1
|
Akrokoh J, Bediako JO, Fafanyo K, Musah-Yussif H, Asubonteng AK, Adjei HO, Ofori AGA, Skov PV, Obirikorang KA. Relatedness of hypoxia and hyperthermia tolerances in the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and their relationships with cardiac and gill traits. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 294:111648. [PMID: 38643961 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
In fish, thermal and hypoxia tolerances may be functionally related, as suggested by the oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) concept, which explains performance failure at high temperatures due to limitations in oxygen delivery. In this study the interrelatedness of hyperthermia and hypoxia tolerances in the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and their links to cardiorespiratory traits were examined. Different groups of O. niloticus (n = 51) were subjected to hypoxia and hyperthermia challenges and the O2 tension for aquatic surface respiration (ASR pO2) and critical thermal maximum (CTmax) were assessed as measurement endpoints. Gill filament length, total filament number, ventricle mass, length and width were also measured. Tolerance to hypoxia, as evidenced by ASR pO2 thresholds of the individual fish, was highly variable and varied between 0.26 and 3.39 kPa. ASR events increased more profoundly as O2 tensions decreased below 2 kPa. The CTmax values recorded for the O. niloticus individuals ranged from 43.1 to 44.8 °C (Mean: 44.2 ± 0.4 °C). Remarkably, there was a highly significant correlation between ASR pO2 and CTmax in O. niloticus (r = -0.76, p < 0.0001) with ASR pO2 increasing linearly with decreasing CTmax. There were, however, no discernible relationships between the measured cardiorespiratory properties and hypoxia or hyperthermia tolerances. The strong relationship between hypoxia and hyperthermia tolerances in this study may be related to the ability of the cardiorespiratory system to provide oxygen to respiring tissues under thermal stress, and thus provides some support for the OCLTT concept in this species, at least at the level of the entire organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesslyn Akrokoh
- Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. https://twitter.com/@missakrokoh
| | - Jedida Osei Bediako
- Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kelvin Fafanyo
- Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Harriya Musah-Yussif
- Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Audrey Korsah Asubonteng
- Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Henry Owusu Adjei
- Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Peter Vilhelm Skov
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Aqua, Section for Aquaculture, The North Sea Research Centre, DK-9850 Hirtshals, Denmark
| | - Kwasi Adu Obirikorang
- Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lechner ER, Stewart EMC, Frasca VR, Jeffries KM, Wilson CC, Raby GD. Thermal stressors during embryo incubation have limited ontogenic carryover effects in brook trout. J Therm Biol 2024; 122:103880. [PMID: 38850621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Winter climate is changing rapidly in northern latitudes, and these temperature events have effects on salmonid thermal biology. Stressors during winter egg incubation could reduce hatching success and physiological performance of fall-spawning fishes. Here we quantified the potential for ontogenic carryover effects from embryonic thermal stress in multiple wild and hatchery-origin populations of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), a temperate ectotherm native to northeastern North America. Fertilized eggs from four populations were incubated over the winter in the laboratory in four differing thermal regimes: ambient stream-fed water, chronic warming (+2 °C), ambient with a mid-winter cold-shock, and short-term warming late during embryogenesis (to stimulate an early spring). We examined body size and upper thermal tolerance at the embryonic, fry (10 weeks post-hatch and 27-30 weeks post-hatch) and gravid adult (age 2+) life stages (overall N = 1482). In a separate experiment, we exposed developing embryos to acute seven-day heat stress events immediately following fertilization and at the eyed-egg stage, and then assessed upper thermal tolerance (CTmax) 37 weeks post-hatch. In all cases, fish were raised in common garden conditions after hatch (i.e., same temperatures). Our thermal treatments during incubation had effects that varied by life stage, with incubation temperature and life stage both affecting body size and thermal tolerance. Embryos incubated in warmer treatment groups had higher thermal tolerance; there was no effect of the mid-winter melt event on embryo CTmax. Ten weeks after hatch, fry from the ambient and cold-shock treatment groups had higher and less variable thermal tolerance than did the warmer treatment groups. At 27-30 post-hatch and beyond, differences in thermal tolerance among treatment groups were negligible. Collectively, our study suggests that brook trout only exhibit short-term carryover effects from thermal stressors during embryo incubation, with no lasting effects on phenotype beyond the first few months after hatch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Lechner
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 1Z8, Canada.
| | - Erin M C Stewart
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 1Z8, Canada
| | - Vince R Frasca
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Aquatic Research and Monitoring Section, Codrington Fisheries Research Facility, Codrington, Ontario, K0K 1R0, Canada
| | - Ken M Jeffries
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Chris C Wilson
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Aquatic Research and Monitoring Section, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Graham D Raby
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 1Z8, Canada; Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L IZ8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nelson JA, Thorarensen HT. Thermal tolerance of cultured and wild Icelandic arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) at self-selected flow rates. J Therm Biol 2024; 121:103863. [PMID: 38723312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to change not only the temperature of many freshwater systems but also flow dynamics. Understanding how fishes will fare in the future requires knowing how they will respond to both extended variations of temperature and flow. Arctic charr have had their thermal tolerance measured, but never with respect to flow. Additionally, this circumpolar species has multiple populations exhibiting dramatic phenotypic plasticity which may mean that regional differences in thermal tolerance are unaccounted for. In Iceland, Arctic charr populations have experienced highly variable flow and temperature conditions over the past 10,000 years. The Icelandic climate, topography and geothermal activity have created a mosaic of freshwater habitats inhabited by charr that vary substantially in both temperature and flow. Our purpose was to test whether populations from these varied environments had altered thermal tolerance and whether phenotypic plasticity of thermal tolerance in charr depends on flow. We raised cultured Icelandic charr from hatch under a 2 X 2 matrix of flow and temperature and compared them to wild charr captured from matching flow and temperature environments. Wild fish were more thermally tolerant than cultured fish at both acclimation temperatures and were more thermally plastic. Icelandic Arctic charr were more thermally tolerant than comparison charr populations across Europe and North America, but only when acclimated to 13 °C; fish acclimated to 5 °C compared equably with comparison charr populations. Icelandic Arctic charr were also more thermally plastic than all but one other salmonine species. Neither flow of rearing or the flow selected during a thermal tolerance (CTmax) test factored into thermal tolerance. Thermal tolerance was also independent of body size, condition factor, heart and gill size. In summary, wild Icelandic Arctic charr have greater thermal tolerance and plasticity than predicted from the literature and their latitude, but artificial selection for properties like growth rate or fecundity may be breeding that increased tolerance out of cultured fish. As the world moves toward a warmer climate and increased dependence on cultured fish, this is a noteworthy result and merits further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay A Nelson
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University College, 551, Sauðárkrókur, Iceland.
| | - Helgi Thor Thorarensen
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University College, 551, Sauðárkrókur, Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lechner ER, Stewart EMC, Wilson CC, Raby GD. CT max in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) embryos shows an acclimation response to developmental temperatures but is more variable than in later life stages. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:901-905. [PMID: 37984381 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Critical thermal maximum (CTmax ) is widely used to measure upper thermal tolerance in fish but is rarely examined in embryos. Upper thermal limits generally depend on an individual's thermal history, which molds plasticity. We examined how thermal acclimation affects thermal tolerance of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) embryos using a novel method to assess CTmax in embryos incubated under three thermal regimes. Warm acclimation was associated with an increase in embryonic upper thermal tolerance. However, CTmax variability was markedly higher than is typical for juvenile or adult salmonids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Lechner
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin M C Stewart
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris C Wilson
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Aquatic Research and Monitoring Section, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham D Raby
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Weber TA, Dichiera AM, Brauner CJ. Resetting thermal limits: 10-year-old white sturgeon display pronounced but reversible thermal plasticity. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103807. [PMID: 38340465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
While many ectotherms improve thermal tolerance in response to prolonged thermal stress, little is known about the lasting effects of warm acclimation after returning to cooler temperatures. Furthermore, thermal stress may disproportionately impact threatened and endangered species. To address this, we repeatedly measured critical thermal maxima (CTmax; °C) and associated stress responses (hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, plasma cortisol) of endangered subadult white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) in response to control temperature (pre-acclimation; 14°C), after 1 month at either control or warm temperature (acclimation; 14°C or 20°C), and after one smonth following return to control temperature (post-acclimation; 14°C). While control fish demonstrated fairly repeatable thermal tolerance (interclass correlation coefficient = 0.479), warm-acclimated fish experienced a ∼3.1°C increase in thermal tolerance and when re-acclimated to control temperature, decreased thermal tolerance ∼1.9°C. Hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and final splenic somatic index (spleen mass relative to whole body mass, collected after post-acclimation CTmax) were not significantly different between control and treatment fish, suggesting no effects of warm acclimation on aerobic capacity. Plasma cortisol was significantly higher in control fish after pre-acclimation and post-acclimation CTmax trials, but importantly, acclimation temperature did not affect this response. Strikingly, final hepatosomatic index (relative liver size) was 45% lower in treatment fish, indicating warm acclimation may have lasting effects on energy usage and metabolism, even after reacclimating to control temperature. To our knowledge, these 10-year-old subadult sturgeon are the oldest sturgeon experimentally tested with regards to thermal plasticity and demonstrate incredible capacity for thermal acclimation relative to other fishes. However, more research is needed to determine whether the ability to acclimate to warm temperature may come with a persistent cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A Weber
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angelina M Dichiera
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, USA.
| | - Colin J Brauner
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mbande A, Mutamiswa R, Chidawanyika F. Ontogenetic responses of physiological fitness in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in response to repeated cold exposure. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 113:449-455. [PMID: 37587795 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
In this era of global climate change, intrinsic rapid and evolutionary responses of invasive agricultural pests to thermal variability are of concern given the potential implications on their biogeography and dire consequences on human food security. For insects, chill coma recovery time (CCRT) and critical thermal minima (CTmin), the point at which neuromuscular coordination is lost following cold exposure, remain good indices for cold tolerance. Using laboratory-reared Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), we explored cold tolerance repeated exposure across life stages of this invasive insect pest. Specifically, we measured their CTmin and CCRT across four consecutive assays, each 24 h apart. In addition, we assessed body water content (BWC) and body lipid content (BLC) of the life stages. Our results showed that CTmin improved with repeated exposure in 5th instar larvae, virgin males and females while CCRT improved in 4th, 5th and 6th instar larvae following repeated cold exposure. In addition, the results revealed evidence of cold hardening in this invasive insect pest. However, there was no correlation between cold tolerance and BWC as well as BLC. Our results show capacity for cold hardening and population persistence of S. frugiperda in cooler environments. This suggests potential of fall armyworm (FAW) to withstand considerable harsh winter environments typical of its recently invaded geographic range in sub-Saharan Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abongile Mbande
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Reyard Mutamiswa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Tugwi-Mukosi Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Frank Chidawanyika
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lagarde H, Lallias D, Patrice P, Dehaullon A, Prchal M, François Y, D'Ambrosio J, Segret E, Acin-Perez A, Cachelou F, Haffray P, Dupont-Nivet M, Phocas F. Genetic architecture of acute hyperthermia resistance in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and genetic correlations with production traits. Genet Sel Evol 2023; 55:39. [PMID: 37308823 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-023-00811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective breeding is a promising solution to reduce the vulnerability of fish farms to heat waves, which are predicted to increase in intensity and frequency. However, limited information about the genetic architecture of acute hyperthermia resistance in fish is available. Two batches of sibs from a rainbow trout commercial line were produced: the first (N = 1382) was phenotyped for acute hyperthermia resistance at nine months of age and the second (N = 1506) was phenotyped for main production traits (growth, body length, muscle fat content and carcass yield) at 20 months of age. Fish were genotyped on a 57 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and their genotypes were imputed to high-density based on the parent's genotypes from a 665 K SNP array. RESULTS The heritability estimate of resistance to acute hyperthermia was 0.29 ± 0.05, confirming the potential of selective breeding for this trait. Since genetic correlations of acute hyperthermia resistance with the main production traits near harvest age were all close to zero, selecting for acute hyperthermia resistance should not impact the main production traits, and vice-versa. A genome-wide association study revealed that resistance to acute hyperthermia is a highly polygenic trait, with six quantitative trait loci (QTL) detected, but explaining less than 5% of the genetic variance. Two of these QTL, including the most significant one, may explain differences in acute hyperthermia resistance across INRAE isogenic lines of rainbow trout. Differences in mean acute hyperthermia resistance phenotypes between homozygotes at the most significant SNP was 69% of the phenotypic standard deviation, showing promising potential for marker-assisted selection. We identified 89 candidate genes within the QTL regions, among which the most convincing functional candidates are dnajc7, hsp70b, nkiras2, cdk12, phb, fkbp10, ddx5, cygb1, enpp7, pdhx and acly. CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable insight into the genetic architecture of acute hyperthermia resistance in juvenile rainbow trout. We show that the selection potential for this trait is substantial and selection for this trait should not be too detrimental to improvement of other traits of interest. Identified functional candidate genes provide new knowledge on the physiological mechanisms involved in acute hyperthermia resistance, such as protein chaperoning, oxidative stress response, homeostasis maintenance and cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henri Lagarde
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Delphine Lallias
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pierre Patrice
- SYSAAF, French Poultry, Aquaculture and Insect Breeders Association, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Audrey Dehaullon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Martin Prchal
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Yoannah François
- SYSAAF, French Poultry, Aquaculture and Insect Breeders Association, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Jonathan D'Ambrosio
- SYSAAF, French Poultry, Aquaculture and Insect Breeders Association, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Emilien Segret
- Viviers de Sarrance, Pisciculture Labedan, 64490, Sarrance, France
| | - Ana Acin-Perez
- Viviers de Sarrance, Pisciculture Labedan, 64490, Sarrance, France
| | | | - Pierrick Haffray
- SYSAAF, French Poultry, Aquaculture and Insect Breeders Association, 35042, Rennes, France
| | | | - Florence Phocas
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Desforges JE, Birnie-Gauvin K, Jutfelt F, Gilmour KM, Eliason EJ, Dressler TL, McKenzie DJ, Bates AE, Lawrence MJ, Fangue N, Cooke SJ. The ecological relevance of critical thermal maxima methodology for fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:1000-1016. [PMID: 36880500 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Critical thermal maxima methodology (CTM) has been used to infer acute upper thermal tolerance in fishes since the 1950s, yet its ecological relevance remains debated. In this study, the authors synthesize evidence to identify methodological concerns and common misconceptions that have limited the interpretation of critical thermal maximum (CTmax ; value for an individual fish during one trial) in ecological and evolutionary studies of fishes. They identified limitations of, and opportunities for, using CTmax as a metric in experiments, focusing on rates of thermal ramping, acclimation regimes, thermal safety margins, methodological endpoints, links to performance traits and repeatability. Care must be taken when interpreting CTM in ecological contexts, because the protocol was originally designed for ecotoxicological research with standardized methods to facilitate comparisons within study individuals, across species and contexts. CTM can, however, be used in ecological contexts to predict impacts of environmental warming, but only if parameters influencing thermal limits, such as acclimation temperature or rate of thermal ramping, are taken into account. Applications can include mitigating the effects of climate change, informing infrastructure planning or modelling species distribution, adaptation and/or performance in response to climate-related temperature change. The authors' synthesis points to several key directions for future research that will further aid the application and interpretation of CTM data in ecological contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Desforges
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim Birnie-Gauvin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Jutfelt
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Erika J Eliason
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Terra L Dressler
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | | | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael J Lawrence
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nann Fangue
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Penney CM, Tabh JK, Wilson CC, Burness G. Within- and transgenerational plasticity of a temperate salmonid in response to thermal acclimation and acute temperature stress. Physiol Biochem Zool 2022; 95:484-499. [DOI: 10.1086/721478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
10
|
McTernan MR, Sears MW. Repeatability of Voluntary Thermal Maximum and Covariance with Water Loss Reveal Potential for Adaptation to Changing Climates. Physiol Biochem Zool 2022; 95:113-121. [PMID: 34986078 DOI: 10.1086/717938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough climate warming poses a grave threat to amphibians, little is known about the capacity of this group to evolve in response to warming. The capacity of key traits to evolve depends on the presence of genetic variation on which selection can act. Here, we use repeatability estimates to estimate the potential upper bounds of heritable genetic variation in voluntary and critical thermal maxima of gray-cheeked salamanders (Plethodon metcalfi). Increases in thermal tolerance may also require concordant increases in resistance to water loss because hotter temperatures incur greater evaporative risk. Therefore, we also tested for a correlation between voluntary thermal maxima and resistance to water loss and conducted an acclimation study to test for covariation between these traits in response to warming. Voluntary thermal maxima exhibited low to moderate levels of repeatability (R=0.32, P=0.045), while critical thermal maxima exhibited no statistically significant repeatability (R=0.10, P=0.57). Voluntary thermal maxima also correlated positively with resistance to water loss (R=0.31, P=0.025) but only when controlling for body mass. Voluntary thermal maxima and resistance to water loss also exhibited different acclimatory responses across control (12°C-18°C) and warm (18°C-24°C) temperature regimes, indicating a potential decoupling of traits in different thermal environments. By addressing the repeatability of thermal tolerance and the potential for covariation with resistance to water loss, we begin to address some of the key requirements of amphibians to evolve in warming climates.
Collapse
|
11
|
O'Neill E, Davis HE, MacMillan HA. A lack of repeatability creates the illusion of a trade-off between basal and plastic cold tolerance. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20212121. [PMID: 34875191 PMCID: PMC8651406 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermotolerance-plasticity trade-off hypothesis predicts that ectotherms with greater basal thermal tolerance have a lower acclimation capacity. This hypothesis has been tested at both high and low temperatures but the results often conflict. If basal tolerance constrains plasticity (e.g. through shared mechanisms that create physiological constraints), it should be evident at the level of the individual, provided the trait measured is repeatable. Here, we used chill-coma onset temperature and chill-coma recovery time (CCO and CCRT; non-lethal thermal limits) to quantify cold tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster across two trials (pre- and post-acclimation). Cold acclimation improved cold tolerance, as expected, but individual measurements of CCO and CCRT in non-acclimated flies were not (or only slightly) repeatable. Surprisingly, however, there was still a strong correlation between basal tolerance and plasticity in cold-acclimated flies. We argue that this relationship is a statistical artefact (specifically, a manifestation of regression to the mean; RTM) and does not reflect a true trade-off or physiological constraint. Thermal tolerance trade-off patterns in previous studies that used similar methodology are thus likely to be impacted by RTM. Moving forward, controlling and/or correcting for RTM effects is critical to determining whether such a trade-off or physiological constraint exists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica O'Neill
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Hannah E. Davis
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thermal tolerance of cyprinids along an urban-rural gradient: Plasticity, repeatability and effects of swimming and temperature shock. J Therm Biol 2021; 100:103047. [PMID: 34503794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Urbanization changes the thermal profile of streams in much the same way that climate change is predicted to with higher temperatures, more varied flow and rapid temperature pulses with precipitation events. Whether exceptional tolerance to these altered thermal conditions is a pre-requisite for a fish species to inhabit urban streams or if urbanization has changed the thermal physiology of those fish species that persist in urban streams is unknown, but could help predict the outcome of future climate disruption. To test whether residence in urban streams is associated with altered thermal tolerance, we compared thermal tolerance (CTMax) and phenotypic plasticity of thermal tolerance (ΔCTMax/Δ acclimation temperature) in five populations of an urban-tolerant cyprinid, the blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus), from multiple watersheds along an urban/rural gradient. Thermal tolerance of these stream fish was tested while swimming at 10 cm*s-1 but also in static water and after thermal shocks of 4°-6 °C simulating precipitation events. To test whether blacknose dace as a species has unusual thermal tolerance or thermal plasticity, we also compared two blacknose dace populations with two co-resident, co-familiars (creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) and rosyside dace (Clinostomus funduloides), that don't persist in urban streams at three different acclimation temperatures. Thermal tolerance of blacknose dace, as measured by a critical thermal maximum test (CTMax), was independent of size and activity level, i.e. individuals had identical thermal tolerance whether swimming or resting and CTMax was significantly repeatable across two levels of activity. Although there was some variance among populations, blacknose dace from streams of varied urbanization generally exhibited comparable thermal tolerances, ability to acclimate to different temperatures and were unaffected by thermal shocks. Rosyside dace had significantly lower thermal tolerance than the other two species but plasticity of thermal tolerance was uniform across the three cyprinid species. Our conclusions are that exceptional thermal tolerance or ability to thermally acclimate are not pre-requisite characters for a given cyprinid species to survive in urban streams, nor has thermal tolerance undergone directional selection in this urban environment.
Collapse
|
13
|
Auer SK, Agreda E, Chen AH, Irshad M, Solowey J. Late-stage pregnancy reduces upper thermal tolerance in a live-bearing fish. J Therm Biol 2021; 99:103022. [PMID: 34420649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Upper thermal limits are considered a key determinant of a population's ability to persist in the face of extreme heat events. However, these limits differ considerably among individuals within a population, and the mechanisms underlying this differential sensitivity are not well understood. Upper thermal tolerance in aquatic ectotherms is thought to be determined by a mismatch between oxygen supply and the increased metabolic demands associated with warmer waters. As such, tolerance is expected to decline during reproduction given the heightened oxygen demand for gamete production and maintenance. Among live-bearing species, upper thermal tolerance of reproductive adults may decline even further after fertilization due to the cost of meeting the increasing oxygen demands of developing embryos. We examined the upper thermal tolerance of live-bearing female Trinidadian guppies at different stages of reproduction and found that critical thermal maximum was similar during the egg yolking and early embryos stage but then declined by almost 0.5 °C during late pregnancy when oxygen demands are the greatest. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that oxygen limitation sets thermal limits and show that reproduction is associated with a decline in upper thermal tolerance.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kärcher O, Flörke M, Markovic D. Different life stage, different risks: Thermal performance across the life cycle of Salmo trutta and Salmo salar in the face of climate change. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:8941-8956. [PMID: 34257937 PMCID: PMC8258189 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Extending assessments of climate change-induced range shifts via correlative species distribution models by including species traits is crucial for conservation planning. However, comprehensive assessments of future distribution scenarios incorporating responses of biotic factors are poorly investigated. Therefore, the aim of our study was to extend the understanding about the combined usage of species traits data and species distribution models for different life stages and distribution scenarios. We combine global model predictions for the 2050s and thermal performances of Salmo trutta and Salmo salar under consideration of different life stages (adults, juveniles, eggs), timeframes (monthly, seasonally, yearly), and dispersal scenarios (no dispersal, free dispersal, restricted dispersal). We demonstrate that thermal performances of different life stages will either increase or decrease for certain time periods. Model predictions and thermal performances imply range declines and poleward shifts. Dispersal to suitable habitats will be an important factor mitigating warming effects; however, dams may block paths to areas linked to high performances. Our results emphasize enhanced inclusion of critical periods for species and proper dispersal solutions in conservation planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Kärcher
- Faculty of Business Management and Social SciencesOsnabrück University of Applied SciencesOsnabrückGermany
| | - Martina Flörke
- Center for Environmental Systems ResearchUniversity of KasselKasselGermany
- Institute of Hydrological Engineering and Water ManagementRuhr‐Universität BochumBochumGermany
| | - Danijela Markovic
- Faculty of Business Management and Social SciencesOsnabrück University of Applied SciencesOsnabrückGermany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Desforges JE, Birnie-Gauvin K, Aarestrup K, Cooke SJ. Upper Thermal Tolerance Indicated by CT max Fails to Predict Migration Strategy and Timing, Growth, and Predation Vulnerability in Juvenile Brown Trout ( Salmo trutta). Physiol Biochem Zool 2021; 94:215-227. [PMID: 33974516 DOI: 10.1086/714636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPartial migration is common in a variety of taxa and has important ecological and evolutionary implications, yet the underlying factors that lead to different migratory strategies are not clearly understood. Given the importance of temperature in serving as a cue for migration, along with its role in regulating metabolism, growth, reproduction, and survival, we examined how intraspecific variation in critical thermal maximum (CTmax) values influenced migratory strategy (residency vs. migration), timing of migration, growth, and predation vulnerability in a wild population of partially anadromous juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta). Using passive integrated transponder telemetry and mark-recapture techniques, we identified individuals that out-migrated to sea, assumed residency, and were predated by cormorants several months later. Acute thermal stress induced by conducting CTmax trials did not affect the final fate of assayed fish compared with controls. We found that mass and body condition predicted CTmax and migration timing, but CTmax failed to predict migratory strategy or timing, growth (of resident fish), or predation vulnerability. Although there may be links between mass, thermal tolerance, and migration strategy, the relationship between CTmax and migration remains unclear. The role of upper thermal tolerance in influencing life-history strategies should not be neglected, however, as alternative indicators of thermal tolerance could be further explored. The high degree of variation in CTmax estimates warrants additional investigation of how increasingly prevalent high-temperature events might drive selection toward thermally tolerant extremes, which is particularly relevant in a rapidly warming world.
Collapse
|
16
|
Grinder RM, Bassar RD, Auer SK. Upper thermal limits are repeatable in Trinidadian guppies. J Therm Biol 2020; 90:102597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|