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Zhang Y, Wang M, Sun Y, Xiao X, Wang S, Li P, Liu Y, Zhao H, Meng Y, Yin R. Rapid Differential Detection of Wild-Type Classical Swine Fever Virus and Hog Cholera Lapinized Virus Vaccines by TaqMan MGB-Based Dual One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR. Vet Sci 2024; 11:289. [PMID: 39057973 PMCID: PMC11281418 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11070289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To establish a rapid real-time RT-PCR method for differentiating wild-type classical swine fever virus (CSFV) strains from vaccine strains (HCLV), we designed a universal primer targeting the NS3 gene to detect wild-type CSFV strains and vaccine strains simultaneously, and two TaqMan-MGB probes were designed to differentiate between wild-type and vaccine strains. After optimizing the RT-qPCR conditions, a rapid dual TaqMan-MGB RT-qPCR method for the detection and identification of CSFV and HCLV was developed. The results showed that method could specifically detect CSFV and HCLV with no cross-reactivity with other swine pathogens. The analytic sensitivity for the NS3 gene of CSFV and HCLV were 1.67 × 101 copies/μL, respectively. For precision testing, the repeatability and reproducibility of the test was less than 2%. This method was successfully used for the rapid detection of 193 biological samples collected from CSFV-vaccinated pigs. This fast and accurate detection technology can be used for the detection of CSFV and is suitable for differentiating between wild-type CSFV strains and vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhe Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Yajuan Sun
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
- Research and Development Center, Sairuisi Biotechnology (Jilin) Co., Ltd., Changchun 130102, China
| | - Xingyu Xiao
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Songsong Wang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Yansong Liu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Hongri Zhao
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Yan Meng
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Rui Yin
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
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Hu X, Feng S, Shi K, Shi Y, Yin Y, Long F, Wei X, Li Z. Development of a quadruplex real-time quantitative RT-PCR for detection and differentiation of PHEV, PRV, CSFV, and JEV. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1276505. [PMID: 38026635 PMCID: PMC10643766 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1276505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) cause similar neurological symptoms in the infected pigs, and their differential diagnosis depends on laboratory testing. Four pairs of specific primers and probes were designed targeting the PHEV N gene, PRV gB gene, CSFV 5' untranslated region (5'UTR), and JEV NS1 gene, respectively, and a quadruplex real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was developed to detect and differentiate PHEV, PRV, CSFV, and JEV. The assay showed high sensitivity, with the limit of detection (LOD) of 1.5 × 101 copies/μL for each pathogen. The assay specifically detected only PHEV, PRV, CSFV, and JEV, without cross-reaction with other swine viruses. The coefficients of variation (CVs) of the intra-assay and the inter-assay were less than 1.84%, with great repeatability. A total of 1,977 clinical samples, including tissue samples, and whole blood samples collected from Guangxi province in China, were tested by the developed quadruplex qRT-PCR, and the positivity rates of PHEV, PRV, CSFV, and JEV were 1.57% (31/1,977), 0.35% (7/1,977), 1.06% (21/1,977), and 0.10% (2/1,977), respectively. These 1,977 samples were also tested by the previously reported qRT-PCR assays, and the coincidence rates of these methods were more than 99.90%. The developed assay is demonstrated to be rapid, sensitive, and accurate for detection and differentiation of PHEV, PRV, CSFV, and JEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shuping Feng
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Kaichuang Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Yuwen Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanwen Yin
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Long
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Xiankai Wei
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Zongqiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Wang H, Hu R, Huang Q, Zhang H, Zhang E, Yang H. Screening and detection of multivalent human papillomavirus antibodies using a high-throughput liquid chip fluoroimmunoassay system. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4541-4547. [PMID: 37642087 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00931a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Immunoassays are commonly used in disease diagnosis and vaccine evaluation but can be costly and time-consuming when confronted with multivalent targets, such as antisera containing antibodies to human papillomavirus (HPV), because of their limited ability to discriminate between multiple analytes in a single reaction well. This study describes the development of a high-throughput liquid chip system that combines immunoassay techniques and magnetic beads to allow the simultaneous screening and quantitative detection of antibodies to four types of HPV using the Luminex fluoroimmunoassay system. Groups of beads embedded with fluorescent dyes at various ratios were coated with optimized HPV capture antigens and demonstrated excellent dose-dependent response to four monoclonal antibodies used as reference standards. This assay is sensitive, accurate, repeatable, and simple to perform, enabling multiplex antibody detection with a high degree of orthogonality. The performance of the Luminex system was compared with conventional immunoassays for quantitative detection of quadrivalent HPV antibodies in antisera of mice immunized with five lots of HPV vaccines, verifying the accuracy and detection efficiency of the assay. This strategy is a promising approach to characterizing antibodies present in polyclonal antisera and has promising applications in research, clinical, and industrial settings, for example, streamlining vaccine efficacy trials and vaccine lot inspection and release procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing 401121, P. R. China
| | - Rong Hu
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing 401121, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Huang
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing 401121, P. R. China
| | - Haijiang Zhang
- Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - En Zhang
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing 401121, P. R. China
| | - Huijie Yang
- Division of Respiratory Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, P. R. China.
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Wang L, Mi S, Madera R, Li Y, Gong W, Tu C, Shi J. A Novel Competitive ELISA for Specifically Measuring and Differentiating Immune Responses to Classical Swine Fever C-Strain Vaccine in Pigs. Viruses 2022; 14:1544. [PMID: 35891524 PMCID: PMC9315997 DOI: 10.3390/v14071544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever can be controlled effectively by vaccination with C-strain vaccine. In this study, we developed a novel competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) based on a C-strain Erns specific monoclonal antibody (mAb 1504), aiming to serologically measure immune responses to C-strain vaccine in pigs, and finally to make the C-strain become a DIVA-compatible vaccine. The cELISA system was established based on the strategy that mAb 1504 will compete with the C-strain induced antibodies in the pig serum to bind the C-strain Erns protein. The cELISA was optimized and was further evaluated by testing different categories of pig sera. It can efficiently differentiate C-strain immunized from wild-type CSFV-infected pigs and lacks cross-reaction with other common swine viruses and viruses in genus Pestivirus such as Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). The C-strain antibody can be tested in pigs 7-14 days post vaccination with this cELISA. The sensitivity and specificity of the established cELISA were 100% (95% confidence interval: 95.60 to 100%) and 100% (95% confidence interval: 98.30 to 100%), respectively. This novel cELISA is a reliable tool for specifically measuring and differentiating immune responses to C-strain vaccine in pigs. By combining with the wild-type CSFV-specific infection tests, it can make the C-strain have DIVA capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (R.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shijiang Mi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (S.M.); (W.G.); (C.T.)
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Rachel Madera
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (R.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (R.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wenjie Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (S.M.); (W.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Changchun Tu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (S.M.); (W.G.); (C.T.)
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jishu Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (R.M.); (Y.L.)
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Coronado L, Perera CL, Rios L, Frías MT, Pérez LJ. A Critical Review about Different Vaccines against Classical Swine Fever Virus and Their Repercussions in Endemic Regions. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:154. [PMID: 33671909 PMCID: PMC7918945 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is, without any doubt, one of the most devasting viral infectious diseases affecting the members of Suidae family, which causes a severe impact on the global economy. The reemergence of CSF virus (CSFV) in several countries in America, Asia, and sporadic outbreaks in Europe, sheds light about the serious concern that a potential global reemergence of this disease represents. The negative aspects related with the application of mass stamping out policies, including elevated costs and ethical issues, point out vaccination as the main control measure against future outbreaks. Hence, it is imperative for the scientific community to continue with the active investigations for more effective vaccines against CSFV. The current review pursues to gather all the available information about the vaccines in use or under developing stages against CSFV. From the perspective concerning the evolutionary viral process, this review also discusses the current problematic in CSF-endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liani Coronado
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (L.C.); (C.L.P.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Carmen L. Perera
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (L.C.); (C.L.P.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Liliam Rios
- Reiman Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada;
| | - María T. Frías
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (L.C.); (C.L.P.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Lester J. Pérez
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL 61802, USA
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Wang L, Madera R, Li Y, McVey DS, Drolet BS, Shi J. Recent Advances in the Diagnosis of Classical Swine Fever and Future Perspectives. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080658. [PMID: 32824178 PMCID: PMC7460108 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious viral disease of pigs, including wild boar. It is regarded as one of the major problems in the pig industry as it is still endemic in many regions of the world and has the potential to cause devastating epidemics, particularly in countries free of the disease. Rapid and reliable diagnosis is of utmost importance in the control of CSF. Since clinical presentations of CSF are highly variable and may be confused with other viral diseases in pigs, laboratory diagnosis is indispensable for an unambiguous diagnosis. On an international level, well-established diagnostic tests of CSF such as virus isolation, fluorescent antibody test (FAT), antigen capture antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), virus neutralization test (VNT), and antibody ELISA have been described in detail in the OIE Terrestrial Manual. However, improved CSF diagnostic methods or alternatives based on modern technologies have been developed in recent years. This review thus presents recent advances in the diagnosis of CSF and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (R.M.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (J.S.); Tel.: +1-785-532-4397 (L.W.); +1-785-532-4506 (J.S.)
| | - Rachel Madera
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (R.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (R.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - David Scott McVey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (D.S.M.); (B.S.D.)
| | - Barbara S. Drolet
- United States Department of Agriculture, Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (D.S.M.); (B.S.D.)
| | - Jishu Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (R.M.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (J.S.); Tel.: +1-785-532-4397 (L.W.); +1-785-532-4506 (J.S.)
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Coronado L, Bohórquez JA, Muñoz-González S, Perez LJ, Rosell R, Fonseca O, Delgado L, Perera CL, Frías MT, Ganges L. Investigation of chronic and persistent classical swine fever infections under field conditions and their impact on vaccine efficacy. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:247. [PMID: 31307464 PMCID: PMC6632193 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have hypothesized that circulation of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) variants when the immunity induced by the vaccine is not sterilizing might favour viral persistence. Likewise, in addition to congenital viral persistence, CSFV has also been proven to generate postnatal viral persistence. Under experimental conditions, postnatal persistently infected pigs were unable to elicit a specific immune response to a CSFV live attenuated vaccine via the mechanism known as superinfection exclusion (SIE). Here, we study whether subclinical forms of classical swine fever (CSF) may be present in a conventional farm in an endemic country and evaluate vaccine efficacy under these types of infections in field conditions. Results Six litters born from CSF-vaccinated gilts were randomly chosen from a commercial Cuban farm at 33 days of age (weaning). At this time, the piglets were vaccinated with a lapinized live attenuated CSFV C-strain vaccine. Virological and immunological analyses were performed before and after vaccination. The piglets were clinically healthy at weaning; however, 82% were viraemic, and the rectal swabs in most of the remaining 18% were positive. Only five piglets from one litter showed a specific antibody response. The tonsils and rectal swabs of five sows were CSFV positive, and only one of the sows showed an antibody response. After vaccination, 98% of the piglets were unable to clear the virus and to seroconvert, and some of the piglets showed polyarthritis and wasting after 36 days post vaccination. The CSFV E2 glycoprotein sequences recovered from one pig per litter were the same. The amino acid positions 72(R), 20(L) and 195(N) of E2 were identified in silico as positions associated with adaptive advantage. Conclusions Circulation of chronic and persistent CSF infections was demonstrated in field conditions under a vaccination programme. Persistent infection was predominant. Here, we provide evidence that, in field conditions, subclinical infections are not detected by clinical diagnosis and, despite being infected with CSFV, the animals are vaccinated, rather than diagnosed and eliminated. These animals are refractory to vaccination, likely due to the SIE phenomenon. Improvement of vaccination strategies and diagnosis of subclinical forms of CSF is imperative for CSF eradication. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1982-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liani Coronado
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Jose Alejandro Bohórquez
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sara Muñoz-González
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lester Josue Perez
- University of Illinois, College of Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, Illinois, 61802, United States
| | - Rosa Rosell
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament d'Agricultura Ramaderia i Pesca (DARP), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Osvaldo Fonseca
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Laiyen Delgado
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Carmen Laura Perera
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Maria Teresa Frías
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Muñoz-González S, Sordo Y, Pérez-Simó M, Suarez M, Canturri A, Rodriguez MP, Frías-Lepoureau MT, Domingo M, Estrada MP, Ganges L. Corrigendum to "Efficacy of E2 glycoprotein fused to porcine CD154 as a novel chimeric subunit vaccine to prevent classical swine fever virus vertical transmission in pregnant sows". Vet Microbiol 2017; 213:143-149. [PMID: 29126749 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Here we evaluated the effect of double vaccination with a novel subunit marker vaccine candidate based in the CSFV E2 glycoprotein fused to the porcine CD154 to prevent CSFV vertical transmission. A lentivirus-based gene delivery system was used to obtain a stable recombinant HEK 293 cell line for the expression of E2 fused to porcine CD154 molecule. Six pregnant sows were distributed in two groups and at 64days of gestation animals numbered 1-4 (group 1) were vaccinated via intramuscular inoculation with 50μg of E2-CD154 subunit vaccine. Animals from group 2 (numbered 5 and 6, control animals) were injected with PBS. Seventeen days later sows from group 1 were boosted with the same vaccine dose. Twenty-seven days after the first immunization, the sows were challenged with a virulent CSFV Margarita strain and clinical signs were registered. Samples were collected during the experiment and at necropsy to evaluate immune response and virological protection. Between 14 and 18days after challenge, the sows were euthanized, the foetuses were obtained and samples of sera and tissues were collected. E2-CD154 vaccinated animals remained clinically healthy until the end of the study; also, no adverse reaction was shown after vaccination. An effective boost effect in the neutralizing antibody response after the second immunization and viral challenge was observed and supports the virological protection detected in these animals after vaccination. Protection against CSFV vertical transmission was found in the 100% of serums samples from foetus of vaccinated sows. Only two out of 208 samples (0.96%) were positive with Ct value about 36 corresponding to one tonsil and one thymus, which may be non-infective viral particles. Besides, its DIVA potential and protection from vertical transmission, the novel CSFV E2 bound to CD154 subunit vaccine, is a promising alternative to the live-attenuated vaccine for developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Muñoz-González
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yusmel Sordo
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotecnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Marta Pérez-Simó
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisela Suarez
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotecnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Albert Canturri
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Rodriguez
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotecnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Mariano Domingo
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Pablo Estrada
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotecnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba.
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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Muñoz-González S, Sordo Y, Pérez-Simó M, Suárez M, Canturri A, Rodriguez MP, Frías-Lepoureau MT, Domingo M, Estrada MP, Ganges L. Efficacy of E2 glycoprotein fused to porcine CD154 as a novel chimeric subunit vaccine to prevent classical swine fever virus vertical transmission in pregnant sows. Vet Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28622852 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here we evaluated the effect of double vaccination with a novel subunit marker vaccine candidate based in the CSFV E2 glycoprotein fused to the porcine CD154 to prevent CSFV vertical transmission. A lentivirus-based gene delivery system was used to obtain a stable recombinant HEK 293 cell line for the expression of E2 fused to porcine CD154 molecule. Six pregnant sows were distributed in two groups and at 64days of gestation animals numbered 1-4 (group 1) were vaccinated via intramuscular inoculation with 50μg of E2-CD154 subunit vaccine. Animals from group 2 (numbered 5 and 6, control animals) were injected with PBS. Seventeen days later sows from group 1 were boosted with the same vaccine dose. Twenty-seven days after the first immunization, the sows were challenged with a virulent CSFV Margarita strain and clinical signs were registered. Samples were collected during the experiment and at necropsy to evaluate immune response and virological protection. Between 14 and 18days after challenge, the sows were euthanized, the foetuses were obtained and samples of sera and tissues were collected. E2-CD154 vaccinated animals remained clinically healthy until the end of the study; also, no adverse reaction was shown after vaccination. An effective boost effect in the neutralizing antibody response after the second immunization and viral challenge was observed and support the virological protection detected in these animals after vaccination. Protection against CSFV vertical transmission was found in the 100% of serums samples from foetus of vaccinated sows. Only two out of 208 samples (0.96%) were positive with Ct value about 36 corresponding to one tonsil and one thymus, which may be non-infective viral particles. Besides, its DIVA potential and protection from vertical transmission, the novel CSFV E2 bound to CD154 subunit vaccine, is a promising alternative to the live-attenuated vaccine for developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Muñoz-González
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yusmel Sordo
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Marta Pérez-Simó
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisela Suárez
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Albert Canturri
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Rodriguez
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Mariano Domingo
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Pablo Estrada
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba.
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Coronado L, Liniger M, Muñoz-González S, Postel A, Pérez LJ, Pérez-Simó M, Perera CL, Frías-Lepoureau MT, Rosell R, Grundhoff A, Indenbirken D, Alawi M, Fischer N, Becher P, Ruggli N, Ganges L. Novel poly-uridine insertion in the 3'UTR and E2 amino acid substitutions in a low virulent classical swine fever virus. Vet Microbiol 2017; 201:103-112. [PMID: 28284595 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compared the virulence in weaner pigs of the Pinar del Rio isolate and the virulent Margarita strain. The latter caused the Cuban classical swine fever (CSF) outbreak of 1993. Our results showed that the Pinar del Rio virus isolated during an endemic phase is clearly of low virulence. We analysed the complete nucleotide sequence of the Pinar del Rio virus isolated after persistence in newborn piglets, as well as the genome sequence of the inoculum. The consensus genome sequence of the Pinar del Rio virus remained completely unchanged after 28days of persistent infection in swine. More importantly, a unique poly-uridine tract was discovered in the 3'UTR of the Pinar del Rio virus, which was not found in the Margarita virus or any other known CSFV sequences. Based on RNA secondary structure prediction, the poly-uridine tract results in a long single-stranded intervening sequence (SS) between the stem-loops I and II of the 3'UTR, without major changes in the stem- loop structures when compared to the Margarita virus. The possible implications of this novel insertion on persistence and attenuation remain to be investigated. In addition, comparison of the amino acid sequence of the viral proteins Erns, E1, E2 and p7 of the Margarita and Pinar del Rio viruses showed that all non-conservative amino acid substitutions acquired by the Pinar del Rio isolate clustered in E2, with two of them being located within the B/C domain. Immunisation and cross-neutralisation experiments in pigs and rabbits suggest differences between these two viruses, which may be attributable to the amino acid differences observed in E2. Altogether, these data provide fresh insights into viral molecular features which might be associated with the attenuation and adaptation of CSFV for persistence in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liani Coronado
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), La Habana, Cuba; IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Matthias Liniger
- Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Sara Muñoz-González
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alexander Postel
- EU and OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Marta Pérez-Simó
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | | | - Rosa Rosell
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain; Departamentd'Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca, Alimentació i Medi Natural, (DAAM), Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain
| | - Adam Grundhoff
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Research Group Virus Genomics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Indenbirken
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Research Group Virus Genomics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malik Alawi
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Research Group Virus Genomics, Hamburg, Germany; Bioinformatics Service Facility, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Fischer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Becher
- EU and OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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11
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Nath MK, Sarma DK, Das BC, Deka P, Kalita D, Dutta JB, Mahato G, Sarma S, Roychoudhury P. Evaluation of specific humoral immune response in pigs vaccinated with cell culture adapted classical swine fever vaccine. Vet World 2016; 9:308-12. [PMID: 27057117 PMCID: PMC4823294 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.308-312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine an efficient vaccination schedule on the basis of the humoral immune response of cell culture adapted live classical swine fever virus (CSFV) vaccinated pigs and maternally derived antibody (MDA) in piglets of vaccinated sows. Materials and Methods: A cell culture adapted live CSFV vaccine was subjected to different vaccination schedule in the present study. Serum samples were collected before vaccination (day 0) and 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 180, 194, 208, 270, 284 and 298 days after vaccination and were analyzed by liquid phase blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, MDA titre was detected in the serum of piglets at 21 and 42 days of age after farrowing of the vaccinated sows. Results: On 28 days after vaccination, serum samples of 83.33% vaccinated pigs showed the desirable level of antibody titer (log10 1.50 at 1:32 dilution), whereas 100% animals showed log10 1.50 at 1:32 dilution after 42 days of vaccination. Animals received a booster dose at 28 and 180 days post vaccination showed stable high-level antibody titre till the end of the study period. Further, piglets born from pigs vaccinated 1 month after conception showed the desirable level of MDA up to 42 days of age. Conclusion: CSF causes major losses in pig industry. Lapinised vaccines against CSFV are used routinely in endemic countries. In the present study, a cell culture adapted live attenuated vaccine has been evaluated. Based on the level of humoral immune response of vaccinated pigs and MDA titer in piglets born from immunized sows, it may be concluded that the more effective vaccination schedule for prevention of CSF is primary vaccination at 2 months of age followed by booster vaccination at 28 and 180 days post primary vaccination and at 1 month of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal K Nath
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - D K Sarma
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - B C Das
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - P Deka
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - D Kalita
- ICAR - All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Pigs, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - J B Dutta
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - G Mahato
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - S Sarma
- Department of Veterinary Bio-chemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - P Roychoudhury
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Aizawal, Mizoram, India
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12
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Muñoz-González S, Pérez-Simó M, Colom-Cadena A, Cabezón O, Bohórquez JA, Rosell R, Pérez LJ, Marco I, Lavín S, Domingo M, Ganges L. Classical Swine Fever Virus vs. Classical Swine Fever Virus: The Superinfection Exclusion Phenomenon in Experimentally Infected Wild Boar. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149469. [PMID: 26919741 PMCID: PMC4768946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Two groups with three wild boars each were used: Group A (animals 1 to 3) served as the control, and Group B (animals 4 to 6) was postnatally persistently infected with the Cat01 strain of CSFV (primary virus). The animals, six weeks old and clinically healthy, were inoculated with the virulent strain Margarita (secondary virus). For exclusive detection of the Margarita strain, a specific qRT-PCR assay was designed, which proved not to have cross-reactivity with the Cat01 strain. The wild boars persistently infected with CSFV were protected from superinfection by the virulent CSFV Margarita strain, as evidenced by the absence of clinical signs and the absence of Margarita RNA detection in serum, swabs and tissue samples. Additionally, in PBMCs, a well-known target for CSFV viral replication, only the primary infecting virus RNA (Cat01 strain) could be detected, even after the isolation in ST cells, demonstrating SIE at the tissue level in vivo. Furthermore, the data analysis of the Margarita qRT-PCR, by means of calculated ΔCt values, supported that PBMCs from persistently infected animals were substantially protected from superinfection after in vitro inoculation with the Margarita virus strain, while this virus was able to infect naive PBMCs efficiently. In parallel, IFN-α values were undetectable in the sera from animals in Group B after inoculation with the CSFV Margarita strain. Furthermore, these animals were unable to elicit adaptive humoral (no E2-specific or neutralising antibodies) or cellular immune responses (in terms of IFN-γ-producing cells) after inoculation with the second virus. Finally, a sequence analysis could not detect CSFV Margarita RNA in the samples tested from Group B. Our results suggested that the SIE phenomenon might be involved in the evolution and phylogeny of the virus, as well as in CSFV control by vaccination. To the best of our knowledge, this study was one of the first showing efficient suppression of superinfection in animals, especially in the absence of IFN-α, which might be associated with the lack of innate immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Muñoz-González
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Simó
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Andreu Colom-Cadena
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Oscar Cabezón
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - José Alejandro Bohórquez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosa Rosell
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament d’Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca, Alimentació i Medi natural, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ignasi Marco
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Santiago Lavín
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mariano Domingo
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals (DAAM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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13
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Zhou W, Ullman K, Chowdry V, Reining M, Benyeda Z, Baule C, Juremalm M, Wallgren P, Schwarz L, Zhou E, Pedrero SP, Hennig-Pauka I, Segales J, Liu L. Molecular investigations on the prevalence and viral load of enteric viruses in pigs from five European countries. Vet Microbiol 2015; 182:75-81. [PMID: 26711031 PMCID: PMC7125590 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Porcine astrovirus type 4 was prevalent in the 49 European farms with a high viral load. Rotaviruses were mainly found in diarrheic pigs. Kobuvirus and porcine circovirus 2 were ubiquitous.
Enteric viral infections in pigs may cause diarrhea resulting in ill-thrift and substantial economic losses. This study reports the enteric infections with porcine astrovirus type 4 (PAstV4), porcine group A rotavirus (GARV), porcine group C rotavirus (GCRV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine kobuvirus (PKoV) in 419 pigs, comprising both healthy and diarrheic animals, from 49 farms in five European countries (Austria, Germany, Hungary, Spain and Sweden). Real-time RT-PCR assays were developed to test fecal samples and to compare the prevalence and viral load in relation to health status, farms of origin and age groups. The results showed that PAstV4 (70.4%) was the dominant virus species, followed by PKoV (56.7%), PCV2 (42.2%), GCRV (3%) and GARV (0.9%). Diarrheic pigs had a higher viral load of PAstV4 in the nursery and growing-finishing groups. Rotaviruses were mainly detected in diarrheic pigs, whereas PCV2 was more often detected in clinically healthy than in diarrheic pigs, suggesting that most PCV2 infections were subclinical. PAstV4, PCV2 and PKoV were considered ubiquitous in the European pig livestock and co-infections among them were frequent, independently of the disease status, in contrast to a low prevalence of classical rotavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China; National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Ullman
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vinay Chowdry
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Claudia Baule
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Per Wallgren
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lukas Schwarz
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Enmin Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sonia Pina Pedrero
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joaquim Segales
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lihong Liu
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden.
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14
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Muñoz-González S, Perez-Simó M, Muñoz M, Bohorquez JA, Rosell R, Summerfield A, Domingo M, Ruggli N, Ganges L. Efficacy of a live attenuated vaccine in classical swine fever virus postnatally persistently infected pigs. Vet Res 2015; 46:78. [PMID: 26159607 PMCID: PMC4496848 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) causes major losses in pig farming, with various degrees of disease severity. Efficient live attenuated vaccines against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) are used routinely in endemic countries. However, despite intensive vaccination programs in these areas for more than 20 years, CSF has not been eradicated. Molecular epidemiology studies in these regions suggests that the virus circulating in the field has evolved under the positive selection pressure exerted by the immune response to the vaccine, leading to new attenuated viral variants. Recent work by our group demonstrated that a high proportion of persistently infected piglets can be generated by early postnatal infection with low and moderately virulent CSFV strains. Here, we studied the immune response to a hog cholera lapinised virus vaccine (HCLV), C-strain, in six-week-old persistently infected pigs following post-natal infection. CSFV-negative pigs were vaccinated as controls. The humoral and interferon gamma responses as well as the CSFV RNA loads were monitored for 21 days post-vaccination. No vaccine viral RNA was detected in the serum samples and tonsils from CSFV postnatally persistently infected pigs for 21 days post-vaccination. Furthermore, no E2-specific antibody response or neutralising antibody titres were shown in CSFV persistently infected vaccinated animals. Likewise, no of IFN-gamma producing cell response against CSFV or PHA was observed. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the absence of a response to vaccination in CSFV persistently infected pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Muñoz-González
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Perez-Simó
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Muñoz
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Alejandro Bohorquez
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosa Rosell
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. .,Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca, Alimentació i Medi Natural, (DAAM), Generalitat de Catalunya, Catalunya, Spain.
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and immunology (IVI), Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
| | - Mariano Domingo
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. .,Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- Institute of Virology and immunology (IVI), Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Everett HE, Crudgington BS, Sosan-Soulé O, Crooke HR. Differential detection of classical swine fever virus challenge strains in C-strain vaccinated pigs. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:281. [PMID: 25495277 PMCID: PMC4280032 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Control of classical swine fever (CSF) by vaccination ideally requires that field strain infection can be detected irrespective of the vaccination status of the herd. To inform on the usefulness of molecular tests compatible with genetic Differentiation of Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) principles when using live-attenuated vaccines, tonsil homogenates from a vaccination-challenge experiment were analyzed using a differential real-time qRT-PCR for the C-strain vaccine or real-time qRT-PCR assays developed to specifically detect the challenge strains used. Results In animals with high or moderate levels of blood viraemia, which were not, or not fully, protected by vaccination, challenge virus RNA was readily detected in tonsil homogenates. In three out of the seven vaccinated animals that had high or moderate viraemia, the vaccine strain RNA also could be detected but at lower levels. Lower but varying levels of challenge and/or vaccine virus RNA were detected in tonsil homogenate samples from animals with no or low-level viraemia, and in groups solely consisting of such animals, no transmission of infection to naïve in-contact animals occurred. In one group of animals that were vaccinated 3 days prior to challenge, viraemia levels varied from high to absent and transmission of challenge virus to naïve in-contact animals occurred. The DIVA assay revealed challenge virus in all tonsil homogenates from this group, even in those animals that did not have viraemia and were protected from clinical disease by vaccination. Such animals, particularly in a low biosecurity/informal farm setting, could constitute a risk for disease control in the field. Conclusions Genetic DIVA testing is useful for detecting the presence of field virus infection especially in non-viraemic animals without overt clinical signs but which are incompletely protected by vaccination. Such tests could particularly be useful to inform decisions prior to and during cessation of a control strategy that employs vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Everett
- Virology Department, APHA, New Haw, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, UK.
| | | | | | - Helen R Crooke
- Virology Department, APHA, New Haw, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, UK.
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16
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Widén F, Everett H, Blome S, Fernandez Pinero J, Uttenthal A, Cortey M, von Rosen T, Tignon M, Liu L. Comparison of two real-time RT-PCR assays for differentiation of C-strain vaccinated from classical swine fever infected pigs and wild boars. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:455-7. [PMID: 25017044 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever is one of the most important infectious diseases for the pig industry worldwide due to its economic impact. Vaccination is an effective means to control disease, however within the EU its regular use is banned owing to the inability to differentiate infected and vaccinated animals, the so called DIVA principle. This inability complicates monitoring of disease and stops international trade thereby limiting use of the vaccine in many regions. The C-strain vaccine is safe to use and gives good protection. It is licensed for emergency vaccination in the EU in event of an outbreak. Two genetic assays that can distinguish between wild type virus and C-strain vaccines have recently been developed. Here the results from a comparison of these two real-time RT-PCR assays in an interlaboratory exercise are presented. Both assays showed similar performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Widén
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology, The National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - H Everett
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Addlestone, UK
| | - S Blome
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - A Uttenthal
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU-VET), Lindholm, Kalvehave, Denmark
| | - M Cortey
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology, The National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T von Rosen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU-VET), Lindholm, Kalvehave, Denmark
| | - M Tignon
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre CODA-CERVA, Uccle, Brussel, Belgium
| | - L Liu
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology, The National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Chowdry VK, Luo Y, Widén F, Qiu HJ, Shan H, Belák S, Liu L. Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay combined with a lateral flow dipstick for rapid and simple detection of classical swine fever virus in the field. J Virol Methods 2013; 197:14-8. [PMID: 24300833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious viral disease and may cause heavy economic loss to farmers. The rapid, simple and accurate diagnosis of the disease at the frontline, for example on the farms of concern is crucial for disease control. This study describes the development and evaluation of a new loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay coupled with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) for the detection of classical swine fever virus (CSFV). This RT-LAMP-LFD assay combines the efficient one-step isothermal amplification of CSF viral RNA and the simplicity of the LFD to read the results within two to five minutes. Seven genotypes (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and 3.1), but not genotype 3.4, were successfully detected by the RT-LAMP-LFD assay, indicating that the method has a broad range of detection and can be applied in different geographical areas where CSFV strains belonging to these genotypes are present. The performance of this RT-LAMP-LFD assay was similar to that of the real-time RT-PCR. The analytical sensitivity was about 100copies per reaction when testing two genotypes (1.1 and 2.3). No cross-reactivity to non-CSFV pestiviruses was observed. This RT-LAMP-LFD assay can be a useful novel tool for the rapid, simple and economic diagnosis of classical swine fever in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Chowdry
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yuzi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Frederik Widén
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hu Shan
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sándor Belák
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Lin YC, Wu SC, Yang MY, Chen GT, Li TH, Liau MY. Application of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to monitoring infection of classic swine fever virus and determining optimal harvest time in large-scale production. Vaccine 2013; 31:5565-71. [PMID: 24021314 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the non-cytopathogenic replication of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in cell culture, large-scale production of CSFV using bioreactor system remains the problem of monitoring the time of maximum virus production for optimal harvest. In this study, we proposed the application of real-time quantitative PCR assay to monitoring the progress of CSFV infection and yield determination in large scale. The region of NS5B of CSFV responsible for CSFV genome replication was used for the designation of primers and probe. Viral titers determined by the real-time quantitative PCR assay were compared with the conventional cell-culture based method of immunofluorescent staining. Results from large scale production show that a similar profile of CSFV production was successfully outlined by real-time quantitative PCR and virus yields were comparable to the results from immunofluorescent staining assay. By using this method, an optimal harvesting time of the production could be rapidly and precisely determined leading to an improvement in virus harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ching Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Fooyin University, 151 Jinxue Road, Daliao District, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan, ROC.
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Tang YW, Stratton CW. Recent Advances in Veterinary Diagnostic Virology: Report from a Collaborating Centre of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7120236 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3970-7_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases have a very high impact on animal and human health and welfare today, despite of strong efforts and good results in diagnostics, vaccine developments and control measures, including the early warning systems. There are many reasons, which have to be considered as supporting factors for the spread of infectious diseases, such as the open borders of the European Union, allowing rather free movement of animals over a whole continent, the globalization, the released and accelerated international and national trade and animal transfer. Simultaneously, the emergence and re-emergence of new or already known pathogens is a various serious issue in veterinary and in human medicine. This scenario is clearly illustrated by the regular occurrence of transboundary animal diseases (TADs), such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), classical swine fever (CSF), African swine fever (ASF), among others. The recent occurrence of African swine fever in the Caucasus region and the spread afterwards to large territories of Russia clearly illustrates that our health authorities require a very strong preparedness, including prompt and powerful diagnosis, for the successful fight against the novel scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, 10065 New York USA
| | - Charles W. Stratton
- Vanderbilt Clinic, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 22nd Avenue 1301, Nashville, 37232-5310 Tennessee USA
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