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Maurits JSF, Sedelaar JPM, Aben KKH, Kampman E, Kiemeney LALM, Vrieling A. Cohort profile - the Renal cell cancer: Lifestyle, prognosis and quality of life (ReLife) study in the Netherlands. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066909. [PMID: 36972960 PMCID: PMC10069500 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Renal cell cancer: Lifestyle, prognosis and quality of life (ReLife) study is set up to obtain insight into the association of patient and tumour characteristics, lifestyle habits and circulating biomarkers with body composition features in patients with localised renal cell cancer (RCC). Further, it aims to assess the association of body composition features, lifestyle habits and circulating biomarkers with clinical outcomes, including health-related quality of life. PARTICIPANTS The ReLife study is a multicentre prospective cohort study involving 368 patients with newly diagnosed stages I-III RCC recruited from January 2018 to June 2021 from 18 hospitals in the Netherlands. At 3 months, 1 year and 2 years after treatment, participants fill out a general questionnaire and questionnaires about their lifestyle habits (eg, diet, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption), medical history and health-related quality of life. At all three time points, patients wear an accelerometer and have blood samples taken. CT scans for body composition analysis are being collected. Permission is asked for collection of tumour samples. Information about disease characteristics, treatment of the primary tumour and clinical outcomes is being collected from medical records by the Netherlands Cancer Registry. FINDINGS TO DATE A total of 836 invited patients were eligible and 368 patients were willing to participate and were included (response rate 44%). The mean age of patients was 62.5±9.0 years and 70% was male. The majority had stage I (65%) disease and were treated with radical nephrectomy (57%). Data collection at 3 months and 1 years after treatment have been finalised. FUTURE PLANS Data collection at 2 years after treatment is expected to be finalised in June 2023 and longitudinal clinical data will continue to be collected. Results of studies based on this cohort are important to develop personalised evidence-based lifestyle advice for patients with localised RCC to enable them to get more control over their disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake S F Maurits
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Univerity Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J P Michiel Sedelaar
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja K H Aben
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Univerity Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Univerity Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alina Vrieling
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Univerity Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Ma Y, Jian Z, Xiang L, Jin X. Higher genetically predicted low‐density lipoprotein levels increase the renal cancer risk independent of triglycerides and high‐density lipoprotein levels: a Mendelian randomization study. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:518-525. [PMID: 35429337 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Ma
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyu Jian
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Xiang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
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Renal Cell Cancer and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063404. [PMID: 35328822 PMCID: PMC8951303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality. There are many risk factors for tumours, including advanced age, personal or family history of cancer, some types of viral infections, exposure to radiation and some chemicals, smoking and alcohol consumption, as well as obesity. Increasing evidence suggest the role of obesity in the initiation and progression of various cancers, including renal cell carcinoma. Since tumours require energy for their uncontrollable growth, it appears plausible that their initiation and development is associated with the dysregulation of cells metabolism. Thus, any state characterised by an intake of excessive energy and nutrients may favour the development of various cancers. There are many factors that promote the development of renal cell carcinoma, including hypoxia, inflammation, insulin resistance, excessive adipose tissue and adipokines and others. There are also many obesity-related alterations in genes expression, including DNA methylation, single nucleotide polymorphisms, histone modification and miRNAs that can promote renal carcinogenesis. This review focuses on the impact of obesity on the risk of renal cancers development, their aggressiveness and patients’ survival.
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Body Mass Index in Patients Treated with Cabozantinib for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: A New Prognostic Factor? Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11010138. [PMID: 33477676 PMCID: PMC7831923 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the clinical and pathological features of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients treated with cabozantinib stratified by body mass index (BMI). We retrospectively collected data from 16 worldwide centers involved in the treatment of RCC. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves. Cox proportional models were used at univariate and multivariate analyses. We collected data from 224 patients with advanced RCC receiving cabozantinib as second- (113, 5%) or third-line (111, 5%) therapy. The median PFS was significantly higher in patients with BMI ≥ 25 (9.9 vs. 7.6 months, p < 0.001). The median OS was higher in the BMI ≥ 25 subgroup (30.7 vs. 11.0 months, p = 0.003). As third-line therapy, both median PFS (9.2 months vs. 3.9 months, p = 0.029) and OS (39.4 months vs. 11.5 months, p = 0.039) were longer in patients with BMI ≥ 25. BMI was a significant predictor for both PFS and OS at multivariate analysis. We showed that a BMI ≥ 25 correlates with longer survival in patients receiving cabozantinib. BMI can be easily assessed and should be included in current prognostic criteria for advanced RCC.
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Olea-Flores M, Juárez-Cruz JC, Zuñiga-Eulogio MD, Acosta E, García-Rodríguez E, Zacapala-Gomez AE, Mendoza-Catalán MA, Ortiz-Ortiz J, Ortuño-Pineda C, Navarro-Tito N. New Actors Driving the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer: The Role of Leptin. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1676. [PMID: 33334030 PMCID: PMC7765557 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone secreted mainly by adipocytes; physiologically, it participates in the control of appetite and energy expenditure. However, it has also been linked to tumor progression in different epithelial cancers. In this review, we describe the effect of leptin on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in different study models, including in vitro, in vivo, and patient studies and in various types of cancer, including breast, prostate, lung, and ovarian cancer. The different studies report that leptin promotes the expression of mesenchymal markers and a decrease in epithelial markers, in addition to promoting EMT-related processes such as cell migration and invasion and poor prognosis in patients with cancer. Finally, we report that leptin has the greatest biological relevance in EMT and tumor progression in breast, lung, prostate, esophageal, and ovarian cancer. This relationship could be due to the key role played by the enriched tumor microenvironment in adipose tissue. Together, these findings demonstrate that leptin is a key biomolecule that drives EMT and metastasis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Olea-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (M.O.-F.); (J.C.J.-C.); (M.D.Z.-E.); (E.A.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Juan C. Juárez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (M.O.-F.); (J.C.J.-C.); (M.D.Z.-E.); (E.A.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Miriam D. Zuñiga-Eulogio
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (M.O.-F.); (J.C.J.-C.); (M.D.Z.-E.); (E.A.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Erika Acosta
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (M.O.-F.); (J.C.J.-C.); (M.D.Z.-E.); (E.A.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Eduardo García-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (M.O.-F.); (J.C.J.-C.); (M.D.Z.-E.); (E.A.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Ana E. Zacapala-Gomez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (A.E.Z.-G.); (M.A.M.-C.); (J.O.-O.)
| | - Miguel A. Mendoza-Catalán
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (A.E.Z.-G.); (M.A.M.-C.); (J.O.-O.)
| | - Julio Ortiz-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (A.E.Z.-G.); (M.A.M.-C.); (J.O.-O.)
| | - Carlos Ortuño-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Ácidos Nucleicos y Proteinas, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico;
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (M.O.-F.); (J.C.J.-C.); (M.D.Z.-E.); (E.A.); (E.G.-R.)
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Rysz J, Franczyk B, Ławiński J, Olszewski R, Gluba-Brzózka A. The Role of Metabolic Factors in Renal Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197246. [PMID: 33008076 PMCID: PMC7582927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of evidence indicates that metabolic factors may play an important role in the development and progression of certain types of cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This tumour is the most common kidney cancer which accounts for approximately 3–5% of malignant tumours in adults. Numerous studies indicated that concomitant diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension, as well as obesity, insulin resistance, and lipid disorders, may also influence the prognosis and cancer-specific overall survival. However, the results of studies concerning the impact of metabolic factors on RCC are controversial. It appears that obesity increases the risk of RCC development; however, it may be a favourable factor in terms of prognosis. Obesity is closely related to insulin resistance and the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2T) since the adipocytes in visceral tissue secrete substances responsible for insulin resistance, e.g., free fatty acids. Interactions between insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system appear to be of key importance in the development and progression of RCC; however, the exact role of insulin and IGFs in RCC pathophysiology remains elusive. Studies indicated that diabetes increased the risk of RCC, but it might not alter cancer-related survival. The risk associated with a lipid profile is most mysterious, as numerous studies provided conflicting results. Even though large studies unravelling pathomechanisms involved in cancer growth are required to finally establish the impact of metabolic factors on the development, progression, and prognosis of renal cancers, it seems that the monitoring of health conditions, such as diabetes, low body mass index (BMI), and lipid disorders is of high importance in clear-cell RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Janusz Ławiński
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Robert Olszewski
- Department of Gerontology, Public Health and Education, National Institute of Geriatrics Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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A Study on the Immunohistochemical Expressions of Leptin and Leptin Receptor in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3682086. [PMID: 32802842 PMCID: PMC7424391 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3682086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The mechanisms that link obesity and cancer development are not well-defined. Investigation of leptin and leptin receptor expressions may help define some of the mechanisms. These proteins are known for associating with the immune response, angiogenesis and, signalling pathways such as JAK2/STAT3, PI3K, and AKT pathways. Tissue proteins can be easily detected with immunohistochemistry (IHC), a technique widely used both in diagnostic and research laboratories. The identification of altered levels of leptin and leptin receptor proteins in tumour tissues may lead to targeted treatment for cancer. Objective The objective of this study was to use IHC to compare leptin and leptin receptor expressions in clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) in non-obese and obese patients to determine the association between these proteins with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of ccRCC. Patients and Methods. The study involved 60 patients who underwent nephrectomy of which 34 were obese, as assessed using body mass index (BMI). Nephrectomy samples provided tissues of ccRCC and adjacent non-cancerous kidney. The intensity and localization of leptin and leptin receptor protein expressions were evaluated using IHC and correlated with clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes. Aperio ImageScope morphometry and digital pathology were applied to assess the IHC results. The chi-square test was used to determine if there was any significant association between the proteins and the clinicopathological features. The Kaplan-Meier test was used to determine the overall survival, disease-free survival, and recurrence-free survival. A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results There was neither significant difference in the overall cellular and nuclear expressions of leptin and leptin receptor between non-cancerous kidney and ccRCC tissues nor in non-obese and obese individuals with ccRCC. Conclusion In this present study, it was revealed that leptin and leptin receptor were not associated with tumour characteristics and progression of ccRCC patients. Interestingly, nuclear expression of leptin was significantly associated with overall survival. However, the significance of these proteins as biomarkers in other RCC histotypes is still unclear.
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Kamel HFM, Nassir AM, Al Refai AA. Assessment of expression levels of leptin and leptin receptor as potential biomarkers for risk of prostate cancer development and aggressiveness. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5687-5696. [PMID: 32573960 PMCID: PMC7402836 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. Despite the growing evidence associating obesity and adipokines, particularly leptin and its receptors, with cancer development and progression, it is still a debatable matter in PCa. Objectives We aimed to assess the role of leptin and its receptors as potential biomarkers for the risk of PCa development and aggressiveness. Methods In this study, 176 men were included and categorized according to an established histopathological diagnosis into three age‐ and BMI‐matched groups. The PCa group included 56 patients while the BPH group and the control group comprised 60 men each. Serum levels of total PSA (tPSA) were assessed by ELISA and mRNA expression levels of leptin and leptin receptors were assessed by RT‐PCR. Results Leptin and leptin receptor mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in PCa patients relative to BPH and to healthy control men. Both were overexpressed in PCa patients with aggressive and distantly metastasizing tumors compared to patients with confined tumors. Leptin receptor mRNA was an independent predictor of high Gleason score ≥ 7, distant metastasis, LN, and seminal vesicles invasion. Conclusion Leptin and its receptors are suggested to be potential biomarkers for PCa; leptin receptor mRNA might predict risk and aggressiveness of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Fawzy Mohamed Kamel
- Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anmar M Nassir
- Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A Al Refai
- Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Menoufia University, Shebin Al-Kom, Egypt
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Panza S, Russo U, Giordano F, Leggio A, Barone I, Bonofiglio D, Gelsomino L, Malivindi R, Conforti FL, Naimo GD, Giordano C, Catalano S, Andò S. Leptin and Notch Signaling Cooperate in Sustaining Glioblastoma Multiforme Progression. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060886. [PMID: 32526957 PMCID: PMC7356667 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant form of glioma, which represents one of the commonly occurring tumors of the central nervous system. Despite the continuous development of new clinical therapies against this malignancy, it still remains a deadly disease with very poor prognosis. Here, we demonstrated the existence of a biologically active interaction between leptin and Notch signaling pathways that sustains GBM development and progression. We found that the expression of leptin and its receptors was significantly higher in human glioblastoma cells, U-87 MG and T98G, than in a normal human glial cell line, SVG p12, and that activation of leptin signaling induced growth and motility in GBM cells. Interestingly, flow cytometry and real-time RT-PCR assays revealed that GBM cells, grown as neurospheres, displayed stem cell-like properties (CD133+) along with an enhanced expression of leptin receptors. Leptin treatment significantly increased the neurosphere forming efficiency, self-renewal capacity, and mRNA expression levels of the stemness markers CD133, Nestin, SOX2, and GFAP. Mechanistically, we evidenced a leptin-mediated upregulation of Notch 1 receptor and the activation of its downstream effectors and target molecules. Leptin-induced effects on U-87 MG and T98G cells were abrogated by the selective leptin antagonist, the peptide LDFI (Leu-Asp-Phe-Ile), as well as by the specific Notch signaling inhibitor, GSI (Gamma Secretase Inhibitor) and in the presence of a dominant-negative of mastermind-like-1. Overall, these findings demonstrate, for the first time, a functional interaction between leptin and Notch signaling in GBM, highlighting leptin/Notch crosstalk as a potential novel therapeutic target for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Umberto Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesca Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesca Luisa Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Giuseppina Daniela Naimo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (S.A.); Tel.: +39-0984-496207 (S.C.); +39-0984-496201 (S.A.)
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (S.P.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (A.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (F.L.C.); (G.D.N.); (C.G.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (S.A.); Tel.: +39-0984-496207 (S.C.); +39-0984-496201 (S.A.)
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Kashiwagi E, Imada K, Abe T, Kinoshita F, Monji K, Shiota M, Takeuchi A, Inokuchi J, Tatsugami K, Eto M. Thickness of Perirenal Fat Predicts the Growth Pattern of Renal Cell Carcinoma. KIDNEY CANCER 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/kca-190079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kashiwagi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Imada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Abe
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumio Kinoshita
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Monji
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ario Takeuchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junichi Inokuchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsunori Tatsugami
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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11
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Perumal K, Huin WK, Yap NY, Ong TA, Gobe GC, Rajandram R. Role of leptin as a biomarker for early detection of renal cell carcinoma? No evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Hypotheses 2019; 129:109239. [PMID: 31371068 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the commonest from of renal neoplasm. Although surgery is a successful curative treatment for localized RCC, most patients are diagnosed with advanced or metastatic RCC, which has poor prognosis. RCC is classified by stage and grade using tissue samples. Whilst these provide good prognostic information, they are not very useful for early detection. Proteins that are dysregulated in patient's serum can be a valuable alternative and less invasive biomarker for early detection of the disease. For this reason, a hypothesis was formed that leptin is a possible biomarker for early detection and prognostication of RCC. The literature has disparate results on the usefulness of leptin as a biomarker for the early detection of RCC. Hence, a systematic review and a meta-analysis was carried out to investigate whether serum leptin could be a reliable diagnostic and prognostic factor in RCC patients. Literature on the available cohort and case-control studies on serum leptin in RCC was searched in electronic databases and included to evaluate this adipokine in the progression of RCC. The relevant studies were evaluated for the diagnostic and prognostic value of leptin in RCC patients. Overall, only 6 original research studies matched selection criteria and were included for meta-analysis. This study was hypothesised that; leptin might be a useful biomarker for early detection and prognostication of RCC. However, the data were presented in this study did not support our hypothesis. Serum leptin levels in RCC patients do not strongly associate with the development or progression of RCC, thus cannot act as a biomarker for early detection in RCC in patients. Extending our hypothesis further to include levels of obesity and RCC development may be worthwhile, but studies are currently limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komathi Perumal
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Weng Kit Huin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ning Yi Yap
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teng Aik Ong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Glenda Carolyn Gobe
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Kidney Disease Research and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Retnagowri Rajandram
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Kidney Disease Research and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia.
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12
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Ghasemi A, Saeidi J, Azimi-Nejad M, Hashemy SI. Leptin-induced signaling pathways in cancer cell migration and invasion. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:243-260. [PMID: 30877623 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that obesity is associated with tumor development and progression. Leptin is an adipocyte-related hormone with a key role in energy metabolism and whose circulating levels are elevated in obesity. The effect of leptin on cancer progression and metastasis and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Leptin can impact various steps in tumor metastasis, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and proteolysis of ECM components. To do so, leptin binds to its receptor (OB-Rb) to activate signaling pathways and downstream effectors that participate in tumor cell invasion as well as distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we describe metastasis steps in detail and characterize metastasis-related molecules activated by leptin, which may help to develop a roadmap that guides future work. In addition, we conclude that a profound understanding of the fundamental molecular processes that contribute to leptin-induced metastasis may pave the way for the development of new prognostic molecules and appropriate approaches to the treatment of obesity-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghasemi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jafar Saeidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nejad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Genetic, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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13
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Tzanavari T, Tasoulas J, Vakaki C, Mihailidou C, Tsourouflis G, Theocharis S. The Role of Adipokines in the Establishment and Progression of Head and Neck Neoplasms. Curr Med Chem 2018; 26:4726-4748. [PMID: 30009699 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180713154505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines constitute a family of protein factors secreted by white adipose tissue (WAT), that regulate the functions of WAT and other sites. Leptin, adiponectin and resistin, are the main adipokines present in serum and saliva, targeting several tissues and organs, including vessels, muscles, liver and pancreas. Besides body mass regulation, adipokines affect glucose homeostasis, inflammation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and other crucial cell procedures. Their involvement in tumor formation and growth is well established and deregulation of adipokine and adipokine receptors' expression is observed in several malignancies including those located in the head and neck region. Intracellular effects of adipokines are mediated by a plethora of receptors that activate several signaling cascades including Janus kinase/ Signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/ STAT pathway), Phospatidylinositol kinase (PI3/ Akt/ mTOR) and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). The present review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of adipokines family members in carcinogenesis of the head and neck region. The diagnostic and prognostic significance of adipokines and their potential role as serum and saliva biomarkers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Tzanavari
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Jason Tasoulas
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Vakaki
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Chrysovalantou Mihailidou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Tsourouflis
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
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14
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Ray A, Cleary MP. The potential role of leptin in tumor invasion and metastasis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 38:80-97. [PMID: 29158066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adipocyte-released hormone-like cytokine/adipokine leptin behaves differently in obesity compared to its functions in the normal healthy state. In obese individuals, elevated leptin levels act as a pro-inflammatory adipokine and are associated with certain types of cancers. Further, a growing body of evidence suggests that higher circulating leptin concentrations and/or elevated expression of leptin receptors (Ob-R) in tumors may be poor prognostic factors. Although the underlying pathological mechanisms of leptin's association with poor prognosis are not clear, leptin can impact the tumor microenvironment in several ways. For example, leptin is associated with a number of biological components that could lead to tumor cell invasion and distant metastasis. This includes interactions with carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, tumor promoting effects of infiltrating macrophages, activation of matrix metalloproteinases, transforming growth factor-β signaling, etc. Recent studies also have shown that leptin plays a role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, an important phenomenon for cancer cell migration and/or metastasis. Furthermore, leptin's potentiating effects on insulin-like growth factor-I, epidermal growth factor receptor and HER2/neu have been reported. Regarding unfavorable prognosis, leptin has been shown to influence both adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Features of poor prognosis such as tumor invasion, lymph node involvement and distant metastasis have been recorded in several cancer types with higher levels of leptin and/or Ob-R. This review will describe the current scenario in a precise manner. In general, obesity indicates poor prognosis in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabha Ray
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Seton Hill University, Greensburg, PA 15601, United States
| | - Margot P Cleary
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, United States.
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15
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Clinical implication of ectopic liver lipid accumulation in renal cell carcinoma patients without visceral obesity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12795. [PMID: 28986556 PMCID: PMC5630598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver has emerged as a prognostic marker of cancer, so we investigated the impact of ectopic lipid accumulation in liver on the clinical outcome for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The records of 230 consecutive patients who had undergone surgery for RCC were reviewed, and liver lipid accumulation was estimated from the attenuation in unenhanced preoperative CT images. The median liver CT values of patients with G3 tumors was lower than that of patients with G1-2 tumors (P = 0.0116), that of patients with pT3-4 tumors was lower than that of patients with pT1-2 tumors (P = 0.0336), and that of patients with visceral obesity defined as a visceral fat area ≥ 100 cm2 was lower than that of patients without visceral obesity (P < 0.0001). In patients without visceral obesity the median liver CT values of patients with pT3-4 tumors was lower than that of patients with pT1-2 tumors (P = 0.0401), that of patients with metastasis was lower than that of patients without metastasis (P = 0.026), and fatty liver was associated with shorter overall survival (P = 0.0009). Ectopic lipid accumulation in liver thus seems to be a predictor of aggressive forms of RCC.
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16
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Mendoza-Pérez J, Gu J, Herrera LA, Tannir NM, Zhang S, Matin S, Karam JA, Wood CG, Wu X. Prognostic significance of promoter CpG island methylation of obesity-related genes in patients with nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer 2017; 123:3617-3627. [PMID: 28543182 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater than 40% of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cases in the United States are attributed to excessive body weight. Moreover, obesity also may be linked to RCC prognosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations are unclear. In the current study, the authors evaluated the role of promoter methylation in obesity-related genes in RCC tumorigenesis and disease recurrence. METHODS Paired tumors (TU) and normal adjacent (N-Adj) tissues from 240 newly diagnosed and previously untreated white patients with RCC were examined. For the discovery phase, 63 RCC pairs were analyzed. An additional 177 RCC pairs were evaluated for validation. Pyrosequencing was used to determine CpG methylation in 20 candidate obesity-related genes. An independent data set from The Cancer Genome Atlas also was analyzed for functional validation. The association between methylation and disease recurrence was analyzed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS Methylation in neuropeptide Y (NPY), leptin (LEP), and leptin receptor (LEPR) was significantly higher in TU compared with N-Adj tissues (P<.0001) in both the discovery and validation groups. High methylation in LEPR was associated with an increased risk of disease recurrence (hazard ratio, 3.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-8.07 [P = .02]). Patients with high methylation in LEPR had a shorter recurrence-free survival compared with patients in the low-methylation group (log-rank P = 2.25 × 10-3 ). In addition, high LEPR methylation in TU was associated with more advanced features (P≤.05). Consistent with the findings of the current study, lower LEPR expression in TU compared with N-Adj tissues (P = 1.00 × 10-3 ) was found in data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. CONCLUSIONS Somatic alterations of promoter methylation in the NPY, LEP, and LEPR genes are involved in RCC tumorigenesis. Furthermore, LEPR methylation appears to be associated with RCC recurrence. Future research to elucidate the biology underlying this association is warranted. Cancer 2017;123:3617-27. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mendoza-Pérez
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Cancer Biomedical Research Unit, National Cancer Institute, Institute of Biomedical Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Luis A Herrera
- Cancer Biomedical Research Unit, National Cancer Institute, Institute of Biomedical Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nizar M Tannir
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shanyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Surena Matin
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jose A Karam
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher G Wood
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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17
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Ghasemi A, Hashemy SI, Aghaei M, Panjehpour M. RhoA/ROCK pathway mediates leptin-induced uPA expression to promote cell invasion in ovarian cancer cells. Cell Signal 2017; 32:104-114. [PMID: 28104444 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that leptin, an adipocyte-secreted hormone, stimulates ovarian cancer invasion. Here, we investigated the contribution of uPA in leptin-induced ovarian cancer cell invasion. The cell invasion and migration experiments were carried out using matrigel invasion and wound healing assays in ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR3, SKOV3and CaoV-3). The mechanism underlying the invasive effect of leptin was examined using cell transfection with Ob-Rb siRNA, pre-treatment with a specific inhibitor of RhoA and ROCK, RhoA activation assay, OB-Rb, Rock and upA protein expression. Our results show that leptin induced ovarian cancer cell invasion via up-regulating upA in a time and dose-dependent manner, which was attenuated using knockdown of OB-Rb by siRNA. Moreover, pre-incubation with C3 (inhibitor of RhoA) and Y-27632 (inhibitor of ROCK) effectively attenuated leptin-induced upA expression and inhibited invasive ability of ovarian cancer cells. We also found that pretreatment with inhibitors of PI3K/AKT (LY294002), JAK/STAT (AG490) and NF-kB (BAY 11-7082) significantly reduced leptin-induced upA expression. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that OB-Rb, RhoA/ROCK, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT pathways and NF-kB activation are involved in leptin-induced upA expression. These results may provide a new mechanism that facilitates leptin-induced ovarian cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghasemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Panjehpour
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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18
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Zhang HP, Zou J, Xu ZQ, Ruan J, Yang SD, Yin Y, Mu HJ. Association of leptin, visfatin, apelin, resistin and adiponectin with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:463-468. [PMID: 28123583 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although an association between obesity and the occurrence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been identified, the mechanism by which obesity functions to increase this risk of cancer remains unclear. Leptin, visfatin, apelin, resistin and adiponectin are peptide hormones secreted by adipocytes; it is considered that these may affect RCC development by exerting effects on proliferation, cell growth and inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the aforementioned adipokine genes and clear cell RCC (CC-RCC). The GSE6344 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and the relative expression levels of the adipokine genes were analyzed. To verify the results of the mRNA microarray, 77 paired samples of CC-RCC and corresponding adjacent normal tissue were allocated into two groups. The extraction of total RNA was conducted, and the mRNA expression of adipokine genes was analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The data from the GSE6344 dataset indicated that the expression of visfatin and apelin was upregulated (P<0.0001 and P<0.01, respectively), and adiponectin was downregulated (P<0.001) in the CC-RCC tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues. The data from RT-qPCR demonstrated that visfatin and resistin gene expression was increased (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively) in the CC-RCC tissues. Furthermore, the mRNA expression level of leptin and adiponectin in the adjacent normal tissue was higher than those in the cancer tissue (P<0.01). The current study verifies that visfatin and adiponectin are associated with an increased risk of CC-RCC, which presents further insights into the molecular mechanisms of CC-RCC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ping Zhang
- Department of Derma Science Laboratory, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo-Qun Xu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ruan
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Dong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Jun Mu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
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Wang H, Wu J, Gu W, Wang B, Wan F, Dai B, Zhang H, Shi G, Shen Y, Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Ye D. Serum Adiponectin Level May be an Independent Predictor of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2016; 7:1340-6. [PMID: 27390609 PMCID: PMC4934042 DOI: 10.7150/jca.14716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To examine whether serum adiponectin or leptin level has the ability to differentiate clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) from other subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a Chinese population. Patients and methods: We recruited 198 consecutive patients who were treated with radical or partial nephrectomy in our department from September 2011 to June 2013. Their histological types were all malignant, including clear cell, papillary, chromophobe and unclassified RCC. We also enrolled 86 people with no cancer or cancer-related diseases as normal controls. We measured patients' preoperative blood samples for plasma adiponectin and leptin concentrations using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Statistical methods were used to analyze ccRCC and other subtypes as they relate to serum adiponectin/leptin level and other factors such as body mass index or visceral fat area. Results: In our database, normal controls had significantly higher circulating adiponectin (p < 0.001) and leptin levels (p < 0.001) than patients with RCC. Among the 198 RCC patients, 156 patients had ccRCC while 42 patients had other histological types. Serum adiponectin levels were lower in ccRCC patients than in non-clear-cell RCC patients (p = 0.004). However, the plasma leptin level was not differently distributed between ccRCC and non-ccRCC patients (p = 0.940). In multivariate analysis, we found that serum adiponectin level may be an independent predictor for discriminating ccRCC patients from others (p = 0.004). Furthermore, in the ccRCC subgroup, we observed that men with ccRCC had lower leptin (p < 0.001) and adiponectin (p = 0.002) levels, and diabetic patients had lower plasma adiponectin levels (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Lower plasma adiponectin concentration was related to an increased incidence of ccRCC and may act as an independent predictor for ccRCC. Our study may help define the process from obesity to adipose tissue, to cytokines and finally to ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkai Wang
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Junlong Wu
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Weijie Gu
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Beihe Wang
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Fangning Wan
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Bo Dai
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Guohai Shi
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Yijun Shen
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Yao Zhu
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
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Kim SK, Woo JW, Park I, Lee JH, Choe JH, Kim JH, Kim JS. Influence of Body Mass Index and Body Surface Area on the Behavior of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Thyroid 2016; 26:657-66. [PMID: 26959390 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the behavior of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC). However, the results are inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to clarify the association between PTC behavior and anthropometric parameters including BMI and body surface area (BSA). METHODS This study retrospectively reviewed 5081 PTC patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with bilateral central neck dissection between January 2002 and June 2015. Because of sexual dimorphism in obesity, analyses were conducted separately for men and women. The World Health Organization BMI classification was used to classify patients as normal (18.5 ≤ BMI <25 kg/m(2)), overweight (25 ≤ BMI <30 kg/m(2)), or obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m(2)). Since no consensus for BSA categorization exists, enrolled patients were grouped into BSA quartiles by sex: women BSA1 (BSA <1.52 m(2)), BSA2 (1.52 ≤ BSA <1.59 m(2)), BSA3 (1.59 ≤ BSA <1.67 m(2)), and BSA4 (BSA ≥1.67 m(2)); and men BSA1 (BSA <1.77 m(2)), BSA2 (1.77 ≤ BSA <1.86 m(2)), BSA3 (1.86 ≤ BSA <1.96 m(2)), and BSA4 (BSA ≥1.96 m(2)). RESULTS In women, overweight (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.187, p = 0.042) and obese (adjusted OR = 2.231, p < 0.001) were independent predictors for multiplicity. Furthermore, overweight (adjusted OR = 1.237, p = 0.012) and obese (adjusted OR = 1.789, p = 0.005) were independent predictors for extrathyroidal extension (ETE). However, higher BMI was not an independent predictor for bilaterality or central lymph node metastasis (CLNM). In addition, higher BSA-BSA3 (adjusted OR = 1.205, p = 0.049) and BSA4 (adjusted OR = 1.524, p < 0.001)-was an independent predictor for multiplicity. However, higher BSA was not a predictor for bilaterality, ETE, or CLNM. In men, higher BMI and BSA were not predictors for multiplicity, bilaterality, ETE, or CLNM. CONCLUSIONS In women with PTC, higher BMI was an independent predictor for multiplicity and ETE. Furthermore, higher BSA was an independent predictor for multiplicity. However, BMI and BSA were not predictors for the PTC behavior in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Ki Kim
- 1 Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Woo
- 2 Department of Surgery, Changwon Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine , Changwon, South Korea
| | - Inhye Park
- 1 Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- 3 Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Changwon, South Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Choe
- 1 Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Han Kim
- 1 Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee Soo Kim
- 1 Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea
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de Martino M, Leitner CV, Hofbauer SL, Lucca I, Haitel A, Shariat SF, Klatte T. Serum Adiponectin Predicts Cancer-specific Survival of Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol Focus 2015; 2:197-203. [PMID: 28723535 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediction of outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is crucial for clinical decision-making. The limited accuracy of conventional prognostic factors such as stage and grade may be increased by the use of biomarkers. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of serum adiponectin and leptin and polymorphisms in the leptin and leptin receptor genes with RCC histopathology and prognosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Adiponectin and leptin levels were measured in preoperative serum samples from 131 consecutive patients with sporadic unilateral RCC. The polymorphisms G-2548A (rs7799039) in the leptin gene (LEP) and Gln223Arg (Q223R, A668G, rs1137101) in the leptin receptor gene (LEPR) were genotyped in 233 patients. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Multivariable associations with RCC-specific survival were analyzed using Cox models. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Median preoperative serum adiponectin was 15.8μg/ml (interquartile range 10.0-23.1). Adiponectin was lower in patients with distant metastases (p=0.017) or histologic tumor necrosis (p=0.015). On multivariable analysis adjusted for the effects of variables in the Karakiewicz nomogram, each 1-μg/ml increase in adiponectin was associated with a 8% decrease in the hazard of death from RCC (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.86-0.98; p=0.007). The discrimination of the Karakiewicz nomogram increased by 0.6% on inclusion of adiponectin. Leptin levels, LEP G-2548A and LEPR Q223R were not associated with either RCC pathology or outcomes. Limitations include the retrospective study design, the low numbers of patients, and a lack of standardized follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that lower preoperative serum adiponectin is associated with features of biologically aggressive RCC, metastasis, and survival. PATIENT SUMMARY We assessed the relationship between outcomes and blood levels of adiponectin and leptin and genetic changes in leptin and leptin receptor genes. We found that patients with lower adiponectin levels have more aggressive tumors and poorer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela de Martino
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carmen V Leitner
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian L Hofbauer
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilaria Lucca
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Haitel
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tobias Klatte
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
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Mu HJ, Zou J, Xie P, Xu ZQ, Ruan J, Yang SD, Yin Y. Association of leptin receptor Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg polymorphisms with increased risk of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:4211-5. [PMID: 24935373 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.10.4211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although roles of genetic polymorphisms of leptin receptor (LEPR) gene in several cancers have been documented, the association between polymorphisms of LEPR and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CC-RCC) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore any relation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population consisted of 77 patients with CC-RCC and 161 healthy control subjects. Polymorphism analyses of Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg were performed by direct DNA sequencing and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism approaches respectively. RESULTS Comparisons of allelic and genotypic frequencies in Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg showed no significant difference between the cases and controls. However, when evaluating the combined genotype of Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg, risk with GG/GG was increased (OR=1.85, 95%CI=1.04-3.30) and with GA/GG or GG/GA was decreased (OR=0.07, 95%CI=0.01-0.54; OR and 95%CI of the latter could not be calculated for a value of zero) . Furthermore, the G-G haplotype frequency of Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg in the cases was higher (OR=1.68; 95%CI=1.02-2.76). In contrast, the A-G and G-A haplotype frequencies in the cases were lower than those in the controls (OR=0.06; 95%CI=0.01 to 0.47; OR and 95%CI of the latter could not be calculated for a value of zero). In addition, the Lys109Arg A allele was in LD with the Gln223Arg A allele (d'=0.9399) in the CC-RCC subjects, but not in the controls. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the GG/GG combined genotype and G-G haplotype of Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg can act as evaluating factors for CC-RCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jun Mu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China E-mail :
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Zhang G, Gu C, Zhu Y, Luo L, Dong D, Wan F, Zhang H, Shi G, Sun L, Ye D. ADIPOQ polymorphism rs182052 is associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:687-691. [PMID: 25827778 PMCID: PMC4471788 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that low circulating adiponectin concentrations are associated with a higher risk of several cancers, including renal cell carcinoma. In this case–control study, we examined the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs182052G>A, rs266729C>G, and rs3774262G>A) in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) in 1004 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) compared with a group of healthy subjects (n = 1108). Fasting serum adiponectin concentrations were also examined. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The association of serum adiponectin concentration with genetic variants was calculated using a multivariate linear regression model. A significantly higher ccRCC risk was associated with the rs182052 variant A allele (adjusted OR, 1.36 and 95% CI, 1.07–1.74 for AA vs GG, P = 0.013; adjusted OR, 1.27 and 95% CI, 1.04–1.56 for AA vs GG+AG, P = 0.019), and this positive association was more evident in overweight subjects. Fasting serum adiponectin was lower in subjects carrying A alleles of rs182052 in both ccRCC patients (β = −0.399, P = 0.018) and healthy controls (β = −0.371, P = 0.024). These results suggest that ADIPOQ rs182052 is significantly associated with ccRCC risk. In this case–control study, we examined the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs182052G>A, rs266729C>G, and rs3774262G>A) in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) in 1004 patients with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) compared with a group of healthy subjects (n = 1108). Fasting serum adiponectin concentrations were also examined. Fasting serum adiponectin was lower in subjects carrying minor alleles of rs182052 in both ccRCC patients (β = −0.399, P = 0.018) and healthy controls (β = −0.371, P = 0.024). These results suggest that ADIPOQ rs182052 is significantly associated with ccRCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyuan Gu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dahai Dong
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fangning Wan
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohai Shi
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijiang Sun
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mizutani H, Fukushima S, Masuguchi S, Yamashita J, Miyashita A, Nakahara S, Aoi J, Inoue Y, Jinnin M, Ihn H. Serum levels of leptin receptor in patients with malignant melanoma as a new tumor marker. Exp Dermatol 2014; 22:748-9. [PMID: 24433182 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is known to be abnormally expressed in a variety of cancers, and leptin receptors have been reported to be expressed on human melanoma cells. In this study, we evaluated the possibility that the serum levels of leptin receptor could be a tumor marker of malignant melanoma (MM). Serum samples were obtained from 71 patients with MM, and the serum levels of leptin receptor were measured by double-determinant ELISA. Interestingly, serum levels of leptin receptor decreased gradually with the stages of MM, being highest at in situ and lowest at stage IV. There was also a trend of reverse correlation between tumor thickness and serum levels of leptin receptor. To our knowledge, this is the first report investigating the serum levels of leptin receptor in MM, and serum leptin receptor levels may be used as a useful tumor marker of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Mizutani
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Zhang GM, Zhu Y, Ye DW. Metabolic syndrome and renal cell carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:236. [PMID: 25069390 PMCID: PMC4118156 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, which has been regarded as a pivotal risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies focusing on the relationship between MS and cancer have recognized the significant role of MS on carcinogenesis. Likewise, growing evidence suggests that MS has a strong association with increased renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk. This review outlines the link between MS and RCC, and some underlying mechanisms responsible for MS-associated RCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A National Center for Biotechnology Information PubMed search (http://www.pubmed.gov) was conducted using medical subject headings 'metabolic syndrome', 'obesity', 'hypertension', 'diabetes', 'dyslipidemia', and 'renal cell carcinoma'. RESULTS This revealed that a variety of molecular mechanisms secondary to MS are involved in RCC formation, progression, and metastasis. A deeper understanding of these molecular mechanisms may provide some strategies for the prevention and treatment of RCC. CONCLUSIONS In summary, there is a large body of evidence regarding the link between MS and RCC, within which each component of MS is considered to have a close causal association with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ding-Wei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No, 270, Dongan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China.
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26
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Gati A, Kouidhi S, Marrakchi R, El Gaaied A, Kourda N, Derouiche A, Chebil M, Caignard A, Perier A. Obesity and renal cancer: Role of adipokines in the tumor-immune system conflict. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e27810. [PMID: 24804162 PMCID: PMC4010540 DOI: 10.4161/onci.27810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies link obesity, as measured by increased body mass index (BMI) to the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as well as to the cancer-related mortality of RCC patients. RCC is the third cancer most robustly associated with increased BMI. Understanding the role of the adipose tissue in renal carcinogenesis is therefore of major importance for the development of novel paradigms of RCC prevention and treatment. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on the impact of obesity on the development and progression of RCC as well as the role of adipose tissue-derived hormones (adipokines) in the conflict between growing tumors and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Gati
- Laboratoire de Génétique; Immunologie et Pathologies Humaines; Département de Biologie; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; Campus Universitaire; Université Tunis-el Manar; El Manar-Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Kouidhi
- Laboratoire de Génétique; Immunologie et Pathologies Humaines; Département de Biologie; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; Campus Universitaire; Université Tunis-el Manar; El Manar-Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raja Marrakchi
- Laboratoire de Génétique; Immunologie et Pathologies Humaines; Département de Biologie; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; Campus Universitaire; Université Tunis-el Manar; El Manar-Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel El Gaaied
- Laboratoire de Génétique; Immunologie et Pathologies Humaines; Département de Biologie; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; Campus Universitaire; Université Tunis-el Manar; El Manar-Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Kourda
- Service d'histopathologie; Hôpital Charles Nicolle; Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Mohamed Chebil
- Service d'Urologie; Hôpital Charles Nicolle; Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anne Caignard
- Institut Cochin; INSERM U1016; CNRS UMR 8104; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Perier
- Institut Cochin; INSERM U1016; CNRS UMR 8104; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
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Liao LM, Schwartz K, Pollak M, Graubard BI, Li Z, Ruterbusch J, Rothman N, Davis F, Wacholder S, Colt J, Chow WH, Purdue MP. Serum leptin and adiponectin levels and risk of renal cell carcinoma. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1478-85. [PMID: 23666639 PMCID: PMC3742622 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has increased rapidly in the U.S., particularly among African Americans. Despite a well-established link between obesity and RCC, the mechanism through which obesity increases cancer risk has yet to be established. Adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, may link obesity and cancer, with different quantitative effects by race. DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated the association between leptin and adiponectin concentrations and RCC risk among Caucasians (581 cases, 558 controls) and African Americans (187 cases, 359 controls) in a case-control study conducted in Detroit and Chicago. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Among controls, Caucasians had higher median adiponectin than African Americans (males: 8.2 vs. 7.0 μg/ml, P = 0.001; females: 13.4 vs. 8.4 μg/ml, P < 0.0001), and lower median leptin than African Americans (males: 11.8 vs. 14.1 ng/ml, P = 0.04; females: 28.3 vs. 45.9 ng/ml, P < 0.0001). Among Caucasians, the ORs for RCC comparing the highest (Q4) to the lowest (Q1) sex-specific quartile of leptin were 3.2 (95% CI: 1.9-5.2) for males and 4.7 (95% CI: 2.6-8.6) for females. Serum leptin was not significantly associated with RCC among African American males (OR 1.5, 95% CI: 0.7-3.1) or females (OR 2.1, 95% CI: 0.8-5.5). Higher adiponectin was associated with RCC risk among African American males (Q4 vs. Q1: OR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1-4.6) and females (OR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2-6.7), but not significantly among Caucasian males (OR 1.6, 95% CI: 0.99-2.7) and females (OR 1.6, 95% CI: 0.9-3.1). CONCLUSION We observed an association between both leptin and adiponectin concentrations and risk of RCC, which may differ by race. Confirmation in further investigations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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28
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Diaz ES, Karlan BY, Li AJ. Obesity-associated adipokines correlate with survival in epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 129:353-7. [PMID: 23402904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity impacts outcome in women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), although its exact role and the molecular mechanisms remain poorly defined. Adipocytes secrete leptin and adiponectin, and the leptin to adiponectin (L:A) ratio is correlated with poor survival in other malignancies. We hypothesized that the L:A ratio is associated with survival in women with EOC. METHODS We queried the institutional tumor registry for patients with advanced stage EOC and identified a cohort of 161 women with banked fasting prediagnostic serum samples. Patients underwent cytoredutive surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy. Sera were assayed for leptin and adiponectin, and clinico-pathologic data were abstracted. Standard statistical tests were performed. RESULTS 161 patients met inclusion criteria. We identified a significant correlation between BMI and leptin and the L:A ratio, but not adiponectin, in this cohort (r=0.46, 0.46, and -0.13, respectively; p=0.001, 0.001, and 0.106). Women with low L:A ratios demonstrated statistically longer disease-specific survival (57 months) compared to those with median or high levels (49 and 37 months, respectively; p=0.02). On multivariate analysis, we determined that BMI and age, but not L:A ratio, retained significance as independent prognostic factors for survival (p=0.04, 0.004, and 0.895, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, the L:A ratio correlated statistically with clinical outcome, but did not independently predict survival. Obesity remains a modifiable risk factor in women with EOC. Further studies are needed to determine if leptin and/or adiponectin may be potential therapeutic targets in obese women with EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Diaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8635 West 3rd Street, Suite 280W, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Protease-activated receptor 2 signaling upregulates angiogenic growth factors in renal cell carcinoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2012; 94:91-7. [PMID: 22960271 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a highly vascular tumor associated with expression of various angiogenic growth factors. The precise process of how these growth factors are regulated in RCC is not fully understood. Recent evidence suggests that protease activated receptors (PARs), a new family of G-protein coupled receptors, play a crucial role in vascular development and tumor progression through a variety of mechanisms. However, the nature of PAR expression in human RCC tissues and its function in regulating angiogenesis in RCC are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of PAR-2 in RCC. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry assays show that PAR-2 expression is significantly increased in human RCC tissue compared with the adjacent non-neoplastic kidney tissue. In RCC derived cells, PAR-2 is functional as evidenced by robust signaling through MAP kinases including ERK1/2 and JNK. Furthermore, activation of PAR-2 significantly upregulates several angiogenic cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, monocytes chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and growth-related oncogene (GRO). To our knowledge, this is the first report that characterized PAR-2 expression in RCC tissue and further demonstrated that PAR-2 has a critical role in regulating angiogenesis in RCC.
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Moraes-Vieira PMM, Bassi EJ, Araujo RC, Câmara NOS. Leptin as a link between the immune system and kidney-related diseases: leading actor or just a coadjuvant? Obes Rev 2012; 13:733-43. [PMID: 22498577 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2012.00997.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Food intake and nutritional status modify the physiological responses of the immune system to illness and infection and regulate the development of chronic inflammatory processes, such as kidney disease. Adipose tissue secretes immune-related proteins called adipokines that have pleiotropic effects on both the immune and neuroendocrine systems, linking metabolism and immune physiology. Leptin, an adipose tissue-derived adipokine, displays a variety of immune and physiological functions, and participates in several immune responses. Here, we review the current literature on the role of leptin in kidney diseases, linking adipose tissue and the immune system with kidney-related disorders. The modulation of this adipose hormone may have a major impact on the treatment of several immune- and metabolic-related kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M M Moraes-Vieira
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Stemmer K, Perez-Tilve D, Ananthakrishnan G, Bort A, Seeley RJ, Tschöp MH, Dietrich DR, Pfluger PT. High-fat-diet-induced obesity causes an inflammatory and tumor-promoting microenvironment in the rat kidney. Dis Model Mech 2012; 5:627-35. [PMID: 22422828 PMCID: PMC3424460 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.009407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and concomitant comorbidities have emerged as public health problems of the first order. For instance, obese individuals have an increased risk for kidney cancer. However, direct mechanisms linking obesity with kidney cancer remain elusive. We hypothesized that diet-induced obesity (DIO) promotes renal carcinogenesis by inducing an inflammatory and tumor-promoting microenvironment. We compared chow-fed lean Wistar rats with those that were sensitive (DIOsens) or partially resistant (DIOres) to DIO to investigate the impact of body adiposity versus dietary nutrient overload in the development of renal preneoplasia and activation of tumor-promoting signaling pathways. Our data clearly show a correlation between body adiposity, the severity of nephropathy, and the total number and incidence of preneoplastic renal lesions. However, similar plasma triglyceride, plasma free fatty acid and renal triglyceride levels were found in chow-fed, DIOres and DIOsens rats, suggesting that lipotoxicity is not a critical contributor to the renal pathology. Obesity-related nephropathy was further associated with regenerative cell proliferation, monocyte infiltration and higher renal expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-6 receptor and leptin receptor. Accordingly, we observed increased signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation in tubules with preneoplastic phenotypes. In summary, our results demonstrate that high body adiposity induces an inflammatory and proliferative microenvironment in rat kidneys that promotes the development of preneoplastic lesions, potentially via activation of the STAT3 and mTOR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Stemmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2170 East Galbraith Road, Building E, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA.
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Guo S, Liu M, Wang G, Torroella-Kouri M, Gonzalez-Perez RR. Oncogenic role and therapeutic target of leptin signaling in breast cancer and cancer stem cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1825:207-22. [PMID: 22289780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significant correlations between obesity and incidence of various cancers have been reported. Obesity, considered a mild inflammatory process, is characterized by a high level of secretion of several cytokines from adipose tissue. These molecules have disparate effects, which could be relevant to cancer development. Among the inflammatory molecules, leptin, mainly produced by adipose tissue and overexpressed with its receptor (Ob-R) in cancer cells is the most studied adipokine. Mutations of leptin or Ob-R genes associated with obesity or cancer are rarely found. However, leptin is an anti-apoptotic molecule in many cell types, and its central roles in obesity-related cancers are based on its pro-angiogenic, pro-inflammatory and mitogenic actions. Notably, these leptin actions are commonly reinforced through entangled crosstalk with multiple oncogenes, cytokines and growth factors. Leptin-induced signals comprise several pathways commonly triggered by many cytokines (i.e., canonical: JAK2/STAT; MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI-3K/AKT1 and, non-canonical signaling pathways: PKC, JNK and p38 MAP kinase). Each of these leptin-induced signals is essential to its biological effects on food intake, energy balance, adiposity, immune and endocrine systems, as well as oncogenesis. This review is mainly focused on the current knowledge of the oncogenic role of leptin in breast cancer. Additionally, leptin pro-angiogenic molecular mechanisms and its potential role in breast cancer stem cells will be reviewed. Strict biunivocal binding-affinity and activation of leptin/Ob-R complex makes it a unique molecular target for prevention and treatment of breast cancer, particularly in obesity contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanchun Guo
- Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
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Oncogenic role and therapeutic target of leptin signaling in breast cancer and cancer stem cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012. [PMID: 22289780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.01.002.oncogenic] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Significant correlations between obesity and incidence of various cancers have been reported. Obesity, considered a mild inflammatory process, is characterized by a high level of secretion of several cytokines from adipose tissue. These molecules have disparate effects, which could be relevant to cancer development. Among the inflammatory molecules, leptin, mainly produced by adipose tissue and overexpressed with its receptor (Ob-R) in cancer cells is the most studied adipokine. Mutations of leptin or Ob-R genes associated with obesity or cancer are rarely found. However, leptin is an anti-apoptotic molecule in many cell types, and its central roles in obesity-related cancers are based on its pro-angiogenic, pro-inflammatory and mitogenic actions. Notably, these leptin actions are commonly reinforced through entangled crosstalk with multiple oncogenes, cytokines and growth factors. Leptin-induced signals comprise several pathways commonly triggered by many cytokines (i.e., canonical: JAK2/STAT; MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI-3K/AKT1 and, non-canonical signaling pathways: PKC, JNK and p38 MAP kinase). Each of these leptin-induced signals is essential to its biological effects on food intake, energy balance, adiposity, immune and endocrine systems, as well as oncogenesis. This review is mainly focused on the current knowledge of the oncogenic role of leptin in breast cancer. Additionally, leptin pro-angiogenic molecular mechanisms and its potential role in breast cancer stem cells will be reviewed. Strict biunivocal binding-affinity and activation of leptin/Ob-R complex makes it a unique molecular target for prevention and treatment of breast cancer, particularly in obesity contexts.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Incidence of obesity and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are increasing, and RCC remains a lethal disease if not identified at an early stage. There is an increasing body of evidence linking obesity to the risk of developing RCC. RECENT FINDINGS There is a wealth of epidemiological evidence supporting a higher risk of developing RCC in obese individuals, and in a dose-response manner. This is particularly pertinent in the development of the clear cell subtype (ccRCC), in which there appears to be a special interplay between ccRCC, obesity and von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene defects, driving the proangiogenic/proliferative pathway as a result of metabolites produced by adipose tissue, the epigenetic silencing of a tumour suppressor in close proximity to the VHL gene, hypoxia, obesity-related hypertension, lipid peroxidation and increased insulin-like growth factor-1. SUMMARY Obesity-related diseases, including cancers, are increasing. There are many complex biomolecular pathways interacting in obesity, especially in ccRCC in which there appears to be a specific interplay in VHL mutations.
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Liu H, Wan D, Pan Z, Cao L, Wu X, Lu Z, Kang T. Expression and biological significance of leptin, leptin receptor, VEGF, and CD34 in colorectal carcinoma. Cell Biochem Biophys 2011; 60:241-4. [PMID: 21161731 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-010-9145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the expression and biological significance of Leptin, Leptin receptor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and CD34 protein in colorectal carcinoma tissues. The expression of Leptin, Leptin receptor, VEGF, and CD34 was detected in 68 cases of colorectal carcinoma tissues, paired para-carcinoma tissues and normal colorectal tissues by Immunohistochemical SP Method. The results and related clinicopathological data were analyzed. The positive rate of Leptin, Leptin receptor, and VEGF was significantly higher in colorectal carcinoma tissues than that in paired para-carcinoma tissues and normal colorectal tissues. The expression of Leptin, Leptin receptor, and VEGF was correlated with grade of tumor differentiation, depth of bowel wall invasion, lymph node metastasis, Dukes stage, distant metastasis, and lympho/vascular tumor embolization. Microvessel density (MVD) value in colorectal carcinoma was significantly higher than that in para-carcinoma tissues and normal colorectal tissues, and the density in para-carcinoma tissues was higher than that in normal colorectal tissues. The expression of Leptin, Leptin receptor, VEGF, and MVD value in colorectal carcinoma was positively correlated. In conclusion, microvessel density value is an important index of the growth, invasion, and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. The binding of Leptin and Leptin receptor promotes the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cells. The synergy between Leptin and VEGF accelerates the angiogenesis in colorectal carcinoma and accelerates the invasion and metastasis of the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
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Ladoire S, Bonnetain F, Gauthier M, Zanetta S, Petit JM, Guiu S, Kermarrec I, Mourey E, Michel F, Krause D, Hillon P, Cormier L, Ghiringhelli F, Guiu B. Visceral fat area as a new independent predictive factor of survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with antiangiogenic agents. Oncologist 2011; 16:71-81. [PMID: 21212435 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. A better identification of patients who are more likely to benefit from vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy is warranted in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). As adipose tissue releases angiogenic factors, we determined whether parameters such as visceral fat area (VFA) were associated with outcome in these patients. Experimental Design. In 113 patients with mRCC who received antiangiogenic agents (bevacizumab, sunitinib, or sorafenib) (n = 64) or cytokines (n = 49) as first-line treatment, we used computed tomography to measure VFA and subcutaneous fat area (SFA). We evaluated associations linking body mass index (BMI), SFA, and VFA to time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS). Results. High SFA and VFA values were significantly associated with shorter TTP and OS. By multivariate analysis, high VFA was independently associated with shorter TTP and OS. These results were internally validated using bootstrap analysis. By contrast, VFA was not associated with survival in the cytokine group. In the whole population, interaction between VFA and treatment group was significant for TTP and OS, thereby confirming the results. Conclusion. Our study provides the first evidence that high VFA could be a predictive biomarker from shorter survival in patients given first-line antiangiogenic agents for mRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Ladoire
- Centre Georges François Leclerc, Centre de Recherche INSERM 866, Faculté de Médecine, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France
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Siegel AB, Wang S, Jacobson JS, Hershman DL, Lim EA, Yu J, Ferrante L, Devaraj KM, Remotti H, Scrudato S, Halazun K, Emond J, Dove L, Brown RS, Neugut AI. Obesity and microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Invest 2010; 28:1063-9. [PMID: 21077757 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2010.483500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with higher Body Mass Index (BMI) might have more microvascular invasion (MVI) in their tumors. METHODS Records from 138 consecutive patients who underwent surgery at Columbia University Medical Center from January 1, 2002 to January 9, 2008 were evaluated. RESULTS 40 patients (29%) had MVI, including 14% with BMI <25, 31% with BMI = 25-30, and 40% with BMI >30 (p = .05). However, only maximum alpha-fetoprotein was significantly associated with overall mortality in a Cox model. CONCLUSIONS MVI was associated with obesity. A better understanding of the mechanism of this association may lead to interventions for the treatment and prevention of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby B Siegel
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
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Cheng SP, Chi CW, Tzen CY, Yang TL, Lee JJ, Liu TP, Liu CL. Clinicopathologic significance of leptin and leptin receptor expressions in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Surgery 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2009.11.004 epub 2009 dec 31.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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Iglesias P, Díez JJ. Adipose tissue in renal disease: clinical significance and prognostic implications. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25:2066-77. [PMID: 20466661 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
Multiple epidemiologic studies have linked the development of renal cancer to obesity. In this chapter, we begin with a review of selected population studies, followed by recent mechanistic discoveries that further link lipid deregulation to the RCC development. The upregulation of leptin and downregulation of adiponectin pathways in obesity fit well with our molecular understanding of RCC pathogenesis. In addition, two forms of hereditary RCC involve proteins, Folliculin and TRC8, that are positioned to coordinately regulate lipid and protein biosynthesis. Both of these biosynthetic pathways have important downstream consequences on HIF-1/2alpha levels and angiogenesis, key aspects in the disease pathogenesis. The role of lipid biology and its interface with protein translation regulation represents a new dimension in RCC research with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry A Drabkin
- Department of Medicine and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Cheng SP, Chi CW, Tzen CY, Yang TL, Lee JJ, Liu TP, Liu CL. Clinicopathologic significance of leptin and leptin receptor expressions in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Surgery 2009; 147:847-53. [PMID: 20045163 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have shown that obesity is associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer. Leptin, an adipocyte-derived cytokine, can act as a growth factor on certain normal and transformed cells. Aberrant expression of leptin or leptin receptor has been detected in some types of cancer. The aim of this study is to determine immunohistochemical expression of leptin and leptin receptor in papillary thyroid cancer to investigate the relationship between their expression and clinicopathologic features. METHODS The expression of leptin and leptin receptor was assessed in 49 primary neoplasms and 15 lymph node metastases using a semiquantitative immunohistochemical staining method. RESULTS Leptin and leptin receptor were expressed in 37% and 51% of papillary thyroid cancer, respectively. They were not expressed in normal follicles. In the primary neoplasms and the metastatic nodes, expression of leptin correlated closely with leptin receptor (P < .001 for the primary neoplasms and P = .017 for nodal metastases). Expression of either protein was associated with greater neoplasm size (leptin expression, 32.0 +/- 10.7 vs 20.5 +/- 8.4 mm; P = .001; leptin receptor expression, 27.9 +/- 11.5 vs 21.4 +/- 9.0 mm; P = .032). Coexpression of leptin and leptin receptor in primary neoplasms had greater incidence of lymph node metastasis (P = .038). CONCLUSION Expression of leptin and/or leptin receptor in papillary thyroid cancer is associated with neoplasm aggressiveness, including tumor size and lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ping Cheng
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Siegel AB, Zhu AX. Metabolic syndrome and hepatocellular carcinoma: two growing epidemics with a potential link. Cancer 2009; 115:5651-61. [PMID: 19834957 PMCID: PMC3397779 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most rapidly increasing cause of cancer death in the United States. Although many risk factors for HCC are well defined, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and alcohol, most series have indicated that 5% to 30% of patients with HCC lack a readily identifiable risk factor for their cancer. The majority of "cryptogenic" HCC in the United States is attributed to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of problems that includes insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Increasingly, components of the metabolic syndrome are being linked to various forms of cancer with respect to both increased risk of disease and worsened outcome. In this review, the authors focused on the relation between metabolic syndrome and HCC. They investigated the increased risks of HCC among individuals with features of metabolic syndrome, potentially worsened cancer outcomes in these patients, possible pathogenic mechanisms to explain these relations, and treatment options for those with NAFLD and its progressive counterpart, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. It is predicted that metabolic syndrome will lead to large increases in the incidence of HCC over the next decades. A better understanding of the relation between these 2 diseases ultimately should lead to improved screening and treatment options for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby B Siegel
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032-3784, USA.
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Klinghoffer Z, Yang B, Kapoor A, Pinthus JH. Obesity and renal cell carcinoma: epidemiology, underlying mechanisms and management considerations. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2009; 9:975-87. [PMID: 19589036 DOI: 10.1586/era.09.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of both renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and obesity are steadily rising in Western societies. Recent studies have established that obesity is a significant risk factor for the development of several malignancies, including RCC. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain to be fully elucidated. We review herein the epidemiological links between obesity and RCC, the potential mechanisms by which obesity can influence RCC development and progression, and the special considerations related to the treatment of obese patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Klinghoffer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Hoon Kim J, Lee SY, Myung SC, Kim YS, Kim TH, Kim MK. Clinical significance of the leptin and leptin receptor expressions in prostate tissues. Asian J Androl 2009; 10:923-8. [PMID: 18958356 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2008.00438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the expression of leptin and leptin receptor in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa), and to investigate whether they are associated with the development and progression of PCa. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was performed to examine the expression of leptin and leptin receptor in BPH and PCa. PCa was divided into three groups: localized PCa, locally advanced PCa and metastatic PCa. The positive staining was identified and the percentage of the positive staining was graded. We also assessed the relationship between both the Gleason score and body mass index (BMI) and PCa. RESULTS The percentage of the leptin expression in PCa was significantly higher than that in BPH (P < 0.01). For the PCa group, the expressed levels of leptin showed a considerable correlation with localized PCa and metastatic PCa (P < 0.05). Leptin receptor, however, did not reveal a definite difference between BPH and PCa. The expression of leptin indicated a significant difference between well-differentiated PCa (Gleason score =or< 6) and poorly differentiated PCa (Gleason score 8?0) (P < 0.05). The relation between the leptin expression level in PCa and the BMI was not remarkable (P = 0.447). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that leptin might have a promoting effect on the carcinogenesis and progression of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoon Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 65-207, Hankang-Ro 3 Ka, Yong-san Ku, Seoul 140-757, Korea
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Lin J, Pu X, Wang W, Matin S, Tannir NM, Wood CG, Wu X. Case-control analysis of nucleotide excision repair pathway and the risk of renal cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:2112-9. [PMID: 18711149 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this population-based case-control study with 325 Caucasian renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients and 335 controls matched to cases by age, gender and county of residence, we evaluated the associations between 13 potential functional polymorphisms in nine major nucleotide excision repair (NER) genes and RCC risk. In individual single nucleotide polymorphism analysis, after adjustment for multiple comparisons, a significantly decreased RCC risk was observed for the heterozygous genotype of XPD Asp312Asn [odds ratio (OR) = 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43-0.90] and for the heterozygous and homozygous variant genotypes combined in a dominant model (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.46-0.89). The heterozygous AG genotype of XPA 5'untranslated region was at 1.78-fold increased risk (95% CI: 1.18-2.69) and the risk reached 2.43-fold (95% CI: 1.57-3.75) for the homozygous variant GG genotype; the risk was significant both in the dominant model and in the recessive model. In joint analysis, compared with individuals with fewer than five adverse alleles, individuals with five (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 0.71-1.93), six (OR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.03-2.67), seven or more (OR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.16-2.95) exhibited a progressively increased risk of RCC (P for trend = 0.004). Further, there were significant interactions between NER pathway genes and sex, hypertension and obesity (all P for interaction <0.05). Our results strongly support that common sequence variants of the NER pathway genes predispose susceptible individuals to increased risk of RCC and that the association may be modified by gender, history of hypertension and obesity. These results need to be replicated in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Fatty acid synthase over expression is an indicator of tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 2008; 180:1137-40. [PMID: 18639282 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.04.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatty acid synthase is a key enzyme in the de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids. Increased fatty acid synthase expression and its association with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis have been demonstrated in various human malignant tumors. We investigated fatty acid synthase expression in patients with renal cell carcinoma and its impact on clinicopathological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fatty acid synthase expression in 120 patients with renal cancer was examined by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between fatty acid synthase expression status and various clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Survival analysis was performed using the log rank test and a Cox multivariate hazard model. RESULTS Of 120 tumors 18 (15%) showed positive fatty acid synthase expression, which was significantly associated with advanced pathological T stage (pT3-4, p = 0.0009), regional lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0429), distant metastasis (p = 0.0042), higher histological grade (G3, p = 0.0017) and microvascular invasion (p = 0.0357). Patients with positive fatty acid synthase expression had significantly shorter cancer specific survival than those with negative FAS expression (p <0.0001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis demonstrated that positive fatty acid synthase expression was an independent predictor of shortened cancer specific survival (p = 0.0363, HR 3.736). CONCLUSIONS Increased FAS expression could be an indicator of tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis of renal cell carcinoma. Patients with fatty acid synthase positive tumors should be followed closely and carefully, and adjuvant therapy should be considered.
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Wincewicz A, Koda M, Sulkowska M, Kanczuga-Koda L, Sulkowski S. Comparison of STAT3 with HIF-1alpha, Ob and ObR expressions in human endometrioid adenocarcinomas. Tissue Cell 2008; 40:405-10. [PMID: 18579174 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) maintained invasiveness of endometrial cancer cell line. STAT3 mediated signaling for oncogenic growth stimulated by leptin (Ob) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Therefore, we studied STAT3 in relation with HIF-1alpha, Ob, leptin receptor (ObR) and clinical and pathological variables with immunohistochemistry in 48 human endometrioid adenocarcinomas. Nuclear location was a proof of activity of STAT3 and HIF-1 and it was mainly characteristic for granular anti-STAT3 staining and rarely for diffuse HIF-1alpha expression. HIF-1alpha, Ob and ObR presented cytoplasmic granular immunoreactivities. Positive staining for STAT3, HIF-1, Ob and ObR occurred in 75%, 79%, 60% and 31% of cancers, respectively. Anti-STAT3 staining did not significantly vary with grading, staging and patients' age. STAT3 correlated with Ob (p=0.048, r=0.290) and with HIF-1alpha (p=0.004, r=0.407) in all cancers but it failed to associate with ObR at all. In opposition to the absence of significant relationship between STAT3 and Ob, STAT3 correlated with HIF-1alpha in well differentiated cancers (G1), poorly differentiated tumors (G3), pT1b neoplasms, compound group of pT1c, pT2a, pT2b tumors, and older patients over their sixties. STAT3 mediated signaling pathways that engage leptin and HIF-1alpha could only be partially reflected in correlations between STAT3 and Ob or STAT3 and HIF-1alpha in the examined neoplasms. Nevertheless, STAT3 failed to mark cancer advancement, so progressive significance of STAT3 is questionable in endometrioid adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wincewicz
- Departments of Clinical and General Pathomorphology, Collegium Pathologicum, Medical University of Bialystok, Collegium Pathologicum, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona St 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland.
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Intratumoral Lymphatics and Lymphatic Invasion Are Associated with Tumor Aggressiveness and Poor Prognosis in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Urology 2008; 71:928-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Murai M. Editorial comment on: impact of gender in renal cell carcinoma: an analysis of the SEER database. Eur Urol 2007; 54:140-1. [PMID: 18160208 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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