1
|
Paján-Jiménez V, Pazmiño-Rodríguez FD, Roldán-Santiago P, Dutro-Aceves A, de la Cruz-Cruz LA, Larrondo C. Effects of different load weights on the work performance and physiological and hematobiochemical responses in working water buffalo. Vet World 2023; 16:2349-2357. [PMID: 38152270 PMCID: PMC10750744 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2349-2357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Working animals are important in agriculture because they play a role in various agricultural activities, including milk and meat production. Thus, they contribute to the development of rural communities. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different load weights on the work performance and the physiological and hematological responses of working water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Materials and Methods The work performances of 12 buffaloes (average weight 782.16 ± 21.62 kg) transporting 200, 350, and 500 kg of African palm fruits in metal baskets placed on their backs were evaluated. Work performance variables evaluated immediately after work were as follows: total number of trips (n), total weight (kg), distance traveled (km/day), working period (h), stopped time (h), and average speed (km/h). In addition, we evaluated physiological, biochemical, and hematological variables at three different times: before the start of work, immediately after work, and on the rest day. Results Among the load weights, 500 kg (total load carried = 4,138.88 kg) improved work efficiency compared to 200 kg loads (total load = 3,322.22 kg) (p = 0.0281). However, 500 kg loads resulted in slower average speed (2.4 km, p = 0.0164), shorter working period (2.39 h, p < 0.0001) and distance traveled (7.29 km, p < 0.0001), and less total number of trips (8.27 trips, p < 0.0001) compared to 350 and 200 kg load weights (3.45 and 3.52 km/h, 2.55 and 2.79 h, 8.71 and 9.75 km, 10.94 and 16.61 trips, respectively); and the heaviest loads resulted in significantly higher (p < 0.005) respiratory rate, pulse, heart rate, rectal temperature, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, total protein, white blood cell count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. In contrast, was associated with lower levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit compared to lower loads. All differences were more pronounced in 500 kg (p < 0.005) compared to 200 kg loads. Conclusion Working buffaloes responded to work related to the transport of African palm fruits through various physiological, biochemical, and hematological changes. However, some variables remained close to the reference values reported in the literature for water buffaloes, and in general, all variables were reestablished during the rest day, indicating that these animals have adapted to working conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Visoky Paján-Jiménez
- 1. Maestría en Producción Animal, Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Ecuador
| | - Fernando David Pazmiño-Rodríguez
- Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ecuador, Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Carrera de Ingeniería Forestal
| | - Patricia Roldán-Santiago
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad, Colonia, C.U. C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Anna Dutro-Aceves
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad del Valle de México-Coyoacán, Calzada de Tlalpan 04910, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Alberto de la Cruz-Cruz
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad del Valle de México-Coyoacán, Calzada de Tlalpan 04910, Ciudad de México, México
- Preservación del Bienestar Animal/Manejo de la Fauna Silvestre, Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Ciudad de México, 04960, México
| | - Cristian Larrondo
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Viña del Mar, Chile
- AWEC Advisors S.L. Parc de Recerca Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, España
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Interdonato L, Ferrario G, Cordaro M, D'Amico R, Siracusa R, Fusco R, Impellizzeri D, Cuzzocrea S, Aldini G, Di Paola R. Targeting Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Inflammatory Pain: The Role of Polyphenols from Thinned Apples. Molecules 2023; 28:5376. [PMID: 37513248 PMCID: PMC10385557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet can modulate the different stages of inflammation due to the presence of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. Apples are a great source of phenolic compounds that show anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and these might be used as a dietary supplement and/or functional element in the treatment of chronic inflammatory illnesses. The aim of our study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions of thinned apple polyphenol (TAP) extracts in a model of paw edema. The experimental model was induced in rats via subplantar injections of 1% λ-Carrageenan (CAR) in the right hind leg, and TAP extract was administered via oral gavage 30 min before and 1 h after the CAR injection at doses of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively. The inflammatory response is usually quantified by the increase in the size of the paw (edema), which is maximal about 5 h after the injection of CAR. CAR-induced inflammation generates the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the inflammatory state induces the pain that involves the peripheral nociceptors, but above all it acts centrally at the level of the spinal cord. Our results showed that the TAP extracts reduced paw histological changes, neutrophil infiltration, mast cell degranulation, and oxidative stress. Additionally, the oral administration of TAP extracts decreased thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, along with a reduction in spinal microglia and the markers of nociception. In conclusion, we demonstrate that TAP extract is able to modulate inflammatory, oxidative, and painful processes, and is also useful in the treatment of the symptoms associated with paw edema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrario
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maurício LS, Leme DP, Hötzel MJ. How to Understand Them? A Review of Emotional Indicators in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 126:104249. [PMID: 36806715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Stabled horses often experience negative emotions due to the inappropriate living conditions imposed by humans. However, identifying what emotions horses experience and what can trigger positive and negative emotions in stabled horses can be challenging. In this article we present a brief history of the study of emotions and models that explain emotions from a scientific point of view and the physiological bases and functions of emotions. We then review and discuss physiological and behavioral indicators and cognitive bias tests developed to assess emotions in horses. Hormone concentrations, body temperature, the position of the ears, facial expressions and behaviors, such as approach and avoidance behaviors, can provide valuable information about emotional states in horses. The cognitive bias paradigm is a recent and robust tool to assess emotions in horses. Knowing how to evaluate the intensity and frequency of an individual's emotions can guide horse owners and caretakers to identify practices and activities that should be stimulated, avoided or even banned from the individual's life, in favor of a life worth living. The development and validation of novel indicators of emotions considering positive and negative contexts can help in these actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Santos Maurício
- Laboratory of Applied Ethology and Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Denise Pereira Leme
- Laboratory of Applied Ethology and Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria José Hötzel
- Laboratory of Applied Ethology and Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peritore AF, Franco GA, Molinari F, Arangia A, Interdonato L, Marino Y, Cuzzocrea S, Gugliandolo E, Britti D, Crupi R. Effect of Pesticide Vinclozolin Toxicity Exposure on Cardiac Oxidative Stress and Myocardial Damage. TOXICS 2023; 11:473. [PMID: 37368573 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Vinclozolin is a popular fungicide used in fruit, ornamental plants, and vegetable crops. It has recently been seen that prolonged exposure to VZN can cause human or animal health damage to various organs, but little is known to date about its cardiovascular effects. In this study, we addressed the chronic effects of VZN on the myocardium and the enzymes involved in the cardiovascular function. (2) Methods: The animals were divided into four groups: group 1 served as the control, group 2 received 1 mg/kg of VZN by gavage, group 3 received 30 mg/kg of VZN by gavage, and group 4 received 100 mg/kg of VZN by gavage, for 30 days. (3) Results: Results showed that 100 mg/kg VZN markedly increased the plasma concentration of cardiac markers (CK-MB, cTnT, ANP, BNP). Moreover, compared to the control group, VZN treatment decreased the activity of SOD, CAT, and GPx, and downregulated the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2. Furthermore, collagen deposition was amplified owing to 100 mg/kg VZN cardiotoxicity. This harmful effect was confirmed by a histological study using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining. (4) Conclusion: Overall, our results proved the cardiotoxicity caused by chronic exposure to VZN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Arangia
- Department of of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Livia Interdonato
- Department of of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Ylenia Marino
- Department of of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Græcia University" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "Salvatore Venuta" Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arfuso F, Piccione G, Trimarchi F, Panzera MF, Giannetto C. Stress, metabolic and serum muscle-derived enzymes response of horses employed in wooded area and field trekking courses. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 112:103919. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
6
|
D'Ascola A, Bruschetta G, Zanghì G, Campo S, Medica P, Campana S, Ferlazzo G, Gibbs BF, Ferlazzo AM. Changes in plasma 5-HT levels and equine leukocyte SERT expression in response to treadmill exercise. Res Vet Sci 2018. [PMID: 29518708 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a neurohormone transported from plasma into platelets and leukocytes by a specific transporter (SERT). While it is known that the brain 5-HT system is modulated by physical exercise, the peripheral serotoninergic response to exercise is not yet fully elucidated. In particular, this study aimed to evaluate changes in plasma 5-HT levels and equine leukocyte SERT expression in response to treadmill exercise in untrained horses. Analyses were carried out pre- and post-treadmill exercise. 5-HT plasma levels were analysed by HPLC. Leukocytes and platelets were isolated to perform Real Time PCR for the evaluation of SERT mRNA levels. Western blot was conducted for the detection of SERT protein levels. The presence of SERT in leukocytes was analysed by flow cytometry. The functionality of SERT on leukocytes was investigated by using paroxetine as inhibitor of 5-HT reuptake. Results showed a significant decrease in SERT levels after exercise in both leukocytes and platelets and a significant increase in plasma 5-HT levels. Flow cytometry revealed that SERT is functional in one specific horse leukocyte subpopulation, still not identified, and paroxetine was able to block 5-HT reuptake into leukocytes. The exercise may have induced an increased mobilization of free-tryptophan and a release of 5-HT from the stores in the blood. High concentrations of plasma 5-HT could have caused a reduction in SERT expression affecting cellular 5-HT storage/uptake. The increase of cortisol levels after treadmill exercise was not significant. Exercise modulates the peripheral serotonin metabolism. More research is needed to assess its physiological implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela D'Ascola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Bruschetta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Zanghì
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Campo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Pietro Medica
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Stefania Campana
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Bernhard F Gibbs
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, ME4 4TB Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom.
| | - Alida Maria Ferlazzo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bruschetta G, Medica P, Fazio E, Cravana C, Ferlazzo AM. The effect of training sessions and feeding regimes on neuromodulator role of serotonin, tryptophan, and β-endorphin of horses. J Vet Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
8
|
Bruschetta G, Fazio E, Cravana C, Ferlazzo A. Effects of partial versus complete separation after weaning on plasma serotonin, tryptophan and pituitary-adrenal pattern of Anglo-Arabian foals. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
9
|
|