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Li X, Duan Z, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Cheng W, Guo W, Wang B. Mercury(II)-Triggered Targeted and NIR-II Fluorescence/Photoacoustic Imaging Probe for High-Sensitivity Early Diagnosis and Evaluating Drug against Acute Liver and Kidney Injury. Anal Chem 2025; 97:1446-1456. [PMID: 39760429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c06622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2025]
Abstract
Mercury ions (Hg2+) have been found to disrupt the body's antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to oxidative stress and physiological dysfunction. Early diagnosis and real-time monitoring of Hg2+ fluctuations in organ damage are crucial but limited due to the lack of noninvasive and deep tissue imaging probes. Herein, a Hg2+-triggered targeted and NIR-II fluorescence/photoacoustic (PA) dual-mode molecular probe (NHG-2) was developed for real-time monitoring Hg2+ fluctuations in Hg2+-induced acute liver and kidney injury mice. NHG-2 was designed through rational adjustment of the conjugated ring structure and further screening processes, enabling it to sensitively recognize Hg2+ and subsequently open mitochondrial targeting, producing NIR-II fluorescence/PA signals. This probe allowed for noninvasive NIR-II fluorescence/PA imaging for real-time monitoring of Hg2+-induced acute liver and kidney injury, demonstrating excellent detection sensitivity. Furthermore, NHG-2 can be utilized to evaluate the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in Hg2+-induced liver and kidney injury through dual signal indication. Mechanism studies suggested that NAC activated the antioxidant Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway, reversed the changes of related biomarkers, and restored mitochondrial membrane potential. Thus, this study not only presents the first specific NIR-II fluorescence/PA dual-mode probe for Hg2+ but also provides a potential tool for early diagnosis and treatment evaluation and potential pathogenesis study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Gansu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhiang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Gansu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Gansu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Gansu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenyuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Gansu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Gansu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Baodui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Gansu, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Oliveira VA, de Souza da Costa N, Mesquita M, Pedroso TF, da Luz Fiuza T, Peixoto NC, Pereira ME, Oliveira CS. Mercury toxicity in pregnant and lactating rats: zinc and N-acetylcysteine as alternative of prevention. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:40563-40572. [PMID: 32671705 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09836-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the toxic effects of inorganic mercury (Hg) in pregnant and lactating rats, as well as the possible protective effect of zinc (Zn) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Pregnant and lactating rats were pre-treated with ZnCl2 (27 mg/kg) and/or NAC (5 mg/kg) and after 24 h, they were exposed to HgCl2 (10 mg/kg). Animals were sacrificed 24 h after Hg exposure, and biochemical tests and metal determination were performed. Regarding pregnant rats, Hg exposure caused kidney, blood, and placenta δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) activity inhibition, and the pre-treatments showed a tendency of protection. Moreover, all the animals exposed to Hg presented high Hg levels in the kidney, liver, and placenta when compared with control group. Pregnant rats pre-exposed to Zn (Zn-Hg and Zn/NAC-Hg groups) presented an increase in hepatic metallothionein levels. Therefore, lactating rats exposed to Hg presented renal and blood δ-ALA-D inhibition; the pre-treatments showed a tendency to prevent the renal δ-ALA-D inhibition and prevented the blood δ-ALA-D inhibition caused by Hg. Lactating rats exposed to Hg presented high Hg levels in the kidney and liver. These results showed that 10 mg/kg of HgCl2 causes biochemistry alterations in pregnant and lactating rats, and Zn and NAC present promising results against these damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Antunes Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nayara de Souza da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia Aplicada a Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana Mesquita
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Taíse Fonseca Pedroso
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago da Luz Fiuza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nilce Coelho Peixoto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Campus Palmeira das Missões, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Independência, 3751, Bairro Vista Alegre, Palmeira das Missões, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maria Ester Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Sirlene Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia Aplicada a Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Iguaçu, 333, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Effects of foetal and breastfeeding exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) and retinol palmitate (Vitamin A) in rats: Redox parameters and susceptibility to DNA damage in liver. Mutat Res 2020; 858-860:503239. [PMID: 33198929 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is known to be a chemical that poses a risk to public health. Exposure to MeHg and vitamin A (VitA) occurs through the ingestion of fish, present in the diet of most pregnant women. The absorption of these elements generates oxidative stress and can generate adaptations for future stressful events. Here, we assessed how exposure to VitA and/or MeHg during the fetal and breastfeeding period modulates the toxicity of MeHg reexposure in adulthood. We focus on redox systems and repairing DNA damage. Male rats (n = 50), were divided into 5 groups. Control received mineral oil; The VitA group received VitA during pregnancy, during breastfeeding and was exposed to MeHg in adulthood; VitA + MeHg received VitA and MeHg during pregnancy and breastfeeding and was exposed to MeHg in adulthood. The single exposure group (SE) was exposed to MeHg only in adulthood; and the MeHg group was pre-exposed to MeHg during pregnancy and breastfeeding and re-exposed to MeHg in adulthood. After treating the animals, we evaluated the redox status and the level of DNA damage in all rats. The results revealed that MeHg significantly decreased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and sulfhydryl levels and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione transferase, glutathione and carbonyl in all exposed groups. These results suggest that the second exposure to MeHg directly altered the effects of oxidation and that there were no specific effects associated with exposure during the fetal and breastfeeding periods. In addition, our findings indicate that MDA levels increased in MeHg and SE levels and no differences in MDA levels were observed between the VitA and MeHg + VitA groups. We also observed that animals pretreated exclusively with VitA showed residual damage similar to the control's DNA, while the other groups showed statistically higher levels of damage. In conclusion, low doses of MeHg and VitA during fetal and breastfeeding periods were unable to condition an adaptive response to subsequent exposure to MeHg in adulthood in relation to the observed levels of oxidative damage assessed after exposure.
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Xiang H, Tao Y, Zhang B, Liang C, Li Z, Feng L, Qi J, Pan W, Tong J, Yan S, Tao F. Protective effect of high zinc levels on preterm birth induced by mercury exposure during pregnancy: A birth cohort study in China. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 55:71-77. [PMID: 31345369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of our study were to determine whether prenatal mercury levels are associated with the risk of preterm birth (PTB) and whether high maternal serum zinc (Zn) levels alleviate any negative effects of maternal mercury (Hg) exposure regarding PTB. METHODS Serum concentrations of Zn and Hg were measured in 3025 pregnant women from the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort. Before the collection of blood samples, they underwent examinations via the completion of questionnaires. The delivery records of the women were obtained from a series of medical records. We divided the study population into tertiles according to the participants' Hg levels: the low-Hg group (the first tertile, <0.30 μg/L), the medium-Hg group (the second tertile, 0.30-0.43 μg/L) and the high-Hg group (the third tertile, ≥0.43 μg/L). The associations of Hg exposure with both the risk of PTB and gestational age (weeks) at birth were estimated using a binary logistic regression model and multivariable linear regression analysis, respectively. Afterwards, we conducted a repeated analyses test after the participants were stratified according to their Zn levels, using the 75th percentile division method. RESULTS Overall, the medians and the interquartile ranges of Hg and Zn in the second trimester were 0.36 (0.27, 0.48) μg/L and 812.34 (731.26, 896.59) μg/L, respectively. Hg levels were associated with PTB [adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.91 (1.17, 3.12) for the third tertile vs. the first tertile of the serum Hg levels]. In the stratification analysis of the participants in the low-Zn group, the high-Hg group exhibited a significant odds ratio of PTB [adjusted OR (95% CI): 1.87 (1.08, 3.24)], compared to the low-Hg group. However, in the participants from the high-Zn group, the high-Hg group exhibited a non-significant OR of PTB [adjusted OR (95% CI): 2.32 (0.73, 7.42)]. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, gestational age (weeks) at delivery was significantly and inversely associated with the ln-transformed Hg concentrations [adjusted β (95% CI): -0.16 (-0.26, -0.06)]. Similarly, after the stratification analysis in the high-Zn group, there were no significant associations between PTB and the Hg levels [adjusted β (95% CI): -0.12 (-0.33, 0.09)]. CONCLUSION Prenatal Hg exposure adversely affected PTB, and high Zn levels alleviate this effect, which indicates that a more stringent control of Hg and a sufficient intake of Zn are necessary to help birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Xiang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiran Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Baoli Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Zhijuan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lanlan Feng
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Qi
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wan Pan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Tong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuangqin Yan
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Center, Ma'anshan, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China.
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Rahman MM, Hossain KFB, Banik S, Sikder MT, Akter M, Bondad SEC, Rahaman MS, Hosokawa T, Saito T, Kurasaki M. Selenium and zinc protections against metal-(loids)-induced toxicity and disease manifestations: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 168:146-163. [PMID: 30384162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metals are ubiquitous in the environment due to huge industrial applications in the form of different chemicals and from extensive mining activities. The frequent exposures to metals and metalloids are crucial for the human health. Trace metals are beneficial for health whereas non-essential metals are dangerous for the health and some are proven etiological factors for diseases including cancers and neurological disorders. The interactions of essential trace metals such as selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) with non-essential metals viz. lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) in biological system are very critical and complex. A huge number of studies report the protective role of Se and Zn against metal toxicity, both in animal and cellular levels, and also explain the numerous mechanisms involved. However, it has been considered that a tiny dyshomeostasis in the metals/trace metals status in biological system could induce severe deleterious effects that can manifest to numerous diseases. Thus, in this particular review, we have demonstrated the critical protection mechanism/s of Se and Zn against Cd, Pb, As and Hg toxicity in a one by one manner to clarify the up-to-date findings and perspectives. Furthermore, biomolecular consequences are comprehensively presented in light of particular cellular/biomolecular events which are somehow linked to a subsequent disease. The analyzed reports support significant protection potential of Se and Zn, either alone or in combination with other agents, against each of the abovementioned non-essential metals. However, Se and Zn are still not being used as detoxifying agents due to some unexplained reasons. We hypothesized that Se could be a potential candidate for detoxifying As and Hg regardless of their chemical speciations, but requires intensive clinical trials. However, particularly Zn-Hg interaction warrants more investigations both in animal and cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | | | - Subrata Banik
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Md Tajuddin Sikder
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan; Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, 060-0812 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mahmuda Akter
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Md Shiblur Rahaman
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hosokawa
- Research Division of Higher Education, Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaido University, 060-0817 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, 060-0812 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurasaki
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan; Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan.
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Moraes-Silva L, Oliveira CS, Peixoto NC, Pereira ME. Copper attenuates early and late biochemical alterations induced by inorganic mercury in young rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:633-644. [PMID: 29842829 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1474153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mercury (Hg), a divalent metal, produces adverse effects predominantly in the renal and central nervous systems. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of copper (Cu) in prevention of mercuric mercury (Hg2+)-mediated toxic effects as well as the role metallothioneins (MT) play in this protective mechanism in young rats. Wistar rats were treated subcutaneously with saline (Sal) or CuCl2.2H2O (Cu 2.6 mg/kg/day) from 3 to 7 days old and with saline or HgCl2 (Hg 3.7 mg/kg/day) from 8 to 12 days old. The experimental groups were (1) Sal-Sal, (2) Cu-Sal, (3) Sal-Hg, and (4) Cu-Hg. MTs and metal contents were determined at 13 and 33 days of age. Porphobilinogen synthase (PBG-synthase) activity as well as renal and hepatic parameters were measured at 33 days. At 13 day, Hg2+ exposure increased hepatic MT, Hg, zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) levels, in kidney elevated Cu and Hg and decreased renal Fe concentrations, accompanied by elevated blood Hg levels. At 33 days, Hg2+ exposure inhibited renal PBG-synthase activity, increased serum urea levels and lowered Fe and Mg levels. Copper partially prevented the rise in blood Hg and liver Fe noted at 13 days; and completely blocked urea rise and diminished renal PBG-synthase activity inhibition at 33 days. In 13-day-old rats, Cu exposure redistributed the Hg in the body, decreasing hepatic and blood levels while increasing renal levels, accompanied by elevated renal and hepatic MT levels in Hg2+-exposed animals. These results suggest that hepatic MT might bind to hepatic and blood Hg for transport to the kidney in order to be excreted. ABBREVIATIONS MT: metallothioneins; PBG-synthase: porphobilinogen synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucélia Moraes-Silva
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | - Cláudia Sirlene Oliveira
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | - Nilce Coelho Peixoto
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
- c Departamento de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Palmeira das Missões , RS , Brazil
| | - Maria Ester Pereira
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
- b Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
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Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are low molecular weight ubiquitous metalloproteins with high cysteine (thiol) content. The intracellular concentration of zinc (Zn) is tightly regulated and MT plays a crucial role in it. The present study investigates the relationship between the Zn status (as a function of Zn concentration and time) in the rat liver and the occurrence of hepatic MT. For dose dependent study, four experimental groups, one control and three receiving different levels of metal supplementation, were chosen [Group 1 control and Group 2, Group 3, Group 4 receiving subcutaneous dose of 10, 50 and 100 mg of Zn/kg body weight (in the form of ZnSO4·7H2O), respectively]. For the time dependent expression of MT, again four experimental groups, i.e. Group 5 control and Group 6, Group 7, Group 8 receiving 50 mg of Zn/kg body weight (in the form of ZnSO4·7H2O) subcutaneously and sacrificed at different time intervals after last injection i.e. 6, 18, 48 h, respectively were chosen. Isolation of MT was done by using combination of gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography while characterization of MT fraction was carried in the wavelength range 200-400 nm. Expression of MT was studied by using Western blot analysis. The results revealed that the MT expression increases with increasing the dose of Zn administered and maximum at 18 h after last Zn injection. Accumulation of MT with increase dose would help in maintaining the intracellular Zn concentration by its sequestration which further reduces the possibility of undesirable binding of Zn to other proteins significantly and maintains Zn homeostasis. The maximum expression of MT at 18 h is indicative of its half life.
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Oliveira VA, Favero G, Stacchiotti A, Giugno L, Buffoli B, de Oliveira CS, Lavazza A, Albanese M, Rodella LF, Pereira ME, Rezzani R. Acute mercury exposition of virgin, pregnant, and lactating rats: Histopathological kidney and liver evaluations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1500-1512. [PMID: 27726300 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the effects of mercury chloride (HgCl2 ) acute exposure on virgin, pregnant and lactating rats by determination of renal and hepatic morphological and ultrastructural parameters and the expression of oxidative stress and stress tolerance markers, due to kidney and liver are the organs that more accumulate inorganic mercury. Adult Wistar rats virgin (90 days old), pregnant (18th gestation day) and lactating (7th lactation day) were injected once with HgCl2 (5 mg/kg) or saline (controls). We observed that HgCl2 exposure of virgin rats caused significant inflammatory infiltration and severe morphological variations, like glomeruli atrophy, dilatation of Bowman's capsule, tubular degeneration and hepatocytes alteration. Moreover, virgin rats presented mitochondrial modification, important oxidative stress and increase in stress tolerance proteins at both kidney and liver level, compared with virgin controls. In detail, virgin rats exposed to HgCl2 presented significantly elevated level of inducible nitric oxide synthase, heat shock protein 27 and glucose regulated proteins 75 expressions at both renal tubular and hepatocytes level, respect untreated virgin rats. Interestingly, pregnant and lactating rats exposed to HgCl2 presented weak renal and liver morphological alterations, showing weak inflammatory infiltration and no significant difference in structural mitochondrial transmembrane protein, oxidative stress markers and stress tolerance proteins expressions respect controls (virgin, pregnant and lactating rats). Although, both control and HgCl2 -exposed pregnant and lactating rats showed renal glomeruli greater in diameter respect virgin rats. In conclusion, we believe that virgin rats are more sensitive to HgCl2 toxicity respect pregnant and lactating rats. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1500-1512, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Antunes Oliveira
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stacchiotti
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs- (ARTO)", University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorena Giugno
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Barbara Buffoli
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs- (ARTO)", University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Sirlene de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- OIE Reference Laboratory for RHD, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Albanese
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luigi Fabrizio Rodella
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs- (ARTO)", University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs- (ARTO)", University of Brescia, Italy
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Weng Z, Liu Z, Zhang S, Tao H, Ji X. Zinc protection in fetal rats for maternal mercury exposure-induced growth retardation is probably associated with S100B expression. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2016; 43:73-77. [PMID: 27928847 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The study was conducted to investigate the effects of maternal mercury exposure on fetal rat development and zinc protection in mercury-exposed rats. METHODS Pregnant rats were subjected to zinc sulfate pre-feeding, mercury exposure and zinc sulfate co-feeding. The control rats were administered distilled water. On day 19, the placental weight, overall weight, size and tail length of fetal rats, mercury content and S100B level in the placenta were determined using Western blot analysis. RESULTS Compared with the control, mercury exposure at 2.0 mg/kg.d significantly reduced placental weight and fetal development, resulting in reduced fetal weight, size and tail length, while zinc pre-feeding increased placental weight and other fetal developmental parameters. Compared with mercury exposure, co-feeding with zinc significantly reduced mercury-induced injury in the fetal rats. S100B and mercury content levels were significantly elevated in rats maternally exposed to methylmercury chloride, compared with the unexposed control, while co-feeding with methylmercury chloride and zinc sulfate significantly reduced S100B and mercury levels in the placenta. CONCLUSION Maternal exposure to mercury results in increased S100B in the placenta. Zinc sulfate feeding could reduce S100B and mercury levels, thereby protecting the rats from mercury damage. S100B level may be used to measure the antagonism between zinc and mercury during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanping Weng
- Department of Obstetrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Zonghua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Tao
- Department of Obstetrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianghong Ji
- Department of Obstetrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
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Inorganic mercury exposure in drinking water alters essential metal homeostasis in pregnant rats without altering rat pup behavior. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Hepatic Diseases: Therapeutic Possibilities of N-Acetylcysteine. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:30269-308. [PMID: 26694382 PMCID: PMC4691167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is highly prevalent in the world. Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are the most important pathogenetic events in liver diseases, regardless the different etiology and natural course. N-acetyl-l-cysteine (the active form) (NAC) is being studied in diseases characterized by increased OS or decreased glutathione (GSH) level. NAC acts mainly on the supply of cysteine for GSH synthesis. The objective of this review is to examine experimental and clinical studies that evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles of NAC in attenuating markers of inflammation and OS in hepatic damage. The results related to the supplementation of NAC in any form of administration and type of study are satisfactory in 85.5% (n = 59) of the cases evaluated (n = 69, 100%). Within this percentage, the dosage of NAC utilized in studies in vivo varied from 0.204 up to 2 g/kg/day. A standard experimental design of protection and treatment as well as the choice of the route of administration, with a broader evaluation of OS and inflammation markers in the serum or other biological matrixes, in animal models, are necessary. Clinical studies are urgently required, to have a clear view, so that, the professionals can be sure about the effectiveness and safety of NAC prescription.
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