliver W, Zhang H, Sun G. High dietary selenium intake is associated with less insulin resistance in the Newfoundland population. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174149. [PMID: 28380029 PMCID: PMC5381811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As an essential nutrient, Selenium (Se) is involved in many metabolic activities including mimicking insulin function. Data on Se in various biological samples and insulin resistance are contradictory, moreover there is no large study available regarding the relationship of dietary Se intake with insulin resistance in the general population. To investigate the association between dietary Se intake and variation of insulin resistance in a large population based study, a total of 2420 subjects without diabetes from the CODING (Complex Diseases in the Newfoundland Population: Environment and Genetics) study were assessed. Dietary Se intake was evaluated from the Willett Food Frequency questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were used for the measurement of glucose and insulin. Insulin resistance was determined with the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Body composition was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Analysis of covariance showed that high HOMA-IR groups in both males and females had the lowest dietary Se intake (μg/kg/day) (p < 0.01), being 18% and 11% lower than low HOMA-IR groups respectively. Insulin resistance decreased with the increase of dietary Se intake in females but not in males after controlling for age, total calorie intake, physical activity level, serum calcium, serum magnesium, and body fat percentage (p < 0.01). Partial correlation analysis showed that dietary Se intake was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR after adjusting for the Se confounding factors in subjects whose dietary Se intake was below 1.6 μg/kg/day (r = -0.121 for males and -0.153 for females, p < 0.05). However, the negative correlation was no longer significant when dietary Se intake was above 1.6 μg/kg/day. Our findings suggest that higher dietary Se intake is beneficially correlated with lower insulin resistance when total dietary Se intake was below 1.6 μg/kg/day. Above this cutoff, this beneficial effect disappears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Meiju Lin
- Department of Biliary Minimally Invasive Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Pardis Pedram
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Jianling Du
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chandurkar Vikram
- Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Wayne Gulliver
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Guang Sun
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
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Wu Y, Lu H, Yang H, Li C, Sang Q, Liu X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Sun Z. Zinc stimulates glucose consumption by modulating the insulin signaling pathway in L6 myotubes: essential roles of Akt-GLUT4, GSK3β and mTOR-S6K1. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 34:126-35. [PMID: 27295130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the insulin-like effects of zinc in normal L6 myotubes as well as its ability to alleviate insulin resistance. Glucose consumption was measured in both normal and insulin-resistant L6 myotubes. Western blotting and immunofluorescence revealed that zinc exhibited insulin-like glucose transporting effects by activating key markers that are involved in the insulin signaling cascade (including Akt, GLUT4 and GSK3β), and downregulating members of the insulin signaling feedback cascade such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1). In normal L6 myotubes, zinc enhanced glucose consumption via a mechanism that might involve the activation of Akt phosphorylation, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation and GSK3β phosphorylation. In contrast, zinc exerted insulin-mimetic effects in insulin-resistant L6 myotubes by upregulating Akt phosphorylation, GLUT4 translocation and GSK3β phosphorylation, and downregulating the expression of mTOR and S6K1. In conclusion, zinc might enhance glucose consumption by modulating insulin signaling pathways including Akt-GLUT4, GSK3β, mTOR and S6K1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntang Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Huizi Lu
- Tanggu Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin Binhai New Area,Tianjin, China
| | - Huijun Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Sang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongzhe Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongming Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Ranasinghe P, Pigera S, Galappatthy P, Katulanda P, Constantine GR. Zinc and diabetes mellitus: understanding molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 23:44. [PMID: 26381880 PMCID: PMC4573932 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-015-0127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Studies have shown that Zinc has numerous beneficial effects in both type-1 and type-2 diabetes. We aim to evaluate the literature on the mechanisms and molecular level effects of Zinc on glycaemic control, β-cell function, pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Methods A review of published studies reporting mechanisms of action of Zinc in diabetes was undertaken in PubMed and SciVerse Scopus medical databases using the following search terms in article title, abstract or keywords; (“Zinc” or “Zn”) and (“mechanism” or “mechanism of action” or “action” or “effect” or “pathogenesis” or “pathology” or “physiology” or “metabolism”) and (“diabetes” or “prediabetes” or “sugar” or “glucose” or “insulin”). Results The literature search identified the following number of articles in the two databases; PubMed (n = 1799) and SciVerse Scopus (n = 1879). After removing duplicates the total number of articles included in the present review is 111. Our results show that Zinc plays an important role in β-cell function, insulin action, glucose homeostasis and the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Conclusion Numerous in-vitro and in-vivo studies have shown that Zinc has beneficial effects in both type-1 and type-2 diabetes. However further randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trials conducted for an adequate duration, are required to establish therapeutic safety in humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40199-015-0127-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanga Ranasinghe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - Shehani Pigera
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Prasad Katulanda
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Godwin R Constantine
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Boa BCS, Barros CMMR, Souza MDGC, Castiglione RC, Cyrino FZGA, Bouskela E. α-Tocopherol Improves Microcirculatory Dysfunction on Fructose Fed Hamsters. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134740. [PMID: 26244369 PMCID: PMC4526657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose, an everyday component of western diet associated to chronic hyperglycemia and enhanced free radical production, impairs endothelial function and supplementation with antioxidants might improve it. In this study we investigated if vitamin E could reverse the microvascular damage elicited by fructose. Male Syrian golden hamsters drank either 10% fructose solution (F) or filtered water (C), combined with three concentrations of vitamin E in their chows [zero, normal (VE) or 5X (5XVE)] during 60 days. Microvascular reactivity in response to topical application of acetylcholine (Ach; endothelium-dependent vasodilator) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP; endothelium-independent vasodilator) and macromolecular permeability increase induced by either 30 min ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) or topical application of histamine (5 μM) were assessed using the cheek pouch preparation. Compared to controls (drinking filtered water), fructose-drinking animals showed decreased vasodilatation to acetylcholine in all concentrations tested (-56.2% for 10-9M, -53.9% for 10-7M and -43.7% for 10-5M). On the other hand, vitamin E supplementation resulted in increased responses for both water and fructose drinking groups (177.4% for F vs. F/5XVE and 241.6% for C vs. C/5XVE for 10-5M Ach). Endothelial-independent vasodilatation explored by topical application of SNP was restored and even enhanced with the supplementation of 5X vitamin E in both groups (80.1% for F vs. F/5XVE; 144.2% for C vs. C/5XVE; 3.4% of difference for C/5XVE vs. F/5XVE on 10-5M SNP). The number of leaky sites after I/R and histamine stimuli in vitamin E supplemented animals decreased (-25.1% and -15.3% for F vs. F/5XVE; and -21.7% and -16% of leaky sites comparing C vs. C/5XVE, respectively for I/R and histamine stimuli) pointing to tightening of the endothelial barrier for macromolecular permeability. Our results strongly suggest that vitamin E could improve the endothelial function and permeability barrier and also reverse impairments elicited by sugar overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz C. S. Boa
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Carlos M. M. R. Barros
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças C. Souza
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel C. Castiglione
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fátima Z. G. A. Cyrino
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kaur B, Henry J. Micronutrient status in type 2 diabetes: a review. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2014; 71:55-100. [PMID: 24484939 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800270-4.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by significant losses of important micronutrients due to metabolic basis of the disease and its complications. Evidence of changes in trace mineral and vitamin metabolism as a consequence of type 2 diabetes is reviewed in this chapter. This review is not a meta-analysis but an overview of the micronutrient status, metabolic needs, and potential micronutrient requirements in type 2 diabetics. This chapter will not concentrate on vitamin D and type 2 diabetes as this is a topic that has been extensively reviewed before. The less well-known micronutrients notably zinc, magnesium, chromium, copper, manganese, iron, selenium, vanadium, B-group vitamins, and certain antioxidants are assessed. While some evidence is available to demonstrate the positive influence of micronutrient supplementation on glycemic control, much remains to be investigated. Additional research is necessary to characterize better biomarkers of micronutrient status and requirements in type 2 diabetics. The optimal level of micronutrient supplementation to achieve glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetics remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kaur
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
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Omidizadeh A, Yusof RM, Roohinejad S, Ismail A, Abu Bakar MZ, El-Din A. Bekhit A. Anti-diabetic activity of red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) fruit. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10789f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-diabetic activity of red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Omidizadeh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- , Malaysia
| | - Rokiah Mohd Yusof
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- , Malaysia
| | - Shahin Roohinejad
- Department of Food Science
- University of Otago
- Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Amin Ismail
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- , Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zuki Abu Bakar
- Department of Anatomy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- , Malaysia
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Jahan S, Khan M, Ahmed S, Ullah H. Comparative analysis of antioxidants against cadmium induced reproductive toxicity in adult male rats. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2013; 60:28-34. [PMID: 24156729 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2013.843039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to compare and evaluate the potential benefits of three different antioxidants in reversing cadmium (Cd)-induced reproductive toxicity in adult male rats. Rats (n = 5) weighing 180 +/- 20 gm were divided into five groups (control, Cd, Cd + sulforaphane, Cd + vitamin E, and Cd + plant extract). Treated groups received CdCl2 (0.2 mg/kg), sulforaphane (25 µg/rat), vitamin E (75 mg/kg), and plant extract (100 mg/kg) for 15 days. Blood samples and testicular tissues were obtained for estimation of testosterone, Zn, and Cd concentration and daily sperm production/efficiency of sperm production. Cadmium exposure caused a significant decrease in final body weight (p < 0.0001). The plasma concentrations of Cd were significantly increased and Zn concentration decreased (p < 0.0001) in the Cd group as compared to the control group. The testicular concentrations of Cd were significantly increased and Zn concentration decreased (p < 0.0001) in the Cd group as compared to the control group. Cadmium exposure caused a significant decrease (p < 0.0001) in plasma testosterone concentrations and daily sperm production as compared to the control group. More significant effects were observed with Cd+sulforaphane, Cd + vitamin E, and Cd + plant extract treated groups in slashing Cd-induced toxicity. Present findings suggest that Ficus religiosa and sulforaphane are more powerful antioxidants as compared to vitamin E in reversing the oxidative stress and can have a protective role against Cd induced reproductive toxicity in adult male rats. Part of the mechanism involved in this protective role seems to be associated with the antioxidant properties of these agents in reducing reproductive damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwat Jahan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
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Ribeiro MCP, Ávila DS, Schiar VPP, Santos DBD, Meinerz DF, Duarte MMF, Monteiro R, Puntel R, de Bem AF, Hassan W, de Vargas Barbosa NB, Rocha JBT. Diphenyl diselenide supplementation reduces biochemical alterations associated with oxidative stress in rats fed with fructose and hydrochlorothiazide. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 204:191-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Shadboorestan A, Shokrzadeh M, Ahangar N, Abdollahi M, Omidi M, Payam SSH. The chemoprotective effects of l-carnitine against genotoxicity induced by diazinon in rat blood lymphocyte. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:1334-40. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713491811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the preventive effects of l-carnitine (LC) against DNA damage induced by diazinon (DZN) in rat blood lymphocytes. Animals were concurrently administered intraperitoneally with DZN in proper solvent (20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) and LC at three different doses (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg b.w.) for 30 consecutive days. The positive control group received DZN at the same dose without LC. Twenty-four hour after last injection, 0.5 ml blood of each rat was received and cultured in culture medium for 44 h. The lymphocyte cultures were mitogenically stimulated with cytochalasin B for the evaluation of the number of micronuclei (MNs) in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated cells. Incubation of lymphocytes with DZN induced additional genotoxicity and was shown by increase in MNs frequency in rat lymphocytes. LC at all doses had a protective effect and significantly reduced the MNs frequency in cultured lymphocytes ( p < 0.0001– p < 0.05). The maximum effect was observed at 150 mg/kg that reduced the frequency of MN from 12.78 ± 0.24% for DZN group to 5.61 ± 0.17%. Our study revealed that LC has a potent antigenotoxic effect against DZN-induced toxicity in rats, which may be due to the scavenging of free radicals and increased antioxidant status. Since LC is a natural compound and is being safe, it is recommended as a daily supplement for body defense against side effects induced by chemical hazardous agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Shadboorestan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nematollah Ahangar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahmood Omidi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sakine Sadat Hosseini Payam
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Shokrzadeh M, Ahangar N, Abdollahi M, Shadboorestan A, Omidi M, Payam SH. Potential chemoprotective effects of selenium on diazinon-induced DNA damage in rat peripheral blood lymphocyte. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 32:759-65. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327112468179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of selenium (Se) against genotoxicity induced by diazinon (DZN) in rat peripheral blood lymphocytes by micronucleus (MN) test. Animals were concurrently administered intraperitoneally with DZN in proper solvent (20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) and Se at three different doses (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg b.w.) for 30 consecutive days. The positive control group received DZN at the same dose without Se. After 24 h of last injection, 0.5 ml blood of each rat was received and cultured in culture medium for 44 h. The lymphocyte cultures were mitogenically stimulated with cytochalasin B to allow the evaluation of number of MNs in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated cells. Incubation of lymphocytes with DZN induced additional genotoxicity and is shown by increase in MNs frequency in human lymphocytes. Se at low dose of 0.5 mg/kg had a maximum effect and significantly reduced the MNs frequency in cultured lymphocytes ( p < 0.0001) that reduced the frequency of MN from 12.78 ± 0.24% for DZN group to 4.40 ± 0.36. The present study revealed that Se particularly at low doses has a potent antigenotoxic effect against DZN -induced toxicity in rats, which may be due to the scavenging of free radicals and increased antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Shokrzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - N. Ahangar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M. Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - A. Shadboorestan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M. Omidi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - S.S Hosseini Payam
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Ulas M, Cay M. Effects of 17β-estradiol and vitamin E treatments on blood trace element and antioxidant enzyme levels in ovariectomized rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 139:347-55. [PMID: 20352372 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of 17β-estradiol (E(2)) alone and separately vitamin E treatment on trace element status of rats following an ovariectomic operation. Forty rats were equally divided into four groups: Group 1, control, non-ovariectomized rats; Group 2, (OVX) rats, ovariectomized under general anesthesia; Group 3, (OVX+E(2)) rats, the group received a 40 µg kg(-1) subcutan dose of E(2) per day after ovariectomy; and Group 4, (OVX + E(2) + vitamin E) rats, received the same E(2) treatment, but with an additional 100 mg kg(-1) intraperitoneal dose of vitamin E per day after ovariectomy. At the end of the 30-day experiment, the rats were sacrificed and their blood was collected for the measurement of zinc, copper, iron, phosphorus, selenium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, and chromium; copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD); manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD); glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSH-Px); and catalase (CAT). The levels of zinc, copper, iron, phosphorus, selenium, calcium, chromium, and manganese and activities of SOD, Mn-SOD, Se-GSH-Px, and CAT were lower in the OVX than in the control group, but magnesium level was unaffected. However, zinc, copper, iron, phosphorus, selenium, calcium, chromium, and manganese levels and SOD, Mn-SOD, Se-GSH-Px, and CAT activities were higher under separate E(2) and E(2) + vitamin E treatments. The level of magnesium in the treated-OVX groups was not different than in the OVX group. In conclusion, E(2) treatment has an ameliorating effect on the trace element status in OVX, and this effect may be enhanced with the addition of vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ulas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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15
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Wiernsperger N, Rapin J. Trace elements in glucometabolic disorders: an update. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2010; 2:70. [PMID: 21167072 PMCID: PMC3023745 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-2-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many trace elements, among which metals, are indispensable for proper functioning of a myriad of biochemical reactions, more particularly as enzyme cofactors. This is particularly true for the vast set of processes involved in regulation of glucose homeostasis, being it in glucose metabolism itself or in hormonal control, especially insulin. The role and importance of trace elements such as chromium, zinc, selenium, lithium and vanadium are much less evident and subjected to chronic debate. This review updates our actual knowledge concerning these five trace elements. A careful survey of the literature shows that while theoretical postulates from some key roles of these elements had led to real hopes for therapy of insulin resistance and diabetes, the limited experience based on available data indicates that beneficial effects and use of most of them are subjected to caution, given the narrow window between safe and unsafe doses. Clear therapeutic benefit in these pathologies is presently doubtful but some data indicate that these metals may have a clinical interest in patients presenting deficiencies in individual metal levels. The same holds true for an association of some trace elements such as chromium or zinc with oral antidiabetics. However, this area is essentially unexplored in adequate clinical trials, which are worth being performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - JeanRobert Rapin
- Faculté de Médecine/Pharmacie, Université de Bourgogne, 3 Bld jeanne d'Arc, F-21000 Dijon (France
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16
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Saïd L, Banni M, Kerkeni A, Saïd K, Messaoudi I. Influence of combined treatment with zinc and selenium on cadmium induced testicular pathophysiology in rat. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2759-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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17
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Yang KC, Lee LT, Lee YS, Huang HY, Chen CY, Huang KC. Serum selenium concentration is associated with metabolic factors in the elderly: a cross-sectional study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2010; 7:38. [PMID: 20459618 PMCID: PMC2873298 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-7-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selenium is an essential micronutrient known for its antioxidant function. However, the association of serum selenium with lipid profiles and fasting glucose are inconsistent in populations with average intake of selenium. Furthermore, there were few studies conducted specifically for the elderly. This study examined the relationship of serum selenium concentration with serum lipids and fasting glucose in the Taiwanese elderly population. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 200 males and females aged 65-85 years (mean 71.5 ± 4.6 years) from Taipei, Taiwan. Serum selenium was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. The association between serum selenium and metabolic factors was examined using a multivariate linear regression analysis after controlling several confounders. Results The mean serum selenium concentration was 1.14 μmol/L, without significant difference between sexes. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol increased significantly with serum selenium concentration (P < 0.001, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively) after adjusting for age, gender, anthropometric indices, lifestyle factors, and cardio-vascular risk factors in several linear regression models. Furthermore, there was a significantly positive association between serum selenium and serum fasting glucose concentrations (P < 0.05). Conclusions Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol, and fasting serum glucose concentrations increased significantly with serum selenium concentration in the Taiwanese elderly. The underlying mechanism warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuen-Cheh Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
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18
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Messaoudi I, Hammouda F, El Heni J, Baati T, Saïd K, Kerkeni A. Reversal of cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes by selenium, zinc or their combination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:281-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Wong DM, Webb JP, Malinowski PM, Xu E, Macri J, Adeli K. Proteomic profiling of intestinal prechylomicron transport vesicle (PCTV)-associated proteins in an animal model of insulin resistance (94 char). J Proteomics 2010; 73:1291-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shi Z, Yuan B, Qi L, Dai Y, Zuo H, Zhou M. Zinc intake and the risk of hyperglycemia among Chinese adults: the prospective Jiangsu Nutrition Study (JIN). J Nutr Health Aging 2010; 14:332-5. [PMID: 20306008 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-010-0075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively examine the associations between zinc intake, the zinc to heme iron ratio and the incidence of hyperglycemia in Chinese. METHODS We followed 1056 healthy adults aged 20 and older from 2002 to 2007. Dietary data were collected using 3-day food record and food frequency questionnaire. Hyperglycemia was defined as fasting plasma glucose > 5.6 mmol/l. RESULTS During the 5 years of follow-up, we documented 125 incident cases of hyperglycemia. Zinc intake alone was not associated with the risk of hyperglycemia. The zinc to heme iron ratio was inversely associated with the risk of hyperglycemia: odds ratios (OR, 95% CI) across increasing quartiles of the zinc to heme iron ratio were 1.00, 0.78(0.44-1.37), 0.40(0.19-0.83), and 0.21(0.08-0.54)(p for trend= 0.001). Adjustment for lifestyle covariates did not significantly change the associations. CONCLUSIONS This cohort study suggests that the zinc to heme iron intake ratio was significantly associated with a decreased risk of hyperglycemia in Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Shi
- Nutrition and Foodborne Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.
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21
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Messaoudi I, El Heni J, Hammouda F, Saïd K, Kerkeni A. Protective effects of selenium, zinc, or their combination on cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rat kidney. Biol Trace Elem Res 2009; 130:152-61. [PMID: 19214400 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate whether the combined treatment with Se and Zn offers more beneficial effects than that provided by either of them alone in reversing Cd-induced oxidative stress in the kidney of rat. For this purpose, 30 adult male Wistar albino rats, equally divided into control and four treated groups, received either 200 ppm Cd (as CdCl(2)), 200 ppm Cd + 500 ppm Zn (as ZnCl(2)), 200 ppm Cd + 0.1 ppm Se (as Na(2)SeO(3)), or 200 ppm Cd + 500 ppm Zn + 0.1 ppm Se in their drinking water for 35 days. The results showed that Cd treatment decreased significantly the catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, whereas the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the renal levels of lipid peroxidation (as malondialdehyde, MDA) were increased compared to control rats. The treatment of Cd-exposed rats with Se alone had no significant effect on the Cd-induced increase in the MDA concentrations but increased significantly the CAT activities and reversed Cd-induced increase in SOD activity. It also partially prevented Cd-induced decrease in GSH-Px activity. The treatment of Cd-exposed animals with Zn alone increased significantly the CAT activity and partially protected against Cd-induced increase in the MDA concentrations, whereas it had no significant effect on the Cd-induced increase in SOD activity and decrease in GSH-Px activity. The combined treatment of Cd-exposed animals with Se and Zn was more effective than that with either of them alone in reversing Cd-induced decrease in CAT and GSH-Px activities and Cd-induced increase in MDA concentrations. Results demonstrated beneficial effects of combined Se and Zn treatment in Cd-induced oxidative stress in kidney and suggest that Se and Zn can have a synergistic role against Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imed Messaoudi
- UR 09/30: Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut de Biotechnologie, Monastir, Tunisia.
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Cave MC, Hurt RT, Frazier TH, Matheson PJ, Garrison RN, McClain CJ, McClave SA. Obesity, inflammation, and the potential application of pharmaconutrition. Nutr Clin Pract 2008; 23:16-34. [PMID: 18203961 DOI: 10.1177/011542650802300116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an emerging problem worldwide. Hospitalized obese patients often have a worse outcome than patients of normal weight, particularly in the setting of trauma and critical care. Obesity creates a low-grade systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) that is similar (but on a much smaller scale) to gram-negative sepsis. This process involves up-regulation of systemic immunity, is characterized clinically by insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome, and puts the patient at increased risk for organ failure, infectious morbidity, and mortality. Through lipotoxicity and cytokine dysregulation, obesity may act to prime the immune system, predisposing to an exaggerated subsequent immune response when a second clinical insult occurs (such as trauma, burns, or myocardial infarction). Specialized nutrition therapy for such patients currently consists of a hypocaloric, high-protein diet. However, this approach does not address the putative pathophysiologic mechanisms of inflammation and altered metabolism associated with obesity. A number of dietary agents such as arginine, fish oil, and carnitine may correct these problems at the molecular level. Pharmaconutrition formulas may provide exciting innovations for the nutrition therapy of the obese patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt C Cave
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 500 S. Jackson Street, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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Wright D, Sutherland L. Antioxidant supplemention in the treatment of skeletal muscle insulin resistance: potential mechanisms and clinical relevance. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008; 33:21-31. [DOI: 10.1139/h07-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes has increased dramatically over the past several decades and this trend is projected to continue into the foreseeable future. Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is thought to be a key development in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Given this fact, interventions that prevent or reverse impairments in skeletal muscle action can have profound effects on whole-body glucose homeostasis. Traditional approaches used in this regard include exercise, weight loss, and insulin-sensitizing drugs such as thiazolidinediones (TZDs). Although these interventions have proven effective in improving glucose homeostasis, there are adherence issues seen with lifestyle interventions and undesirable side effects have been reported with TZDs. With these points in mind, the development of alternative strategies to maintain or improve skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity is warranted. In this context, the purpose of the present review is to highlight the role of antioxidant compounds in the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Specifically, we will briefly describe the mechanisms of insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake and the potential mediators of oxidative stress induced insulin resistance, highlight data suggesting that antioxidant compounds can have beneficial effects on skeletal muscle insulin action, and discuss potential mechanisms mediating this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wright
- Alberta Institute of Human Nutrition, 3-18b Ag/For Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5
| | - Lindsey Sutherland
- Alberta Institute of Human Nutrition, 3-18b Ag/For Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5
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