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Malod K, Bierman A, Karsten M, Manrakhan A, Weldon CW, Terblanche JS. Evidence for transient deleterious thermal acclimation in field recapture rates of an invasive tropical species, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39126165 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Knowing how environmental conditions affect performance traits in pest insects is important to improve pest management strategies. It can be informative for monitoring, but also for control programs where insects are mass-reared, and field-released. Here, we investigated how adult thermal acclimation in sterile Bactrocera dorsalis affects dispersal and recapture rates in the field using a mark-release-recapture method. We also considered how current abiotic factors may affect recapture rates and interact with thermal history. We found that acclimation at 20 or 30 °C for 4 d prior to release reduced the number of recaptures in comparison with the 25 °C control group, but with no differences between groups in the willingness to disperse upon release. However, the deleterious effects of acclimation were only detectable in the first week following release, whereafter only the recent abiotic conditions explained recapture rates. In addition, we found that recent field conditions contributed more than thermal history to explain patterns of recaptures. The two most important variables affecting the number of recaptures were the maximum temperature and the average relative humidity experienced in the 24 h preceding trapping. Our results add to the handful of studies that have considered the effect of thermal acclimation on insect field performance, but notably lend support to the deleterious acclimation hypothesis among the various hypotheses that have been proposed. Finally, this study shows that there are specific abiotic conditions (cold/hot and dry) in which recaptures will be reduced, which may therefore bias estimates of wild population size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Malod
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anandi Bierman
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Minette Karsten
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Aruna Manrakhan
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Citrus Research International, Mbombela, South Africa
| | - Christopher W Weldon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - John S Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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2
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Piñanez-Espejo YMG, Munévar A, Schilman PE, Zurita GA. It is hot and cold here: the role of thermotolerance in the ability of spiders to colonize tree plantations in the southern Atlantic Forest. Oecologia 2024; 204:789-804. [PMID: 38561554 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide, with the decline of natural habitats, species with reduced niche breadth (specialists) are at greater risk of extinction as they cannot colonise or persist in disturbed habitat types. However, the role of thermal tolerance as a critical trait in understanding changes in species diversity in disturbed habitats, e.g., due to forest replacement by tree plantations, is still understudied. To examine the role of thermal tolerance on the responses of specialist and generalist species to habitat disturbances, we measured and compared local temperature throughout the year and thermotolerance traits [upper (CTmax) and lower (CTmin) thermal limits] of the most abundant species of spiders from different guilds inhabiting pine tree plantations and native Atlantic Forests in South America. Following the thermal adaptation hypothesis, we predicted that generalist species would show a wider thermal tolerance range (i.e., lower CTmin and higher CTmax) than forest specialist species. As expected, generalist species showed significantly higher CTmax and lower CTmin values than specialist species with wider thermal tolerance ranges than forest specialist species. These differences are more marked in orb weavers than in aerial hunter spiders. Our study supports the specialisation disturbance and thermal hypotheses. It highlights that habitat-specialist species are more vulnerable to environmental changes associated with vegetation structure and microclimatic conditions. Moreover, thermal tolerance is a key response trait to explain the Atlantic Forest spider's ability (or inability) to colonise and persist in human-productive land uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda M G Piñanez-Espejo
- IBS-Instituto de Biología Subtropical (UNaM-CONICET), Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.
| | - Ana Munévar
- IBS-Instituto de Biología Subtropical (UNaM-CONICET), Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Pablo E Schilman
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología de Insectos, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- CONICET-Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gustavo Andrés Zurita
- IBS-Instituto de Biología Subtropical (UNaM-CONICET), Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.
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3
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Moore NA, Morales-Castilla I, Hargreaves AL, Olalla-Tárraga MÁ, Villalobos F, Calosi P, Clusella-Trullas S, Rubalcaba JG, Algar AC, Martínez B, Rodríguez L, Gravel S, Bennett JM, Vega GC, Rahbek C, Araújo MB, Bernhardt JR, Sunday JM. Temperate species underfill their tropical thermal potentials on land. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1993-2003. [PMID: 37932384 PMCID: PMC10697837 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how temperature determines the distribution of life is necessary to assess species' sensitivities to contemporary climate change. Here, we test the importance of temperature in limiting the geographic ranges of ectotherms by comparing the temperatures and areas that species occupy to the temperatures and areas species could potentially occupy on the basis of their physiological thermal tolerances. We find that marine species across all latitudes and terrestrial species from the tropics occupy temperatures that closely match their thermal tolerances. However, terrestrial species from temperate and polar latitudes are absent from warm, thermally tolerable areas that they could potentially occupy beyond their equatorward range limits, indicating that extreme temperature is often not the factor limiting their distributions at lower latitudes. This matches predictions from the hypothesis that adaptation to cold environments that facilitates survival in temperate and polar regions is associated with a performance trade-off that reduces species' abilities to contend in the tropics, possibly due to biotic exclusion. Our findings predict more direct responses to climate warming of marine ranges and cool range edges of terrestrial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki A Moore
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Ignacio Morales-Castilla
- Department of Life Sciences, Global Change Ecology and Evolution Group, Universidad de Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Olalla-Tárraga
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | | | - Piero Calosi
- Marine Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology Laboratory, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Susana Clusella-Trullas
- Department of Botany and Zoology and School for Climate Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Juan G Rubalcaba
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Adam C Algar
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brezo Martínez
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Department of Biology (Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación, IU-ECOAQUA), Marine Sciences Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Las Palmas de G.C., Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Sarah Gravel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joanne M Bennett
- Fenner School of Environment & Society, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Greta C Vega
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Carsten Rahbek
- Center for Global Mountain Biodiversity, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Miguel B Araújo
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, National Museum of Natural Sciences, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- 'Rui Nabeiro' Biodiversity Chair, MED Institute, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Joey R Bernhardt
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Mubayiwa M, Machekano H, Chidawanyika F, Mvumi BM, Segaiso B, Nyamukondiwa C. Sub-optimal host plants have developmental and thermal fitness costs to the invasive fall armyworm. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:1204278. [PMID: 38469519 PMCID: PMC10926449 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1204278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a global invasive pest of cereals. Although this pest uses maize and sorghum as its main hosts, it is associated with a wide range of host plants due to its polyphagous nature. Despite the FAW's polyphagy being widely reported in literature, few studies have investigated the effects of the non-preferred conditions or forms (e.g., drought-stressed forms) of this pest's hosts on its physiological and ecological fitness. Thus, the interactive effects of biotic and abiotic stresses on FAW fitness costs or benefits have not been specifically investigated. We therefore assessed the effects of host plant quality on the developmental rates and thermal tolerance of the FAW. Specifically, we reared FAW neonates on three hosts (maize, cowpeas, and pearl millet) under two treatments per host plant [unstressed (well watered) and stressed (water deprived)] until the adult stage. Larval growth rates and pupal weights were determined. Thermal tolerance traits viz critical thermal maxima (CTmax), critical thermal minima (CTmin), heat knockdown time (HKDT), chill-coma recovery time (CCRT), and supercooling points (SCPs) were measured for the emerging adults from each treatment. The results showed that suboptimal diets significantly prolonged the developmental time of FAW larvae and reduced their growth rates and ultimate body weights, but did not impair their full development. Suboptimal diets (comprising non-cereal plants and drought-stressed cereal plants) increased the number of larval instars to eight compared to six for optimal natural diets (unstressed maize and pearl millet). Apart from direct effects, in all cases, suboptimal diets significantly reduced the heat tolerance of FAWs, but their effect on cold tolerance was recorded only in select cases (e.g., SCP). These results suggest host plant effects on the physical and thermal fitness of FAW, indicating a considerable degree of resilience against multiple stressors. This pest's resilience can present major drawbacks to its cultural management using suboptimal hosts (in crop rotations or intercrops) through its ability to survive on most host plants despite their water stress condition and gains in thermal fitness. The fate of FAW population persistence under multivariate environmental stresses is therefore not entirely subject to prior environmental host plant history or quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macdonald Mubayiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Honest Machekano
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Frank Chidawanyika
- Plant Health Department, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Brighton M. Mvumi
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Environment and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Bame Segaiso
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
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Turriago JL, Tejedo M, Hoyos JM, Camacho A, Bernal MH. The time course of acclimation of critical thermal maxima is modulated by the magnitude of temperature change and thermal daily fluctuations. J Therm Biol 2023; 114:103545. [PMID: 37290261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasticity in the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) helps ectotherms survive in variable thermal conditions. Yet, little is known about the environmental mechanisms modulating its time course. We used the larvae of three neotropical anurans (Boana platanera, Engystomops pustulosus and Rhinella horribilis) to test whether the magnitude of temperature changes and the existence of fluctuations in the thermal environment affected both the amount of change in CTmax and its acclimation rate (i.e., its time course). For that, we transferred tadpoles from a pre-treatment temperature (23 °C, constant) to two different water temperatures: mean (28 °C) and hot (33 °C), crossed with constant and daily fluctuating thermal regimes, and recorded CTmax values, daily during six days. We modeled changes in CTmax as an asymptotic function of time, temperature, and the daily thermal fluctuation. The fitted function provided the asymptotic CTmax value (CTmax∞) and CTmax acclimation rate (k). Tadpoles achieved their CTmax∞ between one and three days. Transferring tadpoles to the hot treatment generated higher CTmax∞ at earlier times, inducing faster acclimation rates in tadpoles. In contrast, thermal fluctuations equally led to higher CTmax∞ values but tadpoles required longer times to achieve CTmax∞ (i.e., slower acclimation rates). These thermal treatments interacted differently with the studied species. In general, the thermal generalist Rhinella horribilis showed the most plastic acclimation rates whereas the ephemeral-pond breeder Engystomops pustulosus, more exposed to heat peaks during larval development, showed less plastic (i.e., canalized) acclimation rates. Further comparative studies of the time course of CTmax acclimation should help to disentangle the complex interplay between the thermal environment and species ecology, to understand how tadpoles acclimate to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Turriago
- Grupo de Herpetología, Eco-Fisiología & Etología, Department of Biology, Universidad del Tolima, Tolima, 730006299, Colombia; Programa Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, 11001000, Colombia.
| | - Miguel Tejedo
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, 41092, Spain.
| | - Julio M Hoyos
- Grupo UNESIS, Department of Biology, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, 11001000, Colombia.
| | - Agustín Camacho
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, 41092, Spain.
| | - Manuel H Bernal
- Grupo de Herpetología, Eco-Fisiología & Etología, Department of Biology, Universidad del Tolima, Tolima, 730006299, Colombia.
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Chown SL, Janion-Scheepers C, Marshall A, Aitkenhead IJ, Hallas R, Amy Liu WP, Phillips LM. Indigenous and introduced Collembola differ in desiccation resistance but not its plasticity in response to temperature. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 3:100051. [PMID: 36591563 PMCID: PMC9800180 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2022.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions have significant ecological and economic impacts. Much attention is therefore focussed on predicting establishment and invasion success. Trait-based approaches are showing much promise, but are mostly restricted to investigations of plants. Although the application of these approaches to animals is growing rapidly, it is rare for arthropods and restricted mostly to investigations of thermal tolerance. Here we study the extent to which desiccation tolerance and its phenotypic plasticity differ between introduced (nine species) and indigenous (seven species) Collembola, specifically testing predictions of the 'ideal weed' and 'phenotypic plasticity' hypotheses of invasion biology. We do so on the F2 generation of adults in a full factorial design across two temperatures, to elicit desiccation responses, for the phenotypic plasticity trials. We also determine whether basal desiccation resistance responds to thermal laboratory natural selection. We first show experimentally that acclimation to different temperatures elicits changes to cuticular structure and function that are typically associated with water balance, justifying our experimental approach. Our main findings reveal that basal desiccation resistance differs, on average, between the indigenous and introduced species, but that this difference is weaker at higher temperatures, and is driven by particular taxa, as revealed by phylogenetic generalised least squares approaches. By contrast, the extent or form of phenotypic plasticity does not differ between the two groups, with a 'hotter is better' response being most common. Beneficial acclimation is characteristic of only a single species. Laboratory natural selection had little influence on desiccation resistance over 8-12 generations, suggesting that environmental filtering rather than adaptation to new environments may be an important factor influencing Collembola invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Charlene Janion-Scheepers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Angus Marshall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ian J Aitkenhead
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Rebecca Hallas
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - WP Amy Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Laura M Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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7
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Tarusikirwa VL, Cuthbert RN, Mutamiswa R, Nyamukondiwa C. Context-dependent integrated stress resistance promotes a global invasive pest. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1790-1804. [PMID: 35290720 PMCID: PMC10084016 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In nature, insects concurrently face multiple environmental stressors, a scenario likely increasing with climate change. Integrated stress resistance (ISR) thus often improves fitness and could drive invasiveness, but how physiological mechanisms influence invasion has lacked examination. Here, we investigated cross-tolerance to abiotic stress factors which may influence range limits in the South American tomato pinworm-a global invader that is an ecologically and socially damaging crop pest. Specifically, we tested the effects of prior rapid cold- and heat-hardening (RCH and RHH), fasting, and desiccation on cold and heat tolerance traits, as well as starvation and desiccation survivability between T. absoluta life stages. Acclimation effects on critical thermal minima (CTmin ) and maxima (CTmax ) were inconsistent, showing significantly deleterious effects of RCH on adult CTmax and CTmin and, conversely, beneficial acclimation effects of RCH on larval CTmin . While no beneficial effects of desiccation acclimation were recorded for desiccation tolerance, fasted individuals had significantly higher survival in adults, whereas fasting negatively affected larval tolerances. Furthermore, fasted and desiccation acclimated adults had significantly higher starvation tolerance, showing strong evidence for cross-tolerance. Our results show context-dependent ISR traits that may promote T. absoluta fitness and competitiveness. Given the frequent overlapping occurrence of these divergent stressors, ISR reported here may thus partly elucidate the observed rapid global spread of T. absoluta into more stressful environments than expected. This information is vital in determining the underpinnings of multistressor responses, which are fundamental in forecasting species responses to changing environments and management responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimbai L. Tarusikirwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and BiotechnologyBotswana International University of Science and TechnologyPalapyeBotswana
| | - Ross N. Cuthbert
- GEOMAR Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Ozeanforschung KielKielGermany
- School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastNorthern IrelandUnited Kingdom
| | - Reyard Mutamiswa
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
- Tugwi‐Mukosi Multidisciplinary Research InstituteMidlands State UniversityGweruZimbabwe
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and BiotechnologyBotswana International University of Science and TechnologyPalapyeBotswana
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyRhodes UniversityMakhandaSouth Africa
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Minnaar IA, Hui C, Clusella-Trullas S. Jack, master or both? The invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis performs better than a native coccinellid despite divergent trait plasticity. NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.77.91402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The plasticity of performance traits can promote the success of biological invasions and therefore, precisely estimating trait reaction norms can help to predict the establishment and persistence of introduced species in novel habitats. Most studies focus only on a reduced set of traits and rarely include trait variability that may be vital to predicting establishment success. Here, using a split-brood full-sib design, we acclimated the globally invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis and a native co-occurring and competing species Cheilomenes lunata to cold, medium and warm temperature regimes, and measured critical thermal limits, life-history traits, and starvation resistance. We used the conceptual framework of “Jack, Master or both” to test predictions regarding performance differences of these two species. The native C. lunata had a higher thermal plasticity of starvation resistance and a higher upper thermal tolerance than H. axyridis. By contrast, H. axyridis had a higher performance than C. lunata for preoviposition period, fecundity and adult emergence from pupae. We combined trait responses, transport duration and propagule pressure to predict the size of the populations established in a novel site following cold, medium and warm scenarios. Although C. lunata initially had a higher performance than the invasive species during transport, more individuals of H. axyridis survived in all simulated environments due to the combined life-history responses, and in particular, higher fecundity. Despite an increased starvation mortality in the warm scenario, given a sufficient propagule size, H. axyridis successfully established. This study underscores how the combination and plasticity of multiple performance traits can strongly influence establishment potential of species introduced into novel environments.
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Steyn VM, Mitchell KA, Nyamukondiwa C, Terblanche JS. Understanding costs and benefits of thermal plasticity for pest management: insights from the integration of laboratory, semi-field and field assessments of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:458-468. [PMID: 35535735 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The relative costs and benefits of thermal acclimation for manipulating field performance of pest insects depend upon a number of factors including which traits are affected and how persistent any trait changes are in different environments. By assessing plastic trait responses of Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) across three distinct operational environments (laboratory, semi-field, and field), we examined the influence of different thermal acclimation regimes (cool, intermediate [or handling control], and warm) on thermal tolerance traits (chill-coma recovery, heat-knockdown time, critical thermal minimum and critical thermal maximum) and flight performance (mark-release-recapture). Under laboratory conditions, thermal acclimation altered thermal limits in a relatively predictable manner and there was a generally positive effect across all traits assessed, although some traits responded more strongly. By contrast, dispersal-related performance yielded strongly contrasting results depending on the specific operational environment assessed. In semi-field conditions, warm- or cold-acclimated flies were recaptured more often than the control group at cooler ambient conditions suggesting an overall stimulatory influence of thermal variability on low-temperature dispersal. Under field conditions, a different pattern was identified: colder flies were recaptured more in warmer field conditions relative to other treatment groups. This study highlights the trait- and context-specific nature of how thermal acclimation influences traits of thermal performance and tolerance. Consequently, laboratory and semi-field assessments of dispersal may not provide results that extend into the field setting despite the apparent continuum of environmental complexity among them (laboratory < semi-field < field).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon M Steyn
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Katherine A Mitchell
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - John S Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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10
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Sinclair BJ, Sørensen JG, Terblanche JS. Harnessing thermal plasticity to enhance the performance of mass-reared insects: opportunities and challenges. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:441-450. [PMID: 35346401 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insects are mass-reared for release for biocontrol including the sterile insect technique. Insects are usually reared at temperatures that maximize the number of animals produced, are chilled for handling and transport, and released into the field, where temperatures may be considerably different to those experienced previously. Insect thermal biology is phenotypically plastic (i.e. flexible), which means that there may exist opportunities to increase the performance of these programmes by modifying the temperature regimes during rearing, handling, and release. Here we synthesize the literature on thermal plasticity in relation to the opportunities to reduce temperature-related damage and increase the performance of released insects. We summarize how and why temperature affects insect biology, and the types of plasticity shown by insects. We specifically identify aspects of the production chain that might lead to mismatches between the thermal acclimation of the insect and the temperatures it is exposed to, and identify ways to harness physiological plasticity to reduce that potential mismatch. We address some of the practical (especially engineering) challenges to implementing some of the best-supported thermal regimes to maximize performance (e.g. fluctuating thermal regimes), and acknowledge that a focus only on thermal performance may lead to unwanted trade-offs with other traits that contribute to the success of the programme. Together, it appears that thermal physiological plasticity is well-enough understood to allow its implementation in release programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent J Sinclair
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6G 1L3
| | | | - John S Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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11
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Dufour PC, Tsang TPN, Clusella-Trullas S, Bonebrake TC. No consistent effect of daytime versus night-time measurement of thermal tolerance in nocturnal and diurnal lizards. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 10:coac020. [PMID: 35492412 PMCID: PMC9040285 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While essential in understanding impacts of climate change for organisms, diel variation remains an understudied component of temporal variation in thermal tolerance limits [i.e. the critical thermal minimum (CTmin) and maximum (CTmax)]. For example, a higher Ctmax might be expected for an individual if the measurement is taken during the day (when heat stress is most likely to occur) instead of at night. We measured thermal tolerance (Ctmin and Ctmax) during both the daytime and night-time in 101 nocturnal and diurnal geckos and skinks in Hong Kong and in South Africa, representing six species and covering a range of habitats. We found that period of measurement (day vs. night) only affected Ctmin in South Africa (but not in Hong Kong) and that Ctmax was unaffected. Body size and species were important factors for determining Ctmax in Hong Kong and Ctmin in South Africa, respectively. Overall, however, we did not find consistent diel variation of thermal tolerance and suggest that measurements of critical thermal limits may be influenced by timing of measurement-but that such effects, when present, are likely to be context-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline C Dufour
- Area of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Toby P N Tsang
- Area of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Susana Clusella-Trullas
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Timothy C Bonebrake
- Area of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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12
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Gotcha N, Cuthbert RN, Machekano H, Nyamukondiwa C. Density-dependent ecosystem service delivery under shifting temperatures by dung beetles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150575. [PMID: 34634717 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increases in the frequency and magnitude of suboptimal temperatures as a result of climate change are subjecting insects to unprecedented stresses. This may negatively affect their fitness and the efficiency of their ecosystem service provision. Dung beetles are ecosystem service providers: through feeding on and burying dung, they facilitate nutrient recycling, secondary seed dispersal, parasite control, soil bioturbation and dung decomposition. As such, prediction of how dung beetles respond to multiple anthropogenic environmental changes is critical for the conservation of ecosystem services. Here, we quantified ecosystem services via dung utilisation and dung ball production in three telecoprid species: Allogymnopleurus indigaceous, Scarabaeus zambezianus and Khepher prodigiosus. We examined ecosystem service efficiency factorially under different beetle densities towards different dung masses and under three temperature treatments (21 °C, 28 °C and 35 °C). Khepher prodigiosus, exhibited greatest dung utilisation efficiency overall across dung masses, compared to both S. zambezianus and A. indigaceous. Dung removal was exhibited under all the tested temperatures by all tested species, and therefore the sub-optimal temperatures employed here did not fully inhibit ecosystem service delivery. However, emergent effects among temperatures, beetle species and beetle density further affected removal efficiency: S. zambezianus and A. indigaceous utilisation increased with both warming and beetle density, whereas K. prodigiosus performance was less temperature- and density-dependent. Beetles also tended to exhibit positive density-dependence as dung supply increased. The numbers of dung balls produced differed across species, and increased with temperature and densities, with S. zambezianus producing significantly most balls overall. Our study provides novel evidence for differential density-dependent ecosystem service delivery among species across stressful temperature regimes and emergent effects for dung mass utilisation. This information is essential for biodiversity-ecosystem-function and is critical for the conservation of functionally efficacious species, with implications for natural capital conservation policy in rapidly changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonofo Gotcha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Ross N Cuthbert
- GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany; School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, BT9 5DL Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Honest Machekano
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana.
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13
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Walsh BS, Parratt SR, Mannion NLM, Snook RR, Bretman A, Price TAR. Plastic responses of survival and fertility following heat stress in pupal and adult Drosophila virilis. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:18238-18247. [PMID: 35003670 PMCID: PMC8717264 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of rising global temperatures on survival and reproduction is putting many species at risk of extinction. In particular, it has recently been shown that thermal effects on reproduction, especially limits to male fertility, can underpin species distributions in insects. However, the physiological factors influencing fertility at high temperatures are poorly understood. Key factors that affect somatic thermal tolerance such as hardening, the ability to phenotypically increase thermal tolerance after a mild heat shock, and the differential impact of temperature on different life stages are largely unexplored for thermal fertility tolerance. Here, we examine the impact of high temperatures on male fertility in the cosmopolitan fruit fly Drosophila virilis. We first determined whether temperature stress at either the pupal or adult life history stage impacts fertility. We then tested the capacity for heat-hardening to mitigate heat-induced sterility. We found that thermal stress reduces fertility in different ways in pupae and adults. Pupal heat stress delays sexual maturity, whereas males heated as adults can reproduce initially following heat stress, but become sterile within seven days. We also found evidence that while heat-hardening in D. virilis can improve high temperature survival, there is no significant protective impact of this same hardening treatment on fertility. These results suggest that males may be unable to prevent the costs of high temperature stress on fertility through heat-hardening, which limits a species' ability to quickly and effectively reduce fertility loss in the face of short-term high temperature events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amanda Bretman
- School of BiologyFaculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Tom A. R. Price
- Institute of Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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14
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Machekano H, Zidana C, Gotcha N, Nyamukondiwa C. Limited thermal plasticity may constrain ecosystem function in a basally heat tolerant tropical telecoprid dung beetle, Allogymnopleurus thalassinus (Klug, 1855). Sci Rep 2021; 11:22192. [PMID: 34772933 PMCID: PMC8590042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropical organisms are more vulnerable to climate change and associated heat stress as they live close to their upper thermal limits (UTLs). UTLs do not only vary little across tropical species according to the basal versus plasticity ‘trade-off’ theory but may also be further constrained by low genetic variation. We tested this hypothesis, and its effects on ecosystem function using a diurnally active dung rolling beetle (telecoprid), Allogymnopleurus thalassinus (Klug, 1855) that inhabits arid environments. Specifically, (i) we tested basal heat tolerance (critical thermal maxima [CTmax] and heat knockdown time [HKDT]), and (ii) ecological functioning (dung removal) efficiency following dynamic chronic acclimation temperatures of variable high (VT-H) (28–45 °C) and variable low (VT-L) (28–16 °C). Results showed that A. thalassinus had extremely high basal heat tolerance (> 50 °C CTmax and high HKDT). Effects of acclimation were significant for heat tolerance, significantly increasing and reducing CTmax values for variable temperature high and variable temperature low respectively. Similarly, effects of acclimation on HKDT were significant, with variable temperature high significantly increasing HKDT, while variable temperature low reduced HKDT. Effects of acclimation on ecological traits showed that beetles acclimated to variable high temperatures were ecologically more efficient in their ecosystem function (dung removal) compared to those acclimated at variable low temperatures. Allogymnopleurus thalassinus nevertheless, had low acclimation response ratios, signifying limited scope for complete plasticity for UTLs tested here. This result supports the ‘trade-off’ theory, and that observed limited plasticity may unlikely buffer A. thalassinus against effects of climate change, and by extension, albeit with caveats to other tropical ecological service providing insect species. This work provides insights on the survival mechanisms of tropical species against heat and provides a framework for the conservation of these natural capital species that inhabit arid environments under rapidly changing environmental climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honest Machekano
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana.,Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Chipo Zidana
- Department of Mathematics and Statistical Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Nonofo Gotcha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana.
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15
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Non-linear physiological responses to climate change: the case of Ceratitis capitata distribution and abundance in Europe. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractUnderstanding how climate change might influence the distribution and abundance of crop pests is fundamental for the development and the implementation of pest management strategies. Here we present and apply a modelling framework assessing the non-linear physiological responses of the life-history strategies of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata, Wiedemann) to temperature. The model is used to explore how climate change might influence the distribution and abundance of this pest in Europe. We estimated the change in the distribution, abundance and activity of this species under current (year 2020) and future (years 2030 and 2050) climatic scenarios. The effects of climate change on the distribution, abundance and activity of C. capitata are heterogeneous both in time and in space. A northward expansion of the species, an increase in the altitudinal limit marking the presence of the species, and an overall increase in population abundance is expected in areas that might become more suitable under a changing climate. On the contrary, stable or reduced population abundances can be expected in areas where climate change leads to equally suitable or less suitable conditions. This heterogeneity reflects the contribution of both spatial variability in the predicted climatic patterns and non-linearity in the responses of the species’ life-history strategies to temperature.
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16
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Gotcha N, Machekano H, Cuthbert RN, Nyamukondiwa C. Heat tolerance may determine activity time in coprophagic beetle species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1076-1086. [PMID: 32567803 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although reports have documented loss of species diversity and ecological services caused by stressful temperature changes that result from climate change, some species cope through behavioral compensation. As temperatures and magnitudes of temperature extremes increase, animals should compensate to maintain fitness (such as through temporary behavioral shifts in activity times). Appropriate timing of activity helps avoid competition across species. Although coprophagic dung beetles exhibit species-specific temporal activity times, it is unknown whether temperature drives evolution of these species-specific temporal activity times. Using nine dung beetle species (three each of diurnal, crepuscular, and nocturnal species), we explored differences in heat stress tolerance measured as critical thermal maxima (CTmax ; the highest temperature allowing activity) and heat knockdown time (HKDT; survival time under acute heat stress) across these species, and examined the results using a phylogenetically informed approach. Our results showed that day-active species had significantly higher CTmax (diurnal > crepuscular = nocturnal species), whereas crepuscular species had higher HKDT (crepuscular > nocturnal > diurnal species). There was no correlation between heat tolerance and body size across species with distinct temporal activity, and no significant phylogenetic constraint for activity. Species with higher CTmax did not necessarily have higher HKDT, which indicates that species may respond differently to diverse heat tolerance metrics. Acute heat tolerance for diurnal beetles indicates that this trait may constrain activity time and, under high acute temperatures with climate change, species may shift activity times in more benign environments. These results contribute to elucidate the evolution of foraging behavior and management of coprophagic beetle ecosystem services under changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonofo Gotcha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Honest Machekano
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Ross N Cuthbert
- GEOMAR, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
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17
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Engell Dahl J, Marti SL, Colinet H, Wiegand C, Holmstrup M, Renault D. Thermal plasticity and sensitivity to insecticides in populations of an invasive beetle: Cyfluthrin increases vulnerability to extreme temperature. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129905. [PMID: 33979910 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change increases average temperatures and the occurrence of extreme weather events, in turn accentuating the risk of organism exposure to temperature stress. When thermal conditions become stressful, the sensitivity of insects toward insecticides can be exacerbated. Likewise, exposure of insects to insecticides can subsequently influence their ability to handle stressful temperatures. Here, we investigated the effects of constant temperature and daily heat spikes, in presence/absence of insecticide treatment (cyfluthrin), on the condition (impairment of mobility) and thermal tolerance to cold (-6 °C) and heat (42.5 °C) of the terrestrial beetle Alphitobius diaperinus. The responses of insects from four populations (three farm-collected populations, one laboratory population) to different durations of extreme temperature exposure were compared. The results showed that the laboratory population was generally more sensitive to extreme cold and heat temperatures, with less than 50% of adults recovering after an exposure at -6 or +42.5 °C for 3h. Significant differences in the level of thermal tolerance were also found among insects from poultry farms. Cyfluthrin exposure incurred detrimental effects to insects' condition in all but one population. For two out of the four populations, mobility impairment was increased when adults were exposed to daily heat spikes (6 h per day at 38 °C) and cyfluthrin simultaneously, compared to cyfluthrin exposure at constant temperatures; yet, no significant interaction between the two stressors was found. Finally, using one farm collected population, effects of pre-exposure to cyfluthrin on extreme temperature tolerance provided another example of the toxicant-induced climate sensitivity in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Engell Dahl
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], UMR 6553, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Sapho-Lou Marti
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], UMR 6553, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Hervé Colinet
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], UMR 6553, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Claudia Wiegand
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], UMR 6553, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- University of Aarhus, Department of Bioscience, Section for Terrestrial Ecology, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - David Renault
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], UMR 6553, F-35000, Rennes, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, Paris, France
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18
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Inskeep JR, Allen AP, Taylor PW, Rempoulakis P, Weldon CW. Canopy distribution and microclimate preferences of sterile and wild Queensland fruit flies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13010. [PMID: 34155249 PMCID: PMC8217526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects tend to live within well-defined habitats, and at smaller scales can have distinct microhabitat preferences. These preferences are important, but often overlooked, in applications of the sterile insect technique. Different microhabitat preferences of sterile and wild insects may reflect differences in environmental tolerance and may lead to spatial separation in the field, both of which may reduce the control program efficiency. In this study, we compared the diurnal microhabitat distributions of mass-reared (fertile and sterile) and wild Queensland fruit flies, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Flies were individually tagged and released into field cages containing citrus trees. We recorded their locations in the canopies (height from ground, distance from canopy center), behavior (resting, grooming, walking, feeding), and the abiotic conditions on occupied leaves (temperature, humidity, light intensity) throughout the day. Flies from all groups moved lower in the canopy when temperature and light intensity were high, and humidity was low; lower canopy regions provided shelter from these conditions. Fertile and sterile mass-reared flies of both sexes were generally lower in the canopies than wild flies. Flies generally fed from the top sides of leaves that were lower in the canopy, suggesting food sources in these locations. Our observations suggest that mass-reared and wild B. tryoni occupy different locations in tree canopies, which could indicate different tolerances to environmental extremes and may result in spatial separation of sterile and wild flies when assessed at a landscape scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess R Inskeep
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- Vector Control, Hawaii Department of Health, Kahului, HI, 96732, USA.
| | - Andrew P Allen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Phillip W Taylor
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Polychronis Rempoulakis
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Ourimbah, NSW, 2258, Australia
| | - Christopher W Weldon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0083, South Africa
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Noor-ul-Ane M, Jung C. Characterization of Cold Tolerance of Immature Stages of Small Hive Beetle (SHB) Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). INSECTS 2021; 12:459. [PMID: 34065749 PMCID: PMC8156064 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The small hive beetle (SHB) Aethina tumida Murray, (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) is now a global invasive pest of honey bees, but its cold tolerance potential has not been yet explored. Therefore, we measured the supercooling point (SCP) of different stages of SHBs and also the impact of acclimation on their SCPs and survival as a measure for cold tolerance. Combinations of different temperatures (0, 3, 5, 7, and 10 ∘C) for different hours (1, 3, 5, 7, 12, 24, 35, and 48 h) were used to assess SHB survival. The supercooling points occurred at lower temperatures (-19.4 ∘C) in wandering larvae than in the other stages (pupae: -12.5 ∘C, and feeding larvae: -10.7 ∘C). A lethal temperature (LT50) of feeding larvae was achieved earlier at 4.9 ∘C after 7 h exposure than the wandering larvae (3.7 ∘C at 48 h) and pupae (5.6 ∘C at 48 h). The sum of injurious temperature (SIT) is the most suitable estimation to describe cold resistance of the SHB immatures. The wandering larvae were the most cold tolerant, followed by pupae and feeding larvae based on SIT values of -286.8, -153.7 and -28.7 DD, respectively, and also showed more phenotypic plasticity after acclimation than feeding larvae and slightly more than pupae. Our results show that all stages, i.e., feeding larvae, wandering larvae and pupae, are chill susceptible. However, these stages, especially wandering larvae and pupae, showed the capacity to acclimate to cold temperatures, which may help them to survive in winter for the continuity of the SHB population, especially in a scenario of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Noor-ul-Ane
- Agricultural Science & Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong 36744, Korea;
| | - Chuleui Jung
- Agricultural Science & Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong 36744, Korea;
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36744, Korea
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20
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Kuyucu AC, Chown SL. Time course of acclimation of critical thermal limits in two springtail species (Collembola). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 130:104209. [PMID: 33609519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Critical thermal limits are one of the most important sources of information on the possible impacts of climate change on soil microarthropods. The extent of plasticity of tolerance limits can provide valuable insights about the likely responses of ectotherms to environmental change. Although many studies have investigated various aspects of the acclimatory response of thermal limits to temperature changes in arthropods, the number of studies focusing on the temporal dynamics of this plastic response is relatively small. Collembola, one of the key microarthropods groups in almost all soil ecosystems around the world, have been the focus of several thermal acclimation studies. Yet the time course of acclimation and its reversal have not been widely studied in this group. Here we investigated the time course of acclimation of critical thermal maxima (CTmax) and minima (CTmin) of two springtail species. We exposed a Cryptopygus species from temperate southern Australia to high and low temperature conditions and Mucrosomia caeca from Sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island to high temperature conditions. Upper thermal limits in both species were found to be highly constrained, as CTmax did not show substantial response to high and low temperature acclimation both in the Cryptopygus species and M. caeca, whereas CTmin showed significant responses to high and low temperature conditions. The acclimation begins to stabilize in approximately seven days in all treatments except for the acclimation of CTmin under high temperature conditions, where the pattern of change suggests that this acclimation might take longer to be completed. Although reversal of this acclimation also begins to stabilize under 7 days, re-acclimation was relatively slow as we did not observe a very clear settling point in 2 of the 3 re-acclimation treatments. The observed limits on the plasticity of CTmax indicate that both of these species may be very limited in their ability to respond plastically to short-term rapid changes in temperature (i.e temperature extremes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arda C Kuyucu
- Hacettepe University, Department of Biology, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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21
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Abd-Elgawad MMM. The Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae), a Key Pest of Citrus in Egypt. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT 2021; 12. [DOI: 10.1093/jipm/pmab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The Mediterranean fruit fly (Mediterranean fruit fly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is a key pest of citrus fruit (Sapindales: Rutaceae), and can infect over 300 other economically important fruit-bearing plant species globally. The Mediterranean fruit fly moves to different hosts continuously and has 8–10 overlapping generations a year in Egypt. The female lays the eggs under the fruit peel and hatched larvae use anterior mouth hooks to vigorously feed on fruit flesh until they reach the third and last instar. As tens of eggs are often deposited in a single spot, the fruit becomes juicy and inedible. Larval infection and feeding also facilitate the entry of fungi and microbes that can rot the fruit. Infestation of citrus orchards can result in significant annual losses in crop size and quality. As a quarantine pest with high reproductive potential and dispersive ability, the Mediterranean fruit fly is difficult to manage and poses a major threat to Egyptian citrus export because of concerns over infection or pesticide residues. This review discusses the current state of research on Mediterranean fruit fly biology and ecology as well as host fruit production practices from the standpoint of pest management. Integrated pest management programs consisting of regulatory, cultural, chemical, genetic, and biological control methods that are currently the most effective strategies for Mediterranean fruit fly control are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfouz M M Abd-Elgawad
- Plant Pathology Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Division, National Research Centre, El-behooth Street, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
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22
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Constant and fluctuating temperature acclimations have similar effects on phenotypic plasticity in springtails. J Therm Biol 2020; 93:102690. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Wu J, Zhang W, Li C. Recent Advances in Genetic and Epigenetic Modulation of Animal Exposure to High Temperature. Front Genet 2020; 11:653. [PMID: 32733534 PMCID: PMC7358359 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals have evolved multiple systems, including genetic and epigenetic systems, to respond accordingly to heat exposure and heat acclimation. Heat exposure greatly affects immunity, changes metabolic processes, and poses a serious threat to animals. Heat acclimation is induced by repeated organism exposure to heat stress to dissipate heat. This review focuses on genetic modulation via heat shock transcription factors and calcium as two important factors and compares the changes in HSPs under heat stress and heat acclimation. Epigenetic regulation summarizes the role of HSPs in DNA methylation and histone modifications under heat stress and heat acclimation. These genetic and epigenetic modifications protect cells from thermal damage by mediating the transcriptional levels of heat-responsive genes. This review highlights recent advances in the genetic and epigenetic control of animal thermal responses and their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Shinner R, Terblanche JS, Clusella-Trullas S. Across-stage consequences of thermal stress have trait-specific effects and limited fitness costs in the harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis. Evol Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-020-10045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Tarusikirwa VL, Mutamiswa R, English S, Chidawanyika F, Nyamukondiwa C. Thermal plasticity in the invasive south American tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). J Therm Biol 2020; 90:102598. [PMID: 32479393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a devastating invasive global insect pest of tomato, Solanum lycopersicum (Solanaceae). In nature, pests face multiple overlapping environmental stressors, which may significantly influence survival. To cope with rapidly changing environments, insects often employ a suite of mechanisms at both acute and chronic time-scales, thereby improving fitness at sub-optimal thermal environments. For T. absoluta, physiological responses to transient thermal variability remain under explored. Moreso, environmental effects and physiological responses may differ across insect life stages and this can have implications for population dynamics. Against this background, we investigated short and long term plastic responses to temperature of T. absoluta larvae (4th instar) and adults (24-48 h old) from field populations. We measured traits of temperature tolerance vis critical thermal limits [critical thermal minima (CTmin) and maxima (CTmax)], heat knockdown time (HKDT), chill coma recovery time (CCRT) and supercooling points (SCP). Our results showed that at the larval stage, Rapid Cold Hardening (RCH) significantly improved CTmin and HKDT but impaired SCP and CCRT. Heat hardening in larvae impaired CTmin, CCRT, SCP, CTmax but not HKDT. In adults, both heat and cold hardening generally impaired CTmin and CTmax, but had no effects on HKDT, SCP and CCRT. Low temperature acclimation significantly improved CTmin and HKDT while marginally compromising CCRT and CTmax, whereas high temperature acclimation had no significant effects on any traits except for HKDT in larvae. Similarly, low and high temperature acclimation had no effects on CTmin, SCPs and CTmax, while high temperature acclimation significantly compromised adult CCRT. Our results show that larvae are more thermally plastic than adults and can shift their thermal tolerance in short and long timescales. The larval plasticity reported here could be advantageous in new envirnments, suggesting an asymmetrical ecological role of larva relative to adults in facilitating T. absoluta invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimbai L Tarusikirwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, P. Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Reyard Mutamiswa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Sinead English
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Frank Chidawanyika
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, P. Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana.
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Benelli M, Ponton F, Lallu U, Mitchell KA, Taylor PW. Cool storage of Queensland fruit fly pupae for improved management of mass production schedules. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:3184-3192. [PMID: 30950173 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cool storage is a valuable means of manipulating insect development time. The Queensland fruit fly (Q-fly) is Australia's most economically significant pest of fruit crops. The present study investigates cool storage of Q-fly pupae for increasing production flexibility for sterile insect technique programs. Development time, survival and fly quality were assessed following continuous storage of 1-day-old pupae at temperatures ranging from 13 to 25 °C. RESULTS Survival was reduced almost to zero by pupal storage at 13 and 15 °C, was greatly reduced by storage at 17 °C, and was modestly reduced by storage at 19 °C. Pupal development time was extended by 16 days at 17 °C and by 9 days at 19 °C. Cool storage negatively affected flight ability and depleted lipid reserves. Cool storage at 19 °C enhanced the ability of 3-day-old adults to recover from chill-coma compared to control flies, indicating cold acclimation. CONCLUSION There is potential for use of cool storage in Q-fly mass rearing, especially to improve alignment between production and field releases. For the purpose of delaying the development time of Q-fly pupae with minimal quality reduction, storage at 23 °C is recommended for 1-day-old pupae. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Benelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fleur Ponton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Urvashi Lallu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Phillip W Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Life-stage related responses to combined effects of acclimation temperature and humidity on the thermal tolerance of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). J Therm Biol 2019; 79:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Treasure AM, Chown SL. Phenotypic plasticity in locomotor performance of a monophyletic group of weevils accords with the warmer is better hypothesis. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb.195255. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.195255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ectotherms may respond to variable environmental conditions by altering their phenotypes. Phenotypic plasticity was initially thought to be beneficial to an organism's physiological fitness. Several alternative hypotheses, have, however, been proposed with growing empirical support. In this study, we test the full suite of hypotheses by investigating acclimation responses of locomotor performance for nine populations of five species of sub-Antarctic weevils, using static and fluctuating temperatures. Species showed typical locomotion thermal performance curves with temperature of the maximum speed (Topt) ranging between 22.3±1.7°C (mean±s.e.) and 31.1±0.7°C. For most species Topt was not affected by acclimation. For maximum speed (Umax), significant, positive effects of acclimation were found for all species except a supralittoral one. Individuals acclimated to 0°C showed much lower values than the other two acclimation treatments (15°C and fluctuating 0-15°C). Performance breadth (the index of the breadth of the curve, Tbr) typically showed little response to acclimation. None of the traits of the supralittoral species were affected by acclimation treatment. Responses to stable and fluctuating temperature treatments were similar. Our findings also revealed that the mean estimated activation energy 0.40±0.015 eV (mean±s.e.) was lower than for other herbivores, the category to which these weevils belong, suggesting that some form of compensation in the rate-temperature relationship may be evident. Thus, we typically found support for the warmer is better hypothesis for acclimation of locomotor performance, though some compensation is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Treasure
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Steven L. Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Mutamiswa R, Chidawanyika F, Nyamukondiwa C. Comparative assessment of the thermal tolerance of spotted stemborer, Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and its larval parasitoid, Cotesia sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 25:847-860. [PMID: 28374539 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Under stressful thermal environments, insects adjust their behavior and physiology to maintain key life-history activities and improve survival. For interacting species, mutual or antagonistic, thermal stress may affect the participants in differing ways, which may then affect the outcome of the ecological relationship. In agroecosystems, this may be the fate of relationships between insect pests and their antagonistic parasitoids under acute and chronic thermal variability. Against this background, we investigated the thermal tolerance of different developmental stages of Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and its larval parasitoid, Cotesia sesamiae Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) using both dynamic and static protocols. When exposed for 2 h to a static temperature, lower lethal temperatures ranged from -9 to 6 °C, -14 to -2 °C, and -1 to 4 °C while upper lethal temperatures ranged from 37 to 48 °C, 41 to 49 °C, and 36 to 39 °C for C. partellus eggs, larvae, and C. sesamiae adults, respectively. Faster heating rates improved critical thermal maxima (CTmax ) in C. partellus larvae and adult C. partellus and C. sesamiae. Lower cooling rates improved critical thermal minima (CTmin ) in C. partellus and C. sesamiae adults while compromising CTmin in C. partellus larvae. The mean supercooling points (SCPs) for C. partellus larvae, pupae, and adults were -11.82 ± 1.78, -10.43 ± 1.73 and -15.75 ± 2.47, respectively. Heat knock-down time (HKDT) and chill-coma recovery time (CCRT) varied significantly between C. partellus larvae and adults. Larvae had higher HKDT than adults, while the latter recovered significantly faster following chill-coma. Current results suggest developmental stage differences in C. partellus thermal tolerance (with respect to lethal temperatures and critical thermal limits) and a compromised temperature tolerance of parasitoid C. sesamiae relative to its host, suggesting potential asynchrony between host-parasitoid population phenology and consequently biocontrol efficacy under global change. These results have broad implications to biological pest management insect-natural enemy interactions under rapidly changing thermal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyard Mutamiswa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Frank Chidawanyika
- Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research, Weeds Division, Private Bag X6006, Hilton 3245, South Africa
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
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Bowler K. Heat death in poikilotherms: Is there a common cause? J Therm Biol 2018; 76:77-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Geographic variation and plasticity in climate stress resistance among southern African populations of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Sci Rep 2018; 8:9849. [PMID: 29959431 PMCID: PMC6026165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traits of thermal sensitivity or performance are typically the focus of species distribution modelling. Among-population trait variation, trait plasticity, population connectedness and the possible climatic covariation thereof are seldom accounted for. Here, we examine multiple climate stress resistance traits, and the plasticity thereof, for a globally invasive agricultural pest insect, the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). We also accounted for body size and population genetic connectivity among distinct populations from diverse bioclimatic regions across southern Africa. Desiccation resistance, starvation resistance, and critical thermal minimum (CTmin) and maximum (CTmax) of C. capitata varied between populations. For thermal tolerance traits, patterns of flexibility in response to thermal acclimation were suggestive of beneficial acclimation, but this was not the case for desiccation or starvation resistance. Population differences in measured traits were larger than those associated with acclimation, even though gene flow was high. Desiccation resistance was weakly but positively affected by growing degree-days. There was also a weak positive relationship between CTmin and temperature seasonality, but CTmax was weakly but negatively affected by the same bioclimatic variable. Our results suggest that the invasive potential of C. capitata may be supported by adaptation of tolerance traits to local bioclimatic conditions.
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Nyamukondiwa C, Chidawanyika F, Machekano H, Mutamiswa R, Sands B, Mgidiswa N, Wall R. Climate variability differentially impacts thermal fitness traits in three coprophagic beetle species. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198610. [PMID: 29874290 PMCID: PMC5991409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
While the impacts of extreme and rising mean temperatures are well documented, increased thermal variability associated with climate change may also threaten ectotherm fitness and survival, but remains poorly explored. Using three wild collected coprophagic species Copris elphenor, Metacatharsius opacus and Scarabaeus zambezianus, we explored the effects of thermal amplitude around the mean on thermal tolerance. Using standardized protocols, we measured traits of high- (critical thermal maxima [CTmax] and heat knockdown time [HKDT]) and -low temperature tolerance (critical thermal minima [CTmin], chill coma recovery time [CCRT] and supercooling points [SCPs]) following variable temperature pulses (δ0, δ3, δ6 and δ9°C) around the mean (27°C). Our results show that increased temperature variability may offset basal and plastic responses to temperature and differs across species and metrics tested. Furthermore, we also show differential effects of body mass, body water content (BWC) and body lipid content (BLC) on traits of thermal tolerance. For example, body mass significantly influenced C. elphenor and S. zambezianus CTmax and S. zambezianus HKDT but not CTmin and CCRT. BWC significantly affected M. opacus and C. elphenor CTmax and in only M. opacus HKDT, CTmin and CCRT. Similarly, BLC only had a significant effect for M opacus CTmin. These results suggest differential and species dependent effects of climate variability of thermal fitness traits. It is therefore likely that the ecological services provided by these species may be constrained in the face of climate change. This implies that, to develop more realistic predictions for the effects of climate change on insect biodiversity and ecosystem function, thermal variability is a significant determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
- * E-mail:
| | - Frank Chidawanyika
- Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Weeds Division, Hilton, South Africa
- School of Lifesciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Honest Machekano
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
| | - Reyard Mutamiswa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
| | - Bryony Sands
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Neludo Mgidiswa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
| | - Richard Wall
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
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Mutamiswa R, Chidawanyika F, Nyamukondiwa C. Thermal plasticity potentially mediates the interaction between host Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and endoparasitoid Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in rapidly changing environments. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1335-1345. [PMID: 29193807 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing climatic average temperatures and variability elicit various insect physiological responses that affect fitness and survival and may influence subsequent trophic interactions in agroecosystems. In this background, we investigated short- and long-term plastic responses to temperature of the laboratory-reared stemborer Chilo partellus and its larval endoparasitoid Cotesia flavipes. RESULTS Rapid cold- and heat-hardening effects in C. partellus larvae, pupae and adults and C. flavipes adults were highly significant (P < 0.001). High-temperature acclimation improved critical thermal limits and heat knockdown time in C. partellus larvae and C. flavipes adults, respectively. Low-temperature acclimation enhanced the supercooling point in C. flavipes and the chill coma recovery time in both C. partellus larvae and C. flavipes adults. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that thermal plasticity may enhance the survival of these two species when they are subjected to lethal low and high temperatures. However, C. partellus appeared to be more plastic than C. flavipes. These results have three major implications: (1) C. partellus may inhabit slightly warmer environments than C. flavipes, suggesting a potential mismatch in biogeography; (2) host-parasitoid relationships are complex and are probably trait dependent, and (3) host-parasitoid differential thermal plastic responses may offset biocontrol efficacy. These results may help inform biocontrol decision making under conditions of global change. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyard Mutamiswa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
| | - Frank Chidawanyika
- Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research, Weeds Division, Hilton, South Africa
- School of Lifesciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
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Mutamiswa R, Machekano H, Chidawanyika F, Nyamukondiwa C. Thermal resilience may shape population abundance of two sympatric congeneric Cotesia species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191840. [PMID: 29438408 PMCID: PMC5810992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal and plasticity of thermal tolerance determine abundance, biogeographical patterns and activity of insects over spatial and temporal scales. For coexisting stemborer parasitoids, offering synergistic impact for biological control, mismatches in thermal tolerance may influence their ultimate impact in biocontrol programs under climate variability. Using laboratory-reared congeneric parasitoid species Cotesia sesamiae Cameron and Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), we examined basal thermal tolerance to understand potential impact of climate variability on their survival and limits to activity. We measured upper- and lower -lethal temperatures (ULTs and LLTs), critical thermal limits [CTLs] (CTmin and CTmax), supercooling points (SCPs), chill-coma recovery time (CCRT) and heat knock-down time (HKDT) of adults. Results showed LLTs ranging -5 to 5°C and -15 to -1°C whilst ULTs ranged 35 to 42°C and 37 to 44°C for C. sesamiae and C. flavipes respectively. Cotesia flavipes had significantly higher heat tolerance (measured as CTmax), as well as cold tolerance (measured as CTmin) relative to C. sesamiae (P<0.0001). While SCPs did not vary significantly (P>0.05), C. flavipes recovered significantly faster following chill-coma and had higher HKDT compared to C. sesamiae. The results suggest marked differential basal thermal tolerance responses between the two congeners, with C. flavipes having an advantage at both temperature extremes. Thus, under predicted climate change, the two species may differ in phenologies and biogeography with consequences on their efficacy as biological control agents. These results may assist in predicting spatio-temporal activity patterns which can be used in integrated pest management programs under climate variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyard Mutamiswa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnological Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
| | - Honest Machekano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnological Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
| | - Frank Chidawanyika
- Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research, Weeds Division, Hilton, South Africa
- School of Lifesciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnological Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
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Kellermann V, van Heerwaarden B, Sgrò CM. How important is thermal history? Evidence for lasting effects of developmental temperature on upper thermal limits in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0447. [PMID: 28539515 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A common practice in thermal biology is to take individuals directly from the field and estimate a range of thermal traits. These estimates are then used in studies aiming to understand broad scale distributional patterns, understanding and predicting the evolution of phenotypic plasticity, and generating predictions for climate change risk. However, the use of field-caught individuals in such studies ignores the fact that many traits are phenotypically plastic and will be influenced by the thermal history of the focal individuals. The current study aims to determine the extent to which estimates of upper thermal limits (CTmax), a frequently used measure for climate change risk, are sensitive to developmental and adult acclimation temperatures and whether these two forms of plasticity are reversible. Examining a temperate and tropical population of Drosophila melanogaster we show that developmental acclimation has a larger and more lasting effect on CTmax than adult acclimation. We also find evidence for an interaction between developmental and adult acclimation, particularly when flies are acclimated for a longer period, and that these effects can be population specific. These results suggest that thermal history can have lasting effects on estimates of CTmax. In addition, we provide evidence that developmental and/or adult acclimation are unlikely to contribute to substantial shifts in CTmax and that acclimation capacity may be constrained at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kellermann
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | | | - Carla M Sgrò
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
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Basal resistance enhances warming tolerance of alien over indigenous species across latitude. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 115:145-150. [PMID: 29255020 PMCID: PMC5776815 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715598115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How climate change and biological invasions interact to affect biodiversity is of major concern to conservation. Quantitative evidence for the nature of climate change–invasion interactions is, however, limited. For the soil ecosystem fauna, such evidence is nonexistent. Yet across the globe, soil-dwelling animals regulate belowground functioning and have pronounced influences on aboveground dynamics. Using springtails as an exemplar taxon, widely known to have species-specific effects on below- and aboveground dynamics, we show that across a wide latitudinal span (16–54°S), alien species have greater ability to tolerate climate change-associated warming than do their indigenous counterparts. The consequences of such consistent differences are profound given globally significant invasions of soil systems by springtails. Soil systems are being increasingly exposed to the interactive effects of biological invasions and climate change, with rising temperatures expected to benefit alien over indigenous species. We assessed this expectation for an important soil-dwelling group, the springtails, by determining whether alien species show broader thermal tolerance limits and greater tolerance to climate warming than their indigenous counterparts. We found that, from the tropics to the sub-Antarctic, alien species have the broadest thermal tolerances and greatest tolerance to environmental warming. Both groups of species show little phenotypic plasticity or potential for evolutionary change in tolerance to high temperature. These trait differences between alien and indigenous species suggest that biological invasions will exacerbate the impacts of climate change on soil systems, with profound implications for terrestrial ecosystem functioning.
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Nilsson-Örtman V, Johansson F. The Rate of Seasonal Changes in Temperature Alters Acclimation of Performance under Climate Change. Am Nat 2017; 190:743-761. [PMID: 29166165 DOI: 10.1086/694412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
How the ability to acclimate will impact individual performance and ecological interactions under climate change remains poorly understood. Theory predicts that the benefit an organism can gain from acclimating depends on the rate at which temperatures change relative to the time it takes to induce beneficial acclimation. Here, we present a conceptual model showing how slower seasonal changes under climate change can alter species' relative performance when they differ in acclimation rate and magnitude. To test predictions from theory, we performed a microcosm experiment where we reared a mid- and a high-latitude damselfly species alone or together under the rapid seasonality currently experienced at 62°N and the slower seasonality predicted for this latitude under climate change and measured larval growth and survival. To separate acclimation effects from fixed thermal responses, we simulated growth trajectories based on species' growth rates at constant temperatures and quantified how much and how fast species needed to acclimate to match the observed growth trajectories. Consistent with our predictions, the results showed that the midlatitude species had a greater capacity for acclimation than the high-latitude species. Furthermore, since acclimation occurred at a slower rate than seasonal temperature changes, the midlatitude species had a small growth advantage over the high-latitude species under the current seasonality but a greater growth advantage under the slower seasonality predicted for this latitude under climate change. In addition, the two species did not differ in survival under the current seasonality, but the midlatitude species had higher survival under the predicted climate change scenario, possibly because rates of cannibalism were lower when smaller heterospecifics were present. These findings highlight the need to incorporate acclimation rates in ecological models.
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Gotcha N, Terblanche JS, Nyamukondiwa C. Plasticity and cross-tolerance to heterogeneous environments: divergent stress responses co-evolved in an African fruit fly. J Evol Biol 2017; 31:98-110. [PMID: 29080375 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastic adjustments of physiological tolerance to a particular stressor can result in fitness benefits for resistance that might manifest not only in that same environment but also be advantageous when faced with alternative environmental stressors, a phenomenon termed 'cross-tolerance'. The nature and magnitude of cross-tolerance responses can provide important insights into the underlying genetic architecture, potential constraints on or versatility of an organism's stress responses. In this study, we tested for cross-tolerance to a suite of abiotic factors that likely contribute to setting insect population dynamics and geographic range limits: heat, cold, desiccation and starvation resistance in adult Ceratitis rosa following acclimation to all these isolated individual conditions prior to stress assays. Traits of stress resistance scored included critical thermal (activity) limits, chill coma recovery time (CCRT), heat knockdown time (HKDT), desiccation and starvation resistance. In agreement with other studies, we found that acclimation to one stress typically increased resistance for that same stress experienced later in life. A more novel outcome, however, is that here we also found substantial evidence for cross-tolerance. For example, we found an improvement in heat tolerance (critical thermal maxima, CTmax ) following starvation or desiccation hardening and improved desiccation resistance following cold acclimation, indicating pronounced cross-tolerance to these environmental stressors for the traits examined. We also found that two different traits of the same stress resistance differed in their responsiveness to the same stress conditions (e.g. HKDT was less cross-resistant than CTmax ). The results of this study have two major implications that are of broader importance: (i) that these traits likely co-evolved to cope with diverse or simultaneous stressors, and (ii) that a set of common underlying physiological mechanisms might exist between apparently divergent stress responses in this species. This species may prove to be a valuable model for future work on the evolutionary and mechanistic basis of cross-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gotcha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
| | - J S Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - C Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
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39
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Mitchell KA, Boardman L, Clusella-Trullas S, Terblanche JS. Effects of nutrient and water restriction on thermal tolerance: A test of mechanisms and hypotheses. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 212:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Alemu T, Alemneh T, Pertoldi C, Ambelu A, Bahrndorff S. Costs and benefits of heat and cold hardening in a soil arthropod. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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41
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Uyi OO, Zachariades C, Marais E, Hill MP. Reduced mobility but high survival: thermal tolerance and locomotor response of the specialist herbivore, Pareuchaetes insulata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), to low temperatures. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 107:448-457. [PMID: 27974070 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485316001103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Disentangling the responses of insects to variations in their thermal environment is central to our understanding of the evolution of temperature-dependent performance in these species. Here, we report results of experiments examining the effects of high (upper lethal temperature = ULT) and low (lower lethal temperature = LLT) temperature and exposure time on the survival of larvae and adults of a multivoltine, nocturnal moth species, Pareuchaetes insulata, a biological control agent whose impact on an invasive weed, Chromolaena odorata has been variable in South Africa. The influence of temperature and acclimation on locomotion performance of the moth was also investigated. Temperature and duration of exposure significantly affected survival of both adults and larvae of P. insulata with more extreme temperatures and/or longer durations proving to be more lethal. Third instar larvae and adults are both freeze intolerant and had LT50 of -5.9 and -4.7°C, respectively, after a 2 h exposure. Although cold acclimation was beneficial to the nocturnal larvae, temperatures below 10°C significantly reduce their locomotion activities. The average daily minimum temperatures in the coldest months at three locations in South Africa are over 5°C lower than those of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA, where P. insulata was originally collected. Our results suggest that lethal high or low temperatures at short timescales are trivial in explaining the variable performance of P. insulata, but reduced locomotion at sub-lethal temperatures may be an important driver of the population dynamics of the biocontrol agent (especially in winter months) and may consequently explain the low population levels of the moth because of possible reduced feeding by larvae during night-time low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Uyi
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology,University of Benin,P.M.B. 1154, Benin City,Nigeria
| | - C Zachariades
- ARC - Plant Protection Research Institute,Private Bag X6006, Hilton 3245,South Africa
| | - E Marais
- Centre for Invasion Biology,Stellenbosch University,Private Bag X01, Matieland 7602,South Africa
| | - M P Hill
- Department of Zoology and Entomology,Rhodes University,P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140,South Africa
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42
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Haupt TM, Sinclair BJ, Chown SL. Thermal preference and performance in a sub-Antarctic caterpillar: A test of the coadaptation hypothesis and its alternatives. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 98:108-116. [PMID: 28034677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Physiological ecologists have long assumed that thermoregulatory behaviour will evolve to optimise physiological performance. The coadaptation hypothesis predicts that an animal's preferred body temperature will correspond to the temperature at which its performance is optimal. Here we use a strong inference approach to examine the relationship between thermal preference and locomotor performance in the caterpillars of a wingless sub-Antarctic moth, Pringleophaga marioni Viette (Tineidae). The coadaptation hypothesis and its alternatives (suboptimal is optimal, thermodynamic effect, trait variation) are tested. Compared to the optimal movement temperature (22.5°C for field-fresh caterpillars and 25, 20, 22.5, 25 and 20°C following seven day acclimations to 0, 5, 10, 15 and 5-15°C respectively), caterpillar thermal preference was significantly lower (9.2°C for field-fresh individuals and 9.4, 8.8, 8.1, 5.2 and 4.6°C following acclimation to 0, 5, 10, 15 and 5-15°C, respectively). Together with the low degree of asymmetry observed in the performance curves, and the finding that acclimation to high temperatures did not result in maximal performance, all, but one of the above hypotheses (i.e. 'trait variation') was rejected. The thermal preference of P. marioni caterpillars more closely resembles temperatures at which survival is high (5-10°C), or where feeding is optimal (10°C), than where locomotion speed is maximal, suggesting that thermal preference may be optimised for overall fitness rather than for a given trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya M Haupt
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Brent J Sinclair
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Chidawanyika F, Nyamukondiwa C, Strathie L, Fischer K. Effects of Thermal Regimes, Starvation and Age on Heat Tolerance of the Parthenium Beetle Zygogramma bicolorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) following Dynamic and Static Protocols. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169371. [PMID: 28052099 PMCID: PMC5215736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature and resource availability are key elements known to limit the occurrence and survival of arthropods in the wild. In the current era of climate change, critical thermal limits and the factors affecting these may be of particular importance. We therefore investigated the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) of adult Zygogramma bicolorata beetles, a biological control agent for the invasive plant Parthenium hysterophorus, in relation to thermal acclimation, hardening, age, and food availability using static (constant) and dynamic (ramping) protocols. Increasing temperatures and exposure times reduced heat survival. In general, older age and lack of food reduced heat tolerance, suggesting an important impact of resource availability. Acclimation at constant temperatures did not affect CTmax, while fluctuating thermal conditions resulted in a substantial increase. Hardening at 33°C and 35°C improved heat survival in fed young and mid-aged but only partly in old beetles, while CTmax remained unaffected by hardening throughout. These findings stress the importance of methodology when assessing heat tolerance. Temperature data recorded in the field revealed that upper thermal limits are at least occasionally reached in nature. Our results therefore suggest that the occurrence of heat waves may influence the performance and survival of Z. bicolorata, potentially impacting on its field establishment and effectiveness as a biological control agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Chidawanyika
- Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Weeds Division, Hilton, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnological Sciences, College of Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Palapye, Botswana
| | - Lorraine Strathie
- Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Weeds Division, Hilton, South Africa
| | - Klaus Fischer
- Zoological Institute & Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Allen JL, Chown SL, Janion-Scheepers C, Clusella-Trullas S. Interactions between rates of temperature change and acclimation affect latitudinal patterns of warming tolerance. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 4:cow053. [PMID: 27933165 PMCID: PMC5142048 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Critical thermal limits form an increasing component of the estimation of impacts of global change on ectotherms. Whether any consistent patterns exist in the interactive effects of rates of temperature change (or experimental ramping rates) and acclimation on critical thermal limits and warming tolerance (one way of assessing sensitivity to climate change) is, however, far from clear. Here, we examine the interacting effects of ramping rate and acclimation on the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) and minima (CTmin) and warming tolerance of six species of springtails from sub-tropical, temperate and polar regions. We also provide microhabitat temperatures from 26 sites spanning 5 years in order to benchmark environmentally relevant rates of temperature change. Ramping rate has larger effects than acclimation on CTmax, but the converse is true for CTmin. Responses to rate and acclimation effects are more consistent among species for CTmax than for CTmin. In the latter case, interactions among ramping rate and acclimation are typical of polar species, less marked for temperate ones, and reduced in species from the sub-tropics. Ramping rate and acclimation have substantial effects on estimates of warming tolerance, with the former being more marked. At the fastest ramping rates (>1.0°C/min), tropical species have estimated warming tolerances similar to their temperate counterparts, whereas at slow ramping rates (<0.4°C/min) the warming tolerance is much reduced in tropical species. Rates of temperate change in microhabitats relevant to the springtails are typically <0.05°C/min, with rare maxima of 0.3-0.5°C/min depending on the site. These findings emphasize the need to consider the environmental setting and experimental conditions when assessing species' vulnerability to climate change using a warming tolerance approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Allen
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology,
Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800,
Australia
| | | | - Susana Clusella-Trullas
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology,
Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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45
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Schou MF, Mouridsen MB, Sørensen JG, Loeschcke V. Linear reaction norms of thermal limits in
Drosophila
: predictable plasticity in cold but not in heat tolerance. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mads Fristrup Schou
- Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Ny Munkegade 116 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | | | | | - Volker Loeschcke
- Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Ny Munkegade 116 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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46
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Pujol-Lereis LM, Fagali NS, Rabossi A, Catalá Á, Quesada-Allué LA. Chill-coma recovery time, age and sex determine lipid profiles in Ceratitis capitata tissues. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 87:53-62. [PMID: 26868723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The remodeling of membrane composition by changes in phospholipid head groups and fatty acids (FA) degree of unsaturation has been associated with the maintenance of membrane homeostasis under stress conditions. Overall lipid levels and the composition of cuticle lipids also influence insect stress resistance and tissue protection. In a previous study, we demonstrated differences in survival, behavior and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene expression between subgroups of Ceratitis capitata flies that had a reversible recovery from chill-coma and those that developed chilling-injury. Here, we analyzed lipid profiles from comparable subgroups of 15 and 30-day-old flies separated according to their recovery time after a chill-coma treatment. Neutral and polar lipid classes of chill-coma subgroups were separated by thin layer chromatography and quantified by densitometry. FA composition of polar lipids of chill-coma subgroups and non-stressed flies was evaluated using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Higher amounts of neutral lipids such as triglycerides, diacylglycerol, wax esters, sterol esters and free esters were found in male flies that recovered faster from chill-coma compared to slower flies. A multivariate analysis revealed changes in patterns of storage and cuticle lipids among subgroups both in males and females. FA unsaturation increased after cold exposure, and was higher in thorax of slower subgroups compared to faster subgroups. The changes in neutral lipid patterns and FA composition depended on recovery time, sex, age and body-part, and were not specifically associated with the development of chilling-injury. An analysis of phospholipid classes showed that the phosphatidylcholine to lysophosphatidylcholine ratio (PC/LPC) was significantly higher, or showed a tendency, in subgroups that may have developed chilling-injury compared to those with a reversible recovery from coma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mercedes Pujol-Lereis
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Fundación Instituto Leloir. Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Natalia Soledad Fagali
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CCT La Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Alejandro Rabossi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Fundación Instituto Leloir. Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ángel Catalá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CCT La Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Luis Alberto Quesada-Allué
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Fundación Instituto Leloir. Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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47
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Weldon CW, Boardman L, Marlin D, Terblanche JS. Physiological mechanisms of dehydration tolerance contribute to the invasion potential of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) relative to its less widely distributed congeners. Front Zool 2016; 13:15. [PMID: 27034703 PMCID: PMC4815119 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-016-0147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a highly invasive species now with an almost cosmopolitan distribution. Two other damaging, polyphagous and closely-related species, the marula fruit fly, Ceratitis cosyra (Walker), and the Natal fly, Ceratitis rosa Karsch, are not established outside of sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, adult water balance traits and nutritional body composition were measured in all three species at different temperatures and levels of relative humidity to determine whether tolerance of water stress may partially explain their distribution. Results Adult C. capitata exhibited higher desiccation resistance than C. rosa but not C. cosyra. Desiccation resistance of C. capitata was associated with lower rates of water loss under hot and dry conditions, higher dehydration tolerance, and higher lipid reserves that were catabolised during water stress. In comparison with C. capitata, C. cosyra and C. rosa lost water at significantly higher rates under hot, dry conditions, and did not catabolise lipids or other sources of metabolic water during water stress. Conclusions These results suggest that adult physiological traits permitting higher tolerance of water stress play a role in the success of C. capitata, particularly relative to C. rosa. The distribution of C. cosyra is likely determined by the interaction of temperature with water stress, as well as the availability of suitable hosts for larval development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12983-016-0147-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Weldon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - Leigh Boardman
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa ; Present address: Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, PO Box 110620, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620 USA
| | - Danica Marlin
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa ; Present address: School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, 2000 South Africa
| | - John S Terblanche
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
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48
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Range expansion and increasing impact of the introduced wasp Aphidius matricariae Haliday on sub-Antarctic Marion Island. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-0967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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49
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Slotsbo S, Schou MF, Kristensen TN, Loeschcke V, Sørensen JG. Reversibility of developmental heat and cold plasticity is asymmetric and has long lasting consequences for adult thermal tolerance. J Exp Biol 2016; 219:2726-32. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.143750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of insects to cope with stressful temperatures through adaptive plasticity has allowed them to thrive under a wide range of thermal conditions. Developmental plasticity is generally considered as non-reversible phenotypic changes, e.g. in morphological traits, while adult acclimation responses are often considered to be reversible physiological responses. However, physiologically mediated thermal acclimation might not follow this general prediction. We investigated the magnitude and rate of reversibility of developmental thermal plasticity responses in heat and cold tolerance of adult flies, using a full factorial design with two developmental and two adult temperatures (15°C and 25°C). We show that cold tolerance attained during development is readily adjusted to the prevailing conditions during adult acclimation with a symmetric rate of decrease or increase. In contrast, heat tolerance is only partly reversible during acclimation and thus constrained by the temperature during development. The effect of adult acclimation on heat tolerance was asymmetrical, with a general loss of heat tolerance with age. Surprisingly, the decline in adult heat tolerance at 25°C was decelerated in flies developed at low temperatures. This result was supported by correlated responses in two senescence associated traits and in accordance with a lower rate of ageing after low temperature development, suggesting that physiological age is not reset at eclosion. The results have profound ecological consequences for populations, as optimal developmental temperatures will be dependent on the thermal conditions faced in the adult stage and the age at which they occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Slotsbo
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads F. Schou
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torsten N. Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Volker Loeschcke
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper G. Sørensen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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50
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Hill MP, Malan AP, Terblanche JS. Divergent thermal specialisation of two South African entomopathogenic nematodes. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1023. [PMID: 26157609 PMCID: PMC4493674 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal physiology of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) is a critical aspect of field performance and fitness. Thermal limits for survival and activity, and the ability of these limits to adjust (i.e., show phenotypic flexibility) depending on recent thermal history, are generally poorly established, especially for non-model nematode species. Here we report the acute thermal limits for survival, and the thermal acclimation-related plasticity thereof for two key endemic South African EPN species, Steinernema yirgalemense and Heterorhabditis zealandica. Results including LT50 indicate S. yirgalemense (LT50 = 40.8 ± 0.3 °C) has greater high temperature tolerance than H. zealandica (LT50 = 36.7 ± 0.2 °C), but S. yirgalemense (LT50 = -2.4 ± 0 °C) has poorer low temperature tolerance in comparison to H. zealandica (LT50 = -9.7 ± 0.3 °C), suggesting these two EPN species occupy divergent thermal niches to one another. Acclimation had both negative and positive effects on temperature stress survival of both species, although the overall variation meant that many of these effects were non-significant. There was no indication of a consistent loss of plasticity with improved basal thermal tolerance for either species at upper lethal temperatures. At lower temperatures measured for H. zealandica, the 5 °C acclimation lowered survival until below -12.5 °C, where after it increased survival. Such results indicate that the thermal niche breadth of EPN species can differ significantly depending on recent thermal conditions, and should be characterized across a broad range of species to understand the evolution of thermal limits to performance and survival in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Hill
- Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Antoinette P. Malan
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - John S. Terblanche
- Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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