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Sánchez CA, De Vries E, Gil F, Niño ME. Prediction model for lower limb amputation in hospitalized diabetic foot patients using classification and regression trees. Foot Ankle Surg 2024; 30:471-479. [PMID: 38575484 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decision to perform amputation of a limb in a patient with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is not an easy task. Prediction models aim to help the surgeon in decision making scenarios. Currently there are no prediction model to determine lower limb amputation during the first 30 days of hospitalization for patients with DFU. METHODS Classification And Regression Tree analysis was applied on data from a retrospective cohort of patients hospitalized for the management of diabetic foot ulcer, using an existing database from two Orthopaedics and Traumatology departments. The secondary analysis identified independent variables that can predict lower limb amputation (mayor or minor) during the first 30 days of hospitalization. RESULTS Of the 573 patients in the database, 290 feet underwent a lower limb amputation during the first 30 days of hospitalization. Six different models were developed using a loss matrix to evaluate the error of not detecting false negatives. The selected tree produced 13 terminal nodes and after the pruning process, only one division remained in the optimal tree (Sensitivity: 69%, Specificity: 75%, Area Under the Curve: 0.76, Complexity Parameter: 0.01, Error: 0.85). Among the studied variables, the Wagner classification with a cut-off grade of 3 exceeded others in its predicting capacity. CONCLUSIONS Wagner classification was the variable with the best capacity for predicting amputation within 30 days. Infectious state and vascular occlusion described indirectly by this classification reflects the importance of taking quick decisions in those patients with a higher compromise of these two conditions. Finally, an external validation of the model is still required. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Sánchez
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - E De Vries
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - F Gil
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M E Niño
- Foot and ankle surgery, Clínica del Country and Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia
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Sánchez CA, Galeano A, Jaramillo D, Pupo G, Reyes C. Risk factors for 30-day hospital readmission in patients with diabetic foot. Foot Ankle Surg 2024:S1268-7731(24)00145-0. [PMID: 38969561 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic foot (DF) is part of the natural history of diabetes mellitus, ulceration being a severe complication with a prevalence of approximately 6.3 %, which confers a significant economic burden. Hospital readmission in the first thirty (30) days is considered a measure of quality of healthcare and it's been identified that the most preventable causes are the ones that occur in this period. This study seeks to identify the risk factors associated with readmission of patients with DF. METHODS A case-control study was done by performing a secondary analysis of a database. Descriptive statistics were used for all variables of interest, bivariate analysis to identify statistically significant variables, and a logistic regression model for multivariate analysis. RESULTS 575 cases were analyzed (113 cases, 462 controls). A 20 % incidence rate of 30-day readmission was identified. Statistically significant differences were found in relation to the institution of attention (Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana: OR 1.9, p value < 0.01, 95 % CI 1.2-3.0; Hospital Universitario San Ignacio: OR 0.5, p value < 0.01, 95 % CI 0.3-0.8) and the reasons for readmission before 30 days, especially due to surgical site infection (SSI) (OR 7.1, p value < 0.01, 95 % CI 4.1-12.4), sepsis (OR 8.4, p value 0.02, 95 % CI 1.2-94.0), dehiscence in amputation stump (OR 16.4, p value < 0.01, 95 % CI 4.2-93.1) and decompensation of other pathologies (OR 3.5, p value < 0.01, 95 % CI 2.1-5.7). CONCLUSION The hospital readmission rate before 30 days for our population compares to current literature. Our results were consistent with exacerbation of chronic pathologies, but other relevant variables not mentioned in other studies were the hospital in which patients were taken care of, the presence of SSI, sepsis, and dehiscence of the amputation stump. We consider thoughtful and close screening of patients at risk in an outpatient setting might identify possible readmissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Sánchez
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital de la Samaritana, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - A Galeano
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - D Jaramillo
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - G Pupo
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital de la Samaritana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - C Reyes
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Foot & Ankle Surgery. Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
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Tumusiime J, Valderrama Bhraunxs N, Kagoro-Rugunda G, Namirembe D, Albrecht C, Twongyirwe R, Tolo CU, Jacobs L, Huyse T. Citizens can help to map putative transmission sites for snail-borne diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012062. [PMID: 38574112 PMCID: PMC11020946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schistosomiasis and fasciolosis are snail-borne diseases of great medical and veterinary health importance. The World Health Organization recommends complementing drug treatment with snail control and community involvement for disease elimination, but there is a general lack of snail experts and hence snail distribution data. Therefore, we adopted a citizen science approach and involved citizens in the monitoring of medically and veterinary important snail taxa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Snail data was collected weekly by 25 trained citizen scientists (CSs) at 76 sites around southern Lake Albert (Uganda) for 20 months. At each site, snails were searched for 30 minutes, sorted, target snail hosts identified to genus level, counted and data submitted through a smartphone application. The quality of this data was assessed by comparing it to monthly data collected by an 'expert' malacologist using the same sampling protocol. Generalised binomial logistic and linear mixed-effects models were used to analyse the variables for agreement between the CSs and expert. FINDINGS The binary agreement in presence/absence of Biomphalaria, Bulinus and Radix snails reported by the expert and CSs ranged between 70% and 86% (900 reports) with an average of 17% false negatives (sites wrongly defined as snail-free). The agreement for Biomphalaria and Radix increased with snail abundance, and false negatives decreased when the number of snails collected by citizens was aggregated per month. Site type significantly predicted binary agreement, which was lowest at lake sites (55%) and highest at spring sites (99%) with variations across genera. Similar temporal trends in snail abundance were recorded despite the expert reporting higher abundance. However, the relative abundance was consistent across site types. The match between the sites with highest Biomphalaria spp. abundance identified by CSs and expert was consistently high (~84.1%) and increased over time. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Our results demonstrate the potential of citizen science to map putative schistosomiasis transmission sites. We therefore argue that this inclusive, powerful and cost-effective approach can be more sustainable than top-down monitoring and intervention campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Tumusiime
- Department of Biology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Institute of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Noelia Valderrama Bhraunxs
- Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Grace Kagoro-Rugunda
- Department of Biology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Daisy Namirembe
- Department of Biology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Christian Albrecht
- Department of Biology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Institute of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ronald Twongyirwe
- Department of Environment and Livelihoods Support Systems, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Casim Umba Tolo
- Department of Biology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Liesbet Jacobs
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tine Huyse
- Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
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Monteiro-Soares M, Hamilton EJ, Russell DA, Srisawasdi G, Boyko EJ, Mills JL, Jeffcoate W, Game F. Classification of foot ulcers in people with diabetes: A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3645. [PMID: 37132179 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classification and scoring systems can help both clinical management and audit the outcomes of routine care. AIM This study aimed to assess published systems used to characterise ulcers in people with diabetes to determine which should be recommended to (a) aid communication between health professionals, (b) predict clinical outcome of individual ulcers, (c) characterise people with infection and/or peripheral arterial disease, and (d) audit to compare outcomes in different populations. This systematic review is part of the process of developing the 2023 guidelines to classify foot ulcers from the International Working Group on Diabetic Foot. METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for articles published up to December 2021 which evaluated the association, accuracy or reliability of systems used to classify ulcers in people with diabetes. Published classifications had to have been validated in populations of >80% of people with diabetes and a foot ulcer. RESULTS We found 28 systems addressed in 149 studies. Overall, the certainty of the evidence for each classification was low or very low, with 19 (68%) of the classifications being assessed by ≤ 3 studies. The most frequently validated system was the one from Meggitt-Wagner, but the articles validating this system focused mainly on the association between the different grades and amputation. Clinical outcomes were not standardized but included ulcer-free survival, ulcer healing, hospitalisation, limb amputation, mortality, and cost. CONCLUSION Despite the limitations, this systematic review provided sufficient evidence to support recommendations on the use of six particular systems in specific clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Monteiro-Soares
- Portuguese Red Cross School of Health - Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- MEDCIDS - Departamento de Medicina da Comunidade Informação e Decisão em Saúde, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- RISE@CINTESIS, Faculty of Medicine Oporto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Emma J Hamilton
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- University of Western Australia, Medical School, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David A Russell
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Vascular Institute, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Gulapar Srisawasdi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sirindhorn School of Prosthetics Orthotics, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Edward J Boyko
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joseph L Mills
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Fran Game
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
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Ha Van G, Schuldiner S, Sultan A, Bouillet B, Martini J, Vouillarmet J, Menai M, Foucher A, Bourron O, Hartemann A, Perrier A. Use of the SINBAD score as a predicting tool for major adverse foot events in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A French multicentre study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3705. [PMID: 37525456 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between the site, ischaemia, neuropathy, bacterial infection, area, depth (SINBAD) score and major adverse foot events in patients with diabetes and foot ulcers. METHODS For this retrospective ancillary study, patients (n = 537) followed for a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in six French hospitals were included between 1 February 2019 and 17 March 2019, and between 1 February 2020 and 17 March 2020. The SINBAD score was assessed at inclusion. The frequency of a composite outcome consisting of eight major adverse foot events (MAFE) was assessed after 5-6 months of follow-up: hospitalisation for DFU, septic surgery, revascularisation, minor amputation, major amputation, death, secondary infection and ulcer recurrence. A logistical regression explored the link between the SINBAD score and MAFE and each of its component. RESULTS A low SINBAD score (from 0 to 3) was observed in 61% of patients and a high (from 4 to 6) in 39%. MAFE occurred in, respectively, 24% and 28% of these patients. Multivariate analyses showed a significant relationship between the SINBAD score and MAFE, with the continuous SINBAD score: odds ratio (OR) 1.72 [95% CI (1.51-1.97)] or dichotomic SINBAD score (values: 0-3 and 4-6): OR 3.71 [95% CI (2.54-5.42)]. The SINBAD score (continuous or dichotomic) at inclusion was also significantly associated with six out of the eight components of the MAFE. CONCLUSIONS The SINBAD score is a useful tool for predicting major adverse foot events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Ha Van
- Diabetes Department, APHP, Hospital Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France
| | | | - Ariane Sultan
- Nutrition-Diabetes Department, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Bouillet
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Department, University Hospital Center, Dijon, France
- INSERM, Dijon, France
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Jacques Martini
- Endocrinology Department, University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Medhi Menai
- IHU ICAN, Foundation for Innovation in Cardio Metabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Foucher
- IHU ICAN, Foundation for Innovation in Cardio Metabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Bourron
- Diabetes Department, Sorbonne University, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Agnes Hartemann
- Diabetes Department, Sorbonne University, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Perrier
- Diabetes Department, APHP, Hospital Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France
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Brocklehurst JD. The Validity and Reliability of the SINBAD Classification System for Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Adv Skin Wound Care 2023; 36:1-5. [PMID: 37861669 DOI: 10.1097/asw.0000000000000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a serious and costly complication of diabetes mellitus with a global prevalence of 6.3% and cost of £8,800 per unhealed DFU in the National Health Service. The three main types of DFU are neuropathic, ischemic, and neuroischemic, with an estimated prevalence of 35%, 15%, and 50%, respectively. Because 85% of lower-limb amputations in patients with diabetes are preceded by a DFU, the task of reducing the current and future burden of DFUs on an international level is of crucial importance. Classification of a DFU is an important and complex process with many independent variables that influence the wound severity. Correct classification of a DFU is important to prevent deterioration in the short term and lower-limb amputation in the long term. Both the accuracy of the clinician's interpretation of categorical data from a classification model and grasp of contextual risk factors can refine diagnoses. The term SINBAD is an acronym for six independent variables: site, ischemia, neuropathy, bacterial infection, area, and depth. This system uses comprehensive parameters with strict criteria to facilitate quick and accurate clinical decisions to prevent lower-limb amputation. In addition to providing quantitative measurement, SINBAD also spotlights the multifaceted characteristics of DFUs. By evaluating the validity and reliability of the SINBAD classification system, its applicability for the assessment of DFUs and prevention of lower-limb amputation can be better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Brocklehurst
- Jonathan D. Brocklehurst, BSc, is Lecturer and Podiatrist, The SMAE Institute, Maidenhead, Berkshire, UK. The author has disclosed no financial relationships related to this article. Submitted September 21, 2022; accepted in revised form December 9, 2022
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Raspovic KM, Johnson MJ, Wukich DK. A Stepwise Approach to Nonoperative and Operative Management of the Diabetic Foot Ulceration. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2022; 33:833-844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Limb Salvage in Severe Diabetic Foot Infection. Foot Ankle Clin 2022; 27:655-670. [PMID: 36096557 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcl.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Severe diabetic foot infections (DFI) are both limb threatening and life threatening and associated with negative impact on health-related quality of life. Most severe DFIs require surgical intervention, and the goal of treatment should be preservation of limb function in addition to eradication of infection. Minor amputations are required in approximately 40% and major amputations in approximately 20% of patients. Significant risk factors for lower extremity amputation included male gender, smoking, previous amputation, osteomyelitis, peripheral artery disease, retinopathy, severe infections, gangrene, neuroischemic diabetic foot infections, leukocytosis, positive wound cultures, and isolation of gram-negative bacteria.
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Yang JY, Chen CC, Chang SC, Yeh JT, Huang HF, Lin HC, Lin SH, Lin YH, Wei LG, Liu TJ, Hung SY, Yang HM, Chang HH, Wang CH, Tzeng YS, Huang CH, Chou CY, Lin YS, Yang SY, Chen HM, Lin JT, Cheng YF, Young GH, Huang CF, Kuo YC, Dai NT. ENERGI-F703 gel, as a new topical treatment for diabetic foot and leg ulcers: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, phase II trial. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 51:101497. [PMID: 35844773 PMCID: PMC9284381 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot and leg ulcers are a major cause of disability among patients with diabetes mellitus. A topical gel called ENERGI-F703, applied twice daily and with adenine as its active pharmaceutical ingredient, accelerated wound healing in diabetic mice. The current study evaluated the safety and efficacy of ENERGI-F703 for patients with diabetic foot and leg ulcers. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, multicenter, phase II trial recruited patients from eight medical centers in Taiwan. Patients with intractable diabetic foot and leg ulcers (Wagner Grade 1-3 without active osteomyelitis) were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive topical ENERGI-F703 gel or vehicle gel twice daily for 12 weeks or until complete ulcer closure. The investigator, enrolled patients and site personnel were masked to treatment allocation. Intention to treat (ITT) population and safety population were patient to primary analyses and safety analyses, respectively. Primary outcome was complete ulcer closure rate at the end of treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02672436. FINDINGS Starting from March 15th, 2017 to December 26th, 2019, 141 patients were enrolled as safety population and randomized into ENERGI-F703 gel (n = 95) group or vehicle gel (n = 46) group. In ITT population, ENERGI-F703 (n = 90) and vehicle group showed ulcer closure rates of 36.7% (95% CI = 26.75% - 47.49%) and 26.2% (95% CI = 13.86% - 42.04%) with difference of 9.74 % (95 % CI = -6.74% - 26.23%) and 25% quartiles of the time to complete ulcer closure of 69 days and 84 days, respectively. There were 25 (26.3%) patients in ENERGI-F703 group and 11 (23.9%) patients in vehicle group experiencing serious adverse events and five deaths occurred during the study period, none of them related to the treatment. INTERPRETATION Our study suggests that ENERGI-F703 gel is a safe and well-tolerated treatment for chronic diabetic foot and leg ulcers. Further studies are needed to corroborate our findings in light of limitations. FUNDING Energenesis Biomedical Co., Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yung Yang
- Division of General Plastic Surgery, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cha-Chun Chen
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Shin Kong Memorial Wu Ho-Su Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Cheng Chang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Ting Yeh
- Division of Trauma Plastic Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fu Huang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwang-Chi Lin
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Shin Kong Memorial Wu Ho-Su Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hsi Lin
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Shin Kong Memorial Wu Ho-Su Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsien Lin
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Shin Kong Memorial Wu Ho-Su Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Gwei Wei
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tom J. Liu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yuan Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Mei Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsiu Chang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Wang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Sheng Tzeng
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Huei Huang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Chou
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Sheng Lin
- Division of Plastic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Yang
- Division of General Plastic Surgery, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ya-Chun Kuo
- Energenesis Biomedical Co. Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Niann-Tzyy Dai
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Correspondence author at: No.325, Sec.2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan.
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Rosinha P, Saraiva M, Ferreira L, Garrido S, Carvalho A, Freitas C, Amaral C, Costa L, Loureiro L, Carvalho R. A Retrospective Cohort Study on Diabetic Foot Disease: Ascertainment of Ulcer Locations by Age Group. Cureus 2022; 14:e28189. [PMID: 36158367 PMCID: PMC9491625 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Diabetic foot ulcer location is a known independent predictor for cure with a better healing gradient proximal to distal. Although advanced age is one of the main factors associated with greater diabetic foot ulcer severity, there are no studies evaluating diabetic foot ulcer location specifically in the elderly population in an outpatient setting. This study evaluated diabetic foot ulcer location and age-group interactions in diabetic foot presentation. Methods A retrospective cohort study including adult patients with diabetic foot ulcers observed on their first visit to our center's Diabetic Foot Unit in 2018, divided into younger adults (YA) (18 to 64 years) and older adults (OA) (≥65 years). Results A total of 435 patients were included in the study with 159 (36.6%) in the YA, and 276 (63.4%) in the OA group. Neuro-ischemic diabetic foot ulcers were more frequent in the OA group (71.4% vs 43.4%, p<0.001). The number of patients with a history of diabetic foot ulcers was lower in the OA group (18.1% vs 25.2%, p=0.03). A smaller proportion of forefoot diabetic foot ulcers (74.9% vs 86.2%, p=0.007) and plantar location diabetic foot ulcers (9.4% vs 24.5%, p<0.001) occurred in the OA group. By univariate logistic regression analysis, we found two associations with older age: proximal (odds ratio (OR) 2.09 (1.23-3.53), p=0.006), and non-plantar (OR 3.13 (1.82-5.37), p<0.001) diabetic foot ulcer location. After adjusting for potential confounders in a multivariate analysis, older age lost the association to more proximal (OR 1.72 (0.94-3.15), p=0.081) and non-plantar (OR 1.78 (0.83-3.77), p=0.133) diabetic foot ulcer location. Conclusions There are essential age differences in diabetic foot ulcer presentation. The OA group more frequently presents neuro-ischemic diabetic foot ulcers with more proximal and non-plantar locations.
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Abbas ZG, Lutale JK, Formosa C, Gatt A, Chockalingam N. The Charcot Foot: An Emerging Public Health Problem for African Diabetes Patients. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2021:15347346211066684. [PMID: 34881679 DOI: 10.1177/15347346211066684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although the awareness, diagnosis, management of the complications associated with diabetes have improved in African countries over the past decade, surveillance activities in Tanzania and anecdotal reports from other African countries have suggested an increased prevalence of Charcot Neuroarthropathy (CN) over the past few years. Aim: To characterize the epidemiology and the clinical burden of CN in a large diabetes population in Tanzania, and to evaluate outcomes of persons with the condition. Methods: This was a prospective analytic cohort study conducted between January 2013 through December 2015. Following informed consent, patients were followed at the outpatient clinic. Detailed clinical assessments and documented presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), macrovascular disease and microvascular disease were recorded. Education and counseling were part of the follow-up program. Results: 3271 ulcerations were presented at the clinic during the 3-year study period. 571 (18%) met the case definition for CN; all patients had Type 2 diabetes. The prevalence for each of the years 2013, 2014, and 2015 was 19/1192 (1.6%), 209/1044 (20%), and 343/1035 (34%), respectively; the increases in the slope of the trendline was statistically significant (P < .001). Conclusion: The prevalence of CN is increasing in the Tanzanian diabetes patient population, and is strongly associated with neuropathy. CN can lead to severe deformity, disability, and amputation. Due to the risk of limb amputation, patients with diabetes must seek immediate care if signs or symptoms appear and avoid delay in seeking medical attention. Early diagnosis of CN by caregivers is extremely important for successful outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqarali G Abbas
- 92976Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Abbas Medical Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - J K Lutale
- 92976Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - C Formosa
- 37563University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- 7703Staffordshire University, Stoke on Trent, UK
| | - A Gatt
- 37563University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- 7703Staffordshire University, Stoke on Trent, UK
| | - N Chockalingam
- 37563University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- 7703Staffordshire University, Stoke on Trent, UK
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Amini MR, Aalaa M, Nasli-Esfahani E, Atlasi R, Sanjari M, Namazi N. The effects of dietary/herbal supplements and the serum levels of micronutrients on the healing of diabetic foot ulcers in animal and human models: a systematic review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:973-988. [PMID: 34178870 PMCID: PMC8212333 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) is one of the common and serious complications in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) worldwide. Given the considerable tendency of patients suffering from DFU to use the complementary therapies, the objectives of this study were to: (i) summarize the effects of dietary and herbal supplements on DFU characteristics and metabolic parameters in both animal models and clinical trials, and (ii) evaluate any links between the serum levels of micronutrients and DFU in observational studies. METHODS A systematic search in five electronic databases including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library was conducted to find relevant English language published from 1990 until 31 December 2018. RESULTS Of a total of 8603 studies, 30 eligible papers including animal studies (n = 15), clinical trials (n = 7), and observational works (n = 8) were included in the systematic review. We found that some dietary/herbal supplements and micronutrients had positive effects on the wound healing. However, limited evidence is existed. Also, lower serum levels of vitamin D, C, vitamin E, and selenium in patients with DFU were likely to increase the risk of DFU, leading to impaired wound healing. CONCLUSION Findings suggested that some dietary and herbal supplements such as Vitamin D, Magnesium, Vitamin E, Probiotic, Zinc, and Pycnogenol would be effective on wound healing of DFUs. However, further high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials and prospective cohort studies are needed to clarify the roles of micronutrients and other dietary and herbal supplements on the progress and treatment of DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Amini
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Aalaa
- Evidence Based Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Educational Research in Medical Sciences (CERMS), Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasha Atlasi
- Evidence Based Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Sanjari
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazli Namazi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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