1
|
Kaur R, Maan S, Batra K, Singh N, Chahal N, Kumar A. Rapid detection of porcine sapelovirus by reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:178. [PMID: 38252231 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine Sapelovirus (PSV) infection has been confirmed in pigs worldwide, mostly asymptomatic, but in some cases, it can lead to significant issues in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, neurological, or reproductive systems. PSV is considered an emerging pathogen of porcine species. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a simple and fast isothermal technique that uses three enzymes for amplification without the use of any sophisticated equipment. METHODS AND RESULTS The reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay was developed and optimized for field based detection of PSV. The assay was developed by targeting 5´UTR region of PSV genome and optimized for reaction time, temperature, primer and MgOAc concentration. The analytical sensitivity and specificity of assay was determined. The assay was evaluated on 85 porcine faecal samples collected from field. In addition to conventional format, this assay was also optimized for visual dye-based detection format and lateral flow strips based detection (in combination with probe). The developed assay works at constant temperature of 35 °C for 20 min with forward primer concentration 20pm, reverse primer concentration 10pm and MgOAc concentration of 14mM. This assay is highly sensitive and detects up to 28 copies of viral nucleic acid both in the conventional as well as in fluorescent dye based detection format. Using the newly developed assay 21 samples out of 85 samples were found positive, showing positivity rate of 24.7%. The positivity rate of RT-RPA assay corroborated with the gold standard RT-PCR test. CONCLUSIONS This study presented the development of an RT-RPA isothermal assay for rapid and accurate detection of PSV. The assay is highly sensitive, specific, works at a low and constant temperature, does not require any high-end instrument and can be a potential diagnostics tool for pen-side testing of PSV in the field conditions. The newly developed RT-RPA assay could successfully detect PSV circulating in swine population of Haryana, India. This is a first report of this kind from the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Sushila Maan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India.
| | - Kanisht Batra
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Niharika Chahal
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen QY, Sun ZH, Che YL, Chen RJ, Wu XM, Wu RJ, Wang LB, Zhou LJ. High Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Recombination of Porcine Sapelovirus in Pig Farms in Fujian, Southern China. Viruses 2023; 15:1751. [PMID: 37632093 PMCID: PMC10458035 DOI: 10.3390/v15081751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) is a ubiquitous virus in farmed pigs that is associated with SMEDI syndrome, polioencephalomyelitis, and diarrhea. However, there are few reports on the prevalence and molecular characterization of PSV in Fujian Province, Southern China. In this study, the prevalence of PSV and a poetical combinative strain PSV2020 were characterized using real-time PCR, sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. As a result, an overall sample prevalence of 30.8% was detected in 260 fecal samples, and a farm prevalence of 76.7% was observed in 30 Fujian pig farms, from 2020 to 2022. Noteably, a high rate of PSV was found in sucking pigs. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the full-length genome of PSV2020 was 7550 bp, and the genetic evolution of its ORF region was closest to the G1 subgroup, which was isolated from Asia and America; the similarity of nucleotides and amino acids to other PSVs was 59.5~88.7% and 51.7~97.0%, respectively. However, VP1 genetic evolution analysis showed a distinct phylogenetic topology from the ORF region; PSV2020 VP1 was closer to the DIAPD5469-10 strain isolated from Italy than strains isolated from Asia and America, which comprise the G1 subgroup based on the ORF region. Amino acid discrepancy analysis illustrated that the PSV2020 VP1 gene inserted twelve additional nucleotides, corresponding to four additional amino acids (STAE) at positions 898-902 AAs. Moreover, a potential recombination signal was observed in the 2A coding region, near the 3' end of VP1, owing to recombination analysis. Additionally, 3D genetic evolutionary analysis showed that all reference strains demonstrated, to some degree, regional conservation. These results suggested that PSV was highly prevalent in Fujian pig farms, and PSV2020, a PSV-1 genotype strain, showed gene diversity and recombination in evolutionary progress. This study also laid a scientific foundation for the investigation of PSV epidemiology, molecular genetic characteristics, and vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yong Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Q.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.C.); (R.-J.C.); (X.-M.W.); (R.-J.W.)
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Zhi-Hua Sun
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Yong-Liang Che
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Q.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.C.); (R.-J.C.); (X.-M.W.); (R.-J.W.)
| | - Ru-Jing Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Q.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.C.); (R.-J.C.); (X.-M.W.); (R.-J.W.)
| | - Xue-Min Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Q.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.C.); (R.-J.C.); (X.-M.W.); (R.-J.W.)
| | - Ren-Jie Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Q.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.C.); (R.-J.C.); (X.-M.W.); (R.-J.W.)
| | - Long-Bai Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Q.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.C.); (R.-J.C.); (X.-M.W.); (R.-J.W.)
| | - Lun-Jiang Zhou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Q.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.C.); (R.-J.C.); (X.-M.W.); (R.-J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hao C, Ren H, Wu X, Shu X, Li Z, Hu Y, Zeng Q, Zhang Y, Zu S, Yuan J, Zhang H, Hu H. Preparation of monoclonal antibody and identification of two novel B cell epitopes to VP1 protein of porcine sapelovirus. Vet Microbiol 2022; 275:109593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
4
|
Yang T, Zhang L, Lu Y, Guo M, Zhang Z, Lin A. Characterization of porcine sapelovirus prevalent in western Jiangxi, China. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:273. [PMID: 34391425 PMCID: PMC8364068 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02979-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) infection can lead severe polioencephalomyelitis with high morbidity and mortality, which result in significant economic losses. Infection with the PSV is believed to be common yet limited information is available on the prevalence and molecular characterization of PSV in China. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the prevalence and genome of PSV strains identified in the western Jiangxi province of China. RESULTS A high specificity and sensitivity SYBR Green I-based RT-PCR method for PSV detection was developed. Two hundred and ninety four fecal samples were collected from December 2018 to March 2019 in 4 farms. An overall PSV-positivity rate of 11.22% (33/294) was detected with the real-time RT-PCR method, and a high infection rate and viral load of PSV were found in nursery pigs. In total, complete VP1 gene sequences of 11 PSV strains (PSV-YCs) were obtained. Homology comparisons of the VP1 gene of the 11 PSV-YCs with previously reported PSVs revealed nucleotide sequence identities ranging from 63% to 96.8%, and deduced amino acid sequence identities from 61.4% to 99.7%. Phylogenetic analyses based on the VP1 gene exhibited 2 main clades corresponding to PSV-1 and PSV-2, and all PSV-YCs prevalent in western Jiangxi belonged to the traditional genotype (PSV-1). In addition, the pairwise distances of VP1 gene sequences between PSV-YCs ranged from 0.009 to 0.198, which indicating that substantial genetic diversity among the PSVs in western Jiangxi. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of PSV in the Jiangxi province pig herds in China, and it is crucial to understand the epidemiology of the viruses in China. The results also provide an important theoretical foundation for diagnosis and early warning of epidemic diseases caused by PSVs prevailing in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Lingqian Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yingmei Lu
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Minhong Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhibang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Sapelovirus (SPV), an emerging virus in the family Picornaviridae, is detected in several animal and bird species irrespective of their age. Amid all SPVs, porcine sapeloviruses (PSVs) are more ubiquitously present all over the world in porcine population. These viruses are highly stable in different environmental conditions and spread easily within the susceptible animals mainly through faeco-oral route. Usually, PSVs cause asymptomatic infections but are also clinically associated with encephalomyelitis, respiratory distress, fertility disorders and skin lesions. PSV-associated outbreaks have been reported where death occurs due to polioencephalitis and respiratory paralysis. Till date, PSVs have been detected from several European and Asian countries with moderate-to-high prevalence and clinical course. Viral capsid proteins are immunogenic and mutations in these proteins are responsible for the diverse nature of the viruses. Further, genomic analysis shows the varied evolutionary patterns and the presence of recombination within PSV strains. These viruses also exist as concurrent infections with several enteric bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens. Classical to modern biotechnological assays are in use to detect PSV involving virus isolation in cell culture, immunohistochemistry, conventional nucleic acid amplification techniques, quantitative real-time amplification assays and isothermal amplification molecular techniques. Till date, there is no vaccine available against PSVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal Singh Malik
- Biological Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mahendra Pal Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang C, He H, Zhang C, Zhang X, Han J, Zhang H, Luo Y, Wu Y, Wang Y, Ge B, Xu J. One-step triplex reverse-transcription PCR detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine sapelovirus, and porcine sapovirus. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:909-912. [PMID: 31650901 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719883834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine diarrhea can be caused by multiple agents, including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine sapelovirus (PSV), and porcine sapovirus (SaV). We designed a one-step triplex reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) detection method including 3 pairs of primers that focused on the S1 gene of PEDV, a conserved gene of PSV, and the VP1 gene of SaV. The optimal concentrations of upstream and downstream primers in the triplex RT-PCR were 0.24 μM for PEDV, 0.15 μM for PSV, and 0.2 μM for SaV, and the optimal annealing temperature was 55.5°C. Triplex RT-PCR assessment of 402 piglet diarrhea samples was compared with conventional individual RT-PCR. Concordance rates in both tests for individual viruses were 100%, 97.6%, and 94.4% for PEDV, PSV, and SaV, respectively. PEDV, PSV, and SaV were detected in 57.2%, 10.4%, and 9.0% of the samples, respectively. The high sensitivity and specificity of this triplex RT-PCR-based detection method for PEDV, PSV, and SaV could allow rapid detection and analysis of mixed infections by these 3 viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Jiang
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (Jiang, He, C. Zhang, X. Zhang, H. Zhang, Luo, Wu, Wang, Ge, Xu).,Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China (Han)
| | - Haijian He
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (Jiang, He, C. Zhang, X. Zhang, H. Zhang, Luo, Wu, Wang, Ge, Xu).,Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China (Han)
| | - Chaoying Zhang
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (Jiang, He, C. Zhang, X. Zhang, H. Zhang, Luo, Wu, Wang, Ge, Xu).,Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China (Han)
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (Jiang, He, C. Zhang, X. Zhang, H. Zhang, Luo, Wu, Wang, Ge, Xu).,Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China (Han)
| | - Jianfeng Han
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (Jiang, He, C. Zhang, X. Zhang, H. Zhang, Luo, Wu, Wang, Ge, Xu).,Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China (Han)
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (Jiang, He, C. Zhang, X. Zhang, H. Zhang, Luo, Wu, Wang, Ge, Xu).,Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China (Han)
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (Jiang, He, C. Zhang, X. Zhang, H. Zhang, Luo, Wu, Wang, Ge, Xu).,Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China (Han)
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (Jiang, He, C. Zhang, X. Zhang, H. Zhang, Luo, Wu, Wang, Ge, Xu).,Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China (Han)
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (Jiang, He, C. Zhang, X. Zhang, H. Zhang, Luo, Wu, Wang, Ge, Xu).,Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China (Han)
| | - Bingqian Ge
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (Jiang, He, C. Zhang, X. Zhang, H. Zhang, Luo, Wu, Wang, Ge, Xu).,Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China (Han)
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (Jiang, He, C. Zhang, X. Zhang, H. Zhang, Luo, Wu, Wang, Ge, Xu).,Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China (Han)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Malik YS, Verma AK, Kumar N, Touil N, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Bora DP, Dhama K, Ghosh S, Hemida MG, Abdel-Moneim AS, Bányai K, Vlasova AN, Kobayashi N, Singh RK. Advances in Diagnostic Approaches for Viral Etiologies of Diarrhea: From the Lab to the Field. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1957. [PMID: 31608017 PMCID: PMC6758846 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The applications of correct diagnostic approaches play a decisive role in timely containment of infectious diseases spread and mitigation of public health risks. Nevertheless, there is a need to update the diagnostics regularly to capture the new, emergent, and highly divergent viruses. Acute gastroenteritis of viral origin has been identified as a significant cause of mortality across the globe, with the more serious consequences seen at the extremes of age groups (young and elderly) and immune-compromised individuals. Therefore, significant advancements and efforts have been put in the development of enteric virus diagnostics to meet the WHO ASSURED criteria as a benchmark over the years. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent (ELISA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) are the basic assays that provided the platform for development of several efficient diagnostics such as real-time RT-PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), polymerase spiral reaction (PSR), biosensors, microarrays and next generation sequencing. Herein, we describe and discuss the applications of these advanced technologies in context to enteric virus detection by delineating their features, advantages and limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Atul Kumar Verma
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, OIE Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Bhopal, India
| | - Nadia Touil
- Laboratoire de Biosécurité et de Recherche, Hôpital Militaire d’Instruction Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, DUVASU, Mathura, India
| | - Durlav Prasad Bora
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Maged Gomaa Hemida
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hufuf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, CFAES, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | | | - Raj Kumar Singh
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kumari S, Singh R, Desingu PA, Ray PK, Taru Sharma G, Saikumar G. Immunocytochemistry assay in BHK-21 cell line infected with Porcine Sapelovirus. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:751-755. [PMID: 31011920 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes an immunocytochemistry (ICC) assay with self-raised hyperimmune sera and a Baby Hamster Kidney-21 (BHK-21) cell line infected with Porcine Sapelovirus (PSV). Sapelovivus/IVRI/SPF-c-6/2015 strain Indian PSV was isolated from the porcine IBRS-2 cell line and investigated for growth on non-porcine cell lines. After two passages, PSV was successfully grown in BHK-21 and produced the same cytopathic effects as in IBRS-2 such as shrinking of cytoplasm, rounding of cells and detachment of cells from the surface of flask within 24 h. For raising of hyperimmune sera, PSV was grown in IBRS-2 cell line up to the required volume and purified by ultracentrifugation. With self-raised hyperimmune sera in laboratory rats, ICC was performed in BHK-21 cells infected with PSV. Positive signals consisted of large granular aggregates of virus in the cytoplasm near the nucleus, suggesting that PSV can infect cell lines other than those of porcine origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kumari
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - P A Desingu
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - P K Ray
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - G Taru Sharma
- Physiology and Climatology Division, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India. .,Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Swine Disease Laboratory, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Y, Du L, Jin T, Cheng Y, Zhang X, Jiao S, Huang T, Zhang Y, Yan Y, Gu J, Zhou J. Characterization and epidemiological survey of porcine sapelovirus in China. Vet Microbiol 2019; 232:13-21. [PMID: 31030837 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) is a causative agent of acute diarrhoea, respiratory distress, reproductive failure, and polioencephalomyelitis in swine. Here, we report the isolation, genomic sequence, and biological characterization of PSV isolated from pig diarrhoeal samples. In our study, two PSV strains were identified with a diameter of approximately 25 nm, and their full genomes were 7564 nucleotides in length. We named the strains PSV-JXXY-a2 and PSV-JXXY-c. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the two virus isolates were classified into the China cluster. Moreover, the PSV-JXXY-a2 strain could be inactivated quickly at 54℃ and adapted to grow on different cell lines of porcine, human, and baby hamster origin. Pathogenicity investigation showed that the isolated PSV could infect neonatal piglets efficiently and caused diarrhoea in piglets. Further epidemiological investigation revealed a high prevalence of PSV in pig herds, and the PSV-positive rates in pigs with diarrhoea were much higher than in asymptomatic samples in China. Together, our findings demonstrate that PSV-JXXY-a2 is pathogenic to neonatal piglets and advance knowledge on the prevalence of PSV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liuyang Du
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao Jin
- China National Genebank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Shaoyong Jiao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tong Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinyan Gu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kumari S, Ray PK, Singh R, Desingu PA, Sharma GT, Saikumar G. Development of a Taqman-based real-time PCR assay for detection of porcine sapelovirus infection in pigs. Anim Biotechnol 2018; 31:264-267. [PMID: 30583714 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2018.1549561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to develop a rapid, simple, specific and sensitive Taqman-based real-time PCR assay for porcine sapelovirus (PSV) detection. Specific primers and probe were designed from the five untranslated regions (UTRs) of the viral genome. The detection limit of the real-time PCR was 102 copies. The specificity of the Taqman real-time PCR assay was evaluated using other animal viruses and nuclease free water as a negative control. Strong fluorescent signals were obtained only in the detection of PSV real-time PCR and conventional RT-PCR were preformed simultaneously on 90 faecal samples. Based on conventional RT-PCR study 17.7% (16/90) of the faecal samples were positive for PSV. Whereas 21 of 90 samples (23.3%) were positive by real-time RT-PCR. The results showed that real-time PCR was more sensitive than the conventional RT-PCR assay. In conclusion, the Taqman real-time PCR assay for detection of PSV developed, herein, is sensitive, specific, and reliable. This assay will be useful for clinical diagnosis, epidemiological, and pathogenesis studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kumari
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - P K Ray
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - P A Desingu
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - G Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kumari S, Singh R, Saikumar G. Epidemiological study of porcine sapelovirus infection in pigs at Bareilly area of Uttar Pradesh, India. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1557838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kumari
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - G. Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang T, Li R, Peng W, Ge M, Luo B, Qu T, Yu X. First isolation and genetic characteristics of porcine sapeloviruses in Hunan, China. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1589-1597. [PMID: 28213873 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of diarrhea in piglets cause serious economic consequences in China. Diarrhetic fecal samples from 20 Hunan farm piglets were tested and found to be positive for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) by RT-PCR, although incubation with porcine kidney (PK-15) cells failed to produce infectious PEDV. Four porcine sapelovirus (PSV) strains (designated as PSV-HuNs) were isolated from four of the samples. Genomic sequence analysis revealed open reading frames encoding polyproteins of 2,331 (HuN1, 2 and 3) and 2,332 (HuN4) amino acids. Homology comparisons of the VP1 gene of the four Hunan strains with previously reported PSV strains revealed nucleotide sequence identities ranging from 74.2 to 98.6%, and deduced amino acid sequence identities from 79.5 to 98%. Phylogenetic analyses based on full-length and partial VP1 gene sequences showed that 3 of the PSV-HuN strains (HuN2, 3 and 4) clustered within a clade distinct from HuN1 as well as from all PSVs previously isolated in China, thereby showing that genetic diversity exists within Chinese PSVs. In addition, recombination analysis among PSVs indicates that a recombinant (HuN2 strain) exist in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Runcheng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Wang Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Binyu Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Tailong Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Xinglong Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim DS, Kang MI, Son KY, Bak GY, Park JG, Hosmillo M, Seo JY, Kim JY, Alfajaro MM, Soliman M, Baek YB, Cho EH, Lee JH, Kwon J, Choi JS, Goodfellow I, Cho KO. Pathogenesis of Korean SapelovirusA in piglets and chicks. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:2566-2574. [PMID: 27487773 PMCID: PMC5078829 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sapelovirus A (SV-A), formerly known as porcine sapelovirus as a member of a new genus Sapelovirus, is known to cause enteritis, pneumonia, polioencephalomyelitis and reproductive disorders in pigs. We have recently identified α2,3-linked sialic acid on GD1a ganglioside as a functional SV-A receptor rich in the cells of pigs and chickens. However, the role of GD1a in viral pathogenesis remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that a Korean SV-A strain could induce diarrhoea and intestinal pathology in piglets but not in chicks. Moreover, this Korean SV-A strain had mild extra-intestinal tropisms appearing as mild, non-suppurative myelitis, encephalitis and pneumonia in piglets, but not in chicks. By real-time reverse transcription (RT) PCR, higher viral RNA levels were detected in faecal samples than in sera or extra-intestinal organs from virus-inoculated piglets. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that high viral antigens were detected in the epithelial cells of intestines from virus-inoculated piglets but not from chicks. This Korean SV-A strain could bind the cultured cell lines originated from various species, but replication occurred only in cells of porcine origin. These data indicated that this Korean SV-A strain could replicate and induce pathology in piglets but not in chicks, suggesting that additional porcine-specific factors are required for virus entry and replication. In addition, this Korean SV-A strain is enteropathogenic, but could spread to the bloodstream from the gut and disseminate to extra-intestinal organs and tissues. These results will contribute to our understanding of SV-A pathogenesis so that efficient anti-sapelovirus drugs and vaccines could be developed in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Song Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Il Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Yeol Son
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-Yong Bak
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gyu Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myra Hosmillo
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ja-Young Seo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mia Madel Alfajaro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahmoud Soliman
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Bin Baek
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hyo Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hwan Lee
- Chonnam National University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Kwon
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Ian Goodfellow
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Correspondence Ian Goodfellow
| | - Kyoung-Oh Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Kyoung-Oh Cho
| |
Collapse
|