1
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Wu MS, Zhou ZR, Wang XY, Du XC, Li DW, Qian RC. Design of a Membrane-Anchored DNAzyme-Based Molecular Machine for Enhanced Cancer Therapy by Customized Cascade Regulation. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:2869-2877. [PMID: 39296274 PMCID: PMC11406680 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic DNAzyme-based structures enable dynamic cell regulation. However, engineering an effective and targeted DNAzyme-based structure to perform customizable multistep regulation remains largely unexplored. Herein, we designed a membrane-anchored DNAzyme-based molecular machine to implement dynamic inter- and intracellular cascade regulation, which realizes efficient T-cell/cancer cell interactions and subsequent receptor mediated cancer cell uptake. Using CD8+ T-cells and HeLa cancer cells as a proof of concept, we demonstrate that the designed DNAzyme-based molecular machine enables customized cascade regulation including (1) specific recognition between T-cells and cancer cells, (2) specific response and fluorescence sensing upon extracellular stimuli, and (3) cascade regulation including intercellular distance shortening, cell-cell communication, and intracellular delivery of anticancer drugs. Together, this work provides a promising pathway for customized cascade cell regulation based on a DNAzyme-based molecular machine, which enables enhanced cancer therapy by combining T-cell immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Sha Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Rui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Chen Du
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Can Qian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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2
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Singh T, Hwang KK, Miller AS, Jones RL, Lopez CA, Dulson SJ, Giuberti C, Gladden MA, Miller I, Webster HS, Eudailey JA, Luo K, Von Holle T, Edwards RJ, Valencia S, Burgomaster KE, Zhang S, Mangold JF, Tu JJ, Dennis M, Alam SM, Premkumar L, Dietze R, Pierson TC, Eong Ooi E, Lazear HM, Kuhn RJ, Permar SR, Bonsignori M. A Zika virus-specific IgM elicited in pregnancy exhibits ultrapotent neutralization. Cell 2022; 185:4826-4840.e17. [PMID: 36402135 PMCID: PMC9742325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection results in neurodevelopmental deficits in up to 14% of infants born to ZIKV-infected mothers. Neutralizing antibodies are a critical component of protective immunity. Here, we demonstrate that plasma IgM contributes to ZIKV immunity in pregnancy, mediating neutralization up to 3 months post-symptoms. From a ZIKV-infected pregnant woman, we isolated a pentameric ZIKV-specific IgM (DH1017.IgM) that exhibited ultrapotent ZIKV neutralization dependent on the IgM isotype. DH1017.IgM targets an envelope dimer epitope within domain II. The epitope arrangement on the virion is compatible with concurrent engagement of all ten antigen-binding sites of DH1017.IgM, a solution not available to IgG. DH1017.IgM protected mice against viremia upon lethal ZIKV challenge more efficiently than when expressed as an IgG. Our findings identify a role for antibodies of the IgM isotype in protection against ZIKV and posit DH1017.IgM as a safe and effective candidate immunotherapeutic, particularly during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Singh
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - Kwan-Ki Hwang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Andrew S. Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Jones
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cesar A. Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sarah J. Dulson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Camila Giuberti
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas—Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Espírito Santo 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Morgan A. Gladden
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Itzayana Miller
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY 10065, USA
| | - Helen S. Webster
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joshua A. Eudailey
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kan Luo
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tarra Von Holle
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert J. Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sarah Valencia
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Katherine E. Burgomaster
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Summer Zhang
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - Jesse F. Mangold
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joshua J. Tu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Maria Dennis
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - S. Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lakshmanane Premkumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Reynaldo Dietze
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas—Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Espírito Santo 29075-910, Brazil,Global Health & Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon 1349-008, Portugal
| | - Theodore C. Pierson
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - Helen M. Lazear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Richard J. Kuhn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY 10065, USA,Senior author. These authors contributed equally,Correspondence: (S.R.P.), (M.B.)
| | - Mattia Bonsignori
- Translational Immunobiology Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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3
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Qian RC, Zhou ZR, Wu Y, Yang Z, Guo W, Li DW, Lu Y. Combination Cancer Treatment: Using Engineered DNAzyme Molecular Machines for Dynamic Inter- and Intracellular Regulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210935. [PMID: 36253586 PMCID: PMC10245287 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Despite the promise of combination cancer therapy, it remains challenging to develop targeted strategies that are nontoxic to normal cells. Here we report a combination therapeutic strategy based on engineered DNAzyme molecular machines that can promote cancer apoptosis via dynamic inter- and intracellular regulation. To achieve external regulation of T-cell/cancer cell interactions, we designed a DNAzyme-based molecular machine with an aptamer and an i-motif, as the MUC-1-selective aptamer allows the specific recognition of cancer cells. The i-motif is folded under the tumor acidic microenvironment, shortening the intercellular distance. As a result, T-cells are released by metal ion activated DNAzyme cleavage. To achieve internal regulation of mitochondria, we delivered another DNAzyme-based molecular machine with mitochondria-targeted peptides into cancer cells to induce mitochondria aggregation. Our strategy achieved an enhanced killing effect in zinc deficient cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Can Qian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Rui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Weijie Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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4
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Shen TJ, Chen CL, Tsai TT, Jhan MK, Bai CH, Yen YC, Tsai CW, Tseng PC, Yu CY, Lin CF. Hyperglycemia exacerbates dengue virus infection by facilitating poly(A)-binding protein-mediated viral translation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e142805. [PMID: 36125898 PMCID: PMC9675471 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is highly comorbid with severe dengue diseases; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Patients with DM have a 1.61-fold increased risk of developing dengue hemorrhagic fever. In search of host factors involved in dengue virus (DENV) infection, we used high-glucose (HG) treatment and showed that HG increased viral protein expression and virion release but had no effects on the early stages of viral infection. After HG stimulation, DENV-firefly luciferase-transfected assay and cellular replicon-based assay indicated increased viral translation, whereas using the glucose uptake inhibitor phloretin blocked this effect. HG treatment increased the translational factor poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) in a glucose transporter-associated, PI3K/AKT-regulated manner. Silencing PABP significantly decreased HG-prompted virion production. HG enhanced the formation of the PABP-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G complex, which is regulated by protein-disulfide isomerase. Hyperglycemia increased PABP expression, mortality rate, viral protein expression, and viral loads in streptozotocin-induced DM mice. Overall, hyperglycemic stress facilitates DENV infection by strengthening PABP-mediated viral translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Jing Shen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kai Jhan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Huey Bai
- Research Center of Biostatistics, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Yen
- Research Center of Biostatistics, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Tsai
- Research Center of Biostatistics, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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5
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Hwang EH, Hur GH, Koo BS, Oh H, Kim G, Jung H, Baek SH, An YJ, Park JH, Hong JJ. Monocytes as suitable carriers for dissemination of dengue viral infection. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11212. [PMCID: PMC9615040 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENVs) exploit monocytes and macrophages for tropism and replication, therefore, establishing a long-term reservoir. However, their roles in dengue pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, using the human monocytic cell line THP-1, human primary monocytes, and non-human primate models, we show that DENV-infected monocytes represent suitable carriers for circulatory viral dissemination. Monocyte-derived macrophages expressing M2 surface markers at the gene level efficiently replicated, while the productivity of monocyte replication was low. However, attachment of DENVs to the cellular surface of monocytes was similar to that of macrophages. Furthermore, after differentiation with type-2 cytokines, DENV-attached monocytes could replicate DENVs. Productive DENV infection was confirmed by intravenous injection of DENVs into nonhuman primate model, in which, DENV attachment to monocytes was positively correlated with viremia. These results provide insight into the role of circulating monocytes in DENV infection, suggesting that monocytes directly assist in DENV dissemination and replication during viremia and could be applied to design antiviral intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ha Hwang
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea,Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Jeolla, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Bon-Sang Koo
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseul Oh
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea,College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Green Kim
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea,Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Jeolla, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyin Jung
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jung An
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Jeolla, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea,KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author.
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6
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Wardzala C, Wood AM, Belnap DM, Kramer JR. Mucins Inhibit Coronavirus Infection in a Glycan-Dependent Manner. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:351-360. [PMID: 35345395 PMCID: PMC8864775 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Mucins are a diverse and heterogeneous family of glycoproteins that comprise the bulk of mucus and the epithelial glycocalyx. Mucins are intimately involved in viral transmission. Mucin and virus laden particles can be expelled from the mouth and nose to later infect others. Viruses must also penetrate the mucus layer before cell entry and replication. The role of mucins and their molecular structure have not been well-characterized in coronavirus transmission studies. Laboratory studies predicting high rates of fomite transmission have not translated to real-world infections, and mucins may be one culprit. Here, we probed both surface and direct contact transmission scenarios for their dependence on mucins and their structure. We utilized disease-causing, bovine-derived, human coronavirus OC43. We found that bovine mucins could inhibit the infection of live cells in a concentration- and glycan-dependent manner. The effects were observed in both mock fomite and direct contact transmission experiments and were not dependent upon surface material or time-on-surface. However, the effects were abrogated by removal of the glycans or in a cross-species infection scenario where bovine mucin could not inhibit the infection of a murine coronavirus. Together, our data indicate that the mucin molecular structure plays a complex and important role in host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casia
L. Wardzala
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Utah, 36 South Wasatch Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Amanda M. Wood
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Utah, 36 South Wasatch Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - David M. Belnap
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Utah, 36 South Wasatch Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 36 South Wasatch Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jessica R. Kramer
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Utah, 36 South Wasatch Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- E-mail:
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7
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Liew SS, Zeng Z, Cheng P, He S, Zhang C, Pu K. Renal-Clearable Molecular Probe for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging and Urinalysis of SARS-CoV-2. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18827-18831. [PMID: 34672551 PMCID: PMC8547506 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of rapid and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, current diagnostic methods are static and unable to distinguish between viable/nonviable virus or directly reflect viral replication activity. Real-time imaging of protease activity specific to SARS-CoV-2 can overcome these issues but remains lacking. Herein, we report a near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) activatable molecular probe (SARS-CyCD) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 protease in living mice. The probe comprises a hemicyanine fluorophore caged with a protease peptide substrate and a cyclodextrin unit, which function as an NIRF signaling moiety and a renal-clearable enabler, respectively. The peptide substrate of SARS-CyCD can be specifically cleaved by SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), resulting in NIRF signal activation and liberation of the renal-clearable fluorescent fragment (CyCD). Such a design not only allows sensitive detection of Mpro in the lungs of living mice after intratracheal administration but also permits optical urinalysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, this study presents an in vivo sensor that holds potential in preclinical high-throughput drug screening and clinical diagnostics for respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Si Liew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 637457
| | - Ziling Zeng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 637457
| | - Penghui Cheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 637457
| | - Shasha He
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 637457
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 637457
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 637457
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 637371
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 636921
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8
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Liew SS, Zeng Z, Cheng P, He S, Zhang C, Pu K. Renal-Clearable Molecular Probe for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging and Urinalysis of SARS-CoV-2. J Am Chem Soc 2021. [PMID: 34672551 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1021c08017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of rapid and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, current diagnostic methods are static and unable to distinguish between viable/nonviable virus or directly reflect viral replication activity. Real-time imaging of protease activity specific to SARS-CoV-2 can overcome these issues but remains lacking. Herein, we report a near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) activatable molecular probe (SARS-CyCD) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 protease in living mice. The probe comprises a hemicyanine fluorophore caged with a protease peptide substrate and a cyclodextrin unit, which function as an NIRF signaling moiety and a renal-clearable enabler, respectively. The peptide substrate of SARS-CyCD can be specifically cleaved by SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), resulting in NIRF signal activation and liberation of the renal-clearable fluorescent fragment (CyCD). Such a design not only allows sensitive detection of Mpro in the lungs of living mice after intratracheal administration but also permits optical urinalysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, this study presents an in vivo sensor that holds potential in preclinical high-throughput drug screening and clinical diagnostics for respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Si Liew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
| | - Ziling Zeng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
| | - Penghui Cheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
| | - Shasha He
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921
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9
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Young JE, Dvorak CMT, Graham SP, Murtaugh MP. Isolation of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus GP5-Specific, Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies From Hyperimmune Sows. Front Immunol 2021; 12:638493. [PMID: 33692807 PMCID: PMC7937800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a devastating disease which impacts the pig industry worldwide. The disease is caused by PRRS viruses (PRRSV-1 and -2) which leads to abortions and other forms of reproductive failure in sows and severe respiratory disease in growing pigs. Current PRRSV vaccines provide limited protection; only providing complete protection against closely related strains. The development of improved PRRSV vaccines would benefit from an increased understanding of epitopes relevant to protection, including those recognized by antibodies which possess the ability to neutralize distantly related strains. In this work, a reverse vaccinology approach was taken; starting first with pigs known to have a broadly neutralizing antibody response and then investigating the responsible B cells/antibodies through the isolation of PRRSV neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). PBMCs were harvested from pigs sequentially exposed to a modified-live PRRSV-2 vaccine as well as divergent PRRSV-2 field isolates. Memory B cells were immortalized and a total of 5 PRRSV-specific B-cell populations were isolated. All identified PRRSV-specific antibodies were found to be broadly binding to all PRRSV-2 isolates tested, but not PRRSV-1 isolates. Antibodies against GP5 protein, commonly thought to possess a dominant PRRSV neutralizing epitope, were found to be highly abundant, as four out of five B cells populations were GP5 specific. One of the GP5-specific mAbs was shown to be neutralizing but this was only observed against homologous and not heterologous PRRSV strains. Further investigation of these antibodies, and others, may lead to the elucidation of conserved neutralizing epitopes that can be exploited for improved vaccine design and lays the groundwork for the study of broadly neutralizing antibodies against other porcine pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Young
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Cheryl M T Dvorak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | | | - Michael P Murtaugh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
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10
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Player JK, Despain JT, Robison RA. Correlations between available primary amines, endospore coat thickness, and alkaline glutaraldehyde sensitivity for spores of select Bacillus species. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1117. [PMID: 32996289 PMCID: PMC7658453 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaline glutaraldehyde (GTA) is a high‐level chemical disinfectant/sterilant and has a broad microbial kill spectrum. The precise antimicrobial mechanism of GTA remains debated. GTA kill times are extremely variable across different organisms, illustrating the need for a better understanding of GTA kill mechanisms related to different organisms. A commonly proposed GTA kill mechanism suggests that it works by cross‐linking accessible primary amines on important surface proteins. If true, the antimicrobial activity of GTA may directly correlate to the number of these available functional groups. Bacillus species form highly resistant bacterial endospores that are commonly used as one of the most stringent test organisms for disinfection and sterilization. In this study, we compared the log reduction times of alkaline GTA on spores from 4 Bacillus species to fluorescent profiles generated using Alexa Fluor™ amine‐reactive dyes. GTA kill times were also compared to mean spore coat thicknesses as measured with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fluorescence values generated from bound amine‐reactive dye showed a strong, positive correlation to GTA susceptibility, as measured by GTA 6‐log10 reduction times. Spore coat thickness also showed a strong, positive correlation to reduction time values. Results support the hypothesis that GTA kill times are directly related to the number of available primary amines on bacterial endospores. Results also indicated that the killing efficacy of GTA may be influenced by its ability to penetrate the spore coat to reach additional targets, suggesting that damaging important biomolecules beyond surface proteins may be involved in GTA killing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Kent Player
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Justen Thalmus Despain
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Richard A Robison
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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11
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Hsieh TH, Tsai TT, Chen CL, Shen TJ, Jhan MK, Tseng PC, Lin CF. Senescence in Monocytes Facilitates Dengue Virus Infection by Increasing Infectivity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:375. [PMID: 32850477 PMCID: PMC7399640 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and chronic condition increase the incidence of dengue virus (DENV) infection, generally through a mechanism involving immunosenescence; however, the alternative effects of cellular senescence, which alters cell susceptibility to viral infection, remain unknown. Human monocytic THP-1 cells (ATCC TIB-202) treated with D-galactose to induce cellular senescence were susceptible to DENV infection. These senescent cells showed increased viral entry/binding, gene/protein expression, and dsRNA replication. The use of a replicon system showed that pharmacologically induced senescence did not enhance the effects on viral protein translation. By examining viral receptor expression, we found increased expression of CD209 (DC-SIGN) in the senescent cells. Interleukin (IL)-10 was aberrantly produced at high levels by the senescent cells, and the expression of the DENV receptor DC-SIGN was increased in these senescent cells, partially via IL-10-mediated regulation of the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway. The results demonstrate that a senescent phenotype facilitates DENV infection, probably by increasing DC-SIGN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Han Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jing Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kai Jhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Core Laboratory of Immune Monitoring, Office of Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Core Laboratory of Immune Monitoring, Office of Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Diseases and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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12
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Riedel C, Chen HW, Reichart U, Lamp B, Laketa V, Rümenapf T. Real Time Analysis of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Infection and Its Dependence on Bovine CD46. Viruses 2020; 12:E116. [PMID: 31963539 PMCID: PMC7019258 DOI: 10.3390/v12010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus attachment and entry is a complex interplay of viral and cellular interaction partners. Employing bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) encoding an mCherry-E2 fusion protein (BVDVE2-mCherry), being the first genetically labelled member of the family Flaviviridae applicable for the analysis of virus particles, the early events of infection-attachment, particle surface transport, and endocytosis-were monitored to better understand the mechanisms underlying virus entry and their dependence on the virus receptor, bovine CD46. The analysis of 801 tracks on the surface of SK6 cells inducibly expressing fluorophore labelled bovine CD46 (CD46fluo) demonstrated the presence of directed, diffusive, and confined motion. 26 entry events could be identified, with the majority being associated with a CD46fluo positive structure during endocytosis and occurring more than 20 min after virus addition. Deletion of the CD46fluo E2 binding domain (CD46fluo∆E2bind) did not affect the types of motions observed on the cell surface but resulted in a decreased number of observable entry events (2 out of 1081 tracks). Mean squared displacement analysis revealed a significantly increased velocity of particle transport for directed motions on CD46fluo∆E2bind expressing cells in comparison to CD46fluo. These results indicate that the presence of bovine CD46 is only affecting the speed of directed transport, but otherwise not influencing BVDV cell surface motility. Instead, bovine CD46 seems to be an important factor during uptake, suggesting the presence of additional cellular proteins interacting with the virus which are able to support its transport on the virus surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Riedel
- Institute of Virology, Vetmeduni Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (H.-W.C.); (T.R.)
| | - Hann-Wei Chen
- Institute of Virology, Vetmeduni Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (H.-W.C.); (T.R.)
| | - Ursula Reichart
- VetCore Facility for Research, Vetmeduni Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Benjamin Lamp
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Gießen, Germany;
| | - Vibor Laketa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- German Center for Infection Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Till Rümenapf
- Institute of Virology, Vetmeduni Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (H.-W.C.); (T.R.)
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13
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Gast M, Wondany F, Raabe B, Michaelis J, Sobek H, Mizaikoff B. Use of Super-Resolution Optical Microscopy To Reveal Direct Virus Binding at Hybrid Core–Shell Matrixes. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3050-3057. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bastian Raabe
- Labor Dr. Merk & Kollegen GmbH, Beim Braunland 1, 88416 Ochsenhausen, Germany
| | | | - Harald Sobek
- Labor Dr. Merk & Kollegen GmbH, Beim Braunland 1, 88416 Ochsenhausen, Germany
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14
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Abstract
Dengue is caused by infection with any one of four dengue viruses (DENV); the risk of severe disease appears to be enhanced by the cross-reactive or subneutralizing levels of antibody from a prior DENV infection. These antibodies opsonize DENV entry through the activating Fc gamma receptors (FcγR), instead of infection through canonical receptor-mediated endocytosis, to result in higher levels of DENV replication. However, whether the enhanced replication is solely due to more efficient FcγR-mediated DENV entry or is also through FcγR-mediated alteration of the host transcriptome response to favor DENV infection remains unclear. Indeed, more efficient viral entry through activation of the FcγR can result in an increased viral antigenic load within target cells and confound direct comparisons of the host transcriptome response under antibody-dependent and antibody-independent conditions. Herein, we show that, despite controlling for the viral antigenic load in primary monocytes, the antibody-dependent and non-antibody-dependent routes of DENV entry induce transcriptome responses that are remarkably different. Notably, antibody-dependent DENV entry upregulated DENV host dependency factors associated with RNA splicing, mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, and vesicle trafficking. Additionally, supporting findings from other studies, antibody-dependent DENV entry impeded the downregulation of ribosomal genes caused by canonical receptor-mediated endocytosis to increase viral translation. Collectively, our findings support the notion that antibody-dependent DENV entry alters host responses that support the viral life cycle and that host responses to DENV need to be defined in the context of its entry pathway.IMPORTANCE Dengue virus is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral infection globally, resulting in variable manifestations ranging from asymptomatic viremia to life-threatening shock and multiorgan failure. Previous studies have indicated that the risk of severe dengue in humans can be increased by a specific range of preexisting anti-dengue virus antibody titers, a phenomenon termed antibody-dependent enhancement. There is hence a need to understand how antibodies augment dengue virus infection compared to the alternative canonical receptor-mediated viral entry route. Herein, we show that, besides facilitating viral uptake, antibody-mediated entry increases the expression of early host dependency factors to promote viral infection; these factors include RNA splicing, mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, vesicle trafficking, and ribosomal genes. These findings will enhance our understanding of how differences in entry pathways can affect host responses and offer opportunities to design therapeutics that can specifically inhibit antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus infection.
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15
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Lyski ZL, Messer WB. Approaches to Interrogating the Human Memory B-Cell and Memory-Derived Antibody Repertoire Following Dengue Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1276. [PMID: 31244836 PMCID: PMC6562360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory B-cells (MBCs) are potential antibody secreting immune cells that differentiate and mature following host exposure to a pathogen. Following differentiation, MBCs remain in peripheral circulation after recovery and are poised to secrete antigen-specific antibodies if and when they are re-exposed to their cognate antigen. Consequently, MBCs form the founder population and provide one of the first lines of pathogen-specific defense against reinfection. The role MBCs play is complicated for viruses that are heterologous, such as dengue virus (DENV), which exist as antigenically different serotypes. On second infection with a different serotype, MBCs from initial dengue infection rapidly proliferate and secrete antibodies: many of these MBC derived antibodies will be cross-reactive and weakly neutralizing, while some antibodies may recognize epitopes conserved across serotypes and have the capacity to broadly neutralize 2 or more serotypes. It is also possible that a new population of MBCs and antibodies specific for the second virus serotype need to arise for long-term broader immunity to develop. Methods to interrogate and track memory B cell responses are important for evaluating both natural immunity and vaccine response. However, the low abundance of MBCs for any specific pathogen makes it challenging to interrogate frequency, specificity, and breadth for the pathogen of interest. This review discusses current approaches that have been used to interrogate the memory B cell immune response against viral pathogens in general and DENV specifically. Including strengths, limitations, and future directions. Single-cell approaches could help uncover the DENV specific MBC antibody repertoire, and improved methods for isolating DENV specific monoclonal antibodies from human peripheral blood cells would allow for a functional analysis of the anti-DENV repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe L Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
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16
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Shen WF, Galula JU, Liu JH, Liao MY, Huang CH, Wang YC, Wu HC, Liang JJ, Lin YL, Whitney MT, Chang GJJ, Chen SR, Wu SR, Chao DY. Epitope resurfacing on dengue virus-like particle vaccine preparation to induce broad neutralizing antibody. eLife 2018; 7:38970. [PMID: 30334522 PMCID: PMC6234032 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is caused by four different serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) which is the leading cause of worldwide arboviral diseases in humans. Virus-like particles (VLPs) containing flavivirus prM/E proteins have been demonstrated to be a potential vaccine candidate; however, the structure of dengue VLP is poorly understood. Herein VLP derived from DENV serotype-2 were engineered becoming highly matured (mD2VLP) and showed variable size distribution with diameter of ~31 nm forming the major population under cryo-electron microscopy examination. Furthermore, mD2VLP particles of 31 nm diameter possess a T = 1 icosahedral symmetry with a groove located within the E-protein dimers near the 2-fold vertices that exposed highly overlapping, cryptic neutralizing epitopes. Mice vaccinated with mD2VLP generated higher cross-reactive (CR) neutralization antibodies (NtAbs) and were fully protected against all 4 serotypes of DENV. Our results highlight the potential of ‘epitope-resurfaced’ mature-form D2VLPs in inducing quaternary structure-recognizing broad CR NtAbs to guide future dengue vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fan Shen
- Microbial Genomics Ph.D. Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jedhan Ucat Galula
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jyung-Hurng Liu
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ying Liao
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Huang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Matthew T Whitney
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Gwong-Jen J Chang
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Sheng-Ren Chen
- Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Rung Wu
- Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Day-Yu Chao
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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17
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Pasulka AL, Thamatrakoln K, Kopf SH, Guan Y, Poulos B, Moradian A, Sweredoski MJ, Hess S, Sullivan MB, Bidle KD, Orphan VJ. Interrogating marine virus-host interactions and elemental transfer with BONCAT and nanoSIMS-based methods. Environ Microbiol 2017; 20:671-692. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis L. Pasulka
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; CA USA
| | | | - Sebastian H. Kopf
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder; CO USA
| | - Yunbin Guan
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; CA USA
| | - Bonnie Poulos
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona; AZ USA
| | - Annie Moradian
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; CA USA
| | | | - Sonja Hess
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; CA USA
| | | | - Kay D. Bidle
- Department of Marine and Coastal Studies; Rutgers University; NJ USA
| | - Victoria J. Orphan
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; CA USA
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18
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Friberg H, Mathew A. Detection, phenotyping and quantification of dengue virus-specific B cells using fluorescent probes. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2780-2784. [PMID: 28604254 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1322747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue viruses are some of the most important mosquito-borne pathogens worldwide. They cause illness in 50-100 million individuals per year and have a significant global health impact in low- and middle-income countries. It is important to improve our understanding of the humoral response to dengue virus, as antibodies (Abs) are associated with protection from or susceptibility to severe dengue disease. In recent years, significant advances have been made toward identifying Ab targets and evaluating the functional properties of Abs. However, much less is known about the cellular source of Abs, B cells, in part because the reagents to phenotype and characterize antigen-specific B cells have been challenging to develop. Here, we discuss our recent experience with developing and using fluorescent viruses to probe the B cell response to dengue virus. We present the strengths and weaknesses of flow cytometric analysis of antigen-specific B cells and discuss the use of these probes to phenotype and characterize specific B cells during and after natural infection and in ongoing dengue vaccine trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Friberg
- a Viral Diseases Branch , Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | - Anuja Mathew
- b Institute for Immunology and Informatics , University of Rhode Island , Providence , RI , USA
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19
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Ho MR, Tsai TT, Chen CL, Jhan MK, Tsai CC, Lee YC, Chen CH, Lin CF. Blockade of dengue virus infection and viral cytotoxicity in neuronal cells in vitro and in vivo by targeting endocytic pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6910. [PMID: 28761128 PMCID: PMC5537343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection in neuronal cells was speculated to trigger neuropathy. Herein, we determined the blockade of DENV infection by targeting endocytic pathways in vitro and in vivo. In DENV-infected mouse brains, we previously showed that viral proteins are expressed in neuronal cells around the hippocampus with accompanying neurotoxicity. DENV caused infection, including entry, double-stranded (ds)RNA replication, protein expression, and virus release, followed by cytotoxicity in the mouse neuronal Neuro-2a cell line. Pharmacologically blocking clathrin-mediated endocytosis of the DENV retarded viral replication. Targeting vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase)-based endosomal acidification effectively blocked the DENV replication process, but had no direct effect on viral translation. Blockade of the clathrin- and V-ATPase-based endocytic pathways also attenuated DENV-induced neurotoxicity. Inhibiting endosomal acidification effectively retarded DENV infection, acute viral encephalitis, and mortality. These results demonstrate that clathrin mediated endocytosis of DENV followed by endosomal acidification-dependent viral replication in neuronal cells, which can lead to neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ru Ho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- Translational Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kai Jhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chao Lee
- The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
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20
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Abstract
Activated microglial cells are present in dengue virus (DENV)-infected brains; however, the possible effects of DENV on microglia remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated DENV caused infection, including viral entry, RNA replication, viral protein expression, and virus release, in the murine microglial cell line BV2. DENV infection caused an increase in the formation of the multipolar phenotype in vitro and in vivo without affecting cell growth and cytotoxicity. DENV infection considerably increased cell motility and disrupting either actin filaments or clathrin retarded such effect. Increase in cell migration was only occurred by DENV infection following a clathrin-regulated endocytosis of DENV entry. Ultraviolet-inactivated DENV did not affect cell migration, and pharmacologically blocking toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and TLR3-related signaling pathways reduced the DENV-induced increase in cell migration. These results demonstrate an advanced effect of DENV infection on microglial migration via a mechanism involving viral entry, RNA release, and TLR3 signal activation.
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21
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Woda M, Friberg H, Currier JR, Srikiatkhachorn A, Macareo LR, Green S, Jarman RG, Rothman AL, Mathew A. Dynamics of Dengue Virus (DENV)-Specific B Cells in the Response to DENV Serotype 1 Infections, Using Flow Cytometry With Labeled Virions. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:1001-9. [PMID: 27443614 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of reagents to identify and characterize antigen-specific B cells has been challenging. METHODS We recently developed Alexa Fluor-labeled dengue viruses (AF DENVs) to characterize antigen-specific B cells in the peripheral blood of DENV-immune individuals. RESULTS In this study, we used AF DENV serotype 1 (AF DENV-1) together with AF DENV-2 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from children in Thailand with acute primary or secondary DENV-1 infections to analyze the phenotypes of antigen-specific B cells that reflected their exposure or clinical diagnosis. DENV serotype-specific and cross-reactive B cells were identified in PBMCs from all subjects. Frequencies of AF DENV(+) class-switched memory B cells (IgD(-)CD27(+) CD19(+) cells) reached up to 8% during acute infection and early convalescence. AF DENV-labeled B cells expressed high levels of CD27 and CD38 during acute infection, characteristic of plasmablasts, and transitioned into memory B cells (CD38(-)CD27(+)) at the early convalescent time point. There was higher activation of memory B cells early during acute secondary infection, suggesting reactivation from a previous DENV infection. CONCLUSIONS AF DENVs reveal changes in the phenotype of DENV serotype-specific and cross-reactive B cells during and after natural DENV infection and could be useful in analysis of the response to DENV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Woda
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence
| | - Heather Friberg
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | - Anon Srikiatkhachorn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Louis R Macareo
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sharone Green
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | | | - Alan L Rothman
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence
| | - Anuja Mathew
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence
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22
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Microglia retard dengue virus-induced acute viral encephalitis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27670. [PMID: 27279150 PMCID: PMC4899773 DOI: 10.1038/srep27670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with dengue virus (DENV) infection may also present acute viral encephalitis through an unknown mechanism. Here, we report that encephalitic DENV-infected mice exhibited progressive hunchback posture, limbic seizures, limbic weakness, paralysis, and lethality 7 days post-infection. These symptoms were accompanied by CNS inflammation, neurotoxicity, and blood-brain barrier destruction. Microglial cells surrounding the blood vessels and injured hippocampus regions were activated by DENV infection. Pharmacologically depleting microglia unexpectedly increased viral replication, neuropathy, and mortality in DENV-infected mice. In microglia-depleted mice, the DENV infection-mediated expression of antiviral cytokines and the infiltration of CD8-positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was abolished. DENV infection prompted the antigen-presenting cell-like differentiation of microglia, which in turn stimulated CTL proliferation and activation. These results suggest that microglial cells play a key role in facilitating antiviral immune responses against DENV infection and acute viral encephalitis.
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23
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Development of double-generation gold nanoparticle chip-based dengue virus detection system combining fluorescence turn-on probes. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 77:90-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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24
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Choy MM, Zhang SL, Costa VV, Tan HC, Horrevorts S, Ooi EE. Proteasome Inhibition Suppresses Dengue Virus Egress in Antibody Dependent Infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004058. [PMID: 26565697 PMCID: PMC4643959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV) is a cause of significant global health burden, with an estimated 390 million infections occurring annually. However, no licensed vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for dengue is available. DENV interacts with host cell factors to complete its life cycle although this virus-host interplay remains to be fully elucidated. Many studies have identified the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP) to be important for successful DENV production, but how the UPP contributes to DENV life cycle as host factors remains ill defined. We show here that proteasome inhibition decouples infectious virus production from viral RNA replication in antibody-dependent infection of THP-1 cells. Molecular and imaging analyses in β-lactone treated THP-1 cells suggest that proteasome function does not prevent virus assembly but rather DENV egress. Intriguingly, the licensed proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, is able to inhibit DENV titers at low nanomolar drug concentrations for different strains of all four serotypes of DENV in primary monocytes. Furthermore, bortezomib treatment of DENV-infected mice inhibited the spread of DENV in the spleen as well as the overall pathological changes. Our findings suggest that preventing DENV egress through proteasome inhibition could be a suitable therapeutic strategy against dengue. The lack of either licensed vaccine or antiviral drug has resulted in approximately 400 million dengue infections annually. A possible rapid approach to a specific therapeutic for dengue is to use a licensed inhibitor of a host factor critically required by dengue virus (DENV) to complete its life cycle. One such set of factors is in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP). Despite the availability of licensed proteasome inhibitors, these studies have not led to any clinical translation, because the mechanism of action of this pathway on the virus life cycle is uncertain. We demonstrate that the UPP is critical for DENV egress after replication in human target cells. Intriguingly, treatment with the licensed proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, inhibited the overall pathological changes in wild-type mice. Altogether, our study provides new insights into the role a functional UPP plays in DENV infection and suggests a potential therapeutic strategy against dengue by repurposing a licensed drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milly M. Choy
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Summer L. Zhang
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vivian V. Costa
- Interdisciplinary Research Group in Infectious Diseases, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee Cheng Tan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sophie Horrevorts
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Research Group in Infectious Diseases, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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25
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Wang HB, Zhang H, Zhang JP, Li Y, Zhao B, Feng GK, Du Y, Xiong D, Zhong Q, Liu WL, Du H, Li MZ, Huang WL, Tsao SW, Hutt-Fletcher L, Zeng YX, Kieff E, Zeng MS. Neuropilin 1 is an entry factor that promotes EBV infection of nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6240. [PMID: 25670642 PMCID: PMC4339892 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is implicated as an aetiological factor in B lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The mechanisms of cell-free EBV infection of nasopharyngeal epithelial cells remain elusive. EBV glycoprotein B (gB) is the critical fusion protein for infection of both B and epithelial cells, and determines EBV susceptibility of non-B cells. Here we show that neuropilin 1 (NRP1) directly interacts with EBV gB(23-431). Either knockdown of NRP1 or pretreatment of EBV with soluble NRP1 suppresses EBV infection. Upregulation of NRP1 by overexpression or EGF treatment enhances EBV infection. However, NRP2, the homologue of NRP1, impairs EBV infection. EBV enters nasopharyngeal epithelial cells through NRP1-facilitated internalization and fusion, and through macropinocytosis and lipid raft-dependent endocytosis. NRP1 partially mediates EBV-activated EGFR/RAS/ERK signalling, and NRP1-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling promotes EBV infection. Taken together, NRP1 is identified as an EBV entry factor that cooperatively activates RTK signalling, which subsequently promotes EBV infection in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Guo-Kai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Huamao Du
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Lin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- Department of Anatomy and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Lindsey Hutt-Fletcher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University, Health Science Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, USA
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Elliott Kieff
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
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26
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Woda M, Mathew A. Fluorescently labeled dengue viruses as probes to identify antigen-specific memory B cells by multiparametric flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 2014; 416:167-77. [PMID: 25497702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Low frequencies of memory B cells in the peripheral blood make it challenging to measure the functional and phenotypic characteristics of this antigen experienced subset of B cells without in vitro culture. To date, reagents are lacking to measure ex vivo frequencies of dengue virus (DENV)-specific memory B cells. We wanted to explore the possibility of using fluorescently labeled DENV as probes to detect antigen-specific memory B cells in the peripheral blood of DENV immune individuals. Alexa Fluor dye-labeled DENV yielded viable virus that could be stored at -80°C for long periods of time. Using a careful gating strategy and methods to decrease non-specific binding, we were able to identify a small frequency of B cells from dengue immune individuals that bound labeled DENV. Sorted DENV(+) B cells from immune, but not naïve donors secreted antibodies that bound DENV after in vitro stimulation. Overall, Alexa Fluor dye-labeled DENVs are useful reagents to enable the detection and characterization of memory B cells in DENV immune individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Woda
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Anuja Mathew
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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27
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Takahashi T, Takano M, Agarikuchi T, Kurebayashi Y, Minami A, Otsubo T, Ikeda K, Suzuki T. A novel method for detection of Newcastle disease virus with a fluorescent sialidase substrate. J Virol Methods 2014; 209:136-42. [PMID: 25241143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), belonging to the family Paramixoviridae, causes respiratory and neuronal symptoms in almost all birds. NDV has haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein possessing sialidase activity. HN glycoprotein is highly expressed on the surface of NDV-infected cells, resulting in much higher sialidase activity in NDV-infected cells than in non-infected cells. It was reported that mouse and human cancer cells up-regulating sialidase expression were histochemically stained with a fluorescent sialidase substrate, 2-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-bromophenyl 5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-α-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosidonic acid (BTP3-Neu5Ac), which deposits water-insoluble fluorescent compound BTP3 on locations of sialidase activity. By using the BTP3-Neu5Ac assay, we showed that NDV-infected cells and HN gene-expressing cells could be simply detected at room temperature after only 5min. Infection of the cells with the virus resulted in apparent green fluorescence, which disappeared with addition of a sialidase inhibitor. Cells that were stained in the BTP3-Neu5Ac assay were immunostained with an anti-NDV antibody. Moreover, BTP3-Neu5Ac staining was applied to a virus overlay binding assay with NDV particles. NDV-bound protein bands on guinea pig red blood cells were easily and rapidly detected by the BTP3-Neu5Ac assay after Western blotting. BTP3-Neu5Ac offers an easy and rapid protocol for fluorescent staining of NDV and virus-infected cells without antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanobu Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan
| | - Maiko Takano
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan
| | - Takashi Agarikuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan
| | - Yuuki Kurebayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan
| | - Akira Minami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan
| | - Tadamune Otsubo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kure-shi, Hiroshima 7370112, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ikeda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kure-shi, Hiroshima 7370112, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan.
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28
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Ilyushina NA, Chernyy ES, Korchagina EY, Gambaryan AS, Henry SM, Bovin NV. Labeling of influenza viruses with synthetic fluorescent and biotin-labeled lipids. Virol Sin 2014; 29:199-210. [PMID: 25160755 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-014-3475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct labeling of virus particles is a powerful tool for the visualization of virus-cell interaction events. However, this technique involves the chemical modification of viral proteins that affects viral biological properties. Here we describe an alternative approach of influenza virus labeling that utilizes Function-Spacer-Lipid (FSL) constructs that can be gently inserted into the virus membrane. We assessed whether labeling with fluorescent (fluo-Ad-DOPE) or biotin-labeled (biot-CMG2-DOPE) probes has any deleterious effect on influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) receptor specificity, neuraminidase (NA) activity, or replicative ability in vitro. Our data clearly show that neither construct significantly affected influenza virus infectivity or viral affinity to sialyl receptors. Neither construct influenced the NA activities of the influenza viruses tested, except the A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) strain. Our data indicate that lipid labeling provides a powerful tool to analyze influenza virus infection in vitro.
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29
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Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B1 is critical for antibody-dependent dengue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:2722-7. [PMID: 24550301 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1317454111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses must evade the host innate defenses for replication and dengue is no exception. During secondary infection with a heterologous dengue virus (DENV) serotype, DENV is opsonized with sub- or nonneutralizing antibodies that enhance infection of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells via the Fc-gamma receptor (FcγR), a process termed antibody-dependent enhancement of DENV infection. However, this enhancement of DENV infection is curious as cross-linking of activating FcγRs signals an early antiviral response by inducing the type-I IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Entry through activating FcγR would thus place DENV in an intracellular environment unfavorable for enhanced replication. Here we demonstrate that, to escape this antiviral response, antibody-opsonized DENV coligates leukocyte Ig-like receptor-B1 (LILRB1) to inhibit FcγR signaling for ISG expression. This immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif-bearing receptor recruits Src homology phosphatase-1 to dephosphorylate spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). As Syk is a key intermediate of FcγR signaling, LILRB1 coligation resulted in reduced ISG expression for enhanced DENV replication. Our findings suggest a unique mechanism for DENV to evade an early antiviral response for enhanced infection.
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30
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Zhang S, Chan KR, Tan HC, Ooi EE. Dengue virus growth, purification, and fluorescent labeling. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1138:3-14. [PMID: 24696327 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0348-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The early events of the dengue virus life cycle involve virus binding, internalization, trafficking, and fusion. Fluorescently labeled viruses can be used to visualize these early processes. As dengue virus has 180 identical copies of the envelope protein attached to the membrane surface and is surrounded by a lipid membrane, amine-reactive (Alexa Fluor) or lipophilic (DiD) dyes can be used for virus labeling. These dyes are highly photostable and are ideal for studies involving cellular uptake and endosomal transport. To improve virus labeling efficiency and minimize the nonspecific labeling of nonviral proteins, virus concentration and purification precede fluorescent labeling of dengue viruses. Besides using these viruses for single-particle tracking, DiD-labeled viruses can also be used to distinguish serotype-specific from cross-neutralizing antibodies. Here the details of virus concentration, purification, virus labeling, applications, and hints of troubleshooting are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer Zhang
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
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31
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Fluorosomes: fluorescent virus-like nanoparticles that represent a convenient tool to visualize receptor-ligand interactions. SENSORS 2013; 13:8722-49. [PMID: 23881135 PMCID: PMC3758619 DOI: 10.3390/s130708722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are the smallest life forms and parasitize on many eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Consequently, the study of viruses and viral diseases has had an enormous impact on diverse fields of biology and medicine. Due to their often pathogenic properties, viruses have not only had a strong impact on the development of immune cells but also on shaping entire immune mechanisms in their hosts. In order to better characterize virus-specific surface receptors, pathways of virus entry and the mechanisms of virus assembly, diverse methods to visualize virus particles themselves have been developed in the past decades. Apart from characterization of virus-specific mechanisms, fluorescent virus particles also serve as valuable platforms to study receptor-ligand interactions. Along those lines the authors have developed non-infectious virus-like nanoparticles (VNP), which can be decorated with immune receptors of choice and used for probing receptor-ligand interactions, an especially interesting application in the field of basic but also applied immunology research. To be able to better trace receptor-decorated VNP the authors have developed technology to introduce fluorescent proteins into such particles and henceforth termed them fluorosomes (FS). Since VNP are assembled in a simple expression system relying on HEK-293 cells, gene-products of interest can be assembled in a simple and straightforward fashion—one of the reasons why the authors like to call fluorosomes ‘the poor-man's staining tool’. Within this review article an overview on virus particle assembly, chemical and recombinant methods of virus particle labeling and examples on how FS can be applied as sensors to monitor receptor-ligand interactions on leukocytes are given.
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32
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Roehrig JT, Butrapet S, Liss NM, Bennett SL, Luy BE, Childers T, Boroughs KL, Stovall JL, Calvert AE, Blair CD, Huang CYH. Mutation of the dengue virus type 2 envelope protein heparan sulfate binding sites or the domain III lateral ridge blocks replication in Vero cells prior to membrane fusion. Virology 2013; 441:114-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chawla T, Chan KR, Zhang SL, Tan HC, Lim APC, Hanson BJ, Ooi EE. Dengue virus neutralization in cells expressing Fc gamma receptors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65231. [PMID: 23717696 PMCID: PMC3661447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) in hematopoietic cells serve to remove antibody-opsonized antigens, including dengue virus (DENV), from systemic circulation. While neutralizing antibody concentrations provide humoral immunity, cross-reactive or sub-neutralizing levels of antibody can result in antibody-dependent enhancement of DENV infection that increases overall viral burden. Recently, it has been suggested that the antibody levels needed for DENV neutralization differs when different FcγR is engaged. If this is true, the threshold titer used to infer immunity should be influenced by FcγR usage. Here, using cells that express both activating and inhibitory FcγRs, we show that the type of FcγR engaged during phagocytosis can influence the antibody concentration requirement for DENV neutralization. We demonstrate that phagocytosis through FcγRI requires significantly less antibody for complete DENV neutralization compared to FcγRIIA. Furthermore, when DENV is opsonized with sub-neutralizing levels of antibody, FcγRI-mediated phagocytosis resulted in significantly reduced DENV titers compared to FcγRIIA. However, while FcγRI may remove antibody-opsonized DENV more efficiently, this receptor is only preferentially engaged by clustering when neutralizing, but not sub-neutralizing antibody concentrations, were used. Collectively, our study demonstrates that activating FcγR usage may influence antibody titers needed for DENV neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Chawla
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Summer L. Zhang
- Defence Science Organization National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee Cheng Tan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angeline P. C. Lim
- Defence Science Organization National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brendon J. Hanson
- Defence Science Organization National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Defence Science Organization National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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34
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Teoh EP, Kukkaro P, Teo EW, Lim APC, Tan TT, Yip A, Schul W, Aung M, Kostyuchenko VA, Leo YS, Chan SH, Smith KGC, Chan AHY, Zou G, Ooi EE, Kemeny DM, Tan GK, Ng JKW, Ng ML, Alonso S, Fisher D, Shi PY, Hanson BJ, Lok SM, MacAry PA. The structural basis for serotype-specific neutralization of dengue virus by a human antibody. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:139ra83. [PMID: 22723463 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that affects 2.5 billion people worldwide. There are four dengue serotypes (DENV1 to DENV4), and infection with one elicits lifelong immunity to that serotype but offers only transient protection against the other serotypes. Identification of the protective determinants of the human antibody response to DENV is a vital requirement for the design and evaluation of future preventative therapies and treatments. Here, we describe the isolation of a neutralizing antibody from a DENV1-infected patient. The human antibody 14c10 (HM14c10) binds specifically to DENV1. HM14c10 neutralizes the virus principally by blocking virus attachment; at higher concentrations, a post-attachment step can also be inhibited. In vivo studies show that the HM14c10 antibody has antiviral activity at picomolar concentrations. A 7 Å resolution cryoelectron microscopy map of Fab fragments of HM14c10 in a complex with DENV1 shows targeting of a discontinuous epitope that spans the adjacent surface of envelope protein dimers. As found previously, a human antibody specific for the related West Nile virus binds to a similar quaternary structure, suggesting that this could be an immunodominant epitope. These findings provide a structural and molecular context for durable, serotype-specific immunity to DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Ping Teoh
- Department of Microbiology and Life Sciences Institute Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Ligation of Fc gamma receptor IIB inhibits antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:12479-84. [PMID: 21746897 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1106568108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of antibodies, dengue virus (DENV), and monocytes can result in either immunity or enhanced virus infection. These opposing outcomes of dengue antibodies have hampered dengue vaccine development. Recent studies have shown that antibodies neutralize DENV by either preventing virus attachment to cellular receptors or inhibiting viral fusion intracellularly. However, whether the antibody blocks attachment or fusion, the resulting immune complexes are expected to be phagocytosed by Fc gamma receptor (FcγR)-bearing cells and cleared from circulation. This suggests that only antibodies that are able to block fusion intracellularly would be able to neutralize DENV upon FcγR-mediated uptake by monocytes whereas other antibodies would have resulted in enhancement of DENV replication. Using convalescent sera from dengue patients, we observed that neutralization of the homologous serotypes occurred despite FcγR-mediated uptake. However, FcγR-mediated uptake appeared to be inhibited when neutralized heterologous DENV serotypes were used instead. We demonstrate that this inhibition occurred through the formation of viral aggregates by antibodies in a concentration-dependent manner. Aggregation of viruses enabled antibodies to cross-link the inhibitory FcγRIIB, which is expressed at low levels but which inhibits FcγR-mediated phagocytosis and hence prevents antibody-dependent enhancement of DENV infection in monocytes.
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