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Shirafuji H, Kishida N, Murota K, Suda Y, Yanase T. Genetic Characterization of Palyam Serogroup Viruses Isolated in Japan from 1984 to 2018 and Development of a Real-Time RT-PCR Assay for Broad Detection of Palyam Serogroup Viruses and Specific Detection of Chuzan (Kasba) and D'Aguilar Viruses. Pathogens 2024; 13:550. [PMID: 39057776 PMCID: PMC11279806 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13070550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 15 Palyam serogroup virus (PALV) strains isolated from cattle or Culicoides biting midges in Japan from 1984 to 2018. We found that the PALV strains consisted of Chuzan (Kasba) virus (CHUV), D'Aguilar virus (DAGV), Bunyip Creek virus, and another PALV, Marrakai virus (MARV). The Japanese MARV strains isolated in 1997 were closely related to Australian PALV strains isolated in 1968-1976 in genome segments 2 and 10, but they were most closely related to other Japanese PALV strains in the other genome segments. Our data suggest that the Japanese MARV strains were reassortant viruses between Asian and Australian PALVs. In addition to the WGS, we developed a real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay that can broadly detect PALV and specifically detect CHUV and DAGV, utilizing the data obtained by the WGS in this study. We detected the DAGV gene in bovine stillborn fetuses and congenitally abnormal calves in 2019 using the newly developed assay. To our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation of MARV outside of Australia and the first report of detection of PALV in bovine fetuses or calves with congenital abnormality outside of Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Exotic Disease Group, Division of Transboundary Animal Disease Research, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira 187-0022, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Kishida
- Virus Group, Division of Infectious Animal Disease Research, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-0856, Ibaraki, Japan; (N.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Katsunori Murota
- Epidemiology and Arbovirus Group, Division of Transboundary Animal Disease Research, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima 891-0105, Kagoshima, Japan; (K.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Yuto Suda
- Virus Group, Division of Infectious Animal Disease Research, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-0856, Ibaraki, Japan; (N.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Epidemiology and Arbovirus Group, Division of Transboundary Animal Disease Research, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima 891-0105, Kagoshima, Japan; (K.M.); (T.Y.)
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Inoue D, Hayashima A, Suzuta F, Motomura Y, Kawamoto Y, Yoshino F, Morita K, Hirai Y, Iwamatsu S, Nakazato S, Kimura K, Yanase T. Congenital malformations caused by Akabane virus in porcine fetuses in southern Japan. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:449-457. [PMID: 37831381 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Akabane virus (AKAV) is known as a major teratogenic agent of ruminant fetuses. In this study, we investigated the relationship between porcine abnormal deliveries and AKAV by serology, pathology, and virology investigations using specimens from 16 stillborn fetuses delivered in southern Japan between 2013 and 2015. The major clinical manifestations in stillborn fetuses were hydranencephaly, arthrogryposis, spinal curvature, and both skeletal muscle and subcutaneous edema. Histologic examination of the specimens identified atrophy of skeletal muscle fibers accompanied by adipose replacement. Nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis and decreased neuronal density in the ventral horn of the spinal cord were shown in two separate fetuses, respectively. Neutralizing antibody titers to AKAV were detected in most of the tested fetuses (13/16). The AKAV sequences detected in the affected fetuses in 2013 and 2015 were highly identical and closely related to Japanese AKAV isolates which were isolated in 2013 and sorted into genogroup I of AKAV. Immunohistochemistry visualized AKAV antigens in the neuronal cells of the central nervous system of the fetuses. These findings indicate that AKAV was involved in the birth of abnormal piglets at the affected farm. The clinical manifestations and histopathological features in the stillborn fetuses were very similar to those in ruminant neonates affected by AKAV. To avoid misdiagnosis and to evaluate the precise impact of AKAV on pig reproduction, AKAV should be considered in differential diagnoses of reproductive failures in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Inoue
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Nagasaki Prefecture, 3118 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki, 854-0063, Japan
| | - Akimi Hayashima
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Nagasaki Prefecture, 3118 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki, 854-0063, Japan
| | - Fumiko Suzuta
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Nagasaki Prefecture, 3118 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki, 854-0063, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Motomura
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Nagasaki Prefecture, 3118 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki, 854-0063, Japan
| | - Yuta Kawamoto
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Nagasaki Prefecture, 3118 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki, 854-0063, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Yoshino
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Nagasaki Prefecture, 3118 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki, 854-0063, Japan
| | - Kotaro Morita
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Nagasaki Prefecture, 3118 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki, 854-0063, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirai
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Nagasaki Prefecture, 3118 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki, 854-0063, Japan
| | - Shigeru Iwamatsu
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Nagasaki Prefecture, 3118 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki, 854-0063, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakazato
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Nagasaki Prefecture, 3118 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki, 854-0063, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kimura
- Pathology and Production Disease Group, Division of Hygiene Management Research, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702, Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan.
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He Y, Meng J, Li N, Li Z, Wang D, Kou M, Yang Z, Li Y, Zhang L, Wang J. Isolation of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 10 from Culicoides tainanus and Associated Infections in Livestock in Yunnan, China. Viruses 2024; 16:175. [PMID: 38399951 PMCID: PMC10892452 DOI: 10.3390/v16020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Two strains of viruses, JC13C644 and JC13C673, were isolated from Culicoides tainanus collected in Jiangcheng County, Yunnan Province, situated along the border area shared by China, Laos, and Vietnam. JC13C644 and JC13C673 viruses can cause cytopathic effect (CPE) in mammalian cells BHK21 and Vero cells, and cause morbidity and mortality in suckling mice 48 h after intracerebral inoculation. Whole-genome sequencing was performed, yielding complete sequences for all 10 segments from Seg-1 (3942nt) to Seg-10 (810nt). Phylogenetic analysis of the sub-core-shell (T2) showed that the JC13C644 and JC13C673 viruses clustered with the Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV) isolated from Japan and Australia, with nucleotide and amino acid homology of 93.1% to 98.3% and 99.2% to 99.6%, respectively, suggesting that they were Eastern group EHDV. The phylogenetic analysis of outer capsid protein (OC1) and outer capsid protein (OC2) showed that the JC13C644 and JC13C673 viruses were clustered with the EHDV-10 isolated from Japan in 1998, with the nucleotide homology of 98.3% and 98.5%, and the amino acid homology of 99.6% and 99.6-99.8%, respectively, indicating that they belong to the EHDV-10. Seroepidemiological survey results demonstrated that JC13C644 virus-neutralizing antibodies were present in 29.02% (177/610) of locally collected cattle serum and 11.32% (89/786) of goat serum, implying the virus's presence in Jiangcheng, Yunnan Province. This finding suggests that EHDV-10 circulates not only among blood-sucking insects in nature but also infects local domestic animals in China. Notably, this marks the first-ever isolation of the virus in China and its discovery outside of Japan since its initial isolation from Japanese cattle. In light of these results, it is evident that EHDV Serotype 10 exists beyond Japan, notably in the natural vectors of southern Eurasia, with the capacity to infect local cattle and goats. Therefore, it is imperative to intensify the surveillance of EHDV infection in domestic animals, particularly focusing on the detection and monitoring of new virus serotypes that may emerge in the region and pose risks to animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen He
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.H.); (J.M.); (N.L.); (M.K.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Jinxin Meng
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.H.); (J.M.); (N.L.); (M.K.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Nan Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.H.); (J.M.); (N.L.); (M.K.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhao Li
- Jiangcheng County Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Jiangcheng 665900, China; (Z.L.); (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Jiangcheng County Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Jiangcheng 665900, China; (Z.L.); (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Meiling Kou
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.H.); (J.M.); (N.L.); (M.K.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.H.); (J.M.); (N.L.); (M.K.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Yunhui Li
- Jiangcheng County Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Jiangcheng 665900, China; (Z.L.); (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Laxi Zhang
- Jiangcheng County Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Jiangcheng 665900, China; (Z.L.); (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.H.); (J.M.); (N.L.); (M.K.); (Z.Y.)
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Li N, Meng J, He Y, Wang W, Wang J. Potential roles of Culicoides spp. ( Culicoides imicola, Culicoides oxystoma) as biological vectors of bluetongue virus in Yuanyang of Yunnan, P. R. China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1283216. [PMID: 38274733 PMCID: PMC10809989 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1283216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Culicoides plays a crucial role as an insect vector in the field of veterinary medicine. The transmission of significant viruses such as bluetongue virus (BTV) and African horse sickness virus (AHSV) by this insect poses a substantial threat, leading to the development of severe diseases in domestic animals. This study aimed to explore the Culicoides species, identify their blood-meal sources, and assess the presence of BTV and AHSV carried by Culicoides in Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province. The aim was to gain insights into the potential vectors of these two viruses and elucidate their potential roles in the transmission of pathogens. Methods The midges were collected from cattle (Bos indicus), pig (Sus scrofa), and goat (Capra hircus) pens in Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province in June 2020. Initial identification of midges was conducted through morphological characteristics, followed by molecular identification using the cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The determination of Culicoides blood-meal sources was accomplished using specific primers targeting the cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene from potential hosts. BTV and AHSV RNA were identified in Culicoides pools through the application of reverse transcriptase PCR and quantitative real-time PCR. Nucleotide homology and phylogenetic analysis were performed using MegAlign (DNAStar) and Mega 6.0 software. Results A total of 6,300 Culicoides, consisting of C. oxystoma, C. arakawai, C. imicola, and C. innoxius, were collected from cattle, pigs, and goat pens. The engorgement rates for these species were 30.2%, 54.6%, 75%, and 66.7%, respectively. In the cattle pen, the prevailing species is C. oxystoma (100%). In the pig pen, C. arakawai dominates (70%), with C. oxystoma following at 30%. In the goat pen, C. imicola holds the majority (45.45%), trailed by C. oxystoma (25%), C. innoxius (20.45%), and C. arakawai (9.09%). These Culicoides species were identified as feeding on cattle, pigs, goats, chickens (Gallus gallus), and humans (Homo sapiens). The positivity rates for BTV were 20.00% and 11.54% in blood-fed specimens of C. imicola and C. oxystoma, respectively. Conversely, the positivity rates for BTV in non-blood-fed specimens were 0.00% and 6.67% for C. imicola and C. oxystoma, respectively. BTV was not detected in C. arakawai and C. innoxius. The specimens (YY86) from C. imicola that tested positive for BTV had the closest genetic relationship to YTS-4 isolated from Mangshi, Yunnan Province in 1996. All test results for the nucleic acid of AHSV were negative. Conclusion The study reveals variations in the species distribution, community composition, blood sucking rate, and blood-feeding sources of Culicoides across different habitats. Notably, C. imicola and C. oxystoma emerge as potential vectors for the transmission of BTV in local animals. Accordingly, this investigation provides crucial insights that can serve as a valuable reference for the prevention and control of BTV in local animals, particularly from the perspective of vector management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Jinxin Meng
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Yuwen He
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- The Aquaculture Workstation of Yuanyang County Agriculture, Rural Affairs, and Science and Technology Bureau, Yuanyang, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
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Metwally S, Bkear N, Samir M, Hamada R, Elshafey B, Batiha G, Almanaa TN, Sobhy K, Badr Y. The First Serological Detection and Risk Factors Analysis of Akabane Virus in Egyptian Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1849. [PMID: 37889776 PMCID: PMC10252070 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Akabane virus (AKAV) is an insect-borne virus belonging to the genus Orthobunyavirus of the family Peribunyaviridae. It is the etiologic agent of Akabane disease (AD), which emerged in Asia, Australia, and the Middle East causing severe economic losses among domestic and wild animals. AKAV has not received enough attention in Egypt, and its evidence among Egyptian animals has never been reported. Therefore, this study used ELISA assay to investigate the seroprevalence of AKAV among Egyptian dairy and beef cattle in eight localities of Beheira province, north Egypt. Out of 368 investigated plasma samples, the overall AKAV seroprevalence was 54.3% (95% CI: 50.8-61.4). AKAV antibodies were detected in all examined cattle farms (7/7) and the majority of abattoirs (8/9). Age, sex, breed, and location of the tested cattle were analyzed as risk factors for AKAV infection. A higher significant increase in seropositivity was obtained in cattle who were aged >5 years (p < 0.0001; OR = 9.4), females (p < 0.0001, OR = 8.3), or Holstein breed (p < 0.0001, OR = 22.6) than in younger ages, males, and Mixed and Colombian zebu breeds, respectively. Moreover, a significant variation in AKAV seroprevalence between the tested locations was noticed. Ultimately, a multivariable analysis concluded that age (p = 0.002, OR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.57-7.04) and breed (p = 0.03, OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.05-2.72) were significant risks for AKAV infection. In conclusion, this study is the first to detect AKAV infection in Egyptian animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Metwally
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Nabil Bkear
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Marwa Samir
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Rania Hamada
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Besheer Elshafey
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Gaber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Taghreed N. Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kamel Sobhy
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Yassien Badr
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
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MADA T, GOTO Y, KUMAGAI M, SAKAI H, KANAMORI H, TAKAMATSU D. A calf with hind limb paralysis and dysstasia and a genome sequence analysis of an isolated Clostridium perfringens toxinotype E strain. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:279-289. [PMID: 36653149 PMCID: PMC10076203 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens toxinotype E infections are rare in calves, and the development of intestinal lesions were commonly observed. In 2012, a 6-day-old calf in Japan exhibited swelling with emphysema on the right gluteal region, sudden paralysis of the hind limb and dysstasia. A pathological examination revealed myositis of the gluteal muscle and neuritis of the ischiatic nerve. C. perfringens type E strain CP118 was isolated from the affected muscle. However, the intestinal symptoms and lesions that commonly develop in type E infections in calves were not detected in the present case. Genome analyses revealed that CP118 possessed 16 virulence-related genes, including enterotoxin, and was closely related to other type E and F strains. Particularly, CP118 was more closely related to type E strains from humans, including a food poisoning case, than calf isolates, suggesting its potential to cause food poisoning in humans and, thus, its importance as a potential risk to public health. Since CP118 did not possess the reported toxin genes associated with neuropathy, pyogenic inflammation caused by CP118 and/or other bacteria may have damaged the ischiatic nerve, resulting in neuropathy. Alternatively, unidentified CP118 toxins may have caused the neuropathy. This is the first study to report C. perfringens type E infection with peripheral neuropathy. The distribution of all the reported virulence-related genes in the C. perfringens population as well as the details of this rare case will provide further insights into C. perfringens type E infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi MADA
- Division of Infectious Animal Disease Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yo GOTO
- Miyagi Prefecture Sendai Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masahiko KUMAGAI
- Research Center for Advanced Analysis, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki SAKAI
- Research Center for Advanced Analysis, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki KANAMORI
- Genome Breeding Support Office, Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daisuke TAKAMATSU
- Division of Infectious Animal Disease Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Yoshizawa N, Shinoto M, Katayama A, Bekku R, Inatani K. An abnormal birth in bovine suspected of being caused by Peaton virus first occurred in Shikoku region, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 84:223-227. [PMID: 34897187 PMCID: PMC8920711 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peaton virus (PEAV) is a type of arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) belonging to the genus
Orthobunyavirus, much like Akabane virus and Aino virus. These
arboviruses cause stillbirth and congenital malformations of fetuses in ruminants. In
Japan, abnormal birth in bovine caused by PEAV were reported in Okinawa, Kyushu, and
Chugoku regions, but it has never been reported in Shikoku region. The abnormal birth
occurred in 2020 in Ehime Prefecture (Shikoku region) and suspected of being caused by
PEAV from results of clinical signs, pathological findings, and virus neutralization test
using PEAV. However, PEAV was not detected and isolated. This report describes the case of
abnormal birth in bovine suspected of being caused by PEAV first occurred in Shikoku
region, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michiko Shinoto
- Livestock Division, Agriculture, Foresty and Fisheries Department, Ehime Prefectural Government
| | | | - Riko Bekku
- Ehime Nanyo Livestock Hygiene Service Center
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Murota K, Ishii K, Mekaru Y, Araki M, Suda Y, Shirafuji H, Kobayashi D, Isawa H, Yanase T. Isolation of Culicoides- and Mosquito-Borne Orbiviruses in the Southwestern Islands of Japan Between 2014 and 2019. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:796-808. [PMID: 34463150 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2021.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The circulation of arboviruses in livestock ruminants has often gone unrecognized owing to the fact that a significant percentage of arboviruses probably induce subclinical infections and/or negligible symptoms in infected animals. To determine the current situation of arbovirus circulation in the Yaeyama Islands, attempts to isolate viruses from bovine blood samples collected between 2014 and 2019 have been made. In total, 308 blood samples were collected during the study period, and 43 of them induced cytopathic effects (CPEs) in cell cultures. The identification of the CPE agents was performed by reported RT-PCR assays and a high-throughput analysis with a next-generation sequencing platform. The obtained viruses consisted of an orthobunyavirus (Peaton virus), Culicoides-borne orbiviruses (bluetongue virus serotypes 12 and 16, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus [EHDV] serotypes 5, 6, and 7, D'Aguilar virus, and Bunyip Creek virus), and potential mosquito-borne orbiviruses (Yunnan orbivirus, Guangxi orbivirus, and Yonaguni orbivirus). Most of the orbiviruses were recovered from washed blood cells with mosquito cell cultures, suggesting that this combination was more efficient than other combinations such as plasma/blood cells and hamster cell lines. This marked the first time that the isolation of EHDV serotypes 5 and 6 and three potential mosquito-borne orbiviruses was recorded in Japan, showing a greater variety of orbiviruses on the islands than previously known. Genetic analysis of the isolated orbiviruses suggested that the Yaeyama Islands and its neighboring regions were epidemiologically related. Some of the viruses, especially the potential mosquito-borne orbiviruses, were isolated during several consecutive years, indicating their establishment on the islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Murota
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Uruma, Japan
| | - Yuji Mekaru
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Uruma, Japan
| | - Miho Araki
- Yaeyama Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Ishigaki, Japan
| | - Yuto Suda
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
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Kimura K, Yanase T, Kato T. Histopathological, Immunohistochemical and In-Situ Hybridization Findings in Suckling Rats Experimentally Infected With Akabane Genogroups Ⅰ and Ⅱ, Aino and Peaton Viruses. J Comp Pathol 2021; 187:27-39. [PMID: 34503652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Akabane, Aino and Peaton viruses are closely related arthropod-borne viruses in the genus Orthobunyavirus of the family Peribunyaviridae that can cause congenital abnormalities in cattle, sheep and goats. East Asian Akabane virus strains are subdivided into genogroups Ⅰ and Ⅱ, and the former can also cause non-suppurative encephalomyelitis in post-natal animals. Specific detection of the infecting virus in tissues is essential for accurate diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been used to identify viral antigen but cannot always detect specific viruses due to potential cross-reactivity of the primary antisera. We compared in-situ hybridization (ISH), based on the use of cocktail probe sets targeted at the RNA of each virus, with IHC for the detection of the specific viruses in tissues of suckling rats inoculated intracerebrally with Akabane (KM-1 or OBE-1 strains), Aino or Peaton viruses at 3 or 7 days of age. Most inoculated rats developed severe neurological signs and histopathological brain lesions including necrosis, spongy degeneration and non-suppurative inflammation. A rabbit polyclonal antiserum immunolabelled antigen of all three viruses within the lesions, whereas ISH specifically detected RNA of each individual virus. The distribution of viral RNA was comparable to that of viral antigens, but tended to be more widespread, especially in immature nervous tissue. Viral antigen and RNA were detected in skeletal muscle and heart of the rats infected with the KM-1 strain of Akabane virus but not with any of the other viruses. This study demonstrates the value of ISH detection of these viruses in a rat model and may prove useful for clarification of the pathogenesis of post-natal arbovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Kimura
- Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kato
- Kyushu Research Station, Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
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Yamamoto K, Hiromatsu R, Kaida M, Kato T, Yanase T, Shirafuji H. Isolation of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 7 from cattle showing fever in Japan in 2016 and improvement of a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay to detect epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1378-1388. [PMID: 34248104 PMCID: PMC8498830 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) is an arthropod-borne disease of wild and domestic ruminants caused by the EHD virus (EHDV). To date, seven EHDV serotypes have been identified. In Japan, strain Ibaraki of EHDV serotype 2 has caused outbreaks of Ibaraki disease in cattle. In addition, EHDV serotype 7 (EHDV-7) has caused large-scale EHD epizootics. In mid-September 2016, eight cattle at a breeding farm in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan developed fever. Since EHDV-7 was detected in sentinel cattle in western Japan in 2016, we suspected that the cause of this fever might be an EHDV-7 infection. In this study, we tested cattle for EHDV-7 and some other viruses. Consequently, EHDV was isolated from washed blood cells collected from three of the eight cattle, and genetic analysis of genome segment 2 revealed that this isolate was EHDV-7. Moreover, all affected cattle tested positive for anti-EHDV-7 neutralizing antibodies. Our results suggest that the fever was caused by EHDV-7 infection. In addition, we modified a conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for the specific detection of EHDV. This modified assay could detect various strains of EHDV isolated in Japan, Australia, and North America. Furthermore, the assay permitted the detection of EHDV-7 in blood cells collected from seven of the eight cattle. We believe that this modified assay will be a useful tool for the diagnosis of EHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunitaka Yamamoto
- Fukuoka Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 4-14-5 Hakozaki-Futo, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-0051, Japan
| | - Riki Hiromatsu
- Fukuoka Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 4-14-5 Hakozaki-Futo, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-0051, Japan
| | - Mina Kaida
- Fukuoka Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 4-14-5 Hakozaki-Futo, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-0051, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kato
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Food and Agriculture Research Organization (NARO), 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima 891-0105, Japan
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Food and Agriculture Research Organization (NARO), 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima 891-0105, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Food and Agriculture Research Organization (NARO), 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima 891-0105, Japan
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Huaman JL, Pacioni C, Forsyth DM, Pople A, Hampton JO, Carvalho TG, Helbig KJ. Serosurveillance and Molecular Investigation of Wild Deer in Australia Reveals Seroprevalence of Pestivirus Infection. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070752. [PMID: 32668730 PMCID: PMC7412320 DOI: 10.3390/v12070752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since deer were introduced into Australia in the mid-1800s, their wild populations have increased in size and distribution, posing a potential risk to the livestock industry, through their role in pathogen transmission cycles. In comparison to livestock, there are limited data on viral infections in all wildlife, including deer. The aim of this study was to assess blood samples from wild Australian deer for serological evidence of exposure to relevant viral livestock diseases. Blood samples collected across eastern Australia were tested by ELISA to detect antigens and antibodies against Pestivirus and antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1. A subset of samples was also assessed by RT-PCR for Pestivirus, Simbu serogroup, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and bovine ephemeral fever virus. Our findings demonstrated a very low seroprevalence (3%) for ruminant Pestivirus, and none of the other viruses tested were detected. These results suggest that wild deer may currently be an incidental spill-over host (rather than a reservoir host) for Pestivirus. However, deer could be a future source of viral infections for domestic animals in Australia. Further investigations are needed to monitor pathogen activity and quantify possible future infectious disease impacts of wild deer on the Australian livestock industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Huaman
- Department of Physiology, Molecular Virology Laboratory, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia;
- Department of Physiology, Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia;
| | - Carlo Pacioni
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Heidelberg 3084, Australia;
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
| | - David M. Forsyth
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, Orange 2800, Australia;
| | - Anthony Pople
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Invasive Plants & Animals Research, Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane 4102, Australia;
| | - Jordan O. Hampton
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
- Ecotone Wildlife, P.O. Box 76, Inverloch, VIC 3996, Australia
| | - Teresa G. Carvalho
- Department of Physiology, Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia;
| | - Karla J. Helbig
- Department of Physiology, Molecular Virology Laboratory, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9479-6650
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Yanase T, Kato T, Hayama Y, Shirafuji H, Yamakawa M, Tanaka S. Oral Susceptibility of Japanese Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Species to Akabane Virus. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:533-539. [PMID: 30418597 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To test their virus susceptibility and capacity as transmission vectors, Japanese Culicoides species were artificially fed a mixture of Akabane virus (AKAV) and bovine blood, and virus recovery was attempted from infected midges 9-11 d post-exposure. Culicoides tainanus, C. punctatus, C. humeralis, C. jacobsoni, C. oxystoma, and C. asiana were found to be orally susceptible to AKAV. Virus titers in single infected midges of C. tainanus, C. oxystoma, C. punctatus, and C. jacobsoni ranged from 100.75 to 104.0 TCID50 (tissue culture infectious dose). The titers in the infected C. oxystoma were significantly higher than those in the other infected species. Viral RNA was detected from both midges testing positive and those testing negative for infectious virus particles, but the viral RNA copies in the infectious virus-negative midges were significantly lower than those in the infectious virus-positive midges. Lower viral amplification, limited dissemination or both caused by tissue barriers might occur in infected midges from which infectious viruses were undetectable. A fully disseminated infection was developed in orally infected C. oxystoma and C. tainanus. This finding indicates their capacity to transmit AKAV, assuming that salivary gland barriers have limited effects on viral entry to and replication in salivary gland tissue. This result also suggests that the other orally susceptible species are potentially competent for AKAV transmission and would be considered active vectors of its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Chuzan, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kato
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Chuzan, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoko Hayama
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Chuzan, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamakawa
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Chuzan, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shogo Tanaka
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Chuzan, Kagoshima, Japan
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Kamomae Y, Kamomae M, Ohta Y, Nabe M, Kagawa Y, Ogura Y, Kato T, Tanaka S, Yanase T, Shirafuji H. Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 6 Infection in Cattle, Japan, 2015. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:902-905. [PMID: 29664367 PMCID: PMC5938786 DOI: 10.3201/eid2405.171859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During October–December 2015, an epizootic hemorrhagic disease outbreak occurred in cattle in Japan. Forty-six animals displayed fever, anorexia, cessation of rumination, salivation, and dysphagia. Virologic, serologic, and pathologic investigations revealed the causative agent was epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6. Further virus characterization is needed to determine virus pathogenicity.
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14
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Kato T, Aizawa M, Takayoshi K, Yanase T, Tanaka S, Shirafuji H, Yamakawa M. Full genome sequence of a Sathuvachari virus strain isolated in the southwestern-most archipelago of Japan. Virus Genes 2018; 54:729-732. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-018-1592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Ohtani A, Yokoyama A, Narushige H, Inoshima Y. First isolation and genetic characterization of pseudocowpox virus from cattle in Japan. Virol J 2017; 14:172. [PMID: 28874200 PMCID: PMC5585939 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) infects cattle worldwide with zoonotic potential but has not been isolated in Japan. Thus, the epidemiological status of PCPV infection in cattle is undetermined. Results In May 2016, a cattle in a farm in Yamaguchi Prefecture showed white vesicles and hyperemia in the mucosa under the tongue surface, but not on the teats and coronary cushions. A parapoxvirus was isolated from the oral lesion swab and was genetically characterized based on the full-length sequence of B2L gene encoding viral envelope. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolated virus was classified into PCPV. Conclusion This case indicates its potential spread in Japan. This is the first report of isolation of PCPV in Japan. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-017-0840-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Ohtani
- Yamaguchi Chubu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 671-5 Kagawa, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 754-0897, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yokoyama
- Yamaguchi Chubu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 671-5 Kagawa, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 754-0897, Japan
| | - Hisato Narushige
- Yamaguchi Chubu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 671-5 Kagawa, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 754-0897, Japan
| | - Yasuo Inoshima
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan. .,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan. .,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
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Purnomo Edi S, Ibrahim A, Sukoco R, Bunali L, Taguchi M, Kato T, Yanase T, Shirafuji H. Molecular characterization of an Akabane virus isolate from West Java, Indonesia. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:774-779. [PMID: 28302930 PMCID: PMC5402201 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We isolated an arbovirus from bovine blood in Indonesia. The arbovirus was obtained from the plasma of a cow showing no clinical symptoms in West Java in February 2014, and was identified as Akabane virus (AKAV) by AKAV-specific RT-PCR and subsequent sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial S segment indicated the AKAV isolate, WJ-1SA/P/2014, was most closely related with two isolates from Israel and Turkey reported in 2001 and 2015, respectively, and that WJ-1SA/P/2014 isolate belongs to AKAV genogroup Ib. This is the first isolation of AKAV from Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryo Purnomo Edi
- Disease Investigation Center Subang, Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health Services, Jl. Terusan Garuda Blok Werasari, RT.33/RW.11, Subang, West Java 41212, Indonesia
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Kato T, Yanase T, Suzuki M, Katagiri Y, Ikemiyagi K, Takayoshi K, Shirafuji H, Ohashi S, Yoshida K, Yamakawa M, Tsuda T. Monitoring for bovine arboviruses in the most southwestern islands in Japan between 1994 and 2014. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:125. [PMID: 27342576 PMCID: PMC4921034 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Japan, epizootic arboviral infections have severely impacted the livestock industry for a long period. Akabane, Aino, Chuzan, bovine ephemeral fever and Ibaraki viruses have repeatedly caused epizootic abnormal births and febrile illness in the cattle population. In addition, Peaton, Sathuperi, Shamonda and D’Aguilar viruses and epizootic hemorrhagic virus serotype 7 have recently emerged in Japan and are also considered to be involved in abnormal births in cattle. The above-mentioned viruses are hypothesized to circulate in tropical and subtropical Asia year round and to be introduced to temperate East Asia by long-distance aerial dispersal of infected vectors. To watch for arbovirus incursion and assess the possibility of its early warning, monitoring for arboviruses was conducted in the Yaeyama Islands, located at the most southwestern area of Japan, between 1994 and 2014. Results Blood sampling was conducted once a year, in the autumn, in 40 to 60 healthy cattle from the Yaeyama Islands. Blood samples were tested for arboviruses. A total of 33 arboviruses including Akabane, Peaton, Chuzan, D’ Aguilar, Bunyip Creek, Batai and epizootic hemorrhagic viruses were isolated from bovine blood samples. Serological surveillance for the bovine arboviruses associated with cattle diseases in young cattle (ages 6–12 months: had only been alive for one summer) clearly showed their frequent incursion into the Yaeyama Islands. In some cases, the arbovirus incursions could be detected in the Yaeyama Islands prior to their spread to mainland Japan. Conclusions We showed that long-term surveillance in the Yaeyama Islands could estimate the activity of bovine arboviruses in neighboring regions and may provide a useful early warning for likely arbovirus infections in Japan. The findings in this study could contribute to the planning of prevention and control for bovine arbovirus infections in Japan and cooperative efforts among neighboring countries in East Asia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0747-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kato
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan.
| | - Moemi Suzuki
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, 1-24-29 Kohagura, Naha, Okinawa, 900-0024, Japan
| | - Yoshito Katagiri
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, 1-24-29 Kohagura, Naha, Okinawa, 900-0024, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Ikemiyagi
- Yaeyama Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1-2 Miyara, Ishigaki, Okinawa, 907-0022, Japan
| | - Katsunori Takayoshi
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, 1-24-29 Kohagura, Naha, Okinawa, 900-0024, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Seiichi Ohashi
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yoshida
- Exotic Disease Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-0222, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamakawa
- Exotic Disease Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-0222, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsuda
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
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Shirafuji H, Yazaki R, Shuto Y, Yanase T, Kato T, Ishikura Y, Sakaguchi Z, Suzuki M, Yamakawa M. Broad-range detection of arboviruses belonging to Simbu serogroup lineage 1 and specific detection of Akabane, Aino and Peaton viruses by newly developed multiple TaqMan assays. J Virol Methods 2015; 225:9-15. [PMID: 26341063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
TaqMan assays were developed for the broad-range detection of arboviruses belonging to Simbu serogroup lineage 1 in the genus Orthobunyavirus and also for the specific detection of three viruses in the lineage, Akabane, Aino and Peaton viruses (AKAV, AINOV and PEAV, respectively). A primer and probe set was designed for the broad-range detection of Simbu serogroup lineage 1 (Pan-Simbu1 set) mainly targeting AKAV, AINOV, PEAV, Sathuperi and Shamonda viruses (SATV and SHAV), and the forward and reverse primers of the Pan-Simbu1 set were also used for the specific detection of AKAV with another probe (AKAV-specific set). In addition, two more primer and probe sets were designed for AINOV- and PEAV-specific detection, respectively (AINOV- and PEAV-specific sets). All of the four primer and probe sets successfully detected targeted viruses, and thus broad-range and specific detection of all the targeted viruses can be achieved by using two multiplex assays and a single assay in a dual (two-color) assay format when another primer and probe set for a bovine β-actin control is also used. The assays had an analytical sensitivity of 10 copies/tube for AKAV, at least 100 copies/tube for AINOV, 100 copies/tube for PEAV, one copy/tube for SATV and at least 10 copies/tube for SHAV, respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity of the assays was tested with field-collected bovine samples, and the results suggested that the sensitivity was higher than that of a conventional RT-PCR. These data indicate that the newly developed TaqMan assays will be useful tools for the diagnosis and screening of field-collected samples for infections of AKAV and several other arboviruses belonging to the Simbu serogroup lineage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan.
| | - Ryu Yazaki
- Kusu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Oita Prefectural Government, Japan
| | - Yozo Shuto
- Oita Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Oita Prefectural Government, Japan
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan
| | - Tomoko Kato
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan
| | - Youji Ishikura
- Domestic Livestock Disease Identification Office, Food Safety Promotion Division, Shimane Prefectural Government, Japan
| | - Zenjiro Sakaguchi
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kagoshima Prefectural Government, Japan
| | - Moemi Suzuki
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Okinawa Prefectural Government, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamakawa
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, NIAH, NARO, Japan
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Hirashima Y, Kato T, Yamakawa M, Shirafuji H, Okano R, Yanase T. Reemergence of Ibaraki disease in southern Japan in 2013. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1253-9. [PMID: 26018356 PMCID: PMC4638292 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In Japan in 2013, two cattle in the northwestern part of Kagoshima Prefecture developed
fever and swallowing difficulty and were suspected of having Ibaraki disease. The
epizootic hemorrhagic virus (EHDV) genome was detected from diseased and asymptomatic
cattle by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). High neutralization
antibody titers to Ibaraki virus (IBAV) ranging from 1:128 to 1:1,024 were observed in the
RT-PCR-positive cattle, and the virus was isolated in one of the IBAV-positive farms. A
pairwise alignment and phylogenetic analysis based on the major outer coat protein VP2
encoded in segment 2 revealed a close relationship between the isolated viruses and
previous IBAV isolates. The phylogeny of VP2 also suggested that an IBAV variant isolated
in 1997 was distinct from IBAV and sorted into a heterogeneous serotype, EHDV serotype 7.
The findings revealed the reemergence of Ibaraki disease in Japan after a 26-year absence.
Interestingly, the co-circulation of EHDV serotype 1 with IBAV was observed in the
affected region, suggesting the potential reassortment between two heterogeneous serotypes
in the field. Sentinel surveillance in Kagoshima Prefecture indicated that the incursion
of IBAV occurred in October 2013 and that its spread was limited within the small area.
Inadequate environmental temperatures for vector transmission in late autumn might have
limited the virus spread to a wider region. The reemergence of Ibaraki disease showed us
the importance of continuous vaccination to prevent economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Hirashima
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1678 Yuda, Kagoshima 899-2201, Japan
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Wernike K, Hoffmann B, Beer M. Simultaneous detection of five notifiable viral diseases of cattle by single-tube multiplex real-time RT-PCR. J Virol Methods 2015; 217:28-35. [PMID: 25746154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiplexed real-time PCR (qPCR) assays enable the detection of several target genes in a single reaction, which is applicable for simultaneous testing for the most important viral diseases in samples obtained from ruminants with unspecific clinical symptoms. Here, reverse transcription qPCR (RT-qPCR) systems for the detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) were combined with an internal control system based on the beta-actin gene. Additionally, a background screening for three further major pathogens of cloven-hoofed animals reportable to the World Organisation for Animal Health, namely foot-and-mouth disease virus, epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus, and Rift Valley fever virus, was integrated using the identical fluorophore for the respective RT-qPCR assays. Every pathogen-specific assay had an analytical sensitivity of at least 100 genome copies per reaction within the multiplex approach, and a series of reference samples and clinical specimens obtained from cattle, but also from small ruminants, were detected reliably. The qPCR systems integrated in the background screening were even not influenced by the simultaneous amplification of very high BVDV and BTV genome copy numbers. The newly developed multiplex qPCR allows the specific and sensitive detection of five of the most important diseases of ruminants and could be used in the context of monitoring programs or for differential diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Wernike
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
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21
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Kato T, Shirafuji H, Tanaka S, Sato M, Yamakawa M, Tsuda T, Yanase T. Bovine Arboviruses in Culicoides Biting Midges and Sentinel Cattle in Southern Japan from 2003 to 2013. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 63:e160-e172. [PMID: 25597441 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epizootic congenital abnormalities, encephalomyelitis and febrile illnesses in cattle caused by arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are prevalent in Japan. Causative viruses including orthobunyaviruses, orbiviruses and rhabdovirus are thought to be transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. Recently, the incursions of several arboviruses, potentially Culicoides-borne, were newly confirmed in Japan. However, their spread pattern and exact vector species are currently uncertain. Attempts to isolate arboviruses from Culicoides biting midges and sentinel cattle were conducted in Kagoshima, located at the southernmost end of the main islands of Japan, a potentially high-risk area for incursion of arboviral diseases and outbreak of endemic ones. Seventy-eight isolates comprising Akabane, Peaton and Sathuperi viruses of the genus Orthobunyavirus of the family Bunyaviridae, bluetongue virus serotype 16, D'Aguilar virus, Bunyip Creek virus and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1 of the genus Orbivirus of the family Reoviridae, a potentially novel rhabdovirus of the genus Ephemerovirus and unidentified orbivirus-like viruses were obtained from Culicoides biting midges and sentinel cattle between 2003 and 2013. Akabane, Sathuperi, D'Aguilar and Bunyip Creek viruses were selectively isolated from Culicoides oxystoma, suggesting this vector's responsibility for these arbovirus outbreaks. The results of virus isolation also implied that C. tainanus, C. jacobsoni and C. punctatus are competent for the transmission of bluetongue virus serotype 16, Peaton virus and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1, respectively. Our monitoring in Culicoides biting midges and sentinel cattle detected the circulation of Akabane virus just prior to the accumulations of bovine congenital abnormalities and encephalomyelitis by it around study sites in 2003, 2006, 2008 and 2013. Silent circulations of the other arboviruses, including potentially new viruses, were also detected during the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kato
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - H Shirafuji
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - S Tanaka
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - M Sato
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - M Yamakawa
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T Tsuda
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Kagoshima, Japan.
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22
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Lee F, Lin YL, Tsai HJ. Comparison of primer sets and one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction kits for the detection of bluetongue viral RNA. J Virol Methods 2014; 200:6-9. [PMID: 24503041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bluetongue virus is the etiological agent of bluetongue, one of the most important insect-transmitted animal diseases in the world. To establish a feasible diagnostic procedure for detecting the viral RNA, seven commercially available one-step RT-PCR kits in combination with three primer sets were evaluated. Results of this study showed remarkable differences in analytical sensitivity between the examined RT-PCR kits. In addition, it was found that a World Organization for Animal Health-recommended primer set may not be effective in detecting most BTV RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lee
- Animal Health Research Institute, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan.
| | - Yeou-Liang Lin
- Animal Health Research Institute, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-Jung Tsai
- Animal Health Research Institute, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan.
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23
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Qiao J, Wang J, Meng Q, Wang G, Liu Y, He Z, Yang H, Zhang Z, Cai X, Chen C. Rapid detection of Akabane virus by a novel reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (RT-LAMP). Virol J 2013; 10:288. [PMID: 24034624 PMCID: PMC3848447 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Akabane disease, caused by Akabane virus, is an insect-transmitted disease of ruminants that is primarily characterized by fetal damage. Methods and results In this study, a novel reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for rapid detection of Akabane virus was successfully developed. The primers were designed to target the highly conserved fragment of nucleoprotein from the Akabane virus. The results indicate that the assay is highly specific and sensitive with a detection limit of 5.0 TCID50 /mL within a 60-min incubation time. A total of 126 abortive samples collected from Xinjiang province were detected by the established RT-LAMP. The results of RT-LAMP assay showed 96.8% agreement with the semi-nested RT-PCR. Conclusion This study is to first to develop a rapid, sensitive, and accurate method for the detection of Akabane virus, which may be used to screen clinical samples in developing countries or regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis in a calf in Japan and isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus genotype 1 from the affected calf. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:3448-53. [PMID: 23885004 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00737-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was isolated from the cerebrum of a calf which showed severe neurological symptoms in late September 2009, and the JEV isolate was revealed to be of genotype 1. This is the first report describing the isolation of genotype 1 JEV from cattle.
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25
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Oem J, Lee K, Kim H, Bae Y, Chung J, Lee O, Roh I. Bovine Epizootic Encephalomyelitis caused by Akabane Virus Infection in Korea. J Comp Pathol 2012; 147:101-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Rapid molecular detection methods for arboviruses of livestock of importance to northern Europe. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2012:719402. [PMID: 22219660 PMCID: PMC3246798 DOI: 10.1155/2012/719402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) have been responsible for some of the most explosive epidemics of emerging infectious diseases over the past decade. Their impact on both human and livestock populations has been dramatic. The early detection either through surveillance or diagnosis of virus will be a critical feature in responding and resolving the emergence of such epidemics in the future. Although some of the most important emerging arboviruses are human pathogens, this paper aims to highlight those diseases that primarily affect livestock, although many are zoonotic and some occasionally cause human mortality. This paper also highlights the molecular detection methods specific to each virus and identifies those emerging diseases for which a rapid detection methods are not yet developed.
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27
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Development of inactivated trivalent vaccine for the teratogenic Aino, Akabane and Chuzan viruses. Biologicals 2011; 39:152-7. [PMID: 21411335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aino, Akabane and Chuzan viruses are arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses transmitted by blood-sucking insects like mosquitoes and Culicoides biting midges. These arbovirus infections are mainly associated with abortion, stillbirth and congenital defects in pregnant cattle, sheep and goats, which induces a considerable economic loss in livestock industry. The viruses seem to be widely distributed in Southeast Asia and Australia. As a control strategy, an inactivated trivalent vaccine against Aino, Akabane and Chuzan virus was developed by using binary ethylenimine or formalin as an inactivating agent. The newly developed trivalent vaccine is evaluated for its safety and immunogenicity in animals such as mice, guinea pigs and cattle. The immune responses were significantly detected within 2-weeks after second vaccination without any side effects. Since the field application of experimental vaccine also revealed increased antibodies in inoculated cattle, we demonstrated that these trivalent vaccines could be used as a vaccine to control the arboviral infections in ruminants.
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28
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Rodriguez-Sanchez B, Gortazar C, Ruiz-Fons F, Sanchez-Vizcaino JM. Bluetongue virus serotypes 1 and 4 in red deer, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16:518-20. [PMID: 20202435 PMCID: PMC3322009 DOI: 10.3201/eid1603.090626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the potential of red deer as bluetongue maintenance hosts and sentinels. Deer maintained detectable bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 4 RNA for 1 year after the virus was cleared from livestock. However, the virus was not transmitted to yearlings. BTV serotype 1 RNA was detected in red deer immediately after its first detection in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Aradaib IE, Mohamed MEH, Abdalla MA. A single-tube RT-PCR for rapid detection and differentiation of some African isolates of palyam serogroup orbiviruses. J Virol Methods 2009; 161:70-4. [PMID: 19500619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 05/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A single-tube nested reverse transcriptase (nRT) polymerase chain reaction (nRT-PCR) was developed and evaluated for detection of palyam serogroup orbiviruses ribonucleic acid (RNA) in cell cultures and clinical samples. A pair of outer primers (pal1 and pal2), designed from genome segment three of Chuzan virus of the palyam viruses serogroup, resulted in amplification of a primary 660-base pair (bp) PCR product. Using a pair of internal (nested) primers (pal3 and pal4), the nRT-PCR produced a 350-bp PCR product. The primary and the nested PCR products were amplified from RNA extracted from Sudanese and South African isolates of palyam viruses, propagated in cell cultures. Application of this nRT-PCR to clinical samples resulted in direct detection of palyam virus RNA in blood and serum samples from infected cattle and goats. The nested amplification increased the sensitivity of the assay by 1000-fold, and specific PCR products were detected from as little as 0.1fg of viral RNA. Amplification products were not detected when the nRT-PCR was applied to RNA from closely related orbiviruses including, bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes 1, 2, 4, 6; epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer virus prototype serotype 1 (EHDV-1); Sudanese isolates of EHDV-318; total nucleic acid extracts from non-infected Vero cells; and blood and sera from goats and calves from which virus was not isolated. This nRT-PCR provides a reliable, sensitive and specific assay for rapid detection and differentiation of palyam viruses from other related orbiviruses. In addition, the assay is recommended for inclusion in epidemiological surveys and during investigation of an epizootic of the disease among susceptible ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imadeldin E Aradaib
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan.
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30
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Yang DK, Hwang IJ, Kim BH, Kweon CH, Lee KW, Kang MI, Lee CS, Cho KO. Serosurveillance of viral diseases in Korean native goats (Capra hircus). J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:977-9. [PMID: 18840974 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 804 goat sera were collected from 144 goat farms in five regions of South Korea during a period between 2005 and 2006 and screened for the antibodies of viral pathogens in ruminants. The individual seropositive rates for each virus were 13.7% (110/804) for bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), 9.5% (76/804) for bovine parainfluenza type-3 virus (PI-3V), 5.5% (44/804) for Akabane virus (AKAV), 13.3% (107/804) for Aino virus (AINV), 2.0% (16/804) for Chuzan virus (CHUV) and 1.0% (8/804) for bovine coronavirus (BCoV). Compared with other areas, Chungcheong Province showed higher seropositive rates of 13.6% for PI-3V, 22.3% for AKAV and 28.2% for AINV. The results indicate that among the six viral diseases, BHV-1 infection is quite prevalent, while BCoV infection is less prevalent on domestic goat farms in Gyeongsang and Jeonla Provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kun Yang
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Oakey HJ. A universal test to determine the integrity of RNA, and its suitability for reverse transcription, in animal tissue laboratory specimens. J Vet Diagn Invest 2007; 19:459-64. [PMID: 17823387 DOI: 10.1177/104063870701900501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of RNA in diagnostic specimens can cause false-negative test results and potential misdiagnosis when tests rely on the detection of specific RNA sequence. Current molecular methods of checking RNA integrity tend to be host species or group specific, necessitating libraries of primers and reaction conditions. The objective here was to develop a universal (multi-species) quality assurance tool for determining the integrity of RNA in animal tissues submitted to a laboratory for analyses. Ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) transcribed from the mitochondrial 16S rDNA was used as template material for reverse transcription to cDNA and was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). As mitochondrial DNA has a high level of conservation, the primers used were shown to reverse transcribe and amplify RNA from every animal species tested. Deliberate degradation of rRNA template through temperature abuse of samples resulted in no reverse transcription and amplification. Samples spiked with viruses showed that single-stranded viral RNA and rRNA in the same sample degraded at similar rates, hence reverse transcription and PCR amplification of 16S rRNA could be used as a test of sample integrity and suitability for analysis that required the sample's RNA, including viral RNA. This test will be an invaluable quality assurance tool for determination of RNA integrity from tissue samples, thus avoiding erroneous test results that might occur if degraded target RNA is used unknowingly as template material for reverse transcription and subsequent PCR amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jane Oakey
- Tropical & Aquatic Health Laboratory, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Oonoonba, Queesland, Australia.
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32
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Logan JG, Birkett MA. Semiochemicals for biting fly control: their identification and exploitation. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2007; 63:647-57. [PMID: 17549674 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Insects that feed on the blood of vertebrates are difficult to control, and many previous efforts have been unsuccessful. This is becoming an ever increasing issue, not only in developing countries, but also in developed countries, as exemplified by the recent spread of West Nile virus by mosquitoes across the USA and recent dengue outbreaks in Singapore and Australia. Investigating the ways in which biting insects interact with each other, their environment and their hosts is providing valuable knowledge that will lead to the development of improved control technologies. For instance, recent advances in chemical ecology research have led to the identification of new semiochemicals that show great potential as control agents against biting insects. Exciting new chemical ecology tools and control technologies for the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Logan
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
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33
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Kato CY, Mayer RT. An improved, high-throughput method for detection of bluetongue virus RNA in Culicoides midges utilizing infrared-dye-labeled primers for reverse transcriptase PCR. J Virol Methods 2006; 140:140-7. [PMID: 17187871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A new rapid (less than 6h from insect-to-results) high-throughput assay that is sensitive and specific for detecting BTV RNA in Culicoides biting midges is reported. Homogenization and extraction of nucleic acids from individual Culicoides specimens were performed in a 96-well plate format using specialized beads in a homogenization buffer compatible with cell culture and RNA extraction. A portion of homogenate (10%) from each specimen was retained for confirmatory infectious virus isolation, while the remaining 90% was used for RNA extraction. The RNA was used in a single step reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) reaction with infrared (IR)-dye-labeled primers. The RT-PCR products were visualized in agarose gels with an infrared scanner. The adaptation of IR-dye-labeled primers in combination with a one step RT-PCR resulted in a detection limit of 0.5 pfu of purified BTV RNA. All 24 serotypes of BTV prototype strains and none of the 8 serotypes of the closely related epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) prototype strains were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Y Kato
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Laboratory, College of Agriculture D3354, 1000 East University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82072, USA.
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