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Ayala M. Former smoking as a risk factor for visual field progression in exfoliation glaucoma patients in Sweden. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024; 34:1481-1488. [PMID: 38233361 PMCID: PMC11408981 DOI: 10.1177/11206721241226990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to identify whether former smoking was a risk factor for visual field progression in exfoliation glaucoma patients. METHODS Prospective nonrandomised cohort study. The study included patients diagnosed with exfoliation glaucoma. All included patients were followed for three years (± three months) with reliable visual fields. At least five reliable visual fields needed to be included in the study. Exfoliation glaucoma was defined using the European Glaucoma Society Guidelines. The visual fields were tested using the 24-2 test strategy of the Humphrey Field Analyzer. Smoking was assessed through questionnaires. Outcomes: Visual field progression. Three different approaches were used: difference in mean deviation (MD), rate of progression (ROP), and guided progression analysis (GPA). RESULTS In total, n = 113 patients were included; among them, n = 57 were smokers. Smoking was a significant predictor for visual field progression in the three models (MD/ROP/GPA) studied (p = 0.01/p = 0.001/p ≤ 0.001), even adjusting for intraocular pressure (IOP). Other predictors were included in the MD model: IOP at diagnosis (p = 0.04) and selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) treatment (p = 0.01). Other predictors were in the ROP model: Visual field index (p = 0.005), number of medications (p = 0.001) and SLT treatment (p = 0.001). The number of medications was another predictor in the GPA model (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Former smoking induced visual field deterioration in all models studied. Smoking status should be considered when establishing the glaucoma diagnosis. Increased glaucoma care should be provided to former smokers to slow the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Ayala
- Eye Department, Skaraborg Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University & Karolinska Institute, Skövde, Sweden
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Rajeev V, Chai YL, Poh L, Selvaraji S, Fann DY, Jo DG, De Silva TM, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, Arumugam TV, Chen CP, Lai MKP. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: a critical feature in unravelling the etiology of vascular cognitive impairment. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:93. [PMID: 37309012 PMCID: PMC10259064 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) describes a wide spectrum of cognitive deficits related to cerebrovascular diseases. Although the loss of blood flow to cortical regions critically involved in cognitive processes must feature as the main driver of VCI, the underlying mechanisms and interactions with related disease processes remain to be fully elucidated. Recent clinical studies of cerebral blood flow measurements have supported the role of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) as a major driver of the vascular pathology and clinical manifestations of VCI. Here we review the pathophysiological mechanisms as well as neuropathological changes of CCH. Potential interventional strategies for VCI are also reviewed. A deeper understanding of how CCH can lead to accumulation of VCI-associated pathology could potentially pave the way for early detection and development of disease-modifying therapies, thus allowing preventive interventions instead of symptomatic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vismitha Rajeev
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuek Ling Chai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luting Poh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharmelee Selvaraji
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Y Fann
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - T Michael De Silva
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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3
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The Association between the Binding Processes of Working Memory and Vascular Risk Profile in Adults. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091140. [PMID: 34573162 PMCID: PMC8467480 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic buffer (EB), a key component of working memory, seems to have a rather complicated function as part of binding processes. Recent papers on the field claim that binding processes of working memory (WM) are assisted by attention and executive functions. On the same page, vascular pathology is gaining more ground as the main underlying cause for many brain pathologies. Hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, lack of exercise and smoking are the most common risk factors that people of all ages suffer from and constitute the main vascular risk factors responsible for a possible decline in executive functions and attention. Thus, this research is an attempt to examine the relation between the binding functions of WM and the existence of vascular risk factors via a computerized test focusing on feature binding. The study comprised adults (n = 229) with and without vascular risk factors. The main tools used were a biomarker questionnaire and a feature binding test (FBT). The results showed that participants who report suffering from one or more vascular risk factors had significantly lower performance on specific subtasks of the FBT in comparison to the participants who were healthy. This allows us to assume that there might be a positive association between feature binding and a vascular risk profile in adults, and such a test could be a useful diagnostic tool for early cognitive impairment due to incipient vascular pathology.
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Lawrence KC, Egbule EO. Can emotional intelligence training cause a cease in tobacco smoking among school-going adolescents? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2021.1959355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Clement Lawrence
- Department of Educational Psychology and Special Education, Faculty of Education, University of Zululand, Empangeni, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Osita Egbule
- Department of Guidance & Counselling, Faculty of Education, Delta State University Abraka, Abraka, Nigeria
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Xu X, Hua Y, Wang L, Hou W, Xia M. Correlation between risk factors of cerebrovascular disease and calcified plaque characteristics in patients with atherosclerotic severe carotid stenosis. Neurol Res 2020; 42:83-89. [PMID: 31900088 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1710403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the risk factors of cerebral vascular diseases (CVD) and the characteristics of calcified plaques in patients with severe carotid arteriosclerosis stenosis (SCAS).Methods: A total of 402 patients with SCAS who were treated in our hospital between January to December 2016 were included in this study. The patients were divided into calcified plaque group and non-calcified plaque group according to the ultrasonography and computerized tomography angiography (CTA) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) imaging of SCAS-responsible plaque and the characteristics of calcified plaques evaluated by high-frequency ultrasound.Results: The patients with long-term diabetes mellitus or higher levels of fasting blood glucose were more likely to develop calcified plaques (P = 0.00 and P = 0.021, respectively). In addition, the patients with calcified plaques were mostly smokers (P = 0.016). Their smoking duration and accumulative smoking exposure were higher than those without calcified plaque (P = 0.006 and P = 0.007, respectively). The basal location of calcification (P = 0.004) and the type of patchy calcification (P = 0.00) were both easier to appear in smokers, while non-smokers were more likely to have small granular calcification (P = 0.002). Furthermore, the carotid plaque calcification with mixed-location were more frequently seen in patients with hypertension (P = 0.016). The risk factors independently associated with plaque calcification were significantly associated with smoking status, smoking age, and accumulative smoking exposure, as well as age and diabetes mellitus (all P < 0.05).Conclusion: Smoking, diabetes mellitus and age were independent risk factors for carotid plaque calcification. Smoking and hypertension were associated with specific locations and types of plaque calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Xu
- Department of vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Ultrasound, The Second Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yang Hua
- Department of vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Hou
- Department of vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyu Xia
- Department of vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Fa-Binefa M, Clará A, Pérez-Fernández S, Grau M, Dégano IR, Marti-Lluch R, Ramos R, Marrugat J, Elosua R. Early smoking-onset age and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Prev Med 2019; 124:17-22. [PMID: 31054906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Early smoking onset age (SOA) is a public health concern with scant empirical evidence of its role in health outcomes. The study had two aims: i) to assess whether an early SOA was associated with the risk of fatal and non-fatal CVD and all-cause and CVD mortality and ii) to explore the linear and non-linear association between SOA and the outcomes of interest. Data from 4499 current or former smokers, recruited from 1995 to 2005, aged 25 to 79 years, and with a median 7.02 years of follow-up, were obtained from the REGICOR population-based cohort. In the present analysis, performed in 2018, the independent variable was SOA and the dependent variables were CVD events, CVD mortality, and all-cause mortality. Penalized smoothing spline methods were used to assess the linear and non-linear association. During follow-up, 361 deaths and 210 CVD events were recorded. A significant non-linear component was identified in the association between SOA and CVD outcomes with a cut-off point at 12 years: In the group aged ≤12 years, each year of delay in SOA was inversely associated with CVD risk (HR = 0.71; 95%CI = 0.53-0.96) and CVD mortality (HR = 0.58; 95%CI = 0.37-0.90). No association was observed in the older SOA group. A linear association was observed between SOA and all-cause mortality, and each year of delay was associated with 4% lower risk of mortality (HR = 0.96; 95%CI = 0.93-0.98). The associations were adjusted for lifelong exposure to tobacco and cardiovascular risk factors. These results reinforce the value of preventing tobacco use among teenagers and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Fa-Binefa
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; School of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Clará
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Group, REGICOR, IMIM (Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas), Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Pérez-Fernández
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Group, REGICOR, IMIM (Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas), Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Grau
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Group, REGICOR, IMIM (Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas), Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene R Dégano
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Group, REGICOR, IMIM (Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas), Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Vic-Central de Catalunya, Vic, Spain
| | - Ruth Marti-Lluch
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de Girona, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Girona, Spain; ISV Research Group, Research Unit in Primary Care, Primary Care Services, Girona Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute, Girona (IdIBGi), ICS, Spain
| | - Rafel Ramos
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de Girona, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Girona, Spain; ISV Research Group, Research Unit in Primary Care, Primary Care Services, Girona Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute, Girona (IdIBGi), ICS, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Spain
| | - Jaume Marrugat
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Group, REGICOR, IMIM (Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas), Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Group, REGICOR, IMIM (Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas), Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Vic-Central de Catalunya, Vic, Spain.
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7
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Yammine L, Kosten TR, Pimenova M, Schmitz JM. Cigarette smoking, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as a potential treatment for smokers with diabetes: An integrative review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 149:78-88. [PMID: 30735771 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use disorder (TUD), in particular cigarette smoking, contributes significantly to the macro- and micro-vascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Persons with DM who regularly use tobacco products are twice as likely to experience mortality and negative health outcomes. Despite these risks, TUD remains prevalent in persons with DM. The objective of this integrative review is to summarize the relationship between TUD and DM based on epidemiological and preclinical biological evidence. We conclude with a review of the literature on the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as a potential treatment target for addressing comorbid TUD in smokers with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luba Yammine
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
| | | | - Maria Pimenova
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Joy M Schmitz
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Śliwińska-Mossoń M, Milnerowicz H. The impact of smoking on the development of diabetes and its complications. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017; 14:265-276. [PMID: 28393534 DOI: 10.1177/1479164117701876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders and emerges secondary to an interaction between genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. This work provides an overview of the impact of smoking on the development of vascular complications in this condition and also provides an overview of the potential role of smoking in predisposition to diabetes. There are many studies documenting the impact of smoking on health (not focused on patients with diabetes), suggesting that the health exposure in these individuals is at least comparable to that observed in the general population. Distinct studies of smoking in patients with diabetes have unambiguously confirmed an increased prevalence and a higher risk of early death associated with the development of macrovascular complications. Smoking is also associated with premature development of microvascular complications and may contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. It has been shown that smoking is a predictor of the progression of glucose intolerance at both the transition from normoglycaemia to impaired glucose tolerance status and the increased risk of developing diabetes. The mechanisms explaining the relationship between smoking and the development of diabetes are not fully understood, although a number of hypotheses have been put forward. Current evidence indicates that smoking cessation is not only important to prevent macrovascular complications in diabetes, but also has a role in limiting microvascular disease and may also facilitate glycaemic management in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Śliwińska-Mossoń
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Shin JY, Roh SG, Lee NH, Yang KM. Influence of Epidemiologic and Patient Behavior–Related Predictors on Amputation Rates in Diabetic Patients. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2017; 16:14-22. [DOI: 10.1177/1534734617699318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Amputation of patients with diabetic foot is a major issue worldwide, particularly from a medical and economic standpoint. This meta-analysis aimed to identify significant risk factors of high amputation rate among epidemiologic and patient behavior–related predictors in diabetic patients. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. Seven variables were extracted from the included studies and evaluated based on amputation rate. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the studies. The search strategy identified 101 publications. After screening, 33 articles were selected for review. Male sex and smoking were identified as significant risk factors of high amputation rate of diabetic foot. Although further investigation of long-term and randomized controlled studies is needed, we identified 2 variables as significant risk factors for high amputation rate in diabetic patients in this meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yong Shin
- Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Gyun Roh
- Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nae-Ho Lee
- Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Moo Yang
- Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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