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Cao Z, Liu Y, Wang Y, Leng P. Research progress on the role of PDGF/PDGFR in type 2 diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114983. [PMID: 37290188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) are basic proteins stored in the α granules of platelets. PDGFs and their receptors (PDGFRs) are widely expressed in platelets, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, platelets, pericytes, smooth muscle cells and tumor cells. The activation of PDGFR plays a number of critical roles in physiological functions and diseases, including normal embryonic development, cellular differentiation, and responses to tissue damage. In recent years, emerging experimental evidence has shown that activation of the PDGF/PDGFR pathway is involved in the development of diabetes and its complications, such as atherosclerosis, diabetic foot ulcers, diabetic nephropathy, and retinopathy. Research on targeting PDGF/PDGFR as a treatment has also made great progress. In this mini-review, we summarized the role of PDGF in diabetes, as well as the research progress on targeted diabetes therapy, which provides a new strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqi Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yijie Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yini Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ping Leng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
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2
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Shaikh SA, Muthuraman A. Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Ameliorates the Aluminium Chloride-Induced Neurovascular Dysfunction-Associated Vascular Dementia in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:828. [PMID: 37375775 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular dysfunction leads to the second most common type of dementia, i.e., vascular dementia (VaD). Toxic metals, such as aluminium, increase the risk of neurovascular dysfunction-associated VaD. Hence, we hypothesized that a natural antioxidant derived from palm oil, i.e., tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF), can attenuate the aluminium chloride (AlCl3)-induced VaD in rats. Rats were induced with AlCl3 (150 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for seven days followed by TRF treatment for twenty-one days. The elevated plus maze test was performed for memory assessment. Serum nitrite and plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured as biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction and small vessel disease determination. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) was determined as brain oxidative stress marker. Platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C) expression in the hippocampus was identified using immunohistochemistry for detecting the neovascularisation process. AlCl3 showed a significant decrease in memory and serum nitrite levels, while MPO and TBARS levels were increased; moreover, PDGF-C was not expressed in the hippocampus. However, TRF treatment significantly improved memory, increased serum nitrite, decreased MPO and TBARS, and expressed PDGF-C in hippocampus. Thus, the results imply that TRF reduces brain oxidative stress, improves endothelial function, facilitates hippocampus PDGF-C expression for neovascularisation process, protects neurons, and improves memory in neurovascular dysfunction-associated VaD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab A Shaikh
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Arunachalam Muthuraman
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
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Zheng SY, Wan XX, Kambey PA, Luo Y, Hu XM, Liu YF, Shan JQ, Chen YW, Xiong K. Therapeutic role of growth factors in treating diabetic wound. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:364-395. [PMID: 37122434 PMCID: PMC10130901 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i4.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds in diabetic patients, especially diabetic foot ulcers, are more difficult to heal compared with normal wounds and can easily deteriorate, leading to amputation. Common treatments cannot heal diabetic wounds or control their many complications. Growth factors are found to play important roles in regulating complex diabetic wound healing. Different growth factors such as transforming growth factor beta 1, insulin-like growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor play different roles in diabetic wound healing. This implies that a therapeutic modality modulating different growth factors to suit wound healing can significantly improve the treatment of diabetic wounds. Further, some current treatments have been shown to promote the healing of diabetic wounds by modulating specific growth factors. The purpose of this study was to discuss the role played by each growth factor in therapeutic approaches so as to stimulate further therapeutic thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin-Xing Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Piniel Alphayo Kambey
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xi-Min Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi-Fan Liu
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jia-Qi Shan
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Li Y, Liu Y, Liu S, Gao M, Wang W, Chen K, Huang L, Liu Y. Diabetic vascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:152. [PMID: 37037849 PMCID: PMC10086073 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular complications of diabetes pose a severe threat to human health. Prevention and treatment protocols based on a single vascular complication are no longer suitable for the long-term management of patients with diabetes. Diabetic panvascular disease (DPD) is a clinical syndrome in which vessels of various sizes, including macrovessels and microvessels in the cardiac, cerebral, renal, ophthalmic, and peripheral systems of patients with diabetes, develop atherosclerosis as a common pathology. Pathological manifestations of DPDs usually manifest macrovascular atherosclerosis, as well as microvascular endothelial function impairment, basement membrane thickening, and microthrombosis. Cardiac, cerebral, and peripheral microangiopathy coexist with microangiopathy, while renal and retinal are predominantly microangiopathic. The following associations exist between DPDs: numerous similar molecular mechanisms, and risk-predictive relationships between diseases. Aggressive glycemic control combined with early comprehensive vascular intervention is the key to prevention and treatment. In addition to the widely recommended metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, for the latest molecular mechanisms, aldose reductase inhibitors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonizts, glucokinases agonizts, mitochondrial energy modulators, etc. are under active development. DPDs are proposed for patients to obtain more systematic clinical care requires a comprehensive diabetes care center focusing on panvascular diseases. This would leverage the advantages of a cross-disciplinary approach to achieve better integration of the pathogenesis and therapeutic evidence. Such a strategy would confer more clinical benefits to patients and promote the comprehensive development of DPD as a discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- The Second Department of Gerontology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Mengqi Gao
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Keji Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- China Center for Evidence-based Medicine of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Chen X, Yu W, Zhang J, Fan X, Liu X, Liu Q, Pan S, Dixon RAF, Li P, Yu P, Shi A. Therapeutic angiogenesis and tissue revascularization in ischemic vascular disease. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:13. [PMID: 36797776 PMCID: PMC9936669 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic vascular disease is a major healthcare problem. The keys to treatment lie in vascular regeneration and restoration of perfusion. However, current treatments cannot satisfy the need for vascular regeneration to restore blood circulation. As biomedical research has evolved rapidly, a variety of potential alternative therapeutics has been explored widely, such as growth factor-based therapy, cell-based therapy, and material-based therapy including nanomedicine and biomaterials. This review will comprehensively describe the main pathogenesis of vascular injury in ischemic vascular disease, the therapeutic function of the above three treatment strategies, the corresponding potential challenges, and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Chen
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China
| | - Wenlu Yu
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825School of Ophthalmology and Optometry of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China
| | - Xiao Fan
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China
| | - Xiao Liu
- grid.412536.70000 0004 1791 7851Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, 51000 Guangdong China
| | - Qi Liu
- grid.416470.00000 0004 4656 4290Wafic Said Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Su Pan
- grid.416470.00000 0004 4656 4290Wafic Said Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Richard A. F. Dixon
- grid.416470.00000 0004 4656 4290Wafic Said Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Pengyang Li
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Peng Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China. .,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China.
| | - Ao Shi
- School of Medicine, St. George University of London, London, UK. .,School of Medicine, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Palm Oil Derived Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Attenuates Vascular Dementia in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113531. [PMID: 36362316 PMCID: PMC9653761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a serious global health issue and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are at higher risk. Palm oil tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) exhibits neuroprotective properties; however, its effect on VaD is not reported. Hence, we evaluated TRF effectiveness in T2DM-induced VaD rats. Rats were given a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA) to develop T2DM. Seven days later, diabetic rats were given TRF doses of 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg orally for 21 days. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed for memory assessment. Biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, plasma homocysteine (HCY) level, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) level, and histopathological changes in brain hippocampus and immunohistochemistry for platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C) expression were evaluated. VaD rats had significantly reduced memory, higher plasma HCY, increased AChE activity, and decreased GSH and SOD levels. However, treatment with TRF significantly attenuated the biochemical parameters and prevented memory loss. Moreover, histopathological changes were attenuated and there was increased PDGF-C expression in the hippocampus of VaD rats treated with TRF, indicating neuroprotective action. In conclusion, this research paves the way for future studies and benefits in understanding the potential effects of TRF in VaD rats.
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Grismaldo A, Sobrevia L, Morales L. Role of platelet-derived growth factor c on endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130188. [PMID: 35691459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Loss of endothelial function is a common feature to all cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). One of the risk factors associated with the development of CVDs is the hyperglycaemia that occurs in patients with metabolic disorders such as Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycaemia causes endothelial dysfunction through increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from different cellular sources leading to oxidative stress. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is essential in the stimulation and maintenance of endothelial functional aspects and, although it can mitigate the impact of ROS, VEGF-mediated signalling is partially inhibited in diabetes mellitus. The search for therapeutic strategies that preserve, protect and improve the functions of the endothelium is of great relevance in the investigation of CVDs associated with hyperglycaemia. Platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGF-C) is a peptide with angiogenic properties, independent of VEGF, that stimulates angiogenesis and revascularization of ischemic tissue. In a diabetic mouse model, PDGF-C stimulates mature endothelial cell migration, angiogenesis, endothelial progenitor cell mobilization, and increased neovascularization, and protects blood vessels in a retinal degeneration model activating anti-apoptosis and proliferation signalling pathways in endothelial cells. This review summarizes the information on the damage that high d-glucose causes on endothelial function and the beneficial effects that PDGF-CC could exert in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Grismaldo
- Experimental and Computational Biochemistry Group, Faculty of Sciences, Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia; Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; Medical School (Faculty of Medicine), Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Eutra, The Institute for Obesity Research (IOR), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Nuevo León. Mexico..
| | - Ludis Morales
- Experimental and Computational Biochemistry Group, Faculty of Sciences, Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.
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Grismaldo Rodríguez A, Zamudio Rodríguez JA, Mendieta CV, Quijano Gómez S, Sanabria Barrera S, Morales Álvarez L. Effect of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor C on Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Induced by High d-Glucose in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050639. [PMID: 35631465 PMCID: PMC9143891 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is an early marker for cardiovascular diseases. Hyperglycemia induces endothelial dysfunction, increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Platelet-derived growth factor C stimulates angiogenesis and revascularization in ischemic tissues of diabetic mice and promotes the migration of progenitors and mature ECs to injury sites; however, the molecular mechanisms of its actions are not described yet. Here, we evaluated the effect of PDGF-C on oxidative stress induced by HG. Human aortic endothelial cells were grown in glucose concentrations ranging from 5 mmol/L to 35 mmol/L for 1 to 24 h. Treatment with 50 ng/mL PDGF-C was done for 1 to 3 h. Cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS were measured by fluorometry, and the expression of antioxidant enzymes was evaluated by Western blot. Nrf2 and Keap1 expression was assessed by real-time PCR. High glucose induced mitochondrial ROS production. PDGF-C diminished the oxidative stress induced by high glucose, increasing SOD2 expression and SOD activity, and modulating the Keap1 expression gene. These results give new evidence about the mitochondrial antioxidant effect that PDGF-C could exert on endothelial cells exposed to high glucose and its considerable role as a therapeutic target in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Grismaldo Rodríguez
- Experimental and Computational Biochemistry Group, Faculty of Sciences, Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (J.A.Z.R.); (C.V.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.R.); (L.M.Á.); Tel.: +57-3114566976 (A.G.R.); +57-3132107272 (L.M.Á.)
| | - Jairo A. Zamudio Rodríguez
- Experimental and Computational Biochemistry Group, Faculty of Sciences, Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (J.A.Z.R.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Cindy V. Mendieta
- Experimental and Computational Biochemistry Group, Faculty of Sciences, Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (J.A.Z.R.); (C.V.M.)
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Sandra Quijano Gómez
- Immunology and Cell Biology Group, Faculty of Sciences, Microbiology Department, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
| | - Sandra Sanabria Barrera
- Traslational Biomedical Research Group, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca 680004, Colombia;
| | - Ludis Morales Álvarez
- Experimental and Computational Biochemistry Group, Faculty of Sciences, Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (J.A.Z.R.); (C.V.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.R.); (L.M.Á.); Tel.: +57-3114566976 (A.G.R.); +57-3132107272 (L.M.Á.)
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Tian Y, Zhan Y, Jiang Q, Lu W, Li X. Expression and function of PDGF-C in development and stem cells. Open Biol 2021; 11:210268. [PMID: 34847773 PMCID: PMC8633783 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGF-C) is a relatively new member of the PDGF family, discovered nearly 20 years after the finding of platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGF-A) and platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B). PDGF-C is generally expressed in most organs and cell types. Studies from the past 20 years have demonstrated critical roles of PDGF-C in numerous biological, physiological and pathological processes, such as development, angiogenesis, tumour growth, tissue remodelling, wound healing, atherosclerosis, fibrosis, stem/progenitor cell regulation and metabolism. Understanding PDGF-C expression and activities thus will be of great importance to various research disciplines. In this review, however, we mainly discuss the expression and functions of PDGF-C and its receptors in development and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Ophthalmic Department, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weisi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
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Recovery of Altered Diabetic Myofibroblast Heterogeneity and Gene Expression Are Associated with CD301b+ Macrophages. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121752. [PMID: 34944568 PMCID: PMC8698992 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wound healing is associated with impaired function and reduced numbers of myofibroblasts, a heterogeneous cell population with varying capacities to promote repair. To determine how diabetes alters myofibroblast composition, we performed flow cytometry and spatial tissue analysis of myofibroblast subsets throughout the healing process in diabetic (db/db) and control (db/+) mouse skin. We observed reduced numbers of profibrotic SCA1+; CD34+; CD26+ myofibroblasts in diabetic wounds five days after injury, with decreased expression of fibrosis-associated genes compared to myofibroblasts from db/+ mouse wounds. While the abundance of myofibroblasts remained reduced in db/db mouse wounds compared to controls, the altered myofibroblast heterogeneity and gene expression in diabetic mice was improved seven days after injury. The natural correction of myofibroblast composition and gene expression in db/db wound beds temporally corresponds with a macrophage phenotypic switch. Correlation analysis from individual wound beds revealed that wound healing in control mice is associated with CD206+ macrophages, while the rescued myofibroblast phenotypes in diabetic wounds are correlated with increased CD301b+ macrophage numbers. These data demonstrate how diabetes impacts specific subsets of myofibroblasts and indicate that signaling capable of rescuing impaired diabetic wound healing could be different from signals that regulate wound healing under nonpathological conditions.
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Tarantul VZ, Gavrilenko AV. Gene therapy for critical limb ischemia: Per aspera ad astra. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 22:214-227. [PMID: 34254916 DOI: 10.2174/1566523221666210712185742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral artery diseases remain a serious public health problem. Although there are many traditional methods for their treatment using conservative therapeutic techniques and surgery, gene therapy is an alternative and potentially more effective treatment option especially for "no option" patients. This review treats the results of many years of research and application of gene therapy as an example of treatment of patients with critical limb ischemia. Data on successful and unsuccessful attempts to use this technology for treating this disease are presented. Trends in changing the paradigm of approaches to therapeutic angiogenesis are noted: from viral vectors to non-viral vectors, from gene transfer to the whole organism to targeted transfer to cells and tissues, from single gene use to combination of genes; from DNA therapy to RNA therapy, from in vivo therapy to ex vivo therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav Z Tarantul
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of Molecular Genetics, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Gavrilenko
- A.V.¬ Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center for Surgery, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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12
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Mercier C, Rousseau M, Geraldes P. Growth Factor Deregulation and Emerging Role of Phosphatases in Diabetic Peripheral Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:619612. [PMID: 33490120 PMCID: PMC7817696 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.619612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease is caused by atherosclerosis of lower extremity arteries leading to the loss of blood perfusion and subsequent critical ischemia. The presence of diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor that greatly increases the incidence, the progression and the severity of the disease. In addition to accelerated disease progression, diabetic patients are also more susceptible to develop serious impairment of their walking abilities through an increased risk of lower limb amputation. Hyperglycemia is known to alter the physiological development of collateral arteries in response to ischemia. Deregulation in the production of several critical pro-angiogenic factors has been reported in diabetes along with vascular cell unresponsiveness in initiating angiogenic processes. Among the multiple molecular mechanisms involved in the angiogenic response, protein tyrosine phosphatases are potent regulators by dephosphorylating pro-angiogenic tyrosine kinase receptors. However, evidence has indicated that diabetes-induced deregulation of phosphatases contributes to the progression of several micro and macrovascular complications. This review provides an overview of growth factor alterations in the context of diabetes and peripheral artery disease, as well as a description of the role of phosphatases in the regulation of angiogenic pathways followed by an analysis of the effects of hyperglycemia on the modulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase expression and activity. Knowledge of the role of phosphatases in diabetic peripheral artery disease will help the development of future therapeutics to locally regulate phosphatases and improve angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Mercier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marina Rousseau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro Geraldes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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13
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Luo YF, Wan XX, Zhao LL, Guo Z, Shen RT, Zeng PY, Wang LH, Yuan JJ, Yang WJ, Yue C, Mo ZH. MicroRNA-139-5p upregulation is associated with diabetic endothelial cell dysfunction by targeting c-jun. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:1186-1211. [PMID: 33293476 PMCID: PMC7835005 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of endothelial cells (ECs) and their progenitor cells is an important feature of diabetic vascular disease. MicroRNA (miR)-139-5p is involved in inhibiting the metastasis and progression of diverse malignancies. However, the role of miR-139-5p in ECs still remains unclarified. Here we demonstrated that miR-139-5p expression was elevated in endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) isolated from patients with diabetes, ECs derived from the aorta of diabetic rodents, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured in high glucose media. MiR-139-5p mimics inhibited tube formation, migration, proliferation, and down-regulated expression of c-jun, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B, in ECFCs and HUVECs, respectively; moreover, miR-139-5p inhibitors reversed the tendency. Further, gain- and-loss function experiments and ChIP assay indicated that miR-139-5p regulate functions of ECFCs by targeting c-jun-VEGF/PDGF-B pathway. In vivo experiments (Matrigel plug assay and hindlimb ischemia model) showed that miR-139-5p downregulation further promoted ECFC-mediated angiogenesis and blood perfusion. In conclusion, diabetes-mediated high miR-139-5p expression inhibits the c-jun-VEGF/PDGF-B pathway, thus decreasing ECFCs migration, tube formation and proliferation, which subsequently reduces ECs survival. Therefore, miR-139-5p might be an important therapeutic target in the treatment of diabetic vasculopathy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Diabetic Foot Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin-Xing Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Diabetic Foot Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li-Ling Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Diabetic Foot Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Diabetic Foot Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rui-Ting Shen
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ping-Yu Zeng
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ling-Hao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Diabetic Foot Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Diabetic Foot Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen-Jun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Diabetic Foot Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chun Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Diabetic Foot Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Mo
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Diabetic Foot Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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14
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Genome Wide Epistasis Study of On-Statin Cardiovascular Events with Iterative Feature Reduction and Selection. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040212. [PMID: 33171725 PMCID: PMC7712544 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is an evidence-based practice that incorporates lifestyle, history, and other risk factors. Statins reduce risk for MACE by decreasing lipids, but it is difficult to stratify risk following initiation of a statin. Genetic risk determinants for on-statin MACE are low-effect size and impossible to generalize. Our objective was to determine high-level epistatic risk factors for on-statin MACE with GWAS-scale data. Controlled-access data for 5890 subjects taking a statin collected from Vanderbilt University Medical Center's BioVU were obtained from dbGaP. We used Random Forest Iterative Feature Reduction and Selection (RF-IFRS) to select highly informative genetic and environmental features from a GWAS-scale dataset of patients taking statin medications. Variant-pairs were distilled into overlapping networks and assembled into individual decision trees to provide an interpretable set of variants and associated risk. 1718 cases who suffered MACE and 4172 controls were obtained from dbGaP. Pathway analysis showed that variants in genes related to vasculogenesis (FDR = 0.024), angiogenesis (FDR = 0.019), and carotid artery disease (FDR = 0.034) were related to risk for on-statin MACE. We identified six gene-variant networks that predicted odds of on-statin MACE. The most elevated risk was found in a small subset of patients carrying variants in COL4A2, TMEM178B, SZT2, and TBXAS1 (OR = 4.53, p < 0.001). The RF-IFRS method is a viable method for interpreting complex "black-box" findings from machine-learning. In this study, it identified epistatic networks that could be applied to risk estimation for on-statin MACE. Further study will seek to replicate these findings in other populations.
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15
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Huang G, Lin Y, Fang M, Lin D. Protective effects of icariin on dorsal random skin flap survival: An experimental study. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 861:172600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Rajendran S, Shen X, Glawe J, Kolluru GK, Kevil CG. Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Regulation of Ischemic Vascular Growth and Remodeling. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:1213-1247. [PMID: 31187898 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic vascular remodeling occurs in response to stenosis or arterial occlusion leading to a change in blood flow and tissue perfusion. Altered blood flow elicits a cascade of molecular and cellular physiological responses leading to vascular remodeling of the macro- and micro-circulation. Although cellular mechanisms of vascular remodeling such as arteriogenesis and angiogenesis have been studied, therapeutic approaches in these areas have had limited success due to the complexity and heterogeneous constellation of molecular signaling events regulating these processes. Understanding central molecular players of vascular remodeling should lead to a deeper understanding of this response and aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) and nitric oxide (NO) are gaseous signaling molecules that are critically involved in regulating fundamental biochemical and molecular responses necessary for vascular growth and remodeling. This review examines how NO and H2 S regulate pathophysiological mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, along with important chemical and experimental considerations revealed thus far. The importance of NO and H2 S bioavailability, their synthesis enzymes and cofactors, and genetic variations associated with cardiovascular risk factors suggest that they serve as pivotal regulators of vascular remodeling responses. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:1213-1247, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinggui Shen
- Departments of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport
| | - John Glawe
- Departments of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport
| | - Gopi K Kolluru
- Departments of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Departments of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport.,Departments of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport.,Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport
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17
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Zheng L, Zhao C, Du Y, Lin X, Jiang Y, Lee C, Tian G, Mi J, Li X, Chen Q, Ye Z, Huang L, Wang S, Ren X, Xing L, Chen W, Huang D, Gao Z, Zhang S, Lu W, Tang Z, Wang B, Ju R, Li X. PDGF-CC underlies resistance to VEGF-A inhibition and combinatorial targeting of both suppresses pathological angiogenesis more efficiently. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77902-77915. [PMID: 27788490 PMCID: PMC5363630 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-VEGF-A therapy has proven to be effective for many neovascular diseases. However, drug resistance to anti-VEGF-A treatment can develop. Also, not all patients with neovascular diseases are responsive to anti-VEGF-A treatment. The mechanisms underlying these important issues remain unclear. In this study, using different model systems, we found that inhibition of VEGF-A directly upregulated PDGF-CC and its receptors in multiple cell types in pathological angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, we further revealed that combinatorial targeting of VEGF-A and PDGF-CC suppressed pathological angiogenesis more efficiently than monotherapy. Given the potent angiogenic activity of PDGF-CC, our findings suggest that the development of resistance to anti-VEGF-A treatment may be caused by the compensatory upregulation of PDGF-CC, and combined inhibition of VEGF-A and PDGF-CC may have therapeutic advantages in treating neovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xianchai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yida Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Chunsik Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Geng Tian
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P. R. China
| | - Jia Mi
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P. R. China
| | - Xianglin Li
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P. R. China
| | - Qishan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xiangrong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Liying Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Delong Huang
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqin Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 P. R. China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P. R. China
| | - Weisi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Zhongshu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Medical Imaging Institute, Shandong Province Characteristical Key Subject, Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003 P. R. China
| | - Rong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xuri Li
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
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18
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Zhao X, Chen H, Xiao D, Yang H, Itzhaki I, Qin X, Chour T, Aguirre A, Lehmann K, Kim Y, Shukla P, Holmström A, Zhang JZ, Zhuge Y, Ndoye BC, Zhao M, Neofytou E, Zimmermann WH, Jain M, Wu JC. Comparison of Non-human Primate versus Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Treatment of Myocardial Infarction. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:422-435. [PMID: 29398480 PMCID: PMC5830958 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) can serve as a human-like model to study cell therapy using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). However, whether the efficacy of NHP and human iPSC-CMs is mechanistically similar remains unknown. To examine this, RNU rats received intramyocardial injection of 1 × 107 NHP or human iPSC-CMs or the same number of respective fibroblasts or PBS control (n = 9-14/group) at 4 days after 60-min coronary artery occlusion-reperfusion. Cardiac function and left ventricular remodeling were similarly improved in both iPSC-CM-treated groups. To mimic the ischemic environment in the infarcted heart, both cultured NHP and human iPSC-CMs underwent 24-hr hypoxia in vitro. Both cells and media were collected, and similarities in transcriptomic as well as metabolomic profiles were noted between both groups. In conclusion, both NHP and human iPSC-CMs confer similar cardioprotection in a rodent myocardial infarction model through relatively similar mechanisms via promotion of cell survival, angiogenesis, and inhibition of hypertrophy and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Haodong Chen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dan Xiao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ilanit Itzhaki
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xulei Qin
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tony Chour
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kim Lehmann
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Youngkyun Kim
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Praveen Shukla
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexandra Holmström
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joe Z Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yan Zhuge
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Babacar C Ndoye
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mingtao Zhao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Evgenios Neofytou
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mohit Jain
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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19
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Lewis FC, Cottle BJ, Shone V, Marazzi G, Sassoon D, Tseng CCS, Dankers PYW, Chamuleau SAJ, Nadal-Ginard B, Ellison-Hughes GM. Transplantation of Allogeneic PW1 pos/Pax7 neg Interstitial Cells Enhance Endogenous Repair of Injured Porcine Skeletal Muscle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2:717-736. [PMID: 30062184 PMCID: PMC6059014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic PICs express and secrete an array of pro-regenerative paracrine factors that stimulate a regenerative response in a preclinical muscle injury model applicable to humans. Paracrine factors secreted by allogeneic PICs stimulate endogenous progenitor cell activation and differentiation, leading to accelerated and improved myofiber regeneration and microvessel formation. Allogeneic PICs survive long enough to exert their action before being cleared by the host immune system. Therefore, the cells transplanted are allogeneic but the regeneration is completely autologous. Administration of HGF and IGF-1 improves skeletal muscle regeneration, but not to the same extent as PIC transplantation.
Skeletal muscle-derived PW1pos/Pax7neg interstitial cells (PICs) express and secrete a multitude of proregenerative growth factors and cytokines. Utilizing a porcine preclinical skeletal muscle injury model, delivery of allogeneic porcine PICs (pPICs) significantly improved and accelerated myofiber regeneration and neocapillarization, compared with saline vehicle control-treated muscles. Allogeneic pPICs did not contribute to new myofibers or capillaries and were eliminated by the host immune system. In conclusion, allogeneic pPIC transplantation stimulated the endogenous stem cell pool to bring about enhanced autologous skeletal muscle repair and regeneration. This allogeneic cell approach is considered a cost-effective, easy to apply, and readily available regenerative therapeutic strategy.
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Key Words
- BrdU, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine
- CM, pPIC conditioned medium
- CSA, cross sectional area
- CSC, cardiac stem cell
- CTRL, control
- CTX, cardiotoxin
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle's medium
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GFPpPIC, GFP-positive porcine PW1pos/Pax7neg interstitial cell
- GM, growth medium
- HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell
- HVG, hematoxylin and van Gieson
- ICM, heat-inactivated conditioned medium
- IV, intravenous
- MHC, myosin heavy chain
- MI, myocardial infarction
- P, passage
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PIC, PW1pos/Pax7neg interstitial cell
- PICs
- TA, tibialis anterior
- UM, unconditioned medium
- allogeneic progenitor cells
- growth factors
- nMHC, neonatal myosin heavy chain
- pPIC, porcine PW1pos/Pax7neg interstitial cell
- porcine preclinical model
- qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- regeneration
- skeletal muscle
- vWF, Von Willebrand factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Lewis
- School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Centre of Human & Aerospace Physiological Sciences & Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beverley J Cottle
- School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Centre of Human & Aerospace Physiological Sciences & Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Shone
- School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Centre of Human & Aerospace Physiological Sciences & Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Marazzi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine UMRS 1166, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Université de Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - David Sassoon
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine UMRS 1166, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Université de Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Cheyenne C S Tseng
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y W Dankers
- Supramolecular Biomaterials for Translational Biomedical Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Steven A J Chamuleau
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bernardo Nadal-Ginard
- School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Centre of Human & Aerospace Physiological Sciences & Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina M Ellison-Hughes
- School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Centre of Human & Aerospace Physiological Sciences & Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Discovery of High-Affinity PDGF-VEGFR Interactions: Redefining RTK Dynamics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16439. [PMID: 29180757 PMCID: PMC5704011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly all studies of angiogenesis have focused on uni-family ligand-receptor binding, e.g., VEGFs bind to VEGF receptors, PDGFs bind to PDGF receptors, etc. The discovery of VEGF-PDGFRs binding challenges this paradigm and calls for investigation of other ligand-receptor binding possibilities. We utilized surface plasmon resonance to identify and measure PDGF-to-VEGFR binding rates, establishing cut-offs for binding and non-binding interactions. We quantified the kinetics of the recent VEGF-A:PDGFRβ interaction for the first time with KD = 340 pM. We discovered new PDGF:VEGFR2 interactions with PDGF-AA:R2 KD = 530 nM, PDGF-AB:R2 KD = 110 pM, PDGF-BB:R2 KD = 40 nM, and PDGF-CC:R2 KD = 70 pM. We computationally predict that cross-family PDGF binding could contribute up to 96% of VEGFR2 ligation in healthy conditions and in cancer. Together the identification, quantification, and simulation of these novel cross-family interactions posits new mechanisms for understanding anti-angiogenic drug resistance and presents an expanded role of growth factor signaling with significance in health and disease.
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21
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Nirwana I, Rachmadi P, Rianti D. Potential of pomegranate fruit extract ( Punica granatum Linn.) to increase vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor expressions on the post-tooth extraction wound of Cavia cobaya. Vet World 2017; 10:999-1003. [PMID: 28919696 PMCID: PMC5591492 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.999-1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pomegranates fruit extracts have several activities, among others, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidants that have the main content punicalagin and ellagic acid. Pomegranate has the ability of various therapies through different mechanisms. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) function was to form new blood vessels produced by various cells one of them was macrophages. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was a growth factor proven chemotactic, increased fibroblast proliferation and collagen matrix production. In addition, VEGF and PDGF synergize in their ability to vascularize tissues. The PDGF function was to stabilize and regulate maturation of new blood vessels. Activities of pomegranate fruit extract were observed by measuring the increased of VEGF and PDGF expression as a marker of wound healing process. AIM To investigate the potential of pomegranate extracts on the tooth extraction wound to increase the expression of VEGF and PDGF on the 4th day of wound healing process. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study used 12 Cavia cobaya, which were divided into two groups, namely, the provision of 3% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and pomegranate extract. The 12 C. cobaya would be executed on the 4th day, the lower jaw of experimental animals was taken, decalcified about 30 days. The expression of VEGF and PDGF was examined using immunohistochemical techniques. The differences of VEGF and PDGF expression were evaluated statistically using t-test. RESULTS Statistically analysis showed that there were significant differences between control and treatment groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Pomegranate fruit extract administration increased VEGF and PDGF expression on post-tooth extraction wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intan Nirwana
- Department of Dental Material, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo No 47 Surabaya, Jawa Timur, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Priyawan Rachmadi
- Department of Dental Material, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo No 47 Surabaya, Jawa Timur, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Devi Rianti
- Department of Dental Material, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo No 47 Surabaya, Jawa Timur, 60132, Indonesia
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22
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Chen L, Okeke E, Ayalew D, Wang D, Shahid L, Dokun AO. Modulation of miR29a improves impaired post-ischemic angiogenesis in hyperglycemia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017. [PMID: 28637396 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217716424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with diabetes mellitus suffer from impaired angiogenesis and this contributes to poorer peripheral arterial disease outcomes. In experimental peripheral arterial disease, angiogenesis and perfusion recovery are impaired in mice with diabetes. We recently showed that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 12 (ADAM12) is upregulated in ischemic endothelial cells and plays a key role in post-ischemic angiogenesis and perfusion recovery following experimental peripheral arterial disease. Here we investigated the role of miR29a in the regulation of endothelial cell ADAM12 expression in ischemia and how hyperglycemia negatively affects this regulation. We also explored whether modulating miR29a can improve impaired post-ischemic angiogenesis associated with hyperglycemia. Additionally, we tested whether miR29a modulation could improve post ischemic angiogenesis in the setting of impaired vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. We forced miR29a expression in ischemic endothelial cells and assessed ADAM12 expression. We also evaluated whether hyperglycemia in vivo and in vitro impair ischemia-induced ADAM12 upregulation and miR29a downregulation. Lastly, we determined whether modulating endothelial cell miR29a expression in ischemia and hyperglycemia could improve impaired endothelial cell functions. We found under ischemic conditions where ADAM12 is upregulated in endothelial cells, miR29a is downregulated. Forced expression of miR29a in ischemic endothelial cell prevented ADAM12 upregulation . In ischemic hind limbs of mice with type 1 diabetes and in endothelial cells exposed to simulated ischemia plus hyperglycemia, ADAM12 upregulation and miR29a downregulation were blunted while angiogenesis was impaired. Knocking down miR29a with an miR29a inhibitor was sufficient to improve ADAM12 upregulation and angiogenesis in simulated ischemia plus hyperglycemia. It was also sufficient to improve perfusion recovery in type 1 diabetes mellitus mice in vivo and angiogenesis in vitro even when vascular endothelial growth factor signaling was impaired with blocking antibodies. In conclusion, MiR29a regulates endothelial cell ADAM12 upregulation in ischemia and this is impaired in hyperglycemia. Modulating miR29a improves impaired post-ischemic angiogenesis associated with hyperglycemia. Impact statement Individuals with diabetes are more likely to develop peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and when PAD is present, in those with diabetes, it is more severe and there is currently no effective medical treatment for impaired blood flow which occurs in diabetics with PAD. The current work advances the field by providing an understanding of a molecular mechanism involved in impaired post ischemic angiogenesis in diabetes. It shows for the first time that failure to downregulate miR29a in ischemic diabetic tissues is a major contributing factor to poor perfusion recovery in experimental PAD, and miR29a is elevated in skeletal muscle samples from human diabetics compared with levels in those without diabetes. Knocking down the elevated miR29a in ischemic diabetic mouse hind limbs improved perfusion recovery following experimental PAD. This shows miR29a modulation as a novel therapeutic target for improving blood flow in diabetics with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdan Chen
- 1 Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22910, USA
| | - Emmanuel Okeke
- 2 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Dawit Ayalew
- 1 Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22910, USA
| | - Danny Wang
- 1 Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22910, USA
| | - Lyeba Shahid
- 1 Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22910, USA
| | - Ayotunde O Dokun
- 2 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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23
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Andrae J, Gouveia L, Gallini R, He L, Fredriksson L, Nilsson I, Johansson BR, Eriksson U, Betsholtz C. A role for PDGF-C/PDGFRα signaling in the formation of the meningeal basement membranes surrounding the cerebral cortex. Biol Open 2016; 5:461-74. [PMID: 26988758 PMCID: PMC4890675 DOI: 10.1242/bio.017368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C) is one of three known ligands for the tyrosine kinase receptor PDGFRα. Analysis ofPdgfcnull mice has demonstrated roles for PDGF-C in palate closure and the formation of cerebral ventricles, but redundancy with other PDGFRα ligands might obscure additional functions. In search of further developmental roles for PDGF-C, we generated mice that were double mutants forPdgfc(-/-)andPdgfra(GFP/+) These mice display a range of severe phenotypes including spina bifida, lung emphysema, abnormal meninges and neuronal over-migration in the cerebral cortex. We focused our analysis on the central nervous system (CNS), where PDGF-C was identified as a critical factor for the formation of meninges and assembly of the glia limitans basement membrane. We also present expression data onPdgfa,PdgfcandPdgfrain the cerebral cortex and microarray data on cerebral meninges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Andrae
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Leonor Gouveia
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Radiosa Gallini
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Linda Fredriksson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Bengt R Johansson
- The Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Ulf Eriksson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
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24
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Moriya J, Ferrara N. Inhibition of protein kinase C enhances angiogenesis induced by platelet-derived growth factor C in hyperglycemic endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:19. [PMID: 25849290 PMCID: PMC4334399 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases with impaired angiogenesis. We have previously shown that platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGF-C) and its receptor, PDGF receptor α (PDGFR-α) were downregulated in ischemic limbs of diabetic mice, although the underlying mechanisms remained elusive. Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine/threonine kinases and is known to be involved in angiogenesis. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the mechanisms of how PDGF-C/PDGFR-α axis is impaired in diabetes. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) cultured in normoglycemic or hyperglycemic conditions were examined. We also examined the effects of PKC inhibition on the PDGF-C/PDGFR-α axis in endothelial cells exposed to hyperglycemia. Results Hyperglycemia inhibited proliferation and decreased viability of both HUVECs and HMVECs. Hyperglycemic endothelial cells exhibited decreased PDGFR-α expression both at messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels, while there was no significant change in expression of PDGF-C. We also found that expression of PKC-α, one of the PKC isoforms, was increased in hyperglycemic endothelial cells and that inhibition of PKC upregulated PDGFR-α expression in these cells. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt induced by PDGF-C was significantly attenuated in hyperglycemic endothelial cells, whereas inhibition of PKC effectively reversed these inhibitory effects. Moreover, inhibition of PKC also promoted angiogenesis induced by PDGF-C in hyperglycemic endothelial cells, which was not observed in vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A)-induced angiogenesis. Conclusions These findings suggest that downregulation of the PDGF-C/PDGFR-α axis is involved in impaired angiogenesis of hyperglycemia through upregulation of PKC. Targeting PKC to restore PDGF-C signaling might be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of vascular complications in diabetes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-015-0180-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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25
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Vasoprotective effect of PDGF-CC mediated by HMOX1 rescues retinal degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:14806-11. [PMID: 25267616 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1404140111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood vessel degeneration is critically involved in nearly all types of degenerative diseases. Therefore strategies to enhance blood vessel protection and survival are highly needed. In this study, using different animal models and cultured cells, we show that PDGF-CC is a potent vascular protective and survival factor. PDGF-CC deficiency by genetic deletion exacerbated blood vessel regression/degeneration in various animal models. Importantly, treatment with PDGF-CC protein not only increased the survival of retinal blood vessels in a model of oxygen-induced blood vessel regression but also markedly rescued retinal and blood vessel degeneration in a disease model of retinitis pigmentosa. Mechanistically, we revealed that heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) activity is critically required for the vascular protective/survival effect of PDGF-CC, because blockade of HMOX1 completely abolished the protective effect of PDGF-CC in vitro and in vivo. We further found that both PDGF receptors, PDGFR-β and PDGFR-α, are required for the vasoprotective effect of PDGF-CC. Thus our data show that PDGF-CC plays a pivotal role in maintaining blood vessel survival and may be of therapeutic value in treating various types of degenerative diseases.
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26
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Dokun AO, Chen L, Lanjewar SS, Lye RJ, Annex BH. Glycaemic control improves perfusion recovery and VEGFR2 protein expression in diabetic mice following experimental PAD. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 101:364-72. [PMID: 24385342 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with poor clinical outcomes in humans with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and in pre-clinical models of PAD, but the effects of glycaemic control are poorly understood. We investigated the effect of glycaemic control on experimental PAD in mice with Type 1 DM and explored the effects of hyperglycaemia on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) expression in ischaemia. METHODS AND RESULTS Hind limb ischaemia was induced in non-diabetic, untreated Type 1 DM, and treated Type 1 DM mice. We assessed perfusion recovery, capillary density, VEGFR2 levels, and VEGFR2 ubiquitination in ischaemic hind limbs. We found that untreated Type 1 DM mice showed impaired perfusion recovery, lower hind limb capillary density 5 weeks post-ischaemia, and lower VEGFR2 protein in Day 3 post-ischaemic hind limbs when compared with non-DM controls. Treated Type 1 DM mice had perfusion recovery, capillary density, and VEGFR2 protein levels comparable with that of non-diabetic mice at the same time points. Treatment with anti-VEGFR2 antibody negated that the improved perfusion recovery displayed by treated Type 1 DM mice. In ischaemic Type 1 DM hind limbs and endothelial cells exposed to simulated ischaemia, high glucose impaired VEGFR2 expression and was associated with increased VEGFR2 ubiquitination. Inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome complex restored normal endothelial VEGFR2 expression in simulated ischaemia. CONCLUSION Hyperglycaemia in Type 1 DM impairs VEGFR2 protein expression in ischaemic hind limbs, likely due to increased ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome complex. Glycaemic control allows normal levels of VEGFR2 in ischaemia and improved perfusion recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayotunde O Dokun
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA
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27
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Das S, Singh G, Baker AB. Overcoming disease-induced growth factor resistance in therapeutic angiogenesis using recombinant co-receptors delivered by a liposomal system. Biomaterials 2013; 35:196-205. [PMID: 24138828 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment options for ischemia include percutaneous interventions, surgical bypass or pharmacological interventions aimed at slowing the progression of vascular disease. Unfortunately, while each of these treatment modalities provides some benefit for patients in the short-term, many patients have resistant or recurrent disease that is poorly managed by these therapies. A highly appealing strategy for treating ischemic disease is to stimulate the revascularization of the tissue to restore blood flow. While many techniques have been explored in this regard, clinically effective angiogenic therapies remain elusive. Here, we hypothesized that the presence of co-morbid disease states inherently alters the ability of the body to respond to angiogenic therapies. Using a mouse model of diabetes and obesity, we examined alterations in the major components for the signaling pathways for FGF-2, VEGF-A and PDGF under normal and high fat dietary conditions. In skeletal muscle, a high fat diet increased levels of growth factor receptors and co-receptors including syndecan-1, syndecan-4 and PDGFR-α in wild-type mice. These increases did not occur in Ob/Ob mice on a high fat diet and there was a significant decrease in protein levels for neuropilin-1 and heparanase in these mice. With the aim of increasing growth factor effectiveness in the context of disease, we examined whether local treatment with alginate gel-delivered FGF-2 and syndecan-4 proteoliposomes could overcome the growth factor resistance in these mice. This treatment enhanced the formation of new blood vessels in Ob/Ob mice by 6 fold in comparison to FGF-2 delivered alone. Our studies support that disease states cause a profound shift in growth factor signaling pathways and that co-receptor-based therapies have potential to overcome growth factor resistance in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhamoy Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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