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Wang H, Zhao M, Liu J, Liu L, Liu H, Ding N, Wen J, Wang S, Ge N, Zhang X. H 2O 2 enhances the spontaneous phasic contractions of isolated human-bladder strips via activation of TRPA1 channels on sensory nerves and the release of substance P and PGE2. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:1-8. [PMID: 37802373 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to detrusor overactivity (DO), but the underlying mechanisms are not known. Hydrogen dioxide (H2O2) is used commonly to investigate the effects of ROS. In present study, we investigated the effects of H2O2 on phasic spontaneous bladder contractions (SBCs) of isolated human-bladder strips (iHBSs) and the underlying mechanisms. Samples of bladder tissue were obtained from 26 patients undergoing cystectomy owing to bladder cancer. SBCs of iHBSs were recorded in organ-bath experiments. H2O2 (1μM-10mM) concentration-dependently increased the SBCs of iHBSs. These enhancing effects could be mimicked by an agonist of transient receptor potential (TRP)A1 channels (allyl isothiocyanate) and blocked with an antagonist of TRPA1 channels (HC030031; 10 μM). H2O2 induced enhancing effects also could be attenuated by desensitizing sensory afferents with capsaicin (10 μM), blocking nerve firing with TTX (1 μM), blocking neurokinin effects with NK2 receptor antagonist (SR48968, 10 μM), and blocking PGE2 synthesis with indomethacin (10 μM), respectively. Our study: (i) suggests activation of TRPA1 channels on bladder sensory afferents, and then release of substance P or PGE2 from sensory nerve terminals, contribute to the H2O2-induced enhancing effects on SBCs of iHBSs; (ii) provides insights for the mechanisms underlying ROS leading to DO; (iii) indicates that targeting TRPA1 channels might be the promising strategy against overactive bladder in conditions associated with excessive production of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hanwen Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiliang Wen
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shaoyong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nan Ge
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiulin Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Phelps C, Chess-Williams R, Moro C. The role of intracellular calcium and Rho kinase pathways in G protein-coupled receptor-mediated contractions of urinary bladder urothelium and lamina propria. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C787-C797. [PMID: 36689673 PMCID: PMC10027080 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00441.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The influence of extracellular and intracellular calcium on smooth muscle contractile activity varies between organs. In response to G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) stimulation, the urinary bladder detrusor muscle has shown a 70% dependence on extracellular calcium, whereas the urothelium and lamina propria (U&LP) has a 20%-50% dependence. However, as this only accounts for partial contractile activity, the contribution of intracellular calcium and calcium sensitization pathways remains unclear. This study assessed the role of intracellular signaling pathways on GPCR-mediated urinary bladder U&LP contraction. Porcine U&LP responses to activation of the Gq/11-coupled muscarinic, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), neurokinin, prostaglandin, and angiotensin II receptors were assessed with three selective inhibitors of store-released intracellular calcium, 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), and ruthenium red, and three Rho kinase inhibitors, fasudil, Y-27632, and GSK269962. There was no discernible impact on receptor agonist-induced contractions of the U&LP after blocking intracellular calcium pathways, suggesting that this tissue is more sensitive to alterations in the availability of extracellular calcium. However, an alternative mechanism of action for GPCR-mediated contraction was identified to be the activation of Rho kinase, such as when Y-27632 significantly reduced the GPCR-mediated contractile activity of the U&LP by approximately 50% (P < 0.05, n = 8). This suggests that contractile responses of the bladder U&LP do not involve a significant release of calcium from intracellular stores, but that Gq/11-coupled receptor activation causes calcium sensitization via Rho kinase. This study highlights a key role for Rho kinase in the urinary bladder, which may provide a novel target in the future pharmaceutical management of bladder contractile disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Phelps
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Russ Chess-Williams
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christian Moro
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Role of PTHrP in attenuating transient pressure rises and associated afferent nerve activity of the rat bladder. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:1077-1090. [PMID: 35907965 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) released from detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) as the bladder fills acts as an endogenous DSM relaxant to facilitate bladder storage function. Here, the effects of exogenous PTHrP on transient pressure rises (TPRs) in the bladder and associated afferent nerve activity during bladder filling were investigated. In anaesthetized rats, changes in the intravesical pressure were measured while the bladder was gradually filled with saline. Afferent nerve activity was simultaneously recorded from their centrally disconnected left pelvic nerves. In DSM strips, spontaneous and nerve-evoked contractions were isometrically recorded. The distribution of PTHrP receptors (PTHrPRs) in the bladder wall was also examined by fluorescence immunostaining. The bladders in which the contralateral pelvic nerve was also centrally disconnected developed nifedipine, an L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel blocker-sensitive TPRs (< 3 mmHg). Intravenous administration of PTHrP suppressed these TPRs and associated bursts of afferent nerve activity. In the bladders with centrally connected contralateral pelvic nerves, atropine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist-sensitive large TPRs (> 3 mmHg) developed in the late filling phase. PTHrP diminished the large TPRs and corresponding surges of afferent nerve activity. In DSM strips, bath-applied PTHrP (10 nM) suppressed spontaneous phasic contractions, while less affecting nerve-evoked contractions. PTHrPRs were expressed in DSM cells but not in intramural nerve fibers. Thus, PTHrP appears to suppress bladder TPRs and associated afferent nerve activity even under the influence of low degree of parasympathetic neural input during storage phases. Endogenous PTHrP may indirectly attenuate afferent nerve activity by suppressing TPRs to facilitate urinary accommodation.
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4
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Phelps C, Chess-Williams R, Moro C. The Dependence of Urinary Bladder Responses on Extracellular Calcium Varies Between Muscarinic, Histamine, 5-HT (Serotonin), Neurokinin, Prostaglandin, and Angiotensin Receptor Activation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:841181. [PMID: 35431993 PMCID: PMC9008219 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.841181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With many common bladder diseases arising due to abnormal contractions, a greater understanding of the receptor systems involved may aid the development of future treatments. The aim of this study was to identify any difference in the involvement of extracellular calcium (Ca2+) across prominent contractile-mediating receptors within cells lining the bladder. Strips of porcine urothelium and lamina propria were isolated from the urinary bladder dome and mounted in isolated tissue baths containing Krebs-bicarbonate solution, perfused with carbogen gas at 37°C. Tissue contractions, as well as changes to the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous activity were recorded after the addition of muscarinic, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, neurokinin-A, prostaglandin E2, and angiotensin II receptor agonists in the absence and presence of 1 µM nifedipine or nominally zero Ca2+ solution. The absence of extracellular Ca2+ influx after immersion into nominally zero Ca2+ solution, or the addition of nifedipine, significantly inhibited the contractile responses (p < 0.05 for all) after stimulation with carbachol (1 µM), histamine (100 µM), 5-hydroxytryptamine (100 µM), neurokinin-A (300 nM), prostaglandin E2 (10 µM), and angiotensin II (100 nM). On average, Ca2+ influx from extracellular sources was responsible for between 20–50% of receptor-mediated contractions. This suggests that although the specific requirement of Ca2+ on contractile responses varies depending on the receptor, extracellular Ca2+ plays a key role in mediating G protein-coupled receptor contractions of the urothelium and lamina propria.
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Mitsui R, Chikada Y, Arai K, Hashitani H. Functional nitrergic innervation of smooth muscle structures in the mucosa of pig lower urinary tract. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:513-531. [PMID: 34604930 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurally released nitric oxide (NO) functions as an inhibitory neurotransmitter of urethral but not detrusor smooth muscles while relaxing bladder vasculature and muscularis mucosae (MM). Here, the distribution of nitrergic nerves was examined in the mucosa of pig lower urinary tract using immunohistochemistry, and their vasodilatory functions were studied by measuring arteriolar diameter changes. Properties of smooth muscle cells in the lamina propria (SMC-LP) of urethra and trigone were also investigated using florescence Ca2+ imaging. In the bladder mucosa, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-immunoreactive nitrergic fibres projected to suburothelial arterioles and venules. Perivascular nitrergic nerves were intermingled with but distinct from tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive sympathetic or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive afferent nerves. MM receive a nitrergic but not sympathetic or afferent innervation. In the mucosa of urethra and trigone, nitrergic nerves were in close apposition with sympathetic or afferent nerves around suburothelial vasculature but did not project to SMC-LP. In suburothelial arterioles of bladder and urethra, N ω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA, 100 μM), an NOS inhibitor, enhanced electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced sympathetic vasoconstrictions, while tadalafil (10 nM), a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, suppressed the vasoconstrictions. SMC-LP developed asynchronous spontaneous Ca2+ transients without responding to EFS. The spontaneous Ca2+ transients were enhanced by acetylcholine (1 μM) and diminished by noradrenaline (1 μM) but not SIN-1 (10 μM), an NO donor. In the lower urinary tract mucosa, perivascular nitrergic nerves appear to counteract the sympathetic vasoconstriction to maintain the mucosal circulation. Bladder MM but not SMC-LP receive an inhibitory nitrergic innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retsu Mitsui
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Yota Chikada
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiji Arai
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hikaru Hashitani
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Daugherty SL, Beckel JM, Kim KA, Freeman BA, Liu J, Wang S, de Groat WC, Zhang X. TRP Channel Agonists Activate Different Afferent Neuromodulatory Mechanisms in Guinea Pig Urinary Bladder. Front Physiol 2021; 12:692719. [PMID: 34248678 PMCID: PMC8264756 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.692719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of TRP channels expressed in urinary bladder afferent nerves and urothelium releases neurotransmitters that influence bladder function. Experiments were undertaken to examine the mechanisms underlying effects of TRPA1 (allyl isothiocyanate, AITC), TRPV1 (capsaicin, CAPS), and TRPC (oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, OAG) agonists on guinea pig bladder activity. Effects of these agonists were compared with effects of nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2), an electrophilic nitro-fatty acid, known to activate TRPV1, TRPA1 or TRPC channels in sensory neurons. AITC (100 μM) increased (231%) area of spontaneous bladder contractions (SBCs) an effect reduced by a TRPA1 antagonist (HC3-03001, HC3, 10 μM) and reversed to inhibition by indomethacin (INDO, 500 nM) a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. The post-INDO inhibitory effect of AITC was mimicked (39% depression) by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP, 100 nM) and blocked by a CGRP antagonist (BIBN, 25 μM). CAPS (1 μM) suppressed SBCs by 30% in 81% of strips, an effect blocked by a TRPV1 antagonist (diarylpiperazine, 1 μM) or BIBN. SBCs were suppressed by OA-NO2 (30 μM, 21% in 77% of strips) or by OAG (50 μM, 30%) an effect blocked by BIBN. OA-NO2 effects were not altered by HC3 or diarylpiperazine. OA-NO2 also induced excitation in 23% of bladder strips. These observations raise the possibility that guinea pig bladder is innervated by at least two types of afferent nerves: [1] Type A express TRPA1 receptors that induce the release of prostaglandins and excite the detrusor, [2] Type B express TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPC receptors and release CGRP that inhibits the detrusor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Daugherty
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Beckel
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kyoungeun A. Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bruce A. Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shaoyong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - William C. de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Xiulin Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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7
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Lim I, Mitsui R, Kameda M, Sellers DJ, Chess-Williams R, Hashitani H. Comparative effects of angiotensin II on the contractility of muscularis mucosae and detrusor in the pig urinary bladder. Neurourol Urodyn 2020; 40:102-111. [PMID: 33074588 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To explore contractile actions of angiotensin II (ATII) on the muscularis mucosae (MM) of the bladder, ATII-induced contractions were compared between MM and the detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) of the pig bladder by isometric tension recordings. Effects of ATII on spontaneous Ca2+ transients in MM were visualized using Cal-520 fluorescence. ATII receptor type 1 (ATR1) expression in MM and DSM was also examined by immunohistochemistry. ATII (1 nM-1 μM) caused phasic contractions of MM in a concentration-dependent manner, while ATII (10 nM-10 μM) had no or marginal effects on DSM contractility. ATII (100 nM)-induced MM contractions had an amplitude of approximately 70% of carbachol (1 μM)-induced or 90% of U46619 (100 nM)-induced contractions. Candesartan (10 nM), an ATR1 blocker, prevented the contractile effects of ATII (1 nM) in MM, while ATR1 immunofluorescence was greater in MM than DSM. ATII (10-100 pM) increased the frequency but not the amplitude of spontaneous Ca2+ transients in MM. Both urothelium-intact and -denuded MM strips developed comparable spontaneous phasic contractions, but ATII, carbachol and U46619-induced contractions were significantly larger in urothelium-denuded than urothelium-intact MM strips. In conclusion, the MM appears to have a much greater sensitivity to ATII compared with DSM that could well sense circulating ATII, suggesting that MM may be the predominant target of contractile actions induced by ATII in the bladder while the urothelium appears to inhibit MM contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Lim
- Center for Urology, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Retsu Mitsui
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Kameda
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Donna Jayne Sellers
- Center for Urology, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Russ Chess-Williams
- Center for Urology, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hikaru Hashitani
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Dalghi MG, Montalbetti N, Carattino MD, Apodaca G. The Urothelium: Life in a Liquid Environment. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:1621-1705. [PMID: 32191559 PMCID: PMC7717127 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The urothelium, which lines the renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, and proximal urethra, forms a high-resistance but adaptable barrier that surveils its mechanochemical environment and communicates changes to underlying tissues including afferent nerve fibers and the smooth muscle. The goal of this review is to summarize new insights into urothelial biology and function that have occurred in the past decade. After familiarizing the reader with key aspects of urothelial histology, we describe new insights into urothelial development and regeneration. This is followed by an extended discussion of urothelial barrier function, including information about the roles of the glycocalyx, ion and water transport, tight junctions, and the cellular and tissue shape changes and other adaptations that accompany expansion and contraction of the lower urinary tract. We also explore evidence that the urothelium can alter the water and solute composition of urine during normal physiology and in response to overdistension. We complete the review by providing an overview of our current knowledge about the urothelial environment, discussing the sensor and transducer functions of the urothelium, exploring the role of circadian rhythms in urothelial gene expression, and describing novel research tools that are likely to further advance our understanding of urothelial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela G Dalghi
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicolas Montalbetti
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marcelo D Carattino
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gerard Apodaca
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Fry CH, Chakrabarty B, Hashitani H, Andersson KE, McCloskey K, Jabr RI, Drake MJ. New targets for overactive bladder-ICI-RS 2109. Neurourol Urodyn 2020; 39 Suppl 3:S113-S121. [PMID: 31737931 PMCID: PMC8114459 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To review evidence for novel drug targets that can manage overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. METHODS A think tank considered evidence from the literature and their own research experience to propose new drug targets in the urinary bladder to characterize their use to treat OAB. RESULTS Five classes of agents or cellular pathways were considered. (a) Cyclic nucleotide-dependent (cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate) pathways that modulate adenosine triphosphate release from motor nerves and urothelium. (b) Novel targets for β3 agonists, including the bladder wall vasculature and muscularis mucosa. (c) Several TRP channels (TRPV1 , TRPV4 , TRPA1 , and TRPM4 ) and their modulators in affecting detrusor overactivity. (d) Small conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ channels and their influence on spontaneous contractions. (e) Antifibrosis agents that act to modulate directly or indirectly the TGF-β pathway-the canonical fibrosis pathway. CONCLUSIONS The specificity of action remains a consideration if particular classes of agents can be considered for future development as receptors or pathways that mediate actions of the above mentioned potential agents are distributed among most organ systems. The tasks are to determine more detail of the pathological changes that occur in the OAB and how the specificity of potential drugs may be directed to bladder pathological changes. An important conclusion was that the storage, not the voiding, phase in the micturition cycle should be investigated and potential targets lie in the whole range of tissue in the bladder wall and not just detrusor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Henry Fry
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Basu Chakrabarty
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hikaru Hashitani
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Karl-Erik Andersson
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Karen McCloskey
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Rita I. Jabr
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Speich JE, Tarcan T, Hashitani H, Vahabi B, McCloskey KD, Andersson KE, Wein AJ, Birder LA. Are oxidative stress and ischemia significant causes of bladder damage leading to lower urinary tract dysfunction? Report from the ICI-RS 2019. Neurourol Urodyn 2020; 39 Suppl 3:S16-S22. [PMID: 32056281 PMCID: PMC9794413 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several studies indicate that pelvic ischemia and oxidative stress may play a significant role in lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD), including detrusor overactivity (DO)/overactive bladder (OAB) and detrusor underactivity (DU)/underactive bladder (UAB). The present article addresses proposal 1: "Are oxidative stress and ischemia significant causes of bladder damage leading to LUTD?" from the 2019 International Consultation on Incontinence-Research Society (ICI-RS) meeting. Bladder ischemia in animals and humans is briefly described, along with the proposed progression from ischemia to LUTD. Bladder ischemia is compared with ischemia of other organs, and the ongoing development of pelvic ischemia animal models is discussed. In addition, the distribution of blood within the bladder during filling and voiding and the challenges of quantification of blood flow in vivo are described. Furthermore, oxidative stress, including potential biomarkers and treatments, and challenges regarding antioxidant therapy for the treatment of LUTD are discussed. Finally, seven critical research questions and proposed studies to answer those questions were identified as priorities that would lead to major advances in the understanding and treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)/LUTD associated with pelvic ischemia and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Speich
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tufan Tarcan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hikaru Hashitani
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Bahareh Vahabi
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of West England, Bristol, UK
| | - Karen D. McCloskey
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Karl-Erik Andersson
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alan J. Wein
- Perlman School of Medicine, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Lori A. Birder
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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11
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Serdinšek T, Lipovšek S, Leitinger G, But I, Stožer A, Dolenšek J. A Novel in situ Approach to Studying Detrusor Smooth Muscle Cells in Mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2685. [PMID: 32060298 PMCID: PMC7021722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to develop a novel approach to investigating mouse detrusor smooth muscle cell (SMC) physiological activity, utilizing an acute tissue dissection technique and confocal calcium imaging. The bladder of a sacrificed adult female NMRI mouse was dissected. We used light and transmission electron microscopy to assess morphology of SMCs within the tissue. Calcium imaging in individual SMCs was performed using confocal microscopy during stimulation with increasing concentrations of carbamylcholine (CCh). SMCs were identified according to their morphology and calcium activity. We determined several parameters describing the SMC responses: delays to response, recruitment, relative activity, and contraction of the tissue. CCh stimulation revealed three different SMC phenotypes: spontaneously active SMCs with and without CCh-enhanced activity and SMCs with CCh-induced activity only. SMCs were recruited into an active state in response to CCh-stimulation within a narrow range (1-25 µM); causing activation of virtually all SMCs. Maximum calcium activity of SMCs was at about 25 µM, which coincided with a visible tissue contraction. Finally, we observed shorter time lags before response onsets with higher CCh concentrations. In conclusion, our novel in situ approach proved to be a robust and reproducible method to study detrusor SMC morphology and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Serdinšek
- Department of General Gynaecology and Urogynaecology, Clinic for Gynaecology and Perinatology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Saša Lipovšek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.,Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, University of Maribor, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.,Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Igor But
- Department of General Gynaecology and Urogynaecology, Clinic for Gynaecology and Perinatology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Stožer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Jurij Dolenšek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia. .,Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
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12
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Lai NK, Martinez D. Physiological roles of parathyroid hormone-related protein. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2019; 90:510-516. [PMID: 31910177 PMCID: PMC7233781 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i4.7715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) is widely expressed in a variety of normal fetal and adult tissues. Aim of work: Review of these normal physiologic functions of PTHrP in each of these tissues. Method: Performed literature search on pubmed on articles related to PTHrP and physiologic roles. Results: PTHrP is expressed in wide range of sites in the body with roles including relaxation of vessels and smooth muscle cells, and regulation of development. PTHrP also mediates humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. PTHrP can be falsely elevated in benign conditions. Lastly, PTHrP has a pharmacological role in osteoporosis treatment. Conclusions: PTHrP has many various physiological roles besides mediating humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Hayashi T, Hashitani H, Takeya M, Uemura KI, Nakamura KI, Igawa T. Properties of SK3 channel-expressing PDGFRα (+) cells in the rodent urinary bladder. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 860:172552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mitsui R, Lee K, Uchiyama A, Hayakawa S, Kinoshita F, Kajioka S, Eto M, Hashitani H. Contractile elements and their sympathetic regulations in the pig urinary bladder: a species and regional comparative study. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:373-387. [PMID: 31446446 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Contractile behaviour of the urinary bladder and its sympathetic inhibition during storage phases are not well understood. Here, we explore muscularis mucosae (MM) as a predominant mucosal contractile element and the capability of sympathetic nerves to relax detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) or MM. Distribution of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-immunoreactive cells was compared in pig, human, guinea pig, rat and mouse bladders by immunohistochemistry, while contractility of the bladder mucosa was compared in these species by isometric tension recordings. In pig, human and guinea pig bladders, DSM and MM located in the lamina propria expressed α-SMA immunoreactivity, while both rat and mouse bladders lacked a MM. Consistent with this presence or absence of MM, bladder mucosa of pig, human and guinea pig but not rat and mouse developed spontaneous phasic contractions (SPCs). Distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive sympathetic nerve fibres was compared in pig DSM, MM, trigone and urethra, as were their sympathetic nerve-evoked contractile/relaxing responses examined. In pig DSM or MM, where TH-immunoreactive sympathetic fibres exclusively projected to the vasculature, sympathetic relaxations were difficult to demonstrate. In contrast, sympathetic contractions were invariably evoked in pig trigone and urethra where the smooth muscle cells receive TH-immunoreactive sympathetic innervations. Thus, SPCs of bladder mucosa appear to predominantly arise from the MM displaying species differences. Despite the currently accepted concept of sympathetic nerve-mediated DSM relaxation during the storage phase, it is unlikely that neurally released noradrenaline acts on β-adrenoceptors to relax either DSM or MM due to the anatomical lack of sympathetic innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retsu Mitsui
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Ken Lee
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Aoi Uchiyama
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Shunta Hayakawa
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Fumio Kinoshita
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunichi Kajioka
- Department of Applied Urology and Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hikaru Hashitani
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
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15
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Drake MJ, Fry CH, Hashitani H, Kirschner-Hermanns R, Rahnama'i MS, Speich JE, Tomoe H, Kanai AJ, McCloskey KD. What are the origins and relevance of spontaneous bladder contractions? ICI-RS 2017. Neurourol Urodyn 2018; 37:S13-S19. [PMID: 29360173 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Storage phase bladder activity is a counter-intuitive observation of spontaneous contractions. They are potentially an intrinsic feature of the smooth muscle, but interstitial cells in the mucosa and the detrusor itself, as well as other muscular elements in the mucosa may substantially influence them. They are identified in several models explaining lower urinary tract dysfunction. METHODS A consensus meeting at the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society (ICI-RS) 2017 congress considered the origins and relevance of spontaneous bladder contractions by debating which cell type(s) modulate bladder spontaneous activity, whether the methodologies are sufficiently robust, and implications for healthy and abnormal lower urinary tract function. RESULTS The identified research priorities reflect a wide range of unknown aspects. Cellular contributions to spontaneous contractions in detrusor smooth muscle are still uncertain. Accordingly, insight into the cellular physiology of the bladder wall, particularly smooth muscle cells, interstitial cells, and urothelium, remains important. Upstream influences, such as innervation, endocrine, and paracrine factors, are particularly important. The cellular interactions represent the key understanding to derive the integrative physiology of organ function, notably the nature of signalling between mucosa and detrusor layers. Indeed, it is still not clear to what extent spontaneous contractions generated in isolated preparations mirror their normal and pathological counterparts in the intact bladder. Improved models of how spontaneous contractions influence pressure generation and sensory nerve function are also needed. CONCLUSIONS Deriving approaches to robust evaluation of spontaneous contractions and their influences for experimental and clinical use could yield considerable progress in functional urology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Drake
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher H Fry
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hikaru Hashitani
- Department of Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ruth Kirschner-Hermanns
- Neuro-Urology/Urology, University Clinic, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University Bonn and Neurological Rehabilitation Center Godeshöhe, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - John E Speich
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hikaru Tomoe
- Department of Urology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anthony J Kanai
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen D McCloskey
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Lee K, Isogai A, Antoh M, Kajioka S, Eto M, Hashitani H. Role of K + channels in regulating spontaneous activity in the muscularis mucosae of guinea pig bladder. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 818:30-37. [PMID: 29050967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To explore the roles of various K+ channels in regulating the spontaneous activity of bladder muscularis mucosae (MM) that is considered to play an important role in maintaining mucosal function. Effects of K+ channel modulators on electrical and contractile activity in the guinea-pig bladder MM were examined using intracellular microelectrode and isometric tension recording. The MM predominately generated bursting spontaneous action potentials (SAPs) and phasic contractions (SPCs) that were blocked by nifedipine (1µM). NS309 (10µM), a small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channel opener, dramatically prolonged after-hyperpolarisation (AHP) and converted bursting SAPs into individually action potentials in an apamin (100nM)-sensitive manner. Apamin alone increased the number of SAPs during bursts. NS1619 (10µM), a large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel opener, abolished SAPs in a manner reversed by iberiotoxin (IbTX, 100nM), a BK channel blocker. IbTX alone enlarged SAPs and abolished their AHPs. Flupirtine (10µM), a voltage-dependent K+ channel (Kv7) opener, diminished SAPs in a manner reversed by XE991 (10µM), a Kv7 channel blocker. XE991 alone exerted modest excitatory effects on SAPs. These K+ channel modulators had corresponding effects on SPCs. Bursting SAP firing appears to result from a lower level activation of SK channels in MM than that DSM. BK channels play a predominant role in regulating SAP configuration, while Kv7 channels have only a marginal role. The prevention of bursting SAPs and associated reduction in SPCs upon the pharmacological activation of a reserved population of SK channels may well have a considerable therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Lee
- Department of Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Ayu Isogai
- Department of Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Minori Antoh
- Department of Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shunichi Kajioka
- Department of Applied Urology and Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hikaru Hashitani
- Department of Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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This Month in Investigative Urology. J Urol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Isogai A, Lee K, Mitsui R, Hashitani H. Functional coupling of TRPV4 channels and BK channels in regulating spontaneous contractions of the guinea pig urinary bladder. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1573-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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