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Cui L, Li X, Liu Z, Liu X, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Han Z, Zhang Y, Liu S, Li H. MAPK pathway orchestrates gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 infection through the biphasic activation of MEK/ERK and p38 MAPK signaling. Virology 2024; 597:110159. [PMID: 38943781 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Therapies targeting virus-host interactions are seen as promising strategies for treating gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 (ILTV) infection. Our study revealed a biphasic activation of two MAPK cascade pathways, MEK/ERK and p38 MAPK, as a notably activated host molecular event in response to ILTV infection. It exhibits antiviral functions at different stages of infection. Initially, the MEK/ERK pathway is activated upon viral invasion, leading to a broad suppression of metabolic pathways crucial for ILTV replication, thereby inhibiting viral replication from the early stage of ILTV infection. As the viral replication progresses, the p38 MAPK pathway activates its downstream transcription factor, STAT1, further hindering viral replication. Interestingly, ILTV overcomes this biphasic antiviral barrier by hijacking host p38-AKT axis, which protects infected cells from the apoptosis induced by infection and establishes an intracellular equilibrium conducive to extensive ILTV replication. These insights could provide potential therapeutic targets for ILTV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cui
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zheyi Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yongxin Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Yilei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China.
| | - Hai Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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2
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Wang JW, Li YJ, Wu HH, Hsu HH, Chang MY, Wang RY, Tian YC. The essential role of the ERK activation in large T antigen of BK polyomavirus regulated cell migration. Virus Res 2023; 336:199220. [PMID: 37689160 PMCID: PMC10507160 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) may be associated with the development of urothelial carcinoma. In Merkel cell carcinoma, TAg and tAg are the major viral proteins of Merkel cell polyomavirus with oncogenic potential. In this study, we aimed to distinguish the role of TAg and tAg in cell migration. Our result demonstrated that ERK was phosphorylated in human renal tubular cells expressing its TAg and tAg after BKPyV infection. Treatment with the ERK inhibitor U0126 suppressed BKPyV gene expression and reduced BKPyV replication. Both TAg and tAg induced cell migration via ERK-dependent signaling. Furthermore, the expression of TAg and tAg had a significant regulatory effect on focal adhesion molecules in renal proximal tubular cells, which strongly suggests that alterations in the focal adhesion complexes are critically involved in TAg and tAg-induced cell migration. Gelatin zymography profiling revealed that TAg regulates the expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, but not tAg. Interestingly, TAg regulates the expression and activity of MMP-9 through ERK signaling, whereas MMP-2 is regulated through an ERK-independent pathway. Unbalanced ERK pathway activity is frequently observed in many cancers, while MMP proteins are usually overexpressed in aggressive tumors. These findings support the view that BKPyV is an oncogenic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Wen Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jung Li
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsu Wu
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Hao Hsu
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yang Chang
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Robert Yl Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Chung Tian
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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3
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Bruschi M, Granata S, Candiano G, Petretto A, Bartolucci M, Ghiggeri GM, Stallone G, Zaza G. Proteomic analysis of urinary extracellular vesicles of kidney transplant recipients with BKV viruria and viremia: A pilot study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1028085. [PMID: 36465937 PMCID: PMC9712214 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1028085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To better define the biological machinery associated with BK virus (BKV) infection, in kidney transplantation, we performed a proteomics analysis of urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs). METHODS Twenty-nine adult kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with normal allograft function affected by BKV infection (15 with only viremia, 14 with viruria and viremia) and 15 controls (CTR, KTRs without BKV infection) were enrolled and randomly divided in a training cohort (12 BKV and 6 CTR) used for the mass spectrometry analysis of the EVs (microvesicles and exosomes) protein content and a testing cohort (17 BKV and 9 CTR) used for the biological validation of the proteomic results by ELISA. Bioinformatics and functional analysis revealed that several biological processes were enriched in BKV (including immunity, complement activation, renal fibrosis) and were able to discriminate BKV vs. CTR. Kinase was the only gene ontology annotation term including proteins less abundant in BKV (with SLK being the most significantly down-regulated protein). Non-linear support vector machine (SVM) learning and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) identified 36 proteins (including DNASE2, F12, AGT, CTSH, C4A, C7, FABP4, and BPNT1) able to discriminate the two study groups. The proteomic profile of KTRs with BKV viruria alone vs. viremia and viruria was quite similar. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for SLK, BPNT1 and DNASE2, performed on testing cohort, validated proteomics results. DISCUSSIONS Our pilot study demonstrated, for the first time, that BKV infection, also in the viruric state, can have a negative impact on the allograft and it suggested that, whether possible, an early preventive therapeutic strategy should be undertaken also in KTRs with viruria only. Our results, then, revealed new mechanistic insights into BKV infection and they selected potential biomarkers that should be tested in future studies with larger patients' cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bruschi
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Simona Granata
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Candiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Core Facilities—Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- Core Facilities—Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Kaur J, Rawat Y, Sood V, Periwal N, Rathore DK, Kumar S, Kumar N, Bhattacharyya S. Replication of Dengue Virus in K562-Megakaryocytes Induces Suppression in the Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:784070. [PMID: 35087488 PMCID: PMC8787197 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.784070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus can infect human megakaryocytes leading to decreased platelet biogenesis. In this article, we report a study of Dengue replication in human K562 cells undergoing PMA-induced differentiation into megakaryocytes. PMA-induced differentiation in these cells recapitulates steps of megakaryopoiesis including gene activation, expression of CD41/61 and CD61 platelet surface markers and accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results show differentiating megakaryocyte cells to support higher viral replication without any apparent increase in virus entry. Further, Dengue replication suppresses the accumulation of ROS in differentiating cells, probably by only augmenting the activity of the transcription factor NFE2L2 without influencing the expression of the coding gene. Interestingly pharmacological modulation of NFE2L2 activity showed a simultaneous but opposite effect on intracellular ROS and virus replication suggesting the former to have an inhibitory effect on the later. Also cells that differentiated while supporting intracellular virus replication showed reduced level of surface markers compared to uninfected differentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaskaran Kaur
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Yogita Rawat
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Vikas Sood
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Periwal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Rathore
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Shrikant Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Niraj Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Sankar Bhattacharyya
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
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5
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Kellogg C, Kouznetsova VL, Tsigelny IF. Implications of viral infection in cancer development. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188622. [PMID: 34478803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the identification of the first human oncogenic virus in 1964, viruses have been studied for their potential role in aiding the development of cancer. Through the modulation of cellular pathways associated with proliferation, immortalization, and inflammation, viral proteins can mimic the effect of driver mutations and contribute to transformation. Aside from the modulation of signaling pathways, the insertion of viral DNA into the host genome and the deregulation of cellular miRNAs represent two additional mechanisms implicated in viral oncogenesis. In this review, we will discuss the role of twelve different viruses on cancer development and how these viruses utilize the abovementioned mechanisms to influence oncogenesis. The identification of specific mechanisms behind viral transformation of human cells could further elucidate the process behind cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kellogg
- REHS Program, San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Valentina L Kouznetsova
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; BiAna San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Igor F Tsigelny
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; BiAna San Diego, CA, USA.
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6
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Mayberry CL, Bond AC, Wilczek MP, Mehmood K, Maginnis MS. Sending mixed signals: polyomavirus entry and trafficking. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 47:95-105. [PMID: 33690104 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polyomaviruses are mostly non-pathogenic, yet some can cause human disease especially under conditions of immunosuppression, including JC, BK, and Merkel cell polyomaviruses. Direct interactions between viruses and the host early during infection dictate the outcome of disease, many of which remain enigmatic. However, significant work in recent years has contributed to our understanding of how this virus family establishes an infection, largely due to advances made for animal polyomaviruses murine and SV40. Here we summarize the major findings that have contributed to our understanding of polyomavirus entry, trafficking, disassembly, signaling, and immune evasion during the infectious process and highlight major unknowns in these processes that are open areas of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen L Mayberry
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Avery Cs Bond
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Michael P Wilczek
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Kashif Mehmood
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Melissa S Maginnis
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA; Graduate School in Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, The University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
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Moens U, Macdonald A. Effect of the Large and Small T-Antigens of Human Polyomaviruses on Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163914. [PMID: 31408949 PMCID: PMC6720190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are intracellular parasites that require a permissive host cell to express the viral genome and to produce new progeny virus particles. However, not all viral infections are productive and some viruses can induce carcinogenesis. Irrespective of the type of infection (productive or neoplastic), viruses hijack the host cell machinery to permit optimal viral replication or to transform the infected cell into a tumor cell. One mechanism viruses employ to reprogram the host cell is through interference with signaling pathways. Polyomaviruses are naked, double-stranded DNA viruses whose genome encodes the regulatory proteins large T-antigen and small t-antigen, and structural proteins that form the capsid. The large T-antigens and small t-antigens can interfere with several host signaling pathways. In this case, we review the interplay between the large T-antigens and small t-antigens with host signaling pathways and the biological consequences of these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Moens
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Andrew Macdonald
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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DuShane JK, Maginnis MS. Human DNA Virus Exploitation of the MAPK-ERK Cascade. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143427. [PMID: 31336840 PMCID: PMC6679023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) comprise a particular branch of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades (MAPK) that transmits extracellular signals into the intracellular environment to trigger cellular growth responses. Similar to other MAPK cascades, the MAPK-ERK pathway signals through three core kinases—Raf, MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK), and ERK—which drive the signaling mechanisms responsible for the induction of cellular responses from extracellular stimuli including differentiation, proliferation, and cellular survival. However, pathogens like DNA viruses alter MAPK-ERK signaling in order to access DNA replication machineries, induce a proliferative state in the cell, or even prevent cell death mechanisms in response to pathogen recognition. Differential utilization of this pathway by multiple DNA viruses highlights the dynamic nature of the MAPK-ERK pathway within the cell and the importance of its function in regulating a wide variety of cellular fates that ultimately influence viral infection and, in some cases, result in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne K DuShane
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME 04401, USA
| | - Melissa S Maginnis
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME 04401, USA.
- Graduate School in Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, The University of Maine, Orono, ME 04401, USA.
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9
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ERK Is a Critical Regulator of JC Polyomavirus Infection. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01529-17. [PMID: 29321332 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01529-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) infects the majority of the population worldwide and presents as an asymptomatic, persistent infection in the kidneys. In individuals who are immunocompromised, JCPyV can become reactivated and cause a lytic infection in the central nervous system resulting in the fatal, demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Infection is initiated by interactions between the capsid protein viral protein 1 (VP1) and the α2,6-linked sialic acid on lactoseries tetrasaccharide c (LSTc), while JCPyV internalization is facilitated by 5-hydroxytryptamine 2 receptors (5-HT2Rs). The mechanisms by which the serotonin receptors mediate virus entry and the signaling cascades required to drive viral infection remain poorly understood. JCPyV was previously shown to induce phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a downstream target of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, upon virus entry. However, it remained unclear whether ERK activation was required for JCPyV infection. Both ERK-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) and ERK inhibitor treatments resulted in significantly diminished JCPyV infection in both kidney and glial cells yet had no effect on the infectivity of the polyomavirus simian virus 40 (SV40). Experiments characterizing the role of ERK during steps in the viral life cycle indicate that ERK activation is required for viral transcription, as demonstrated by a significant reduction in production of large T antigen (TAg), a key viral protein associated with the initiation of viral transcription and viral replication. These findings delineate the role of the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway in JCPyV infection, elucidating how the virus reprograms the host cell to promote viral pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Viral infection is dependent upon host cell factors, including the activation of cellular signaling pathways. These interactions between viruses and host cells are necessary for infection and play an important role in viral disease outcomes. The focus of this study was to determine how the human JC polyomavirus (JCPyV), a virus that resides in the kidney of the majority of the population and can cause the fatal, demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in the brains of immunosuppressed individuals, usurps a cellular signaling pathway to promote its own infectious life cycle. We demonstrated that the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a component of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, promotes JCPyV transcription, which is required for viral infection. Our findings demonstrate that the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway is a key determinant of JCPyV infection, elucidating new information regarding the signal reprogramming of host cells by a pathogenic virus.
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Baez CF, Brandão Varella R, Villani S, Delbue S. Human Polyomaviruses: The Battle of Large and Small Tumor Antigens. Virology (Auckl) 2017; 8:1178122X17744785. [PMID: 29238174 PMCID: PMC5721967 DOI: 10.1177/1178122x17744785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
About 40 years ago, the large and small tumor antigens (LT-Ag and sT-Ag) of the polyomavirus (PyVs) simian vacuolating virus 40 have been identified and characterized. To date, it is well known that all the discovered human PyVs (HPyVs) encode these 2 multifunctional and tumorigenic proteins, expressed at viral replication early stage. The 2 T-Ags are able to transform cells both in vitro and in vivo and seem to play a distinct role in the pathogenesis of some tumors in humans. In addition, they are involved in viral DNA replication, transcription, and virion assembly. This short review focuses on the structural and functional features of the HPyVs’ LT-Ag and sT-Ag, with special attention to their transforming properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Freze Baez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Sonia Villani
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Delbue
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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11
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Helle F, Brochot E, Handala L, Martin E, Castelain S, Francois C, Duverlie G. Biology of the BKPyV: An Update. Viruses 2017; 9:v9110327. [PMID: 29099746 PMCID: PMC5707534 DOI: 10.3390/v9110327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The BK virus (BKPyV) is a member of the Polyomaviridae family first isolated in 1971. BKPyV causes frequent infections during childhood and establishes persistent infections with minimal clinical implications within renal tubular cells and the urothelium. However, reactivation of BKPyV in immunocompromised individuals may cause serious complications. In particular, with the implementation of more potent immunosuppressive drugs in the last decade, BKPyV has become an emerging pathogen in kidney and bone marrow transplant recipients where it often causes associated nephropathy and haemorrhagic cystitis, respectively. Unfortunately, no specific antiviral against BKPyV has been approved yet and the only therapeutic option is a modulation of the immunosuppressive drug regimen to improve immune control though it may increase the risk of rejection. A better understanding of the BKPyV life cycle is thus needed to develop efficient treatment against this virus. In this review, we provide an update on recent advances in understanding the biology of BKPyV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Helle
- EA4294, Unité de Virologie Clinique et Fondamentale, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire et Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80054 Amiens, France.
| | - Etienne Brochot
- EA4294, Unité de Virologie Clinique et Fondamentale, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire et Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80054 Amiens, France.
| | - Lynda Handala
- EA4294, Unité de Virologie Clinique et Fondamentale, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire et Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80054 Amiens, France.
| | - Elodie Martin
- EA4294, Unité de Virologie Clinique et Fondamentale, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire et Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80054 Amiens, France.
| | - Sandrine Castelain
- EA4294, Unité de Virologie Clinique et Fondamentale, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire et Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80054 Amiens, France.
| | - Catherine Francois
- EA4294, Unité de Virologie Clinique et Fondamentale, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire et Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80054 Amiens, France.
| | - Gilles Duverlie
- EA4294, Unité de Virologie Clinique et Fondamentale, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire et Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80054 Amiens, France.
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12
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Dai M, Feng M, Ye Y, Wu X, Liu D, Liao M, Cao W. Exogenous avian leukosis virus-induced activation of the ERK/AP1 pathway is required for virus replication and correlates with virus-induced tumorigenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19226. [PMID: 26754177 PMCID: PMC4709637 DOI: 10.1038/srep19226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A proteomics approach was used to reveal the up-regulated proteins involved in the targeted mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway in DF-1 cells after ALV subgroup J (ALV-J) infection. Next, we found that ALV-J CHN06 strain infection of DF-1 cells correlated with extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) activation, which was mainly induced within 15 min, a very early stage of infection, and at a late infection stage, from 108 h to 132 h post-infection. Infection with other ALV subgroup (A/B) strains also triggered ERK/MAPK activation. Moreover, when activating ERK2, ALV subgroups A, B and J simultaneously induced the phosphorylation of c-Jun, an AP1 family member and p38 activation but had no obvious effect on JNK activation at either 15 min or 120 h. Interestingly, only PD98059 inhibited the ALV-induced c-Jun phosphorylation while SP600125 or SB203580 had no influence on c-Jun activation. Furthermore, the viral gp85 and gag proteins were found to contribute to ERK2/AP1 activation. Additionally, the specific ERK inhibitor, PD980509, significantly suppressed ALV replication, as evidenced by extremely low levels of ALV promoter activity and ALV-J protein expression. In vivo analysis of ERK2 activation in tumor cells derived from ALV-J-infected chicken demonstrated a strong correlation between ERK/MAPK activation and virus-associated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Feng
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaochan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture
- South China Collaborative innovation Center for Prevention and Control of poultry Infectious diseases and Safety of Poultry Products.
| | - Weisheng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture
- South China Collaborative innovation Center for Prevention and Control of poultry Infectious diseases and Safety of Poultry Products.
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The vaccinia virus O1 protein is required for sustained activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and promotes viral virulence. J Virol 2011; 86:2323-36. [PMID: 22171261 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06166-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained activation of the Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in infected cells has been shown to be crucial for full replication efficiency of orthopoxviruses in cell culture. In infected cells, this pathway is mainly activated by the vaccinia virus growth factor (VGF), an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like protein. We show here that chorioallantois vaccinia virus Ankara (CVA), but not modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), induced sustained activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in infected human 293 cells, although both viruses direct secretion of functional VGF. A CVA mutant lacking the O1L gene (CVA-ΔO1L) demonstrated that the O1 protein was required for sustained upregulation of the ERK1/2 pathway in 293 cells as well as in other mammalian cell lines. The highly conserved orthopoxvirus O1L gene encodes a predicted 78-kDa protein with a hitherto-unknown function. CVA-ΔO1L showed reduced plaque size and an attenuated cytopathic effect (CPE) in infected cell cultures and reduced virulence and spread from lungs to ovaries in intranasally infected BALB/c mice. Reinsertion of an intact O1L gene into MVA, which in its original form harbors a fragmented O1L open reading frame (ORF), restored ERK1/2 activation in 293 cells but did not increase replication and spread of MVA in human or other mammalian cell lines. Thus, the O1 protein was crucial for sustained ERK1/2 activation in CVA- and MVA-infected human cells, complementing the autocrine function of VGF, and enhanced virulence in vivo.
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14
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Zhu L, Ding X, Zhu X, Meng S, Wang J, Zhou H, Duan Q, Tao J, Schifferli DM, Zhu G. Biphasic activation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk1/2 signaling pathways in bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection of MDBK cells. Vet Res 2011; 42:57. [PMID: 21492439 PMCID: PMC3089790 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many viruses have been known to control key cellular signaling pathways to facilitate the virus infection. The possible involvement of signaling pathways in bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) infection is unknown. This study indicated that infection of MDBK cells with BoHV-1 induced an early-stage transient and a late-stage sustained activation of both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and mitogen activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (MAPK/Erk1/2) signaling pathways. Analysis with the stimulation of UV-irradiated virus indicated that the virus binding and/or entry process was enough to trigger the early phase activations, while the late phase activations were viral protein expression dependent. Biphasic activation of both pathways was suppressed by the selective inhibitor, Ly294002 for PI3K and U0126 for MAPK kinase (MEK1/2), respectively. Furthermore, treatment of MDBK cells with Ly294002 caused a 1.5-log reduction in virus titer, while U0126 had little effect on the virus production. In addition, the inhibition effect of Ly294002 mainly occurred at the post-entry stage of the virus replication cycle. This revealed for the first time that BoHV-1 actively induced both PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk1/2 signaling pathways, and the activation of PI3K was important for fully efficient replication, especially for the post-entry stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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