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Bailey C, Howell M, Raghunandan R, Salisbury A, Chen G, Coast J, Craig JC, Devlin NJ, Huynh E, Lancsar E, Mulhern BJ, Norman R, Petrou S, Ratcliffe J, Street DJ, Howard K, Viney R. Preference Elicitation Techniques Used in Valuing Children's Health-Related Quality-of-Life: A Systematic Review. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2022; 40:663-698. [PMID: 35619044 PMCID: PMC9270310 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-022-01149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Valuing children's health states for use in economic evaluations is globally relevant and is of particular relevance in jurisdictions where a cost-utility analysis is the preferred form of analysis for decision making. Despite this, the challenges with valuing child health mean that there are many remaining questions for debate about the approach to elicitation of values. The aim of this paper was to identify and describe the methods used to value children's health states and the specific issues that arise in the use of these methods. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of electronic databases to identify studies published in English since 1990 that used preference elicitation methods to value child and adolescent (under 18 years of age) health states. Eligibility criteria comprised valuation studies concerning both child-specific patient-reported outcome measures and child health states defined in other ways, and methodological studies of valuation approaches that may or may not have yielded a value set algorithm. RESULTS A total of 77 eligible studies were identified from which data on country setting, aims, condition (general population or clinically specific), sample size, age of respondents, the perspective that participants were asked to adopt, source of values (respondents who completed the preference elicitation tasks) and methods questions asked were extracted. Extracted data were classified and evaluated using narrative synthesis methods. The studies were classified into three groups: (1) studies comparing elicitation methods (n = 30); (2) studies comparing perspectives (n = 23); and (3) studies where no comparisons were presented (n = 26); selected studies could fall into more than one group. Overall, the studies varied considerably both in methods used and in reporting. The preference elicitation tasks included time trade-off, standard gamble, visual analogue scaling, rating/ranking, discrete choice experiments, best-worst scaling and willingness to pay elicited through a contingent valuation. Perspectives included adults' considering the health states from their own perspective, adults taking the perspective of a child (own, other, hypothetical) and a child/adolescent taking their own or the perspective of another child. There was some evidence that children gave lower values for comparable health states than did adults that adopted their own perspective or adult/parents that adopted the perspective of children. CONCLUSIONS Differences in reporting limited the conclusions that can be formed about which methods are most suitable for eliciting preferences for children's health and the influence of differing perspectives and values. Difficulties encountered in drawing conclusions from the data (such as lack of consensus and poor reporting making it difficult for users to choose and interpret available values) suggest that reporting guidelines are required to improve the consistency and quality of reporting of studies that value children's health using preference-based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cate Bailey
- Health Economics Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Martin Howell
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rakhee Raghunandan
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amber Salisbury
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gang Chen
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanna Coast
- Health Economics Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jonathan C Craig
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nancy J Devlin
- Centre for Health Policy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Huynh
- Department of Health Services and Policy Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Emily Lancsar
- Department of Health Services and Policy Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Brendan J Mulhern
- Centre for Health Economics, Research and Evaluation (CHERE), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Norman
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stavros Petrou
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julie Ratcliffe
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Deborah J Street
- Centre for Health Economics, Research and Evaluation (CHERE), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirsten Howard
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosalie Viney
- Centre for Health Economics, Research and Evaluation (CHERE), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Henstock L, Wong R, Tsuchiya A, Spencer A. Behavioral Theories That Have Influenced the Way Health State Preferences Are Elicited and Interpreted: A Bibliometric Mapping Analysis of the Time Trade-Off Method With VOSviewer Visualization. FRONTIERS IN HEALTH SERVICES 2022; 2:848087. [PMID: 36925791 PMCID: PMC10012726 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2022.848087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this paper is to develop an understanding of how behavioral theories have influenced the way preferences for health-related quality of life are elicited and interpreted. We focus on the Time Trade-off (TTO) method given it represents the quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) concept-that survival in less-than-full health can be deemed equivalent to a shorter survival in full health. To our knowledge this is the first review using a combination of systematic scoping review, bibliometrics and VOSviewer visualization to map the development of ideas in health economics. Methods A priori, we selected three behavioral theories to explore within our review, referred to here as Expected Utility Theory, Non-Expected Utility Theory and Probabilistic Choice Theory. A fourth topic, Order Effects, is defined broadly to encompass behavioral theories around timing/sequence of events. For the main search, Scopus was used to identify literature that had (a) elicited TTO values and/or (b) contributed to the way TTO values were elicited and interpreted, from inception to July 2021. Papers that focused on the latter category were given the label "behavioral" and underwent additional analyses. A two stage-screening was applied to assess eligibility. Co-citation, co-authorship and co-occurrence of keywords was used to chart the development of TTO over time. Results A total of 1,727 records were retrieved from Scopus and were supplemented by an additional 188 papers. There were 856 applied and 280 behavioral papers included in the final corpus, with the behavioral set split equally into four sets of 70 papers to chart the development of keywords over time: (1) 1972-1999; (2) 2000-2010, (3) 2010-2015 and (4) 2015-2021. Discussion The keyword analysis suggested that whilst some ideas transition quickly from economic theory to the TTO literature, such as the impact of Order Effects, others take longer to be assimilated, for example Non-Expected Utility models or failure of constant discounting. It is therefore important that researchers within health economics work more closely with those in mainstream economics and keep abreast of the wider economics and behavioral sciences to expedite the uptake of new and relevant ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Henstock
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Wong
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Aki Tsuchiya
- Department of Economics and School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Spencer
- Department of Health and Community Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Shaker MS, Mosnaim G, Oppenheimer J, Stukus D, Abrams EM, Greenhawt M. Health and Economic Outcomes of Home Maintenance Allergen Immunotherapy in Select Patients with High Health Literacy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis During Exceptional Times. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2020; 8:2310-2321.e4. [PMID: 32417446 PMCID: PMC7224677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is safe and effective but is typically administered under strict clinic observation to mitigate the risk of a systemic reaction to immunotherapy (SRIT). However, in the setting of the global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, alternative care models should be explored. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of home immunotherapy self-administration (HITSA) in a highly idealized circumstance for provision of maintenance AIT in a shelter-in-place or other scenarios of unforeseen reduction in nonessential medical services. METHODS Markov modeling was used to compare in-office clinic AIT in selected patients using cohort analysis and microsimulation from the societal and health care perspectives. RESULTS Assuming similar SRIT rates, HITSA was found to be a cost-effective option with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $44,554/quality-adjusted life-year when considering both incremental epinephrine autoinjector costs and coronavirus disease 2019 risks. Excluding epinephrine autoinjector costs, HISTA dominated other options. However, outside of pandemic considerations, HITSA was not cost-effective (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, $198,877,286) at annual epinephrine autoinjector costs above $287. As the incremental HITSA SRIT rate increased above 15%, clinic AIT was the most cost-effective strategy. Excluding both pandemic risks and risk of motor vehicle accident fatality from round-trip clinic transit, clinic AIT dominated other strategies. Clinic AIT was the more cost-effective option at very high fatality relative risk for HITSA or at very low annual risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019. CONCLUSIONS Under idealized assumptions HITSA can be a safe and cost-effective option during a global pandemic in appropriately selected patients provided home rates of SRIT remain stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus S Shaker
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Section of Allergy and Immunology, Lebanon, NH, and Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH
| | - Giselle Mosnaim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Ill
| | | | - David Stukus
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Elissa M Abrams
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Matthew Greenhawt
- Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.
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Adejare AA, Eckman MH. Automated Tool for Health Utility Assessments: The Gambler II. MDM Policy Pract 2020; 5:2381468320914307. [PMID: 32215320 PMCID: PMC7081474 DOI: 10.1177/2381468320914307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The Gambler II is a web-based utility assessment tool supporting visual analogue scale (VAS), standard gamble (SG), and time trade-off (TTO) utility assessments. It contains novel features, including an easy to use project development authoring tool and use of multimedia clips for health state descriptions. Objectives. Evaluate the usability and understandability of the patient-facing side of The Gambler. Investigate the feasibility of using The Gambler and evaluate its impact on patient knowledge regarding the relevant health states. Materials and Methods. We used The Gambler to assess utilities on a convenience sample of 55 users for common long-term complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus: diabetic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic foot infection requiring transmetatarsal amputation. Using VAS, SG, and TTO, we collected metadata, such as time spent on each assessment and the entire assessment process. We evaluated usability with an adaptation of the System Usability Scale survey and understandability. We evaluated impact on knowledge gained through knowledge assessments about these complications before and after use of The Gambler. Results. Overall satisfaction with The Gambler was high, 4.02 on a 5-point scale. Usability rated highly at 84.93 on a normalized scale between 0 and 100. Knowledge scores increased significantly following use of The Gambler from pretest mean of 68% to posttest mean of 76% (P < 0.01). Average time using the software: ∼7½ minutes. Conclusions. The Gambler is an easy to use and understand computer-based tool for utility assessment. It is feasible to use within clinical encounters to support shared decision making, and it has unique features that make it a powerful tool for investigators interested in research on health utilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeboye A. Adejare
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mark H. Eckman
- Division of General Internal Medicine and the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Shaker M, Greenhawt M. A primer on cost-effectiveness in the allergy clinic. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019; 123:120-128.e1. [PMID: 31128234 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a cost-effectiveness primer for the practicing allergist. DATA SOURCES Articles assessing use of decision analysis and cost-effective healthcare delivery. STUDY SELECTIONS A narrative review detailing approaches to incorporate evidence based medicine into individualized patient-centered cost-effective practice. RESULTS Resources in medicine are finite and it has been estimated that more than 30% of healthcare spending is directed toward low-value care. Insurers and government agencies are increasingly looking to maximize health value. Cost-effective analyses (CEA) is a complex valuation that grades health outcomes and economic benefits of a specific aspect of clinical care over a particular time horizon. In the US, therapies are generally considered cost-effective at ceilings between $50,000 - $150,000 per QALY. Critical components of CEA include model development to accurately represent clinical decisions and outcomes, evidence-based inputs, appropriate sensitivity analyses, and clarity in selecting the target population, perspective, comparators, time horizon, discount rate, and health outcomes. CEA can better inform trade-offs in patient care and add clarity in the translation of evidence to medical recommendations. Future research is likely to provide a more complete understanding of variation across population health state utilities for allergic conditions to more accurately reflect quality adjusted life years for patients with allergies. CONCLUSION Viewing healthcare options through an economic lens has become the standard of care across the United States and internationally, whether mandated through government agencies or third party payers. Decision analysis with cost-utility models can provide a useful perspective for both individual practice and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Shaker
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Section of Allergy and Immunology, Lebanon, New Hampshire; Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire.
| | - Matthew Greenhawt
- Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, Food Challenge and Research Unit, Aurora, Colorado
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Shahjouei S, Vafaei Sadr A, Khorasani S, Nejat F, Habibi Z, Akbari Sari A. Utility Measures in Pediatric Temporary Health States: Comparison of Prone Positioning Valuation Through 5 Assessment Tools. Value Health Reg Issues 2019; 18:97-105. [PMID: 30897544 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL or utility) is a complex issue especially in children with temporary health states. OBJECTIVES To assess the utility of prone positioning as a prophylactic postsurgical approach with the aid of 5 frequently used general instruments. METHODS Visual analogue scale (VAS), time trade-off (TTO), modified TTO (m-TTO), standard gamble (SG), and chain of gambles (ChGs) instruments and interview with the parent caregivers were used to measure the HRQOL (utility value) of patients who were admitted in the surgical wards of Children's Medical Center Hospital between July and November 2015. RESULTS A total of 74 parent caregivers with a mean age of 30.48 ± 6.66 years were enrolled. On the basis of the Gaussian model of the repeated VAS measures, we classified the behavior of the participants into 4 clusters. Cumulative study of all these clusters demonstrated that TTO has the highest utility measure for prone positioning (0.682 ± 0.359), whereas the lowest utility value was measured by VAS2 (0.132 ± 0.569). In addition, all VAS measures underestimated the preferences. Overall, values of TTO, m-TTO, and ChGs remained consistent through each of these 4 clusters (intracluster consistency) and within each cluster (intercluster consistency). The adopted utility value of prone positioning based on these 3 instruments was estimated as 0.68 ± 0.21. CONCLUSIONS We recommended a model for assessment of HRQOL in children with temporary health states to overcome the challenges of each isolated instrument and used this model to measure the utility value of prone positioning in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Shahjouei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Medical Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Vafaei Sadr
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Theoretical Physics and Center for Astroparticle Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Soheila Khorasani
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Nejat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Medical Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Habibi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Medical Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbari Sari
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Computer-Assessed Preference-Based Quality of Life in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4543610. [PMID: 28948166 PMCID: PMC5602611 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4543610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Our aims were to (1) measure quality of life (QoL) in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients using different methods and analyze differences; (2) enable targeted treatments by identifying variables that affect QoL; and (3) provide decision-makers with useful data for cost-utility analyses in SCI population. Methods Seventy-one participants were enrolled. The computer-based tool UceWeb was used to elicit QoL in terms of utility coefficients, through the standard gamble, time trade-off, and rating scale methods. The SF36 questionnaire was also administered. Statistical analyses were performed to find predictors of QoL among collected variables. Results Median values for rating scale, time trade-off, and standard gamble were 0.60, 0.82, and 0.85, respectively. All scales were significantly correlated. Rating scale and SF36 provided similar values, significantly lower than the other methods. Impairment level, male gender, older age, living alone, and higher education were correlated with lower QoL but accounted for only 20% of the variation in utility coefficients. Conclusions Demographic and clinical variables are useful to predict QoL but do not completely capture utility coefficients variability. Therefore, direct preference-based utility elicitation should be strengthened. Finally, this is the first study providing data that can be used as a reference for cost-utility analyses in the Italian SCI population.
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Carroll AE, Saha C, Ofner S, Downs SM. Valuing health for oneself versus one's child or elderly parent. J Health Psychol 2017; 24:1965-1975. [PMID: 28810465 DOI: 10.1177/1359105317712574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if adults value health states or are willing to accept risk differently for themselves than for their children or elderly parents. Participants (701) were asked to rate four hypothetical health states for themselves using both the standard gamble and time trade-off methodologies. They then did the same assessments for a real or hypothetical child as well as an elderly parent. Participants were willing to take more risk or trade more years of life to avoid bilateral vision loss and mental impairment for themselves than they were for their children and elderly parents.
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