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Popovic M, Šekularac G, Stevanović M. Thermodynamics of microbial consortia: Enthalpies and Gibbs energies of microorganism live matter and macromolecules of E. coli, G. oxydans, P. fluorescens, S. thermophilus and P. chrysogenum. J Biotechnol 2024; 379:6-17. [PMID: 37949121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Every microorganism represents a biothermodynamic system, characterized by an empirical formula and thermodynamic properties of biosynthesis. Gibbs energy of biosynthesis influences the multiplication rate of a microorganism. In case of a mixed culture (microbial consortia) biosynthesis processes of microbial species are competitive. This is why Gibbs energy of biosynthesis determines the growth in a mixed culture. This paper gives a mechanistic model that explains growth of microorganisms in mixed culture and ability to grow in microbial consortia. Detailed biosynthesis reactions were formulated for the first time for five microorganism species, which include metallic elements. Moreover, thermodynamic properties of live matter and biosynthesis were calculated for the first time for five microorganism species and macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Popovic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Gavrilo Šekularac
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Maja Stevanović
- Inovation Centre of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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2
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Popovic M, Pantović Pavlović M, Pavlović M. Ghosts of the past: Elemental composition, biosynthesis reactions and thermodynamic properties of Zeta P.2, Eta B.1.525, Theta P.3, Kappa B.1.617.1, Iota B.1.526, Lambda C.37 and Mu B.1.621 variants of SARS-CoV-2. MICROBIAL RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 24:100263. [PMID: 37234934 PMCID: PMC10199755 DOI: 10.1016/j.mran.2023.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
From the perspectives of molecular biology, genetics and biothermodynamics, SARS-CoV-2 is the among the best characterized viruses. Research on SARS-CoV-2 has shed a new light onto driving forces and molecular mechanisms of viral evolution. This paper reports results on empirical formulas, biosynthesis reactions and thermodynamic properties of biosynthesis (multiplication) for the Zeta P.2, Eta B.1.525, Theta P.3, Kappa B.1.617.1, Iota B.1.526, Lambda C.37 and Mu B.1.621 variants of SARS-CoV-2. Thermodynamic analysis has shown that the physical driving forces for evolution of SARS-CoV-2 are Gibbs energy of biosynthesis and Gibbs energy of binding. The driving forces have led SARS-CoV-2 through the evolution process from the original Hu-1 to the newest variants in accordance with the expectations of the evolution theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Popovic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Pantović Pavlović
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Belgrade, Centre of Excellence in Chemistry and Environmental Engineering - ICTM, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Pavlović
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Belgrade, Centre of Excellence in Chemistry and Environmental Engineering - ICTM, Belgrade, Serbia
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3
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Popovic M. The SARS-CoV-2 Hydra, a tiny monster from the 21st century: Thermodynamics of the BA.5.2 and BF.7 variants. MICROBIAL RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 23:100249. [PMID: 36777924 PMCID: PMC9898946 DOI: 10.1016/j.mran.2023.100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 resembles the ancient mythical creature Hydra. Just like with the Hydra, when one head is cut, it is followed by appearance of two more heads, suppression of one SARS-CoV-2 variant causes appearance of newer variants. Unlike Hydra that grows identical heads, newer SARS-CoV-2 variants are usually more infective, which can be observed as time evolution of the virus at hand, which occurs through acquisition of mutations during time. The appearance of new variants is followed by appearance of new COVID-19 pandemic waves. With the appearance of new pandemic waves and determining of sequences, in the scientific community and general public the question is always raised of whether the new variant will be more virulent and more pathogenic. The two variants characterized in this paper, BA.5.2 and BF.7, have caused a pandemic wave during the late 2022. This paper gives full chemical and thermodynamic characterization of the BA.5.2 and BF.7 variants of SARS-CoV-2. Having in mind that Gibbs energy of binding and biosynthesis represent the driving forces for the viral life cycle, based on the calculated thermodynamic properties we can conclude that the newer variants are more infective than earlier ones, but that their pathogenicity has not changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Popovic
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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4
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Molendijk MM, Phan MVT, Bode LGM, Strepis N, Prasad DK, Worp N, Nieuwenhuijse DF, Schapendonk CME, Boekema BKHL, Verbon A, Koopmans MPG, de Graaf M, van Wamel WJB. Microcalorimetry: A Novel Application to Measure In Vitro Phage Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in Human Serum. Viruses 2022; 15:14. [PMID: 36680055 PMCID: PMC9865112 DOI: 10.3390/v15010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections involving antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) represent a major challenge to successful treatment. Further, although bacteriophages (phages) could be an alternative to antibiotics, there exists a lack of correlation in phage susceptibility results between conventional in vitro and in vivo assays. This discrepancy may hinder the potential implementation of bacteriophage therapy. In this study, the susceptibility of twelve S. aureus strains to three commercial phage cocktails and two single phages was assessed. These S. aureus strains (including ten clinical isolates, five of which were methicillin-resistant) were compared using four assays: the spot test, efficiency of plating (EOP), the optical density assay (all in culture media) and microcalorimetry in human serum. In the spot test, EOP and optical density assay, all cocktails and single phages lysed both methicillin susceptible and methicillin resistant S. aureus strains. However, there was an absence of phage-mediated lysis in high concentrations of human serum as measured using microcalorimetry. As this microcalorimetry-based assay more closely resembles in vivo conditions, we propose that microcalorimetry could be included as a useful addition to conventional assays, thereby facilitating more accurate predictions of the in vivo susceptibility of S. aureus to phages during phage selection for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle M. Molendijk
- Department Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - My V. T. Phan
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe P.O. Box 49, Uganda
| | - Lonneke G. M. Bode
- Department Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolas Strepis
- Department Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Divyae K. Prasad
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Worp
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Annelies Verbon
- Department Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Miranda de Graaf
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J. B. van Wamel
- Department Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Biothermodynamics of Viruses from Absolute Zero (1950) to Virothermodynamics (2022). Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122112. [PMID: 36560522 PMCID: PMC9784531 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biothermodynamics of viruses is among the youngest but most rapidly developing scientific disciplines. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it closely followed the results published by molecular biologists. Empirical formulas were published for 50 viruses and thermodynamic properties for multiple viruses and virus variants, including all variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, Ebola virus, Vaccinia and Monkeypox virus. A review of the development of biothermodynamics of viruses during the last several decades and intense development during the last 3 years is described in this paper.
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Popovic M. Why doesn't Ebola virus cause pandemics like SARS-CoV-2? MICROBIAL RISK ANALYSIS 2022; 22:100236. [PMID: 36312211 PMCID: PMC9597532 DOI: 10.1016/j.mran.2022.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ebola virus is among the most dangerous, contagious and deadly etiological causes of viral diseases. However, Ebola virus has never extensively spread in human population and never have led to a pandemic. Why? The mechanistic biophysical model revealing the biothermodynamic background of virus-host interaction) could help us to understand pathogenesis of Ebola virus disease (earlier known as the Ebola hemorrhagic fever). In this paper for the first time the empirical formula, thermodynamic properties of biosynthesis (including the driving force of virus multiplication in the susceptible host), binding constant and thermodynamic properties of binding are reported. Thermodynamic data for Ebola virus were compared with data for SARS-CoV-2 to explain why SARS-CoV-2 has caused a pandemic, while Ebola remains on local epidemic level. The empirical formula of the Ebola virus was found to be CH1.569O0.3281N0.2786P0.00173S0.00258. Standard Gibbs energy of biosynthesis of the Ebola virus nucleocapsid is -151.59 kJ/C-mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Popovic
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Popovic M. Beyond COVID-19: Do biothermodynamic properties allow predicting the future evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants? MICROBIAL RISK ANALYSIS 2022; 22:100232. [PMID: 36061411 PMCID: PMC9428117 DOI: 10.1016/j.mran.2022.100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many statistical and epidemiological studies have been published, trying to predict the future development of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, it would be beneficial to have a specific, mechanistic biophysical model, based on the driving forces of processes performed during virus-host interactions and fundamental laws of nature, allowing prediction of future evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses. In this paper, an attempt was made to predict the development of the pandemic, based on biothermodynamic parameters: Gibbs energy of binding and Gibbs energy of growth. Based on analysis of biothermodynamic parameters of various variants of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV that appeared during evolution, an attempt was made to predict the future directions of evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and potential occurrence of new strains that could lead to new pandemic waves. Possible new mutations that could appear in the future could lead to changes in chemical composition, biothermodynamic properties (driving forces of new virus strains) and biological properties of SARS CoV-2 that represent a risk for humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Popovic
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354 , Germany
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8
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Omicron BA.2.75 Sublineage (Centaurus) Follows the Expectations of the Evolution Theory: Less Negative Gibbs Energy of Biosynthesis Indicates Decreased Pathogenicity. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres13040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the group of RNA viruses with a pronounced tendency to mutate. Omicron BA.2.75 is a subvariant believed to be able to suppress the currently dominant BA.5 and cause a new winter wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Omicron BA.2.75 is characterized by a greater infectivity compared to earlier Omicron variants. However, the Gibbs energy of the biosynthesis of virus particles is slightly less negative compared to those of other variants. Thus, the multiplication rate of Omicron BA.2.75 is lower than that of other SARS-CoV-2 variants. This leads to slower accumulation of newly formed virions and less damage to host cells, indicating evolution of SARS-CoV-2 toward decreasing pathogenicity.
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Omicron BA.2.75 Subvariant of SARS-CoV-2 Is Expected to Have the Greatest Infectivity Compared with the Competing BA.2 and BA.5, Due to Most Negative Gibbs Energy of Binding. BIOTECH (BASEL (SWITZERLAND)) 2022; 11:biotech11040045. [PMID: 36278557 PMCID: PMC9589998 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Omicron BA.2.75 may become the next globally dominant strain of COVID-19 in 2022. The BA.2.75 sub-variant has acquired more mutations (9) in spike protein and other genes of SARS-CoV-2 than any other variant. Thus, its chemical composition and thermodynamic properties have changed compared with earlier variants. In this paper, the Gibbs energy of the binding and antigen-receptor binding rate was reported for the BA.2.75 variant. Gibbs energy of the binding of the Omicron BA.2.75 variant is more negative than that of the competing variants BA.2 and BA.5.
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Yao H, Wan L, Guo Y, Mao Y, Xin Z. Thermal and Kinetic Research on a Highly Exothermic Condensation Reaction by Powerful Calorimeters. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuxin Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong Xin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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Düzgüneş N, Sessevmez M, Yildirim M. Bacteriophage Therapy of Bacterial Infections: The Rediscovered Frontier. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:34. [PMID: 33466546 PMCID: PMC7824886 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant infections present a serious health concern worldwide. It is estimated that there are 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections and 35,000 deaths in the United States every year. Such microorganisms include Acinetobacter, Enterobacterioceae, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Mycobacterium. Alternative treatment methods are, thus, necessary to treat such infections. Bacteriophages are viruses of bacteria. In a lytic infection, the newly formed phage particles lyse the bacterium and continue to infect other bacteria. In the early 20th century, d'Herelle, Bruynoghe and Maisin used bacterium-specific phages to treat bacterial infections. Bacteriophages are being identified, purified and developed as pharmaceutically acceptable macromolecular "drugs," undergoing strict quality control. Phages can be applied topically or delivered by inhalation, orally or parenterally. Some of the major drug-resistant infections that are potential targets of pharmaceutically prepared phages are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Acinetobacter baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejat Düzgüneş
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Melike Sessevmez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey;
| | - Metin Yildirim
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Tarsus University, Mersin 33400, Turkey;
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Xu J, Kiesel B, Kallies R, Jiang F, Liu Y, Maskow T. A fast and reliable method for monitoring of prophage-activating chemicals. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:1112-1120. [PMID: 29327434 PMCID: PMC6196395 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages, that is viruses that infect bacteria, either lyse bacteria directly or integrate their genome into the bacterial genome as so-called prophages, where they remain at a silent state. Both phages and bacteria are able to survive in this state. However, prophages can be reactivated with the introduction of chemicals, followed by the release of a high number of phage particles, which could infect other bacteria, thus harming ecosystems by a viral bloom. The basics for a fast, automatable analytical method for the detection of prophage-activating chemicals are developed and successfully tested here. The method exploits the differences in metabolic heat produced by Escherichia coli with (λ+) and without the lambda prophages (λ-). Since the metabolic heat primarily reflects opposing effects (i.e. the reduction of heat-producing cells by lysis and enhanced heat production to deliver the energetic costs for the synthesis of phages), a systematic analysis of the influence of the different conditions (experimentally and in silico) was performed and revealed anoxic conditions to be best suited. The main advantages of the suggested monitoring method are not only the possibility of obtaining fast results (after only few hours), but also the option for automation, the low workload (requires only few minutes) and the suitability of using commercially available instruments. The future challenge following this proof of principle is the development of thermal transducers which allow for the electronic subtraction of the λ+ from the λ- signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyCollege of Chemistry and Molecule SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Bärbel Kiesel
- Department of Environmental MicrobiologyUFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchPermoserstrasse 1504318LeipzigGermany
| | - René Kallies
- Department of Environmental MicrobiologyUFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchPermoserstrasse 1504318LeipzigGermany
| | - Feng‐Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyCollege of Chemistry and Molecule SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)College of Chemistry and Molecule SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyCollege of Chemistry and Molecule SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)College of Chemistry and Molecule SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Thomas Maskow
- Department of Environmental MicrobiologyUFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchPermoserstrasse 1504318LeipzigGermany
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Real-time assessment of bacteriophage T3-derived antimicrobial activity against planktonic and biofilm-embedded Escherichia coli by isothermal microcalorimetry. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:515-521. [PMID: 29886257 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms, highly resistant to the conventional antimicrobial therapy, remain an unresolved challenge pressing the medical community to investigate new and alternative strategies to fight chronic implant-associated infections. Recently, strictly lytic bacteriophages have been revalued as powerful agents to kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria even in biofilm. Here, the interaction of T3 bacteriophage and planktonic and biofilm Escherichia coli TG1, respectively, was evaluated using isothermal microcalorimetry. Microcalorimetry is a non-invasive and highly sensitive technique measuring growth-related heat production of microorganisms in real-time. Planktonic and biofilm E. coli TG1 were exposed to different titers of T3 bacteriophage, ranging from 102 to 107 PFU/ml. The incubation of T3 with E. coli TG1 showed a strong inhibition of heat production both in planktonic and biofilm already at lower bacteriophage titers (103 PFU/ml). This method could be used to screen and evaluate the antimicrobial potential of different bacteriophages, alone and in combination with antibiotics in order to improve the treatment success of biofilm-associated infections.
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Xu J, Jiang FL, Liu Y, Kiesel B, Maskow T. An enhanced bioindicator for calorimetric monitoring of prophage-activating chemicals in the trace concentration range. Eng Life Sci 2018; 18:475-483. [PMID: 32624928 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses that infect bacteria (bacteriophages) can either lyse bacteria directly or integrate their genome into the bacterial genome. In the latter case, the viral genome (called prophage) remains dormant, and both phages and bacteria are able to survive in this state. But the silent prophages can be reactivated by, e.g., chemicals, accompanied by the release of substantial quantities of phage particles that further infect other phage-sensitive bacteria, thus harming ecosystems or technical systems by way of a viral bloom. Recently, a calorimetric method was developed to monitor the prophage-activating properties of chemicals. The method evaluates the difference in the metabolic heat of the Escherichia coli bioindicator with (λ+) and without (λ-) lambda prophages under the influence of the test substances. Simulations and experiments clearly demonstrate that the sensitivity of the test can be significantly improved, when a customized mixture of λ+ and λ- E. coli strains is used for enhanced bioindication. Hence, the new method mirrors a common situation in nature, where bacteria with and without prophages coexist. In summary, a monitoring method is suggested that provides quick results (after few hours) and offers both the option for automation with low workload (requires only a few minutes) and usage of commercially available instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology College of Chemistry and Molecule Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecule Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Feng-Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology College of Chemistry and Molecule Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecule Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology College of Chemistry and Molecule Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecule Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan P.R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Bärbel Kiesel
- Department of Environmental Microbiology UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig Germany
| | - Thomas Maskow
- Department of Environmental Microbiology UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig Germany
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15
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Rohde MT, Paufler S, Harms H, Maskow T. Calorespirometric feeding control enhances bioproduction from toxic feedstocks-Demonstration for biopolymer production out of methanol. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:2113-21. [PMID: 27043974 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The sustainable production of fuels and industrial bulk chemicals by microorganisms in biotechnological processes is promising but still facing various challenges. In particular, toxic substrates require an efficient process control strategy. Methanol, as an example, has the potential to become a major future feedstock due to its availability from fossil and renewable resources. However, besides being toxic, methanol is highly volatile. To optimize its dosage during microbial cultivations, an innovative, predictive process control strategy based on calorespirometry, i.e., simultaneous measurements of heat and CO2 emission rates, was developed. This rarely used technique allows an online-estimation of growth parameters such as the specific growth rate and substrate consumption rate as well as a detection of shifts in microbial metabolism thus enabling an adapted feeding for different phases of growth. The calorespirometric control strategy is demonstrated exemplarily for growth of the methylotrophic bacterium Methylobacterium extorquens on methanol and compared to alternative control strategies. Applying the new approach, the methanol concentration could be maintained far below a critical limit, while increased growth rates of M. extorquens and higher final contents of the biopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate were obtained. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2113-2121. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Teresa Rohde
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Paufler
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hauke Harms
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Maskow
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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Buchholz F, Lerchner J, Mariana F, Kuhlicke U, Neu TR, Harms H, Maskow T. Chip-calorimetry provides real time insights into the inactivation of biofilms by predatory bacteria. BIOFOULING 2012; 28:351-362. [PMID: 22509741 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2012.673593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Control or removal of undesired biofilms has frequently been found to be quite difficult. In addition to biocidal or antibiotic chemicals or materials designed to prevent biofouling, biological control agents appear to be promising. Reports of bacterial predators eradicating biofilms or eliminating pathogens motivate a more systematic screening of biofilm-eliminating bacterial predators. Unfortunately, the analysis of the eradication process is demanding. In the present study, chip-calorimetry was applied to monitor the elimination of Pseudomonas sp. biofilms by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. The method uses metabolic heat as a real-time parameter for biofilm activity. The method is non-invasive, fast and convenient due to real-time data acquisition. In addition, heat-production data can reveal information about the energetics of the predator-prey interaction. The calorimetric results were validated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The approach described may be useful for the screening of biofilm susceptibility to different predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Buchholz
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
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The Choice of Suitable Online Analytical Techniques and Data Processing for Monitoring of Bioprocesses. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2012_175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Investigation of the potential of biocalorimetry as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool for monitoring and control of Crabtree-negative yeast cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:575-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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