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Chen Q, Song D, Sun X, Tian Y, Yan Z, Min T, Wang H, Wang L. Functional Characterization of F3H Gene and Optimization of Dihydrokaempferol Biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecules 2024; 29:2196. [PMID: 38792058 PMCID: PMC11124287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The 1092 bp F3H gene from Trapa bispinosa Roxb., which was named TbF3H, was cloned and it encodes 363 amino acids. Bioinformatic and phylogenetic tree analyses revealed the high homology of TbF3H with flavanone 3-hydroxylase from other plants. A functional analysis showed that TbF3H of Trapa bispinosa Roxb. encoded a functional flavanone 3-hydroxylase; it catalyzed the formation of dihydrokaempferol (DHK) from naringenin in S. cerevisiae. The promoter strengths were compared by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry detection of the fluorescence intensity of the reporter genes initiated by each constitutive promoter (FITC), and DHK production reached 216.7 mg/L by the promoter adjustment strategy and the optimization of fermentation conditions. The results presented in this study will contribute to elucidating DHK biosynthesis in Trapa bispinosa Roxb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyi Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.C.); (D.S.); (X.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Dandan Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.C.); (D.S.); (X.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.C.); (D.S.); (X.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Yulong Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.C.); (D.S.); (X.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Zecheng Yan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.C.); (D.S.); (X.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Ting Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;
| | - Hongxun Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.C.); (D.S.); (X.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Limei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.C.); (D.S.); (X.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.)
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Wu TY, Li YR, Chang KJ, Fang JC, Urano D, Liu MJ. Modeling alternative translation initiation sites in plants reveals evolutionarily conserved cis-regulatory codes in eukaryotes. Genome Res 2024; 34:272-285. [PMID: 38479836 PMCID: PMC10984385 DOI: 10.1101/gr.278100.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
mRNA translation relies on identifying translation initiation sites (TISs) in mRNAs. Alternative TISs are prevalent across plant transcriptomes, but the mechanisms for their recognition are unclear. Using ribosome profiling and machine learning, we developed models for predicting alternative TISs in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Distinct feature sets were predictive of AUG and nonAUG TISs in 5' untranslated regions and coding sequences, including a novel CU-rich sequence that promoted plant TIS activity, a translational enhancer found across dicots and monocots, and humans and viruses. Our results elucidate the mechanistic and evolutionary basis of TIS recognition, whereby cis-regulatory RNA signatures affect start site selection. The TIS prediction model provides global estimates of TISs to discover neglected protein-coding genes across plant genomes. The prevalence of cis-regulatory signatures across plant species, humans, and viruses suggests their broad and critical roles in reprogramming the translational landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ying Wu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Ru Li
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jyun Chang
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan 711, Taiwan
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Cheng Fang
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Daisuke Urano
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Ming-Jung Liu
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan 711, Taiwan;
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Lavado-Benito C, Murillo J, Martínez-Gil M, Ramos C, Rodríguez-Moreno L. GacA reduces virulence and increases competitiveness in planta in the tumorigenic olive pathogen Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1347982. [PMID: 38375080 PMCID: PMC10875052 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1347982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
GacS/GacA is a widely distributed two-component system playing an essential role as a key global regulator, although its characterization in phytopathogenic bacteria has been deeply biased, being intensively studied in pathogens of herbaceous plants but barely investigated in pathogens of woody hosts. P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi (Psv) is characterized by inducing tumours in the stem and branches of olive trees. In this work, the model strain Psv NCPPB 3335 and a mutant derivative with a complete deletion of gene gacA were subjected to RNA-Seq analyses in a minimum medium and a medium mimicking in planta conditions, accompanied by RT-qPCR analyses of selected genes and phenotypic assays. These experiments indicated that GacA participates in the regulation of at least 2152 genes in strain NCPPB 3335, representing 37.9 % of the annotated CDSs. GacA also controls the expression of diverse rsm genes, and modulates diverse phenotypes, including motility and resistance to oxidative stresses. As occurs with other P. syringae pathovars of herbaceous plants, GacA regulates the expression of the type III secretion system and cognate effectors. In addition, GacA also regulates the expression of WHOP genes, specifically encoded in P. syringe strains isolated from woody hosts, and genes for the biosynthesis of phytohormones. A gacA mutant of NCPPB 3335 showed increased virulence, producing large immature tumours with high bacterial populations, but showed a significantly reduced competitiveness in planta. Our results further extend the role of the global regulator GacA in the virulence and fitness of a P. syringae pathogen of woody hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Lavado-Benito
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Murillo
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Edificio de Agrobiotecnología, Mutilva Baja, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Gil
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cayo Ramos
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Rodríguez-Moreno
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
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Ontiveros I, Fernández-Pozo N, Esteve-Codina A, López-Moya JJ, Díaz-Pendón JA. Enhanced Susceptibility to Tomato Chlorosis Virus (ToCV) in Hsp90- and Sgt1-Silenced Plants: Insights from Gene Expression Dynamics. Viruses 2023; 15:2370. [PMID: 38140611 PMCID: PMC10747942 DOI: 10.3390/v15122370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging whitefly-transmitted crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) causes substantial economic losses by inducing yellow leaf disorder in tomato crops. This study explores potential resistance mechanisms by examining early-stage molecular responses to ToCV. A time-course transcriptome analysis compared naïve, mock, and ToCV-infected plants at 2, 7, and 14 days post-infection (dpi). Gene expression changes were most notable at 2 and 14 dpi, likely corresponding to whitefly feeding and viral infection. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed key genes and pathways associated with ToCV infection, including those related to plant immunity, flavonoid and steroid biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and hormone signaling. Additionally, virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsRNAs) originating from ToCV predominantly came from RNA2 and were 22 nucleotides in length. Furthermore, two genes involved in plant immunity, Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90) and its co-chaperone Sgt1 (suppressor of the G2 allele of Skp1) were targeted through viral-induced gene silencing (VIGS), showing a potential contribution to basal resistance against viral infections since their reduction correlated with increased ToCV accumulation. This study provides insights into tomato plant responses to ToCV, with potential implications for developing effective disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ontiveros
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture La Mayora (IHSM), CSIC-UMA, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Spain; (I.O.); (N.F.-P.)
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Noé Fernández-Pozo
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture La Mayora (IHSM), CSIC-UMA, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Spain; (I.O.); (N.F.-P.)
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Juan José López-Moya
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Díaz-Pendón
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture La Mayora (IHSM), CSIC-UMA, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Spain; (I.O.); (N.F.-P.)
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Rodríguez‐Negrete EA, Guevara‐Rivera EA, Arce‐Leal ÁP, Leyva‐López NE, Méndez‐Lozano J. A novel tomato spotted wilt virus isolate encoding a noncanonical NSm C118F substitution associated with Sw-5 tomato gene resistance breaking. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:1300-1311. [PMID: 37403515 PMCID: PMC10502823 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The nonstructural protein NSm of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) has been identified as the avirulence determinant of the tomato single dominant Sw-5 resistance gene. Although Sw-5 effectiveness has been shown for most TSWV isolates, the emergence of resistance-breaking (RB) isolates has been observed. It is strongly associated with two point mutations (C118Y or T120N) in the NSm viral protein. TSWV-like symptoms were observed in tomato crop cultivars (+Sw-5) in the Baja California peninsula, Mexico, and molecular methods confirmed the presence of TSWV. Sequence analysis of the NSm 118-120 motif and three-dimensional protein modelling exhibited a noncanonical C118F substitution in seven isolates, suggesting that this substitution could emulate the C118Y-related RB phenotype. Furthermore, phylogenetic and molecular analysis of the full-length genome (TSWV-MX) revealed its reassortment-related evolution and confirmed that putative RB-related features are restricted to the NSm protein. Biological and mutational NSm 118 residue assays in tomato (+Sw-5) confirmed the RB nature of TSWV-MX isolate, and the F118 residue plays a critical role in the RB phenotype. The discovery of a novel TSWV-RB Mexican isolate with the presence of C118F substitution highlights a not previously described viral adaptation in the genus Orthotospovirus, and hence, the necessity of further crop monitoring to alert the establishment of novel RB isolates in cultivated tomatoes.
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Duc NH, Szentpéteri V, Mayer Z, Posta K. Distinct impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal isolates on tomato plant tolerance to drought combined with chronic and acute heat stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107892. [PMID: 37490823 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi could mitigate individual drought and heat stress in host plants. However, there are still major gaps in our understanding of AM symbiosis response to the combined stresses. Here, we compared seven AM fungi, Rhizophagus irregularis, Funneliformis mosseae, Funneliformis geosporum, Funneliformis verruculosum, Funneliformis coronatum, Septoglomus deserticola, Septoglomus constrictum, distributed to many world regions in terms of their impacts on tomato endurance to combined drought and chronic heat as well as combined drought and heat shock. A multidisciplinary approach including morphometric, ecophysiological, biochemical, targeted metabolic (by ultrahigh-performance LC-MS), and molecular analyses was applied. The variation among AM fungi isolates in the enhancement in leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic activity, and maximal PSII photochemical efficiency, proline accumulation, antioxidant enzymes (POD, SOD, CAT), and lowered ROS markers (H2O2, MDA) in host plants under combined stresses were observed. S. constrictum inoculation could better enhanced the host plant physiology and biochemical parameters, while F. geosporum colonization less positively influenced the host plants than other treatments under both combined stresses. F. mosseae- and S. constrictum-associated plants showed the common AM-induced modifications and AM species-specific alterations in phytohormones (ABA, SA, JA, IAA), aquaporin (SlSIP1-2; SlTIP2-3; SlNIP2-1; SlPIP2-1) and abiotic stress-responsive genes (SlAREB1, SlLEA, SlHSP70, SlHSP90) in host plants under combined stresses. Altogether, mycorrhizal mitigation of the negative impacts of drought + prolonged heat and drought + acute heat, with the variation among different AM fungi isolates, depending on the specific combined stress and stress duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hong Duc
- Department of Microbiology and Applied Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Viktor Szentpéteri
- Department of Microbiology and Applied Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Gödöllő, Hungary; Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Mayer
- Department of Microbiology and Applied Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Katalin Posta
- Department of Microbiology and Applied Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Gödöllő, Hungary; Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Gödöllő, Hungary.
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Tsalgatidou PC, Thomloudi EE, Delis C, Nifakos K, Zambounis A, Venieraki A, Katinakis P. Compatible Consortium of Endophytic Bacillus halotolerans Strains Cal.l.30 and Cal.f.4 Promotes Plant Growth and Induces Systemic Resistance against Botrytis cinerea. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:779. [PMID: 37372064 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating microbial-based alternatives to conventional fungicides and biofertilizers enables us to gain a deeper understanding of the biocontrol and plant growth-promoting activities. Two genetically distinct Bacillus halotolerans strains (Cal.l.30, Cal.f.4) were evaluated for the levels of their compatibility. They were applied individually or in combination under in vitro and greenhouse conditions, using seed bio-priming and soil drenching as inoculum delivery systems, for their plant growth-promoting effect. Our data indicate that application of Cal.l.30 and Cal.f.4 as single strains and as a mixture significantly enhanced growth parameters of Arabidopsis and tomato plants. We investigated whether seed and an additional soil treatment with these strains could induce the expression of defense-related genes in leaves of young tomato seedling plants. These treatments mediated a long lasting, bacterial-mediated, systemic-induced resistance as evidenced by the high levels of expression of RP3, ACO1 and ERF1 genes in the leaves of young tomato seedlings. Furthermore, we presented data showing that seed and soil treatment with B. halotolerans strains resulted in an effective inhibition of Botrytis cinerea attack and development on tomato leaves. Our findings highlighted the potential of B. halotolerans strains as they combine both direct antifungal activity against plant pathogens and the ability to prime plant innate immunity and enhance plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina C Tsalgatidou
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Eirini-Evangelia Thomloudi
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Delis
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Kallimachos Nifakos
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Antonios Zambounis
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization 'ELGO DIMITRA', 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Venieraki
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katinakis
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Gálvez-Roldán C, Cerna-Vargas JP, Rodríguez-Herva JJ, Krell T, Santamaría-Hernando S, López-Solanilla E. A Nitrate-Sensing Domain-Containing Chemoreceptor Is Required for Successful Entry and Virulence of Dickeya dadantii 3937 in Potato Plants. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:390-399. [PMID: 36399025 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-22-0367-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate metabolism plays an important role in bacterial physiology. During the interaction of plant-pathogenic bacteria with their hosts, bacteria face variable conditions with respect to nitrate availability. Perception mechanisms through the chemosensory pathway drive the entry and control the colonization of the plant host in phytopathogenic bacteria. In this work, the identification and characterization of the nitrate- and nitrite-sensing (NIT) domain-containing chemoreceptor of Dickeya dadantii 3937 (Dd3937) allowed us to unveil the key role of nitrate sensing not only for the entry into the plant apoplast through wounds but also for infection success. We determined the specificity of this chemoreceptor to bind nitrate and nitrite, with a slight ligand preference for nitrate. Gene expression analysis showed that nitrate perception controls not only the expression of nitrate reductase genes involved in respiratory and assimilatory metabolic processes but also the expression of gyrA, hrpN, and bgxA, three well-known virulence determinants in Dd3937.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Gálvez-Roldán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGP, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean Paul Cerna-Vargas
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGP, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Protección Ambiental, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - José Juan Rodríguez-Herva
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGP, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tino Krell
- Departamento de Protección Ambiental, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Saray Santamaría-Hernando
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGP, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia López-Solanilla
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGP, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Zhang G, Zhang Z, Wan Q, Zhou H, Jiao M, Zheng H, Lu Y, Rao S, Wu G, Chen J, Yan F, Peng J, Wu J. Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Analysis of Gene Expression in Nicotiana benthamiana upon Single Infections by 11 Positive-Sense Single-Stranded RNA Viruses from Four Genera. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12040857. [PMID: 36840204 PMCID: PMC9964245 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) is a widely used method for studying alterations in gene expression upon infections caused by diverse pathogens such as viruses. Positive-sense single-stranded (ss(+)) RNA viruses form a major part of all known plant viruses, and some of them are damaging pathogens of agriculturally important crops. Analysis of gene expression following infection by ss(+) RNA viruses is crucial for the identification of potential anti-viral factors. However, viral infections are known to globally affect gene expression and therefore selection and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR is particularly important. In this study, the expression of commonly used reference genes for RT-qPCR was studied in Nicotiana benthamiana following single infection by 11 ss(+) RNA viruses, including five tobamoviruses, four potyviruses, one potexvirus and one polerovirus. Stability of gene expression was analyzed in parallel by four commonly used algorithms: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and Delta CT, and RefFinder was finally used to summarize all the data. The most stably expressed reference genes differed significantly among the viruses, even when those viruses were from the same genus. Our study highlights the importance of the selection and validation of reference genes upon different viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qionglian Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Huijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mengting Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shaofei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Guanwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (J.W.)
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10
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Bahari A, Castillo AG, Safaie N, Bejarano ER, Luna AP, Shams-Bakhsh M. Functional Analysis of V2 Protein of Beet Curly Top Iran Virus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3351. [PMID: 36501393 PMCID: PMC9736138 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Geminivirus beet curly top Iran virus (BCTIV) is one of the main causal agents of the beet curly top disease in Iran and the newly established Becurtovirus genus type species. Although the biological features of known becurtoviruses are similar to those of curtoviruses, they only share a limited sequence identity, and no information is available on the function of their viral genes. In this work, we demonstrate that BCTIV V2, as the curtoviral V2, is also a local silencing suppressor in Nicotiana benthamiana and can delay the systemic silencing spreading, although it cannot block the cell-to-cell movement of the silencing signal to adjacent cells. BCTIV V2 shows the same subcellular localization as curtoviral V2, being detected in the nucleus and perinuclear region, and its ectopic expression from a PVX-derived vector also causes the induction of necrotic lesions in N. benthamiana, such as the ones produced during the HR, both at the local and systemic levels. The results from the infection of N. benthamiana with a V2 BCTIV mutant showed that V2 is required for systemic infection, but not for viral replication, in a local infection. Considering all these results, we can conclude that BCTIV V2 is a functional homologue of curtoviral V2 and plays a crucial role in viral pathogenicity and systemic movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyeh Bahari
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran 336-14115, Iran
| | - Araceli G. Castillo
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Naser Safaie
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran 336-14115, Iran
| | - Eduardo R. Bejarano
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Ana P. Luna
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Masoud Shams-Bakhsh
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran 336-14115, Iran
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11
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Ye S, Yin D, Sun X, Chen Q, Min T, Wang H, Wang L. Molecular Cloning, Expression, and Functional Analysis of Glycosyltransferase (TbUGGT) Gene from Trapa bispinosa Roxb. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238374. [PMID: 36500465 PMCID: PMC9737334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Trapa bispinosa Roxb. is an economical crop for medicine and food. Its roots, stems, leaves, and pulp have medicinal applications, and its shell is rich in active ingredients and is considered to have a high medicinal value. One of the main functional components of the Trapa bispinosa Roxb. shell is 1-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (βG), which can be used in medical treatment and is also an essential substrate for synthesizing the anticancer drug beta-penta-o-Galloyl-glucosen (PGG). Furthermore, gallate 1-beta-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.136) has been found to catalyze gallic acid (GA) and uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) to synthesize βG. In our previous study, significant differences in βG content were observed in different tissues of Trapa bispinosa Roxb. In this study, Trapa bispinosa Roxb. was used to clone 1500 bp of the UGGT gene, which was named TbUGGT, to encode 499 amino acids. According to the specificity of the endogenous expression of foreign genes in Escherichia coli, the adaptation codon of the cloned original genes was optimized for improved expression. Bioinformatic and phylogenetic tree analyses revealed the high homology of TbUGGT with squalene synthases from other plants. The TbUGGT gene was constructed into a PET-28a expression vector and then transferred into Escherichia coli Transsetta (DE3) for expression. The recombinant protein had a molecular weight of 55 kDa and was detected using SDS-PAGE. The proteins were purified using multiple fermentation cultures to simulate the intracellular environment, and a substrate was added for in vitro reaction. After the enzymatic reaction, the levels of βG in the product were analyzed using HPLC and LC-MS, indicating the catalytic activity of TbUGGT. The cloning and functional analysis of TbUGGT may lay the foundation for further study on the complete synthesis of βG in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Ye
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Dongjie Yin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qinyi Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Ting Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Hongxun Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Limei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-8395-6793
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12
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Singh J, Aggarwal R, Bashyal BM, Darshan K, Meena BR, Yadav J, Saharan MS, Hussain Z. Temporal transcriptome of tomato elucidates the signaling pathways of induced systemic resistance and systemic acquired resistance activated by Chaetomium globosum. Front Genet 2022; 13:1048578. [PMID: 36467997 PMCID: PMC9716087 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1048578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C. globosum is an endophytic fungus, which is recorded effective against several fungal and bacterial diseases in plants. The exclusively induce defense as mechanism of biocontrol for C. globosum against phyto-pathogens is reported. Our pervious study states the effectiveness of induced defense by C. globosum (Cg), in tomato against Alternaria solani. In this study the temporal transcriptome analysis of tomato plants after treatment with C. globosum was performed for time points at 0 hpCi, 12 hpCi, 24 hpCi and 96 phCi. The temporal expression analysis of genes belonging to defense signaling pathways indicates the maximum expression of genes at 12 h post Cg inoculation. The sequential progression in JA signaling pathway is marked by upregulation of downstream genes (Solyc10g011660, Solyc01g005440) of JA signaling at 24 hpCi and continued to express at same level upto 96 hpCi. However, the NPR1 (Solyc07g040690), the key regulator of SA signaling is activated at 12 h and repressed in later stages. The sequential expression of phenylpropanoid pathway genes (Solyc09g007920, Solyc12g011330, Solyc05g047530) marks the activation of pathway with course of time after Cg treatment that results in lignin formation. The plant defense signaling progresses in sequential manner with time course after Cg treatment. The results revealed the involvement of signaling pathways of ISR and SAR in systemic resistance induced by Cg in tomato, but with temporal variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagmohan Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Barnala, India
| | - Rashmi Aggarwal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Rashmi Aggarwal,
| | - Bishnu Maya Bashyal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - K. Darshan
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Forest Protection Division, ICFRE-TFRI, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Jagdish Yadav
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - M. S. Saharan
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Zakir Hussain
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR- IARI, New Delhi, India
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13
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Santamaría‐Hernando S, López‐Maroto Á, Galvez‐Roldán C, Munar‐Palmer M, Monteagudo‐Cascales E, Rodríguez‐Herva J, Krell T, López‐Solanilla E. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato infection of tomato plants is mediated by GABA and l-Pro chemoperception. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1433-1445. [PMID: 35689388 PMCID: PMC9452764 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Foliar bacterial pathogens have to penetrate the plant tissue and access the interior of the apoplast in order to initiate the pathogenic phase. The entry process is driven by chemotaxis towards plant-derived compounds in order to locate plant openings. However, information on plant signals recognized by bacterial chemoreceptors is scarce. Here, we show that the perception of GABA and l-Pro, two abundant components of the tomato apoplast, through the PsPto-PscC chemoreceptor drives the entry of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato into the tomato apoplast. The recognition of both compounds by PsPto-PscC caused chemoattraction to both amino acids and participated in the regulation of GABA catabolism. Mutation of the PsPto-PscC chemoreceptor caused a reduced chemotactic response towards these compounds which in turn impaired entry and reduced virulence in tomato plants. Interestingly, GABA and l-Pro levels significantly increase in tomato plants upon pathogen infection and are involved in the regulation of the plant defence response. This is an example illustrating how bacteria respond to plant signals produced during the interaction as cues to access the plant apoplast and to ensure efficient infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saray Santamaría‐Hernando
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
| | - Álvaro López‐Maroto
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
| | - Clara Galvez‐Roldán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
| | - Martí Munar‐Palmer
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
| | - Elizabet Monteagudo‐Cascales
- Departamento de Protección AmbientalEstación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranadaSpain
| | - José‐Juan Rodríguez‐Herva
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
- Departamento de Biotecnología‐Biología VegetalEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Tino Krell
- Departamento de Protección AmbientalEstación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranadaSpain
| | - Emilia López‐Solanilla
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
- Departamento de Biotecnología‐Biología VegetalEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
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14
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Yang Y, Zhao T, Xu X, Jiang J, Li J. Transcriptome Analysis to Explore the Cause of the Formation of Different Inflorescences in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158216. [PMID: 35897806 PMCID: PMC9368726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of inflorescence branches is an important agronomic character of tomato. The meristem differentiation and development pattern of tomato inflorescence is complex and its regulation mechanism is very different from those of other model plants. Therefore, in order to explore the cause of tomato inflorescence branching, transcriptome analysis was conducted on two kinds of tomato inflorescences (single racemes and compound inflorescences). According to the transcriptome data analysis, there were many DEGs of tomato inflorescences at early, middle, and late stages. Then, GO and KEGG enrichments of DEGs were performed. DEGs are mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, biohormone signaling, and cell cycle pathways. According to previous studies, DEGs were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, and FALSIFLORA (FA) and ANANTHA (AN) genes were the most notable of 41 DEGs related to inflorescence branching. This study not only provides a theoretical basis for understanding inflorescence branching, but also provides a new idea for the follow-up study of inflorescence.
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15
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Bacillus subtilis biofilm matrix components target seed oil bodies to promote growth and anti-fungal resistance in melon. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:1001-1015. [PMID: 35668112 PMCID: PMC9246715 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial microorganisms are used to stimulate the germination of seeds; however, their growth-promoting mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Bacillus subtilis is commonly found in association with different plant organs, providing protection against pathogens or stimulating plant growth. We report that application of B. subtilis to melon seeds results in genetic and physiological responses in seeds that alter the metabolic and developmental status in 5-d and 1-month-old plants upon germination. We analysed mutants in different components of the extracellular matrix of B. subtilis biofilms in interaction with seeds and found cooperation in bacterial colonization of seed storage tissues and growth promotion. Combining confocal microscopy with fluorogenic probes, we found that two specific components of the extracellular matrix, amyloid protein TasA and fengycin, differentially increased the concentrations of reactive oxygen species inside seeds. Further, using electron and fluorescence microscopy and metabolomics, we showed that both TasA and fengycin targeted the oil bodies in the seed endosperm, resulting in specific changes in lipid metabolism and accumulation of glutathione-related molecules. In turn, this results in two different plant growth developmental programmes: TasA and fengycin stimulate the development of radicles, and fengycin alone stimulate the growth of adult plants and resistance in the phylloplane to the fungus Botrytis cinerea. Understanding mechanisms of bacterial growth promotion will enable the design of bespoke growth promotion strains. Mechanisms of growth promotion of Bacillus subtilis on melon seeds are identified using a combination of multi-omics and microscopy.
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16
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Sun Y, Yang H, Li J. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Response Mechanism of Frl-Mediated Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) Infection in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137078. [PMID: 35806084 PMCID: PMC9267026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR) is an extremely destructive soil-borne disease. To date, studies have shown that only plants with tomato mosaic virus (TMV) resistance exhibit similar resistance to tomato Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) and have identified a single relevant gene, Frl, in Peruvian tomato. Due to the relative lack of research on FCRR disease-resistance genes in China and elsewhere, transcriptome data for FORL-resistant (cv. ‘19912’) and FORL-susceptible (cv. ‘Moneymaker’) tomato cultivars were analysed for the first time in this study. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was higher in Moneymaker than in 19912, and 189 DEGs in the ‘plant–pathogen interaction’ pathway were subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. MAPK and WRKY genes were enriched in major metabolic pathways related to plant disease resistance; thus, we focused on these two gene families. In the early stage of tomato infection, the content of JA and SA increased, but the change in JA was more obvious. Fourteen genes were selected for confirmation of their differential expression levels by qRT-PCR. This study provides a series of novel disease resistance resources for tomato breeding and genetic resources for screening and cloning FORL resistance genes.
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17
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Zhang L, Song J, Peng L, Xie W, Li S, Wang J. Comprehensive Biochemical, Physiological, and Transcriptomic Analyses Provide Insights Into Floral Bud Dormancy in Rhododendron delavayi Franch. Front Genet 2022; 13:856922. [PMID: 35656313 PMCID: PMC9152171 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.856922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to a scarcity of relevant data, the ornamental woody flower Rhododendron delavayi Franch. is examined in the current study for its low temperature-induced floral bud dormancy (late October-end December) aspect. This study used transcriptome data profiling and co-expression network analyses to identify the interplay between endogenous hormones and bud dormancy phases such as pre-dormancy, para-dormancy, endo-dormancy, eco-dormancy, and dormancy release. The biochemical and physiological assays revealed the significance of the abundance of phytohormones (abscisic acid, auxin, zeatin, and gibberellins), carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative species, and proteins (soluble proteins, proline, and malondialdehyde) in the regulatory mechanism of floral bud dormancy. The transcriptome sequencing generated 65,531 transcripts, out of which 504, 514, 307, and 240 expressed transcripts were mapped uniquely to pre-, para-, endo-, and eco-phases of dormancy, showing their roles in the stimulation of dormancy. The transcripts related to LEA29, PGM, SAUR family, RPL9e, ATRX, FLOWERING LOCUS T, SERK1, ABFs, ASR2, and GID1 were identified as potential structural genes involved in floral bud dormancy. The transcription factors, including Zinc fingers, CAD, MADS-box family, MYB, and MYC2, revealed their potential regulatory roles concerning floral bud dormancy. The gene co-expression analysis highlighted essential hub genes involved in cold stress adaptations encoding proteins, viz, SERPIN, HMA, PMEI, LEA_2, TRX, PSBT, and AMAT. We exposed the connection among low temperature-induced dormancy in floral buds, differentially expressed genes, and hub genes via strict screening steps to escalate the confidence in selected genes as being truly putative in the pathways regulating bud dormancy mechanism. The identified candidate genes may prove worthy of further in-depth studies on molecular mechanisms involved in floral bud dormancy of Rhododendron species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Song
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming, China
| | - Lvchun Peng
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming, China
| | - Weijia Xie
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming, China
| | - Shifeng Li
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming, China
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18
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Cowles KN, Block AK, Barak JD. Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri TAL effector AvrHah1 is necessary and sufficient for increased persistence of Salmonella enterica on tomato leaves. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7313. [PMID: 35508535 PMCID: PMC9068798 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is ubiquitous in the plant environment, persisting in the face of UV stress, plant defense responses, desiccation, and nutrient limitation. These fluctuating conditions of the leaf surface result in S. enterica population decline. Biomultipliers, such as the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri (Xhg), alter the phyllosphere to the benefit of S. enterica. Specific Xhg-dependent changes to this niche that promote S. enterica persistence remain unclear, and this work focuses on identifying factors that lead to increased S. enterica survival on leaves. Here, we show that the Xhg transcription activator-like effector AvrHah1 is both necessary and sufficient for increased survival of S. enterica on tomato leaves. An Xhg avrHah1 mutant fails to influence S. enterica survival while addition of avrHah1 to X. vesicatoria provides a gain of function. Our results indicate that although Xhg stimulates a robust immune response from the plant, AvrHah1 is not required for these effects. In addition, we demonstrate that cellular leakage that occurs during disease is independent of AvrHah1. Investigation of the interaction between S. enterica, Xhg, and the plant host provides information regarding how an inhospitable environment changes during infection and can be transformed into a habitable niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly N Cowles
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anna K Block
- Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jeri D Barak
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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19
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Transcriptome Analysis of the Cf-13-Mediated Hypersensitive Response of Tomato to Cladosporium fulvum Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094844. [PMID: 35563232 PMCID: PMC9102077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato leaf mold disease caused by Cladosporium fulvum (C. fulvum) is one of the most common diseases affecting greenhouse tomato production. Cf proteins can recognize corresponding AVR proteins produced by C. fulvum, and Cf genes are associated with leaf mold resistance. Given that there are many physiological races of C. fulvum and that these races rapidly mutate, resistance to common Cf genes (such as Cf-2, Cf-4, Cf-5, and Cf-9) has decreased. In the field, Ont7813 plants (carrying the Cf-13 gene) show effective resistance to C. fulvum; thus, these plants could be used as new, disease-resistant materials. To explore the mechanism of the Cf-13-mediated resistance response, transcriptome sequencing was performed on three replicates each of Ont7813 (Cf-13) and Moneymaker (MM; carrying the Cf-0 gene) at 0, 9, and 15 days after inoculation (dai) for a total of 18 samples. In total, 943 genes were differentially expressed, specifically in the Ont7813 response process as compared to the Moneymaker response process. Gene ontology (GO) classification of these 943 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that GO terms, including "hydrogen peroxide metabolic process (GO_Process)", "secondary active transmembrane transporter activity (GO_Function)", and "mismatch repair complex (GO_Component)", which were the same as 11 other GO terms, were significantly enriched. An analysis of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed that many key regulatory genes of the Cf-13-mediated resistance response processes were involved in the "plant hormone signal transduction" pathway, the "plant-pathogen interaction" pathway, and the "MAPK signaling pathway-plant" pathway. Moreover, during C. fulvum infection, jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) contents significantly increased in Ont7813 at the early stage. These results lay a vital foundation for further understanding the molecular mechanism of the Cf-13 gene in response to C. fulvum infection.
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20
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Liu C, Zhang Y, Tan Y, Zhao T, Xu X, Yang H, Li J. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated SlMYBS2 Mutagenesis Reduces Tomato Resistance to Phytophthora infestans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11423. [PMID: 34768853 PMCID: PMC8583707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans) recently caused epidemics of tomato late blight. Our study aimed to identify the function of the SlMYBS2 gene in response to tomato late blight. To further investigate the function of SlMYBS2 in tomato resistance to P. infestans, we studied the effects of SlMYBS2 gene knock out. The SlMYBS2 gene was knocked out by CRISPR-Cas9, and the resulting plants (SlMYBS2 gene knockout, slmybs2-c) showed reduced resistance to P. infestans, accompanied by increases in the number of necrotic cells, lesion sizes, and disease index. Furthermore, after P. infestans infection, the expression levels of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes in slmybs2-c plants were significantly lower than those in wild-type (AC) plants, while the number of necrotic cells and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were higher than those in wild-type plants. Taken together, these results indicate that SlMYBS2 acts as a positive regulator of tomato resistance to P. infestans infection by regulating the ROS level and the expression level of PR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Huanhuan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.T.); (T.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Jingfu Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (C.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.T.); (T.Z.); (X.X.)
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21
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Singh J, Aggarwal R, Bashyal BM, Darshan K, Parmar P, Saharan MS, Hussain Z, Solanke AU. Transcriptome Reprogramming of Tomato Orchestrate the Hormone Signaling Network of Systemic Resistance Induced by Chaetomium globosum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:721193. [PMID: 34630468 PMCID: PMC8495223 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.721193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chaetomium globosum is a potential biological control agent effective against various plant pathogens. Several reports are available on the mycoparastism and antibiosis mechanisms of C. globosum against plant pathogenic fungi, whereas a few states induced resistance. The potential induced defense component of C. globosum (Cg-2) was evaluated against early blight disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and further, global RNA sequencing was performed to gain deep insight into its mechanism. The expression of marker genes of hormone signaling pathways, such as PR1, PiII, PS, PAL, Le4, and GluB were analyzed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) to determine the best time point for RNA sequencing. The transcriptome data revealed that 22,473 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were expressed in tomato at 12 h post Cg-2 inoculation as compared with control plants and among these 922 DEGs had a fold change of -2 to +2 with p < 0.05. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that most of the DEGs were belonging to metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant-pathogen interaction, chlorophyll metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that DEGs were enriched mainly related to binding activity (GO:0005488), catalytic activity (GO:0003824), metabolic process (GO:0008152), cellular process (GO:0009987), response to stimulus (GO:0050896), biological regulation (GO:0065007), and transcription regulator activity (GO:0140110). The gene modulations in hormone signaling transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPK) signaling indicated the upregulation of genes in these pathways. The results revealed active participation of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling transduction pathways which further indicated the involvement of induced systemic resistance (ISR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in the systemic resistance induced by Cg-2 in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagmohan Singh
- Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi Aggarwal
- Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Bishnu Maya Bashyal
- Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - K Darshan
- Forest Protection Division, IC FRE-Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur, India
| | - Pooja Parmar
- Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - M S Saharan
- Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Zakir Hussain
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Amolkumar U Solanke
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, India
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22
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Pochonia chlamydosporia Isolate PC-170-Induced Expression of Marker Genes for Defense Pathways in Tomatoes Challenged by Different Pathogens. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091882. [PMID: 34576777 PMCID: PMC8470021 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pochonia chlamydosporia is a fungal parasite of nematode eggs. Studies have shown that some strains of Pochonia chlamydosporia can promote plant growth and induce plants’ systemic resistance to root-knot nematodes by colonizing in their roots. This study aimed to verify the effect of the PC-170 strain on tomato growth and systemic resistance. Split-root experiments were conducted to observe the systemic resistance induced by PC-170. To explore the defense pathway that was excited due to the colonization by PC-170, we tested the expression of marker genes for defense pathways, and used mutant lines to verify the role of plant defense pathways. Our results showed that PC-170 can colonize roots, and promotes growth. We found a role for jasmonic acid (JA) in modulating tomato colonization by PC-170. PC-170 can activate tomato defense responses to reduce susceptibility to infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and induced resistance to some pathogens in tomatoes. The marker genes of the defense pathway were significantly induced after PC-170 colonization. However, salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent defenses in roots were variable with the invasion of different pathogens. Defense pathways play different roles at different points in time. SA- and JA-dependent defense pathways were shown to cross-communicate. Different phytohormones have been involved in tomato plants’ responses against different pathogens. Our study confirmed that adaptive JA signaling is necessary to regulate PC-170 colonization and induce systemic resistance in tomatoes.
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23
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Qiu S, Chen X, Zhai Y, Cui W, Ai X, Rao S, Chen J, Yan F. Downregulation of Light-Harvesting Complex II Induces ROS-Mediated Defense Against Turnip Mosaic Virus Infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:690988. [PMID: 34290685 PMCID: PMC8287655 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.690988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex protein 3 (LHCB3) of photosystem II plays important roles distributing the excitation energy and modulating the rate of state transition and stomatal response to abscisic acid. However, the functions of LHCB3 in plant immunity have not been well investigated. Here, we show that the expression of LHCB3 in Nicotiana benthamiana (NbLHCB3) was down-regulated by turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infection. When NbLHCB3 was silenced by tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing, systemic infection of TuMV was inhibited. H2O2 was over-accumulated in NbLHCB3-silenced plants. Chemical treatment to inhibit or eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) impaired the resistance of the NbLHCB3-silenced plants to TuMV infection. Co-silencing of NbLHCB3 with genes involved in ROS production compromised the resistance of plants to TuMV but co-silencing of NbLHCB3 with genes in the ROS scavenging pathway increased resistance to the virus. Transgenic plants overexpressing NbLHCB3 were more susceptible to TuMV. These results indicate that downregulation of NbLHCB3 is involved in defense against TuMV by inducing ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyou Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yushan Zhai
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuhong Ai
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaofei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Moreno-Pérez A, Ramos C, Rodríguez-Moreno L. HrpL Regulon of Bacterial Pathogen of Woody Host Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi NCPPB 3335. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071447. [PMID: 34361883 PMCID: PMC8303149 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pseudomonas savastanoi species comprises a group of phytopathogenic bacteria that cause symptoms of disease in woody hosts. This is mediated by the rapid activation of a pool of virulence factors that suppress host defences and hijack the host’s metabolism to the pathogen’s benefit. The hrpL gene encodes an essential transcriptional regulator of virulence functions, including the type III secretion system (T3SS), in pathogenic bacteria. Here, we analyzed the contribution of HrpL to the virulence of four pathovars (pv.) of P. savastanoi isolated from different woody hosts (oleander, ash, broom, and dipladenia) and characterized the HrpL regulon of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi NCPPB 3335 using two approaches: whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and the bioinformatic prediction of candidate genes containing an hrp-box. Pathogenicity tests carried out for the P. savastanoi pvs. showed that HrpL was essential for symptom development in both non-host and host plants. The RNA-seq analysis of the HrpL regulon in P. savastanoi revealed a total of 53 deregulated genes, 49 of which were downregulated in the ΔhrpL mutant. Bioinformatic prediction resulted in the identification of 50 putative genes containing an hrp-box, 16 of which were shared with genes previously identified by RNA-seq. Although most of the genes regulated by HrpL belonged to the T3SS, we also identified some genes regulated by HrpL that could encode potential virulence factors in P. savastanoi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Moreno-Pérez
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, E-29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Departamento de Microbiología y Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea «La Mayora», Extensión Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), E-29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Cayo Ramos
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, E-29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Departamento de Microbiología y Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea «La Mayora», Extensión Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), E-29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (L.R.-M.); Tel.: +34-952-132-146 (C.R.); +34-952-132-131 (L.R.-M.)
| | - Luis Rodríguez-Moreno
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, E-29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Departamento de Microbiología y Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea «La Mayora», Extensión Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), E-29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (L.R.-M.); Tel.: +34-952-132-146 (C.R.); +34-952-132-131 (L.R.-M.)
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25
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Wu C, Cheng H, Li S, Zuo D, Lin Z, Zhang Y, Lv L, Wang Q, Song G. Molecular cloning and characterization of GhERF105, a gene contributing to the regulation of gland formation in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:102. [PMID: 33602142 PMCID: PMC7893949 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton) is one of the most economically important crops in the world due to its significant source of fiber, feed, foodstuff, oil and biofuel products. However, the utilization of cottonseed was limited due to the presence of small and darkly pigmented glands that contain large amounts of gossypol, which is toxic to human beings and non-ruminant animals. To date, some progress has been made in the pigment gland formation, but the underlying molecular mechanism of its formation was still unclear. RESULTS In this study, we identified an AP2/ERF transcription factor named GhERF105 (GH_A12G2166), which was involved in the regulation of gland pigmentation by the comparative transcriptome analysis of the leaf of glanded and glandless plants. It encoded an ERF protein containing a converved AP2 domain which was localized in the nucleus with transcriptional activity, and showed the high expression in glanded cotton accessions that contained much gossypol. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) against GhERF105 caused the dramatic reduction in the number of glands and significantly lowered levels of gossypol in cotton leaves. GhERF105 showed the patterns of spatiotemporal and inducible expression in the glanded plants. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that GhERF105 contributes to the pigment gland formation and gossypol biosynthesis in partial organs of glanded plant. It also provides a potential molecular basis to generate 'glandless-seed' and 'glanded-plant' cotton cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Wu
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Hailiang Cheng
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Shuyan Li
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Dongyun Zuo
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Zhongxu Lin
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Youping Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Limin Lv
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Qiaolian Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Guoli Song
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
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26
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Jiang L, Lu Y, Zheng X, Yang X, Chen Y, Zhang T, Zhao X, Wang S, Zhao X, Song X, Zhang X, Peng J, Zheng H, Lin L, MacFarlane S, Liu Y, Chen J, Yan F. The plant protein NbP3IP directs degradation of Rice stripe virus p3 silencing suppressor protein to limit virus infection through interaction with the autophagy-related protein NbATG8. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1036-1051. [PMID: 32898938 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In plants, autophagy is involved in responses to viral infection. However, the role of host factors in mediating autophagy to suppress viruses is poorly understood. A previously uncharacterized plant protein, NbP3IP, was shown to interact with p3, an RNA-silencing suppressor protein encoded by Rice stripe virus (RSV), a negative-strand RNA virus. The potential roles of NbP3IP in RSV infection were examined. NbP3IP degraded p3 through the autophagy pathway, thereby affecting the silencing suppression activity of p3. Transgenic overexpression of NbP3IP conferred resistance to RSV infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. RSV infection was promoted in ATG5- or ATG7-silenced plants and was inhibited in GAPC-silenced plants where autophagy was activated, confirming the role of autophagy in suppressing RSV infection. NbP3IP interacted with NbATG8f, indicating a potential selective autophagosomal cargo receptor role for P3IP. Additionally, the rice NbP3IP homolog (OsP3IP) also mediated p3 degradation and interacted with OsATG8b and p3. Through identification of the involvement of P3IP in the autophagy-mediated degradation of RSV p3, we reveal a new mechanism to antagonize the infection of RSV, and thereby provide the first evidence that autophagy can play an antiviral role against negative-strand RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiyin Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xijiao Song
- Public Lab, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Stuart MacFarlane
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
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27
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Nachappa P, Challacombe J, Margolies DC, Nechols JR, Whitfield AE, Rotenberg D. Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Benefits Its Thrips Vector by Modulating Metabolic and Plant Defense Pathways in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:575564. [PMID: 33424878 PMCID: PMC7793759 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.575564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Several plant viruses modulate vector fitness and behavior in ways that may enhance virus transmission. Previous studies have documented indirect, plant-mediated effects of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection on the fecundity, growth and survival of its principal thrips vector, Frankliniella occidentalis, the western flower thrips. We conducted thrips performance and preference experiments combined with plant gene expression, phytohormone and total free amino acid analyses to determine if systemically-infected tomato plants modulate primary metabolic and defense-related pathways to culminate into a more favorable environment for the vector. In a greenhouse setting, we documented a significant increase in the number of offspring produced by F. occidentalis on TSWV-infected tomato plants compared to mock-inoculated plants, and in choice test assays, females exhibited enhanced settling on TSWV-infected leaves. Microarray analysis combined with phytohormone signaling pathway analysis revealed reciprocal modulation of key phytohormone pathways under dual attack, possibly indicating a coordinated and dampening defense against the vector on infected plants. TSWV infection, alone or in combination with thrips, suppressed genes associated with photosynthesis and chloroplast function thereby significantly impacting primary metabolism of the host plant, and hierarchical cluster and network analyses revealed that many of these genes were co-regulated with phytohormone defense signaling genes. TSWV infection increased expression of genes related to protein synthesis and degradation which was reflected in the increased total free amino acid content in virus-infected plants that harbored higher thrips populations. These results suggest coordinated gene networks that regulate plant primary metabolism and defense responses rendering virus-infected plants more conducive for vector colonization, an outcome that is potentially beneficial to the vector and the virus when considered within the context of the complex transmission biology of TSWV. To our knowledge this is the first study to identify global transcriptional networks that underlie the TSWV-thrips interaction as compared to a single mechanistic approach. Findings of this study increase our fundamental knowledge of host plant-virus-vector interactions and identifies underlying mechanisms of induced host susceptibility to the insect vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punya Nachappa
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jean Challacombe
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - David C. Margolies
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - James R. Nechols
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Anna E. Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Dorith Rotenberg
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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28
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Santamaría‐Hernando S, Cerna‐Vargas JP, Martínez‐García PM, de Francisco‐de Polanco S, Nebreda S, Rodríguez‐Palenzuela P, Rodríguez‐Herva JJ, López‐Solanilla E. Blue-light perception by epiphytic Pseudomonas syringae drives chemoreceptor expression, enabling efficient plant infection. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:1606-1619. [PMID: 33029921 PMCID: PMC7694672 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation and efficient colonization of the phyllosphere are essential processes for the switch to an epiphytic stage in foliar bacterial pathogens. Here, we explore the interplay among light perception and global transcriptomic alterations in epiphytic populations of the hemibiotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PsPto) following contact with tomato leaves. We found that blue-light perception by PsPto on leaf surfaces is required for optimal colonization. Blue light triggers the activation of metabolic activity and increases the transcript levels of five chemoreceptors through the function of light oxygen voltage and BphP1 photoreceptors. The inactivation of PSPTO_1008 and PSPTO_2526 chemoreceptors causes a reduction in virulence. Our results indicate that during PsPto interaction with tomato plants, light perception, chemotaxis, and virulence are highly interwoven processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saray Santamaría‐Hernando
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
| | - Jean Paul Cerna‐Vargas
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
| | - Pedro Manuel Martínez‐García
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa‐CABIMERAvenida Americo VespucioSevilleSpain
| | - Sofía de Francisco‐de Polanco
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita SalasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Ramiro de MaeztuMadridSpain
| | - Sandra Nebreda
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez‐Palenzuela
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
- Departamento de Biotecnología‐Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería AgronómicaAlimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
| | - José Juan Rodríguez‐Herva
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
- Departamento de Biotecnología‐Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería AgronómicaAlimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Emilia López‐Solanilla
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGPUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Pozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain
- Departamento de Biotecnología‐Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería AgronómicaAlimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
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Bai J, Wei Q, Shu J, Gan Z, Li B, Yan D, Huang Z, Guo Y, Wang X, Zhang L, Cui Y, Lu X, Lu J, Pan C, Hu J, Du Y, Liu L, Li J. Exploration of resistance to Phelipanche aegyptiaca in tomato. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3806-3821. [PMID: 32483849 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cultivated tomatoes are highly susceptible to the destructive parasite Phelipanche aegyptiaca. Wild relatives show the potential resistance for genetic improvement. However, their genetic and molecular mechanisms are still unknown. RESULTS Among 50 wild tomato accessions were evaluated for resistance to P. aegyptiaca, most of the wild relatives exhibited varying degrees of resistance compared to the cultivars. Solanum pennellii LA0716 performed the most promising and solid resistance with very low infection by the broomrape. The resistance involved in LA0716 was further confirmed by cytological analysis, and explored by employing a permanent introgression line (IL) population. Thirteen putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring the different resistance traits were identified. They are located on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 9. The most attractive QTLs are positioned in IL6-2 and overlap with IL6-3. Specially, IL6-2 showed the highest and most consistent resistance for multiple traits and explained the major phenotypic variation of LA0716. Analysis of candidate genes involved in these regions showed that Beta (Solyc06g074240) and P450 (Solyc06g073570, Solyc06g074180 and Solyc06g074420) genes are substantially related to the strigolactone (SL) pathway. Transcript analysis further demonstrated that both Solyc06g073570 and Solyc06g074180 might play an important role in the reduction of P. aegyptiaca infection. CONCLUSION Germplasms resistant to P. aegyptiaca were found in wild tomato species. QTLs conferring P. aegyptiaca tolerance in LA0716 were identified. IL6-2 is identified as a prospective line possessing the major QTLs. The candidate genes would provide the availability to assist the introgression of the resistance in future breeding programmes. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- COFCO Tunhe Seed, Co., Ltd, Xinjiang, 831100, China
| | - Jinshuai Shu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | | | - Beijin Li
- COFCO Tunhe Seed, Co., Ltd, Xinjiang, 831100, China
| | - Delin Yan
- COFCO Tunhe Seed, Co., Ltd, Xinjiang, 831100, China
| | - Zejun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanmei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Luxia Zhang
- COFCO Tunhe Seed, Co., Ltd, Xinjiang, 831100, China
| | - Yanan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunyang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongchen Du
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junming Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Yang H, Shen F, Wang H, Zhao T, Zhang H, Jiang J, Xu X, Li J. Functional analysis of the SlERF01 gene in disease resistance to S. lycopersici. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:376. [PMID: 32799800 PMCID: PMC7429758 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02588-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tomato gray leaf spot caused by Stemphylium lycopersici (S. lycopersici) is a serious disease that can severely hinder tomato production. To date, only Sm has been reported to provide resistance against this disease, and the molecular mechanism underlying resistance to this disease in tomato remains unclear. To better understand the mechanism of tomato resistance to S. lycopersici, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)-based analysis, physiological indexes, microscopy observations and transgenic technology were used in this study. RESULTS Our results showed that the expression of SlERF01 was strongly induced by S. lycopersici and by exogenous applications of the hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Furthermore, overexpression of SlERF01 enhanced the hypersensitive response (HR) to S. lycopersici and elevated the expression of defense genes in tomato. Furthermore, the accumulation of lignin, callose and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increased in the transgenic lines after inoculation with S. lycopersici. Taken together, our results showed that SlERF01 played an indispensable role in multiple SA, JA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways to provide resistance to S. lycopersici invasion. Our findings also indicated that SlERF01 could activate the expression of the PR1 gene and enhance resistance to S. lycopersici. CONCLUSIONS We identified the SlERF01 gene, which encodes a novel tomato AP2/ERF transcription factor (TF). Functional analysis revealed that SlERF01 positively regulates tomato resistance to S. lycopersici. Our findings indicate that SlERF01 plays a key role in multiple SA, JA and ROS signaling pathways to provide resistance to invasion by S. lycopersici. The findings of this study not only help to better understand the mechanisms of response to pathogens but also enable targeted breeding strategies for tomato resistance to S. lycopersici.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Fengyi Shen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hexuan Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jingbin Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Jingfu Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Dual functionality of the amyloid protein TasA in Bacillus physiology and fitness on the phylloplane. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1859. [PMID: 32313019 PMCID: PMC7171179 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15758-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria can form biofilms that consist of multicellular communities embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM). In Bacillus subtilis, the main protein component of the ECM is the functional amyloid TasA. Here, we study further the roles played by TasA in B. subtilis physiology and biofilm formation on plant leaves and in vitro. We show that ΔtasA cells exhibit a range of cytological symptoms indicative of excessive cellular stress leading to increased cell death. TasA associates to the detergent-resistant fraction of the cell membrane, and the distribution of the flotillin-like protein FloT is altered in ΔtasA cells. We propose that, in addition to a structural function during ECM assembly and interactions with plants, TasA contributes to the stabilization of membrane dynamics as cells enter stationary phase. The amyloid protein TasA is a main component of the extracellular matrix in Bacillus subtilis biofilms. Here the authors show that, in addition to a structural function during biofilm assembly and interactions with plants, TasA contributes to the stabilization of membrane dynamics during stationary phase.
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Beris D, Kotsaridis K, Vakirlis N, Termentzi A, Theologidis I, Moury B, Vassilakos N. The plasma membrane Cation binding protein 1 affects accumulation of Potato virus Y in pepper both at the systemic level and in protoplasts. Virus Res 2020; 280:197899. [PMID: 32067976 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Plasma membrane Cation binding Protein 1 (PCaP1) has been shown to be important for the intra-cellular movement of two members of the Potyvirus genus in arabidopsis and tobacco plants. In this study, the orthologous PCaP1 gene of pepper (Capsicum annuum) was examined for its role in the accumulation of Potato virus Y, type member of the Potyvirus. Downregulation of C. annuum PCaP (CaPCaP) through tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing, resulted in lower accumulation of potato virus Y (PVY) in pepper plants. Using an improved pepper protoplast isolation protocol, we showed that knockdown of CaPCaP negatively affected PVY accumulation at the within-cell level in pepper in contrast with the turnip mosaic virus-arabidopsis pathosystem. Conversely, following overexpression of CaPCaP, the accumulation of PVY at the systemic level was increased. The results provide further knowledge on the role of PCaP in the potyvirus infection process and reveal differences of its action among different pathosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Beris
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Virology, 14561 Kifissia, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Kotsaridis
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Virology, 14561 Kifissia, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Vakirlis
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Virology, 14561 Kifissia, Greece.
| | - Aikaterini Termentzi
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, 14561 Kifissia, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Theologidis
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Virology, 14561 Kifissia, Greece.
| | - Benoit Moury
- Pathologie Végétale, INRA, 84140 Montfavet, France.
| | - Nikon Vassilakos
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Virology, 14561 Kifissia, Greece.
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Sun RZ, Cheng G, Li Q, Zhu YR, Zhang X, Wang Y, He YN, Li SY, He L, Chen W, Pan QH, Duan CQ, Wang J. Comparative physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses reveal developmental stage-dependent effects of cluster bagging on phenolic metabolism in Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:583. [PMID: 31878879 PMCID: PMC6933938 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light conditions significantly influence grape berry ripening and the accumulation of phenolic compounds, but the underlying molecular basis remains partially understood. Here, we applied integrated transcriptomics and pathway-level metabolomics analyses to investigate the effect of cluster bagging during various developmental stages on phenolic metabolism in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. RESULTS Bagging treatments had limited effects on berry quality attributes at harvest and did not consistently affect phenolic acid biosynthesis between seasons. Significantly elevated flavan-3-ol and flavonol contents were detected in re-exposed berries after bagging during early-developmental stages, while bagging after véraison markedly inhibited skin anthocyanin accumulation. Several anthocyanin derivatives and flavonol glycosides were identified as marker phenolic metabolites for distinguishing bagged and non-bagged grapes. Coordinated transcriptional changes in the light signaling components CRY2 and HY5/HYHs, transcription regulator MYBA1, and enzymes LAR, ANR, UFGT and FLS4, coincided well with light-responsive biosynthesis of the corresponding flavonoids. The activation of multiple hormone signaling pathways after both light exclusion and re-exposure treatments was inconsistent with the changes in phenolic accumulation, indicating a limited role of plant hormones in mediating light/darkness-regulated phenolic biosynthesis processes. Furthermore, gene-gene and gene-metabolite network analyses discovered that the light-responsive expression of genes encoding bHLH, MYB, WRKY, NAC, and MADS-box transcription factors, and proteins involved in genetic information processing and epigenetic regulation such as nucleosome assembly and histone acetylation, showed a high positive correlation with grape berry phenolic accumulation in response to different light regimes. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our findings provide novel insights into the understanding of berry phenolic biosynthesis under light/darkness and practical guidance for improving grape features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Ze Sun
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Grape and Wine Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yan-Rong Zhu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Nongfu Spring Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Ruifeng Oseis (Yantai) Wine Manor Co. Ltd., Yantai, 264010, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan-Nan He
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Si-Yu Li
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lei He
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wu Chen
- CITIC Guoan Wine Co. Ltd., Xinjiang, 832200, Manasi, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Zhao T, Liu W, Zhao Z, Yang H, Bao Y, Zhang D, Wang Z, Jiang J, Xu Y, Zhang H, Li J, Chen Q, Xu X. Transcriptome profiling reveals the response process of tomato carrying Cf-19 and Cladosporium fulvum interaction. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:572. [PMID: 31856725 PMCID: PMC6923989 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During tomato cultivation, tomato leaf mould is a common disease caused by Cladosporium fulvum (C. fulvum). By encoding Cf proteins, which can recognize corresponding AVR proteins produced by C. fulvum, Cf genes provide resistance to C. fulvum, and the resistance response patterns mediated by different Cf genes are not identical. Plants carrying the Cf-19 gene show effective resistance to C. fulvum in the field and can be used as new resistant materials in breeding. In this study, to identify key regulatory genes related to resistance and to understand the resistance response process in tomato plants carrying Cf-19, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to analyse the differences between the response of resistant plants (CGN18423, carrying the Cf-19 gene) and susceptible plants (Moneymaker (MM), carrying the Cf-0 gene) at 0, 7 and 20 days after inoculation (dai). RESULTS A total of 418 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified specifically in the CGN18423 response process. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that GO terms including "plasma membrane (GO_Component)", "histidine decarboxylase activity (GO_Function)", and "carboxylic acid metabolic process (GO_Process)", as well as other 10 GO terms, were significantly enriched. The "plant hormone signal transduction" pathway, which was unique to CGN18423 in the 0-7 dai comparison, was identified. Moreover, ten key regulatory points were screened from the "plant hormone signal transduction" pathway and the "plant pathogen interaction" pathway. Hormone content measurements revealed that the salicylic acid (SA) contents increased and peaked at 7 dai, after which the contents deceased and reached minimum values in both CGN18423 and MM plants at 20 dai. The jasmonic acid (JA) content increased to a very high level at 7 dai but then decreased to nearly the initial level at 20 dai in CGN18423, while it continued to increase slightly during the whole process from 0 to 20 dai in MM. CONCLUSIONS The initial responses are very different between the resistant and susceptible plants. The "plant hormone signal transduction" pathway is important for the formation of Cf-19-mediated immunity. In addition, both JA and SA play roles in regulating the Cf-19-dependent resistance response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Wenhong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Zhentong Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Yufang Bao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Dongye Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Jingbin Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Jingfu Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Qingshan Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
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Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBI600 differentially induces tomato defense signaling pathways depending on plant part and dose of application. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19120. [PMID: 31836790 PMCID: PMC6910970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as a biological control agent relies on its ability to outgrow plant pathogens. It is also thought to interact with its plant host by inducing systemic resistance. In this study, the ability of B. amyloliquefaciens MBI600 to elicit defense (or other) responses in tomato seedlings and plants was assessed upon the expression of marker genes and transcriptomic analysis. Spray application of Serifel, a commercial formulation of MBI600, induced responses in a dose-dependent manner. Low dosage primed plant defense by activation of SA-responsive genes. Suggested dosage induced defense by mediating synergistic cross-talk between JA/ET and SA-signaling. Saturation of tomato roots or leaves with MBI600 elicitors activated JA/ET signaling at the expense of SA-mediated responses. The complex signaling network that is implicated in MBI600-tomato seedling interactions was mapped. MBI600 and flg22 (a bacterial flagellin peptide) elicitors induced, in a similar manner, biotic and abiotic stress responses by the coordinated activation of genes involved in JA/ET biosynthesis as well as hormone and redox signaling. This is the first study to suggest the activation of plant defense following the application of a commercial microbial formulation under conditions of greenhouse crop production.
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Zeng H, Xie Y, Liu G, Wei Y, Hu W, Shi H. Agrobacterium-Mediated Gene Transient Overexpression and Tobacco Rattle Virus (TRV)-Based Gene Silencing in Cassava. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3976. [PMID: 31443292 PMCID: PMC6719147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) are very useful in functional genomics in plants. However, whether these methods are effective in cassava (Manihot esculenta), one of the most important tropical crops, remains elusive. In this study, we used green fluorescent protein (GFP) and β-glucuronidase (GUS) as reporter genes in a transient expression assay. GFP or GUS could be detected in the infiltrated leaves at 2 days postinfiltration (dpi) and were evidenced by visual GFP and GUS assays, reverse-transcription PCR, and Western blot. In addition, phytoene desaturase (PDS) was used to show the silencing effect in a VIGS system. Both Agrobacterium GV3101 and AGL-1 with tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-MePDS-infiltrated distal leaves showed an albino phenotype at 20 dpi; in particular, the AGL-1-infiltrated plants showed an obvious albino area in the most distal leaves. Moreover, the silencing effect was validated by molecular identification. Notably, compared with the obvious cassava mosaic disease symptom infiltrated by African-cassava-mosaic-virus-based VIGS systems in previous studies, TRV-based VIGS-system-infiltrated cassava plants did not show obvious virus-induced disease symptoms, suggesting a significant advantage. Taken together, these methods could promote functional genomics in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiu Zeng
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yanwei Xie
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Guoyin Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yunxie Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Matsuo K, Atsumi G. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the RDR6 gene in Nicotiana benthamiana for efficient transient expression of recombinant proteins. PLANTA 2019; 250:463-473. [PMID: 31065786 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION RDR6 gene knockout Nicotiana benthamiana plant was successfully produced using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The production of recombinant proteins in plants has many advantages, such as safety and reduced costs. However, there are several problems with this technology, especially low levels of protein production. The dysfunction of the RNA silencing mechanism in plant cells would be effective to improve recombinant protein production because the RNA silencing mechanism efficiently degrades transgene-derived mRNAs. Therefore, to overcome this problem, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology was used to develop RNA silencing-related gene knockout transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana. We successfully produced RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6), one of the most important components of the RNA silencing mechanism-knockout N. benthamiana (ΔRDR6 plants). The ΔRDR6 plants had abnormal flowers and were sterile, as with the Arabidopsis RDR6 mutants. However, a transient gene expression assay showed that the ΔRDR6 plants accumulated larger amounts of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and GFP mRNA than the wild-type (WT) plants. Small RNA sequencing analysis revealed that levels of small interfering RNA against the GFP gene were greatly reduced in the ΔRDR6 plants, as compared to that of the WT plants. These findings demonstrate that the ΔRDR6 plants can express larger amounts of recombinant proteins than WT plants and, therefore, would be useful for recombinant protein production and understanding the contributions of RDR6 to genetic and physiological events in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Matsuo
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, 062-8517, Japan.
| | - Go Atsumi
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, 062-8517, Japan
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Santamaría-Hernando S, Senovilla M, González-Mula A, Martínez-García PM, Nebreda S, Rodríguez-Palenzuela P, López-Solanilla E, Rodríguez-Herva JJ. The Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 PSPTO_0820 multidrug transporter is involved in resistance to plant antimicrobials and bacterial survival during tomato plant infection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218815. [PMID: 31237890 PMCID: PMC6592562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance efflux pumps protect bacterial cells against a wide spectrum of antimicrobial compounds. PSPTO_0820 is a predicted multidrug transporter from the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Orthologs of this protein are conserved within many Pseudomonas species that interact with plants. To study the potential role of PSPTO_0820 in plant-bacteria interaction, a mutant in this gene was isolated and characterized. In addition, with the aim to find the outer membrane channel for this efflux system, a mutant in PSPTO_4977, a TolC-like gene, was also analyzed. Both mutants were more susceptible to trans-cinnamic and chlorogenic acids and to the flavonoid (+)-catechin, when added to the culture medium. The expression level of both genes increased in the presence of (+)-catechin and, in the case of PSPTO_0820, also in response to trans-cinnamic acid. PSPTO_0820 and PSPTO_4977 mutants were unable to colonize tomato at high population levels. This work evidences the involvement of these two proteins in the resistance to plant antimicrobials, supporting also the importance of chlorogenic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, and (+)-catechin in the tomato plant defense response against P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saray Santamaría-Hernando
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Senovilla
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena González-Mula
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Manuel Martínez-García
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Nebreda
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-Palenzuela
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia López-Solanilla
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Juan Rodríguez-Herva
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Zhou W, Wang S, Yang L, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Li B, Wang B, Li L, Wang D, Wang Z. Reference genes for qRT-PCR normalisation in different tissues, developmental stages, and stress conditions of Hypericum perforatum. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7133. [PMID: 31259099 PMCID: PMC6589333 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum L. is a widely known medicinal herb used mostly as a remedy for depression because it contains high levels of naphthodianthrones, phloroglucinols, alkaloids, and some other secondary metabolites. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is an optimized method for the efficient and reliable quantification of gene expression studies. In general, reference genes are used in qRT-PCR analysis because of their known or suspected housekeeping roles. However, their expression level cannot be assumed to remain stable under all possible experimental conditions. Thus, the identification of high quality reference genes is essential for the interpretation of qRT-PCR data. In this study, we investigated the expression of 14 candidate genes, including nine housekeeping genes (HKGs) (ACT2, ACT3, ACT7, CYP1, EF1-α, GAPDH, TUB-α, TUB-β, and UBC2) and five potential candidate genes (GSA, PKS1, PP2A, RPL13, and SAND). Three programs-GeNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper-were applied to evaluate the gene expression stability across four different plant tissues, four developmental stages and a set of abiotic stress and hormonal treatments. Integrating all of the algorithms and evaluations revealed that ACT2 and TUB-β were the most stable combination in different developmental stages samples and all of the experimental samples. ACT2, TUB-β, and EF1-α were identified as the three most applicable reference genes in different tissues and stress-treated samples. The majority of the conventional HKGs performed better than the potential reference genes. The obtained results will aid in improving the credibility of the standardization and quantification of transcription levels in future expression studies on H. perforatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiqiang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,College of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, NanChang, China
| | - Lin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Donghao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhezhi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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40
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Pan Q, Shikano I, Hoover K, Liu TX, Felton GW. Pathogen-Mediated Tritrophic Interactions: Baculovirus-Challenged Caterpillars Induce Higher Plant Defenses than Healthy Caterpillars. J Chem Ecol 2019; 45:515-524. [PMID: 31127421 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-019-01077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the tritrophic interactions of plants, insect herbivores and their natural enemies have been intensely studied for several decades, the roles of entomopathogens in their indirect modulation of plant-insect relationships is still unclear. Here, we employed a sublethal dose of a baculovirus with a relatively broad host range (AcMNPV) to explore if feeding by baculovirus-challenged Helicoverpa zea caterpillars induces direct defenses in the tomato plant. We examined induction of plant defenses following feeding by H. zea, including tomato plants fed on by healthy caterpillars, AcMNPV-challenged caterpillars, or undamaged controls, and subsequently compared the transcript levels of defense related proteins (i.e., trypsin proteinase inhibitors, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) and other defense genes (i.e., proteinase inhibitor II and cysteine proteinase inhibitor) from these plants, in addition to comparing caterpillar relative growth rates. As a result, AcMNPV-challenged caterpillars induced the highest plant anti-herbivore defenses. We examined several elicitors and effectors in the secretions of these caterpillars (i.e., glucose oxidase, phospholipase C, and ATPase hydrolysis), which surprisingly did not differ between treatments. Hence, we suggest that the greater induction of plant defenses by the virus-challenged caterpillars may be due to differences in the amount of these secretions deposited during feeding or to some other unknown factor(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinjian Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China. .,Department of Entomology and Center for Chemical Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Ikkei Shikano
- Department of Entomology and Center for Chemical Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kelli Hoover
- Department of Entomology and Center for Chemical Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Gary W Felton
- Department of Entomology and Center for Chemical Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Yang X, Lu Y, Zhao X, Jiang L, Xu S, Peng J, Zheng H, Lin L, Wu Y, MacFarlane S, Chen J, Yan F. Downregulation of Nuclear Protein H2B Induces Salicylic Acid Mediated Defense Against PVX Infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1000. [PMID: 31134032 PMCID: PMC6517552 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H2B protein is not only structurally important for chromosomal DNA packaging but is also involved in the regulation of gene expression, including the immune response of plants against pathogens. In this study, we show that the potato virus X (PVX) infection resulted in the reduced expression of H2B at both the mRNA and protein level in Nicotiana benthamiana. Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was then used to down-regulate the expression of H2B in N. benthamiana and tests showed that the titre of TRV was similar in these plants to that in control treated plants. When these H2B-silenced plants were inoculated with PVX, the virus spread more slowly through the plant and there was a lower titre of PVX compared to non-silenced plants. Abnormal leaf development and stem necrosis were observed in the H2B-silenced plants, which were alleviated in H2B-silenced NahG transgenic plants suggesting the involvement of salicylic acid (SA) in the production of these symptoms. Indeed, quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) results showed that endogenous SA is increased in H2B-silenced N. benthamiana. Thus, downregulation of H2B induced the accumulation of endogenous SA, which was correlated with stem necrosis and a decreased accumulation of PVX in N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liangliang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease – Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengchun Xu
- Central Laboratory of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease – Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease – Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease – Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Department of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Stuart MacFarlane
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jianping Chen
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease – Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Pombo MA, Ramos RN, Zheng Y, Fei Z, Martin GB, Rosli HG. Transcriptome-based identification and validation of reference genes for plant-bacteria interaction studies using Nicotiana benthamiana. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1632. [PMID: 30733563 PMCID: PMC6367355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RT-qPCR is a widely used technique for the analysis of gene expression. Accurate estimation of transcript abundance relies strongly on a normalization that requires the use of reference genes that are stably expressed in the conditions analyzed. Initially, they were adopted from those used in Northern blot experiments, but an increasing number of publications highlight the need to find and validate alternative reference genes for the particular system under study. The development of high-throughput sequencing techniques has facilitated the identification of such stably expressed genes. Nicotiana benthamiana has been extensively used as a model in the plant research field. In spite of this, there is scarce information regarding suitable RT-qPCR reference genes for this species. Employing RNA-seq data previously generated from tomato plants, combined with newly generated data from N. benthamiana leaves infiltrated with Pseudomonas fluorescens, we identified and tested a set of 9 candidate reference genes. Using three different algorithms, we found that NbUbe35, NbNQO and NbErpA exhibit less variable gene expression in our pathosystem than previously used genes. Furthermore, the combined use of the first two is sufficient for robust gene expression analysis. We encourage employing these novel reference genes in future RT-qPCR experiments involving N. benthamiana and Pseudomonas spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Pombo
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, INFIVE, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina N Ramos
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, INFIVE, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yi Zheng
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gregory B Martin
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Hernan G Rosli
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, INFIVE, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Mathioudakis MM, Khechmar S, Owen CA, Medina V, Ben Mansour K, Tomaszewska W, Spanos T, Sarris PF, Livieratos IC. A Thioredoxin Domain-Containing Protein Interacts with Pepino mosaic virus Triple Gene Block Protein 1. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3747. [PMID: 30477269 PMCID: PMC6320799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is a mechanically-transmitted tomato pathogen of importance worldwide. Interactions between the PepMV coat protein and triple gene block protein (TGBp1) with the host heat shock cognate protein 70 and catalase 1 (CAT1), respectively, have been previously reported by our lab. In this study, a novel tomato interactor (SlTXND9) was shown to bind the PepMV TGBp1 in yeast-two-hybrid screening, in vitro pull-down and bimolecular fluorescent complementation (BiFC) assays. SlTXND9 possesses part of the conserved thioredoxin (TRX) active site sequence (W__PC vs. WCXPC), and TXND9 orthologues cluster within the TRX phylogenetic superfamily closest to phosducin-like protein-3. In PepMV-infected and healthy Nicotiana benthamiana plants, NbTXND9 mRNA levels were comparable, and expression levels remained stable in both local and systemic leaves for 10 days post inoculation (dpi), as was also the case for catalase 1 (CAT1). To localize the TXND9 in plant cells, a polyclonal antiserum was produced. Purified α-SlTXND9 immunoglobulin (IgG) consistently detected a set of three protein bands in the range of 27⁻35 kDa, in the 1000 and 30,000 g pellets, and the soluble fraction of extracts of healthy and PepMV-infected N. benthamiana leaves, but not in the cell wall. These bands likely consist of the homologous protein NbTXND9 and its post-translationally modified derivatives. On electron microscopy, immuno-gold labelling of ultrathin sections of PepMV-infected N. benthamiana leaves using α-SlTXND9 IgG revealed particle accumulation close to plasmodesmata, suggesting a role in virus movement. Taken together, this study highlights a novel tomato-PepMV protein interaction and provides data on its localization in planta. Currently, studies focusing on the biological function of this interaction during PepMV infection are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthaios M Mathioudakis
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Alsylio Agrokepio, GR-73100 Chania, Greece.
| | - Souheyla Khechmar
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Alsylio Agrokepio, GR-73100 Chania, Greece.
| | - Carolyn A Owen
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Alsylio Agrokepio, GR-73100 Chania, Greece.
| | - Vicente Medina
- Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Karima Ben Mansour
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Alsylio Agrokepio, GR-73100 Chania, Greece.
| | - Weronika Tomaszewska
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Alsylio Agrokepio, GR-73100 Chania, Greece.
| | - Theodore Spanos
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Alsylio Agrokepio, GR-73100 Chania, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis F Sarris
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece.
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Ioannis C Livieratos
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Alsylio Agrokepio, GR-73100 Chania, Greece.
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Matsuo K, Atsumi G. Xylosylation of proteins by expression of human xylosyltransferase 2 in plants. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:371-378. [PMID: 29657126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Through the years, the post-translational modification of plant-made recombinant proteins has been a considerable problem. Protein glycosylation is arguably the most important post-translational modification; thus, for the humanization of protein glycosylation in plants, the introduction, repression, and knockout of many glycosylation-related genes has been carried out. In addition, plants lack mammalian-type protein O-glycosylation pathways; thus, for the synthesis of mammalian O-glycans in plants, the construction of these pathways is necessary. In this study, we successfully xylosylated the recombinant human proteoglycan core protein, serglycin, by transient expression of human xylosyltransferase 2 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. When human serglycin was co-expressed with human xylosyltransferase 2 in plants, multiple serine residues of eight xylosylation candidates were xylosylated. From the results of carbohydrate assays for total soluble proteins, some endogenous plant proteins also appeared to be xylosylated, likely through the actions of xylosyltransferase 2. The xylosylation of core proteins is the initial step of the glycosaminoglycan part of the synthesis of proteoglycans. In the future, these novel findings may lead to whole mammalian proteoglycan synthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Matsuo
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan.
| | - Go Atsumi
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan
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Obrępalska-Stęplowska A, Zmienko A, Wrzesińska B, Goralski M, Figlerowicz M, Zyprych-Walczak J, Siatkowski I, Pospieszny H. The Defense Response of Nicotiana benthamiana to Peanut Stunt Virus Infection in the Presence of Symptom Exacerbating Satellite RNA. Viruses 2018; 10:E449. [PMID: 30142955 PMCID: PMC6165542 DOI: 10.3390/v10090449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanut stunt virus (PSV) is a widespread disease infecting legumes. The PSV strains are classified into four subgroups and some are defined by the association of satellite RNAs (satRNAs). In the case of PSV, the presence of satRNAs alters the symptoms of disease in infected plants. In this study, we elucidated the plant response to PSV-G strain, which occurs in natural conditions without satRNA. However, it was found that it might easily acquire satRNA, which exacerbated pathogenesis in Nicotiana benthamiana. To explain the mechanisms underlying PSV infection and symptoms exacerbation caused by satRNA, we carried out transcriptome profiling of N. benthamiana challenged by PSV-G and satRNA using species-specific microarrays. Co-infection of plants with PSV-G + satRNA increased the number of identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared with the number identified in PSV-G-infected plants. In both treatments, the majority of up-regulated DEGs were engaged in translation, ribosome biogenesis, RNA metabolism, and response to stimuli, while the down-regulated DEGs were required for photosynthesis. The presence of satRNA in PSV-G-infected plants caused different trends in expression of DEGs associated with phosphorylation, ATP binding, and plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Obrępalska-Stęplowska
- Department of Entomology, Animal Pests and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, 20 Władysława Węgorka Street, 60-318 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Zmienko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12/14 Noskowskiego Street, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
- Institute of Computing Science, Faculty of Computing Science, Poznań University of Technology, 2 Piotrowo Street, 60-965 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Barbara Wrzesińska
- Department of Entomology, Animal Pests and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, 20 Władysława Węgorka Street, 60-318 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Michal Goralski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12/14 Noskowskiego Street, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marek Figlerowicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12/14 Noskowskiego Street, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
- Institute of Computing Science, Faculty of Computing Science, Poznań University of Technology, 2 Piotrowo Street, 60-965 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Joanna Zyprych-Walczak
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Wojska Polskiego 28 Street, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Idzi Siatkowski
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Wojska Polskiego 28 Street, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Henryk Pospieszny
- Department of Virology, Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, 20 Władysława Węgorka Street, 60-318 Poznań, Poland.
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46
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Cowles KN, Groves RL, Barak JD. Leafhopper-Induced Activation of the Jasmonic Acid Response Benefits Salmonella enterica in a Flagellum-Dependent Manner. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1987. [PMID: 30190716 PMCID: PMC6115507 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric human pathogens such as Salmonella enterica are typically studied in the context of their animal hosts, but it has become apparent that these bacteria spend a significant portion of their life cycle on plants. S. enterica survives the numerous stresses common to a plant niche, including defense responses, water and nutrient limitation, and exposure to UV irradiation leading to an increased potential for human disease. In fact, S. enterica is estimated to cause over one million cases of foodborne illness each year in the United States with 20% of those cases resulting from consumption of contaminated produce. Although S. enterica successfully persists in the plant environment, phytobacterial infection by Pectobacterium carotovorum or Xanthomonas spp. increases S. enterica survival and infrequently leads to growth on infected plants. The co-association of phytophagous insects, such as the Aster leafhopper, Macrosteles quadrilineatus, results in S. enterica populations that persist at higher levels for longer periods of time when compared to plants treated with S. enterica alone. We hypothesized that leafhoppers increase S. enterica persistence by altering the plant defense response to the benefit of the bacteria. Leafhopper infestation activated the jasmonic acid (JA) defense response while S. enterica colonization triggered the salicylic acid (SA) response. In tomato plants co-treated with S. enterica and leafhoppers, both JA- and SA-inducible genes were activated, suggesting that the presence of leafhoppers may affect the crosstalk that occurs between the two immune response pathways. To rule out the possibility that leafhoppers provide additional benefits to S. enterica, plants were treated with a chemical JA analog to activate the immune response in the absence of leafhoppers. Although bacterial populations continue to decline over time, analog treatment significantly increased bacterial persistence on the leaf surface. Bacterial mutant analysis determined that the bacterial flagellum, whether functional or not, was required for increased S. enterica survival after analog treatment. By investigating the interaction between this human pathogen, a common phytophagous insect, and their plant host, we hope to elucidate the mechanisms promoting S. enterica survival on plants and provide information to be used in the development of new food safety intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly N Cowles
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Russell L Groves
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jeri D Barak
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Santamaría-Hernando S, Rodríguez-Herva JJ, Martínez-García PM, Río-Álvarez I, González-Melendi P, Zamorano J, Tapia C, Rodríguez-Palenzuela P, López-Solanilla E. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato exploits light signals to optimize virulence and colonization of leaves. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:4261-4280. [PMID: 30058114 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Light is pervasive in the leaf environment, creating opportunities for both plants and pathogens to cue into light as a signal to regulate plant-microbe interactions. Light enhances plant defences and regulates opening of stomata, an entry point for foliar bacterial pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PsPto). The effect of light perception on gene expression and virulence was investigated in PsPto. Light induced genetic reprogramming in PsPto that entailed significant changes in stress tolerance and virulence. Blue light-mediated up-regulation of type three secretion system genes and red light-mediated down-regulation of coronatine biosynthesis genes. Cells exposed to white light, blue light or darkness before inoculation were more virulent when inoculated at dawn than dusk probably due to an enhanced entry through open stomata. Exposure to red light repressed coronatine biosynthesis genes which could lead to a reduced stomatal re-opening and PsPto entry. Photoreceptor were required for the greater virulence of light-treated and dark-treated PsPto inoculated at dawn as compared to dusk, indicating that these proteins sense the absence of light and contribute to priming of virulence in the dark. These results support a model in which PsPto exploits light changes to maximize survival, entry and virulence on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saray Santamaría-Hernando
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Campus Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - José J Rodríguez-Herva
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Campus Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro M Martínez-García
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Campus Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Río-Álvarez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Campus Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Campus Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Zamorano
- Departamento de Astrofísica y CC. de la Atmósfera, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Tapia
- Departamento de Astrofísica y CC. de la Atmósfera, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-Palenzuela
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Campus Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia López-Solanilla
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Campus Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
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48
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Cui Y, Jiang J, Yang H, Zhao T, Xu X, Li J. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the NBS-LRR gene SLNLC1 compromises Sm-mediated disease resistance to Stemphylium lycopersici in tomato. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1524-1529. [PMID: 30037434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study, when resistant tomato plants (cv. Motelle) carrying the Sm gene were challenged with S. lycopersici, the SLNLC1 gene was significantly upregulated. In this study, to verify the function of the SLNLC1 gene response to disease resistance against S. lycopersici, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used to downregulate the expression level of the SLNLC1 gene in resistant tomato plants inoculated with S. lycopersici. After inoculation with S. lycopersici, a susceptible phenotype was observed in the silenced SLNLC1-resistant plants. Through microscopy, impaired hypersensitive response (HR) and decreased ROS accumulation were also observed in the silenced SLNLC1 plants. In addition, the production of lignin and callose were decreased in the silenced SLNLC1 plants. Taken together, these results indicated that silencing the SLNLC1 gene attenuated the resistance of tomato plants resistant to S. lycopersici.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Cui
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Jingbin Jiang
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Tingting Zhao
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Jingfu Li
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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49
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Beris D, Theologidis I, Skandalis N, Vassilakos N. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain MBI600 induces salicylic acid dependent resistance in tomato plants against Tomato spotted wilt virus and Potato virus Y. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10320. [PMID: 29985434 PMCID: PMC6037670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria have been proposed as effective biocontrol agents against several fungal and bacterial plant pathogens. However, there is limited knowledge regarding their effect against viruses. In this study, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain MBI600 (MBI600), active ingredient of the biological fungicide Serifel® (BASF SE), was tested for its antiviral action in tomato plants. Drench, foliar or soil amendment applications of MBI600 reduced up to 80% the incidence of Tomato spotted wilt virus under two different sets of environmental conditions. In addition, drench application of MBI600 delayed Potato virus Y systemic accumulation. Transcriptional analysis of a range of genes associated with salicylic acid (SA)- or jasmonic acid - related defense, priming or basal defense against viruses, revealed the induction of the SA signaling pathway in tomato after MBI600 treatment, and discrete gene expression patterns in plant response to TSWV and PVY infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Beris
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion/Crete, GR-71110, Greece
| | - Ioannis Theologidis
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion/Crete, GR-71110, Greece
| | - Nicholas Skandalis
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion/Crete, GR-71110, Greece
- Keck School of Medicine, University of South California, 2020 ZONAL AVE. Off Campus, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Nikon Vassilakos
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion/Crete, GR-71110, Greece.
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50
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Moreno-Félix M, Rodríguez-Negrete E, Meléndrez-Bojórquez N, Camacho-Beltrán E, Leyva-López N, Méndez-Lozano J. A new isolate ofPepper huasteco yellow vein virus(PHYVV) breaks geminivirus tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) commercial lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2018.1207.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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