1
|
The past, present, and future of immunotherapy for bladder tumors. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:236. [PMID: 36175715 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a prominent cancer worldwide with a relatively low survival rate for patients with increased stage and metastasis. Current treatments are based on surgical removal, bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Immunotherapy, and platinum-based chemotherapy. However, treatment resistance due to genetic instability of bladder tumors, as well as intolerance to treatment adverse effects leads to the necessity to further treatment options. New advancements in immunotherapy are on the rise for treatment of various cancers and specifically has shown promise in the treatment of bladder cancer. This review summarizes these new advancements in treatment options involving cytokines and cytokine blockade. Such a study might be helpful for urologists to manage patients with bladder cancer more effectively.
Collapse
|
2
|
Deng Q, Luo L, Quan Z, Liu N, Du Z, Sun W, Luo C, Wu X. HepaCAM inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in prostate cancer by suppressing nuclear translocation of the androgen receptor via its cytoplasmic domain. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2115-2124. [PMID: 30664187 PMCID: PMC6390061 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule (HepaCAM) is a tumour suppressor. However, the mechanism of HepaCAM function in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unknown. In the present study, HepaCAM, androgen receptor (AR) and Ran were analysed in 46 PCa tissue samples using immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, the influence of HepaCAM and its cytoplasmic domain on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and associated proteins was examined using MTT, wound healing, Transwell and western blotting assays, respectively. Furthermore, nuclear translocation of AR and Ran was analysed using immunofluorescence and Western blot assays. The results demonstrated that HepaCAM expression was reduced in PCa, and there was an association between downregulation of HepaCAM and changes in the distribution of AR and Ran. Furthermore, HepaCAM, specifically the cytoplasmic domain, was involved in cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Nuclear translocation of AR was dependent on HepaCAM and its cytoplasmic domain. Additionally, HepaCAM suppression of the nuclear translocation of AR occurred via Ran. The results suggest that HepaCAM and its cytoplasmic domain suppress the nuclear translocation of AR via Ran in PCa. The cytoplasmic domain of HepaCAM may serve as a novel target for therapy in PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingfu Deng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Li Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by The Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Quan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Nanjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by The Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Zhongbo Du
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by The Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Du Z, Li L, Sun W, Wang X, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Yuan M, Quan Z, Liu N, Hao Y, Li T, Wang J, Luo C, Wu X. HepaCAM inhibits the malignant behavior of castration-resistant prostate cancer cells by downregulating Notch signaling and PF-3084014 (a γ-secretase inhibitor) partly reverses the resistance of refractory prostate cancer to docetaxel and enzalutamide in vitro. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:99-112. [PMID: 29658567 PMCID: PMC5958706 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) continues to be a major challenge in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). The expression of hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule (HepaCAM), a novel tumor suppressor, is frequently downregulated or lost in PCa. Overactivated Notch signaling is involved in the development and progression of PCa, including CRPC. In this study, we found that the activities of Notch signaling were elevated, while HepaCAM expression was decreased in CRPC tissues compared with matched primary prostate cancer (PPC) tissues. In addition, HepaCAM negativity was found to be associated with a worse progression-free survival (PFS). Furthermore, the overexpression of HepaCAM induced by transfection with a HepaCAM overexpression vector (Ad-HepaCAM) exerted antitumor effects by decreasing the proliferation, and suppressing the invasion and migration of bicalutamide-resistant (Bica-R) cells and enzalutamide-resistant (Enza-R) cells. Importantly, we found that the antitumor effects of HepaCAM on the resistant cells were associated with the downregulation of Notch signaling. Moreover, we revealed that PF-3084014 (a γ-secretase inhibitor) re-sensitized Enza-R cells to enzalutamide, and sequential dual-resistant (E+D-R) cells to docetaxel. Additionally, the findings of this study demonstrated that the use of PF-3084014 alone exerted potent antitumor effect on the resistant cells in vitro. On the whole, this study indicates that HepaCAM potentially represents a therapeutic target and PF-3084014 may prove to a promising agent for use in the treatment of refractory PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Du
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Luo Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiong Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Mengjuan Yuan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Quan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Nanjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yanni Hao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Luo
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Quan Z, He Y, Luo C, Xia Y, Zhao Y, Liu N, Wu X. Interleukin 6 induces cell proliferation of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by suppressing hepaCAM via the STAT3-dependent up-regulation of DNMT1 or DNMT3b. Cell Signal 2017; 32:48-58. [PMID: 28093267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6), a tumor promoting cytokine, has been largely implicated in the development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule (hepaCAM) is a novel tumor suppressor, which is lost or down-regulated in many cancer types including RCC. In the present study, we intensively investigated the connection between IL-6 and hepaCAM in RCC. Our analysis of RCC tissues, adjacent tissues and paired serum samples from RCC patients revealed that IL-6 was elevated in patient serum and RCC tissue, whereas hepaCAM was completely lost or significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, we observed an association between IL-6 increase and hepaCAM decrease in RCC tissue samples. In the section of cytological researches, we found in RCC cell lines that IL-6 was a direct upstream regulator of hepaCAM, and that hepaCAM down-regulation was involved in IL-6-driven cell proliferation. We also demonstrated that IL-6-mediated promoter hypermethylation largely accounted for the hepaCAM loss in RCC, and it was STAT3-dependent. Additionally, our data showed that DNMT1 up-regulation induced by IL-6/STAT3 signaling was indispensable for IL-6-mediated hepaCAM loss in RCC cell lines ACHN and 769-P, while DNMT3b up-regulation was crucial for hepaCAM loss in A498. Our findings provide a novel signal pathway regulating cell proliferation, potentially representing a therapeutic target for RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Quan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunli Luo
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanjing Liu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Overexpression of HepaCAM inhibits bladder cancer cell proliferation and viability through the AKT/FoxO pathway. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:793-805. [PMID: 28229220 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2333-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE HepaCAM, an N-linked glycoprotein that encodes a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, has been reported to be a tumor suppressor gene that mediates diverse cellular bio-functions. Recent studies have shown that the FoxO transcription factors play a pivotal role during cancer progression. Here, we explored the correlation between HepaCAM and the FoxO family via regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. METHODS HepaCAM and FoxO3 expression were detected by immunohistochemistry staining. We detected the effect of HepaCAM on the proliferation and viability of bladder cancer through AKT signaling by colony formation, the MTT assay and Western blotting. We observed the nuclear translocation of FoxO3 by immunofluorescence staining after expressing HepaCAM. RESULTS HepaCAM depletion was discovered in bladder cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, and the decreased level was associated with the degradation of FoxO3. Furthermore, re-expression of HepaCAM significantly disrupted T24 and BIU-87 cell colony formation, as well as reduced p-AKT and p-FoxO protein expression. We found that the combined treatment of HepaCAM-overexpressing adenovirus with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 enhanced the inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, viability and protein expression. Additionally, overexpressed HepaCAM decreased the activated effect on cell proliferation, viability and protein expression of the AKT activator SC79. Moreover, we observed that HepaCAM induced nuclear translocation of FoxO3. CONCLUSIONS Our research implicated that HepaCAM may function as a novel therapeutic target that inhibits the proliferation of bladder cancer via the AKT/FoxO pathway.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang H, Liang C, Hou X, Wang L, Zhang D. Study of the combined treatment of lung cancer using gene-loaded immunomagnetic albumin nanospheres in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1039-50. [PMID: 27042059 PMCID: PMC4801199 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s98519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy for lung cancer has garnered widespread attention. Radiation therapy, gene therapy, and molecular targeted therapy for lung cancer have certain effects, but the disadvantages of these treatment methods are evident. Combining these methods can decrease their side effects and increase their curative effects. In this study, we constructed a pYr-ads-8-5HRE-cfosp-iNOS-IFNG plasmid (a gene circuit that can express IFNγ), which is a gene circuit, and used that plasmid together with C225 (cetuximab) to prepare gene-loaded immunomagnetic albumin nanospheres (IMANS). Moreover, we investigated the therapeutic effects of gene-loaded IMANS in combination with radiation therapy on human lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that this gene circuit was successively constructed and confirmed that the expression of INFγ was increased due to the gene circuit. Gene-loaded IMANS combined with radiation therapy demonstrated improved results in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, gene-loaded IMANS enhanced the efficacy of combination therapy, solved problems related to gene transfer, and specifically targeted lung cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Hou
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang X, Chen E, Tang M, Yang X, Wang Y, Quan Z, Wu X, Luo C. The SMAD2/3 pathway is involved in hepaCAM-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of SMAD2/3 in bladder cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10731-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
8
|
Wang X, Chen E, Yang X, Wang Y, Quan Z, Wu X, Luo C. 5-azacytidine inhibits the proliferation of bladder cancer cells via reversal of the aberrant hypermethylation of the hepaCAM gene. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1375-84. [PMID: 26677113 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule (hepaCAM), a tumor-suppressor gene, is rarely expressed in bladder carcinoma. However, little is known concerning the mechanisms of low hepaCAM expression in bladder cancer. Abnormal hypermethylation in the promoter plays a crucial role in cancer by silencing tumor-suppressor genes, which is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). In the present study, a total of 31 bladder cancer and 22 adjacent tissues were assessed by immunohistochemistry to detect DNMT3A/3B and hepaCAM expression. Methylation of hepaCAM was determined by methylation‑specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). The mRNA and protein levels of DNMT3A/3B and hepaCAM were determined by RT-PCR and western blot analysis after treatment with 5-azacytidine (AZAC). Following AZAC treatment, the proliferation of bladder cancer cells was detected by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Cell cycle distribution was examined by flow cytometry. To further evaluate the tumor‑suppressive roles of AZAC and the involved mechanisms, the anti-tumorigenicity of AZAC was tested in vivo. The expression of DNMT3A/3B protein was markedly increased in the bladder carcinoma tissues (P<0.05), and had a negative linear correlation with hepaCAM expression in the same patients according to Pearson's analysis (r=-0.7176/-0.7127, P<0.05). The MSP results indicated that the hepaCAM gene was hypermethylated in three bladder cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we found that downregulation of DNMT3A/3B expression, after treatment with AZAC, reversed the hypermethylation and expression of hepaCAM in bladder cancer cells. In addition, AZAC inhibited the proliferation of bladder cancer cells and arrested cells at the G0/G1 phase. The in vivo results showed that expression of DNMT3A/3B and hepaCAM as well as tumor growth of nude mice were markedly altered which corresponded with the in vitro results. Due to the ability to reactivate expression of hepaCAM and inhibit growth of bladder cancer cells, AZAC may represent an effective treatment for bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - E Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Quan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang H, Hou X, Lin M, Wang L, Li H, Yuan C, Liang C, Zhang J, Zhang D. The study on the preparation and characterization of gene-loaded immunomagnetic albumin nanospheres and their anti-cell proliferative effect combined with magnetic fluid hyperthermia on GLC-82 cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:6445-60. [PMID: 26719671 PMCID: PMC4687624 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s93481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most common malignant tumors, the clinical and socio-economic consequences of lung cancer are significant. Currently, surgery is the main treatment strategy for this disease, but the survival rates of lung cancer patients are not ideal due to the high recurrence rate of the disease. Therefore, many researchers are exploring new specific therapeutic methods that are highly curative and minimally cytotoxic to healthy tissues. To this end, albumin nanospheres simultaneously were loaded with super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (as gene vector and anticancer gene), and plasmid pDONR223-IFNG, and modified with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab as therapy. Targeting agents, namely gene-loaded immunomagnetic albumin nanospheres (cetuximab [C225]-IFNG-IMANS), were prepared for targeted lung carcinoma cells (GLC-82 cell lines). Transmission electron microscopy images showed that the C225-IFNG-IMANS were successfully prepared, and the ability of the nanospheres to target GLC-82 cells in vitro was confirmed by Prussian blue staining, immunofluorescence experiments, and magnetic resonance imaging. Transfection photographs and agarose gel electrophoresis proved that pDONR223-IFNG could be encased in the albumin nanospheres. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay showed that the combination therapy group had significantly more therapeutic effects on GLC-82 cells than other therapy groups. A flow cytometry assay showed that the apoptotic index of the combined treatment group was 67.68%, whereas the indices of the C225 group, gene therapy group, and magnetic fluid hyperthermia group were 12.2%, 16.34%, and 20.04% respectively. Therefore, the combination of thermal treatment, molecular targeted treatment, and gene treatment synergistically targets GLC-82 cells, and the use of C225-IFNG-IMANS as a gene or drug carrier offers a novel and promising approach for the treatment of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Hou
- Medical School of Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Lin
- Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital (Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyan Yuan
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China ; Jiangsu Key Laboratory For Biomaterials and Devices, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Du HF, Ou LP, Lv CK, Yang X, Song XD, Fan YR, Wu XH, Luo CL. Expression of hepaCAM inhibits bladder cancer cell proliferation via a Wnt/β-catenin-dependent pathway in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1502-13. [PMID: 26192362 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1071732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously established that hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule (hepaCAM), a typical structure of immunoglobulin (Ig)-like adhesion molecules, inhibited the proliferation and the progression of cultured human bladder cancer cells. As increasing evidence reveals that aberrant activation of canonical Wnt pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer, and β-catenin serves as a pivotal molecule of Wnt pathway. Then, we explored whether the anti-proliferation effect of hepaCAM was associated with Wnt/β-catenin pathway in human bladder cancer cells. The negative correlation between hepaCAM and β-catenin in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder (TCCB) was found. Follow by, studied the effect of hepaCAM on the key elements of Wnt pathway. Here, Our researches showed that hepaCAM played a central role in modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by interfering nuclear protein levels of β-catenin, leading to down-regulate transcriptional activity of LEF/TCF and its target genes c-Myc and cyclinD1. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that hepaCAM-activated GSK3β led to elevate the phosphorylation of β-catenin, contributing to the aberrant translocation of β-catenin. In addition, Anti-proliferation and associated molecular mechanisms of hepaCAM were demonstrated by using vivo experiment. In conclusion, our reports uncover that expression of hepaCAM suppresses the proliferation of bladder cancer cells through a Wnt/β-catenin-dependent signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fei Du
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory ; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College ; Chengdu , PR China
| | - Li-Ping Ou
- b The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education ; Chongqing Medical University ; Chongqing , PR China
| | - Chang-Kun Lv
- c Department of Laboratory Medicine ; Shang qiu Medical College ; Shang qiu , PR China
| | - Xue Yang
- b The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education ; Chongqing Medical University ; Chongqing , PR China
| | - Xue-Dong Song
- b The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education ; Chongqing Medical University ; Chongqing , PR China
| | - Yan-Ru Fan
- b The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education ; Chongqing Medical University ; Chongqing , PR China
| | - Xiao-Hou Wu
- d Department of Urology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University ; Chongqing , PR China
| | - Chun-Li Luo
- b The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education ; Chongqing Medical University ; Chongqing , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Q, Zhang C, Ding X, Deng H, Zhang D, Cui W, Xu H, Wang Y, Xu W, Lv L, Zhang H, He Y, Wu Q, Szyf M, Ho CM, Zhu J. Preclinical optimization of a broad-spectrum anti-bladder cancer tri-drug regimen via the Feedback System Control (FSC) platform. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11464. [PMID: 26088171 PMCID: PMC5155572 DOI: 10.1038/srep11464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic outcomes of combination chemotherapy have not significantly advanced during the past decades. This has been attributed to the formidable challenges of optimizing drug combinations. Testing a matrix of all possible combinations of doses and agents in a single cell line is unfeasible due to the virtually infinite number of possibilities. We utilized the Feedback System Control (FSC) platform, a phenotype oriented approach to test 100 options among 15,625 possible combinations in four rounds of assaying to identify an optimal tri-drug combination in eight distinct chemoresistant bladder cancer cell lines. This combination killed between 82.86% and 99.52% of BCa cells, but only 47.47% of the immortalized benign bladder epithelial cells. Preclinical in vivo verification revealed its markedly enhanced anti-tumor efficacy as compared to its bi- or mono-drug components in cell line-derived tumor xenografts. The collective response of these pathways to component drugs was both cell type- and drug type specific. However, the entire spectrum of pathways triggered by the tri-drug regimen was similar in all four cancer cell lines, explaining its broad spectrum killing of BCa lines, which did not occur with its component drugs. Our findings here suggest that the FSC platform holdspromise for optimization of anti-cancer combination chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xianting Ding
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Anhui Cancer Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Daming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wei Cui
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wanhai Xu
- Department of Urology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Anhui Cancer Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yinghua He
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics McGill University Medical School 3655 Sir William Osler Promenade #1309, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Chih-Ming Ho
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1597, USA
| | - Jingde Zhu
- 1] Cancer Epigenetics Program, Anhui Cancer Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China [2] Cancer Epigenetics Program, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Deng H, Lv L, Li Y, Zhang C, Meng F, Pu Y, Xiao J, Qian L, Zhao W, Liu Q, Zhang D, Wang Y, Zhang H, He Y, Zhu J. miR-193a-3p regulates the multi-drug resistance of bladder cancer by targeting the LOXL4 gene and the oxidative stress pathway. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:234. [PMID: 25311867 PMCID: PMC4200202 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemoresistance is a major obstacle to the curative cancer chemotherapy and presents one of the most formidable challenges in both research and management of cancer. Results From the detailed studies of a multi-chemosensitive (5637) versus a chemoresistant (H-bc) bladder cancer cell lines, we showed that miR-193a-3p [GenBank: NR_029710.1] promotes the multi-chemoresistance of bladder cancer cells. We further demonstrated that lysyl oxidase-like 4 (LOXL4) gene [GenBank: NM_032211.6] is a direct target of miR-193a-3p and executes the former’s impact on bladder cancer chemoresistance. The Oxidative Stress pathway activity is drastically affected by a forced reversal of miR-193a-3p or LOXL4 levels in cell and may act at the downstream of LOXL4 gene to relay the miR-193a-3p’s impact on the multi-chemoresistance in both cultured cells and the tumor xenografts in nude mice. Conclusions In addition to a new mechanistic insight, our results provide a set of the essential genes in this newly identified miR-193a-3p/LOXL4/Oxidative Stress axis as the diagnostic targets for a guided anti-bladder cancer chemotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-234) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jingde Zhu
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Anhui Cancer Hospital, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lv L, Deng H, Li Y, Zhang C, Liu X, Liu Q, Zhang D, Wang L, Pu Y, Zhang H, He Y, Wang Y, Yu Y, Yu T, Zhu J. The DNA methylation-regulated miR-193a-3p dictates the multi-chemoresistance of bladder cancer via repression of SRSF2/PLAU/HIC2 expression. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1402. [PMID: 25188512 PMCID: PMC4540198 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance hinders the curative cancer chemotherapy. To define the role of the DNA methylation-regulated microRNA (miR) genes in the chemoresistance of bladder cancer, we performed both DNA methylomic and miRomic analyses of a multi-chemosensitive (5637) versus a multi-chemoresistant (H-bc) cell line and found that miR-193a-3p is hypermethylated/silenced in 5637 and hypomethylated/expressed in H-bc cells. A forced reversal of its level turned around the chemoresistance in the cultured cells and the tumor xenografts in nude mice. Three of its targets: SRSF2, PLAU and HIC2, work in concert to relay the miR-193a-3p's impact on the bladder cancer chemoresistance by modulating the activities of the following five signaling pathways: DNA damage, Notch, NF-κB, Myc/Max, and Oxidative Stress. In addition to the mechanistic insights in how the newly identified miR-193a-3p/SRSF2,PLAU,HIC2/five signaling pathway axis regulates the chemoresistance of bladder cancer cells, our study provides a new set of diagnostic targets for the guided personalized chemotherapy of bladder cancer.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/toxicity
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- DNA Damage
- DNA Methylation
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- MicroRNAs/antagonists & inhibitors
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/genetics
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress
- Plasminogen Activators/antagonists & inhibitors
- Plasminogen Activators/genetics
- Plasminogen Activators/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Ribonucleoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Ribonucleoproteins/genetics
- Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism
- Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors
- Signal Transduction
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Lv
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Anhui Cancer Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - H Deng
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Anhui Cancer Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, MHBI (Shanghai) Biotech Inc., GuiPing Road 333, Building 4/104, Shanghai Juke Biotech Park, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - D Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - L Wang
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Anhui Cancer Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Y Pu
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Anhui Cancer Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - H Zhang
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Y He
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Y Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - T Yu
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Anhui Cancer Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - J Zhu
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Anhui Cancer Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Song X, Wang Y, Du H, Fan Y, Yang X, Wang X, Wu X, Luo C. Overexpression of HepaCAM inhibits cell viability and motility through suppressing nucleus translocation of androgen receptor and ERK signaling in prostate cancer. Prostate 2014; 74:1023-33. [PMID: 24811146 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HepaCAM is suppressed in a variety of human cancers, and involved in cell adhesion, growth, migration, invasion, and survival. However, the expression and function of HepaCAM in prostate cancer are still unknown. METHODS HepaCAM expression has been detected by RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry staining in prostate cell lines RWPE-1, LNCap, DU145, PC3, and in 75 human prostate tissue specimens, respectively. Meanwhile, the cell proliferation ability was detected by WST-8 assay. The role of HepaCAM in prostate cancer cell migration and invasion was examined by wound healing and transwell assay. And flow cytometry was used to observe the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. Then we detected changes of Androgen Receptor translocation and ERK signaling using immunofluorescence staining and western blot after overexpression of HepaCAM. RESULTS The HepaCAM expression was significantly down-regulated in prostate cancer tissues and undetected in prostate cancer cells. However, the low HepaCAM expression was not statistically associated with clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer. Overexpression of HepaCAM in prostate cancer cells decreased the cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced the cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, HepaCAM prevented the androgen receptor translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and down-regulated the MAPK/ERK signaling. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that HepaCAM acted as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. HepaCAM inhibited cell viability and motility which might be through suppressing the nuclear translocation of Androgen Receptor and down-regulating the ERK signaling. Therefore, it was indicated that HepaCAM may be a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Song
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tan B, Tan J, Du H, Quan Z, Xu X, Jiang X, Luo C, Wu X. HepaCAM inhibits clear cell renal carcinoma 786-0 cell proliferation via blocking PKCε translocation from cytoplasm to plasma membrane. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 391:95-102. [PMID: 24515280 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-1991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule (HepaCAM) plays a crucial role in tumor progression and has been recognized as a novel tumor suppressor gene. The high protein expression level of protein kinase Cε (PKCε) has been discovered in many tumor types. In the present study, we determined HepaCAM and PKCε protein levels in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissues and analyzed the correlation between them. We observed an inverse relationship in the expression of HepaCAM and PKCε in ccRCC and adjacent normal tissues. In ccRCC tissue, HepaCAM expression was undetectable while PKCε expression was high; the opposite was found in the adjacent normal tissue. Western blot analysis demonstrated that PKCε cytosolic protein levels increased while plasma membrane protein levels decreased without any change in total protein following infection of the ccRCC cell line 786-0 with adenovirus-GFP-HepaCAM (Ad-GFP-HepaCAM). Moreover, the application of Ad-GFP-HepaCAM combined with a PKCε-specific translocation inhibitor (εV1-2) effectively inhibited 786-0 cell growth. Ad-mediated expression of HepaCAM in 786-0 cells reduced the levels of phosphorylated AKT and cyclin D1 and inhibited cell proliferation. In summary, our studies point to interesting connections between HepaCAM and PKCε in tissues and in vitro. HepaCAM may prevent the translocation of PKCε from cytosolic to particulate fractions, resulting in the inhibition of 786-0 cell proliferation. Therapeutic manipulation of these novel protein targets may provide new ways of treating ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Du HF, Ou LP, Song XD, Fan YR, Yang X, Tan B, Quan Z, Luo CL, Wu XH. Nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway is involved in phospholipase Cε-regulated proliferation in human renal cell carcinoma cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 389:265-75. [PMID: 24510280 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase Cε (PLCε), a downstream effector of small GTPase superfamily, has been identified to play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Previously, our studies have showed that PLCε promotes proliferation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which PLCε enhances the survival phenotype of RCC cells are still not fully instructed. In the present study, we first demonstrated that PLCε was highly expressed and had a close correlation with Ki67 protein expression in RCC tissue samples. Further, we found that downregulation of PLCε expression repressed growth and induced apoptosis in RCC cells. In addition, we reported a mechanism by which knockdown of PLCε gene potently suppressed the nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB) signaling pathway through action on inhibitor of κB kinase. Moreover, silencing PLCε gene decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, which was a downstream growth factor of NF-κB signaling pathway. Finally, downregulation of VEGF was severely enhanced by treatment cells with NF-κB specific inhibitor BAY11-7028 in PLCε knockdown cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that PLCε promotes RCC cell growth via NF-κB-mediated upregulation of VEGF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fei Du
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Du HF, Ou LP, Yang X, Song XD, Fan YR, Tan B, Luo CL, Wu XH. A new PKCα/β/TBX3/E-cadherin pathway is involved in PLCε-regulated invasion and migration in human bladder cancer cells. Cell Signal 2013; 26:580-93. [PMID: 24316392 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although PLCε has been verified to enhance bladder cancer cell invasion, the signaling pathways responsible for this remain elusive. Protein kinase C (PKCα/β), which is involved in cancer development and progression, has been demonstrated to be activated by PLCε. However, the roles of PKCα/β in PLCε-mediated bladder carcinoma cell invasion and migration have not been clearly identified. In this study, to determine what role PKCα/β plays in PLCε-mediated bladder cancer cell invasion and migration, we silenced PLCε gene by adenovirus-shPLCε in T24 and BIU-87 cells and then revealed that it significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion. Further research indicated that cell bio-function of PLCε-regulated was related with PKCα/β activity. These in vitro findings were supported by data from bladder carcinoma patient samples. In 35 case bladder cancer tumor samples, PLCε-overexpressing tumors showed significantly higher positive rates of PKCα/β membrane immunohistochemistry staining than PLCε-low-expressing tumors. Mechanistically, study further showed that PLCε knockdown gene induced E-cadherin expression and decreased TBX3 expression, both of which were dependent on PKCα/β activity. In addition, we demonstrated that treatment cells with TBX3-specific shorting hairpin RNA (shRNA) up-regulated E-cadherin expression and inhibited cell invasion/migration. Moreover, in in vivo experiment, immunohistochemistry analysis of Ad-shPLCε-infected tumor tissue showed low expression levels of phospho-PKCα/β and TBX3 and high expression levels of E-cadherin compared with those of the control group. In summary, our findings uncover that PKCα/β is critical for PLCε-mediated cancer cell invasion and migration and provide valuable insights for current and future Ad-shPLCε and PKCα/β clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Fei Du
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ping Ou
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Dong Song
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ru Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Tan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Li Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao Hou Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang Q, Luo C, Wu X, Du H, Song X, Fan Y. hepaCAM and p-mTOR Closely Correlate in Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma and hepaCAM Expression Inhibits Proliferation via an AMPK/mTOR Dependent Pathway in Human Bladder Cancer Cells. J Urol 2013; 190:1912-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University and Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (XW), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunli Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University and Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (XW), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University and Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (XW), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfei Du
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University and Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (XW), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedong Song
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University and Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (XW), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanru Fan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University and Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (XW), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|