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Pearson C, Piper M, Bhanja D, Zhou S, Burns AS. Career satisfaction in women surgeons: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Surg 2023; 226:616-622. [PMID: 37586896 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Career satisfaction among women surgeons have been well-reported in literature. This study provides a comprehensive review to understand career satisfaction and its contributory factors among female surgeons. METHODS PRISMA guidelines were utilized to extract studies for systematic review and meta-analysis. Outcomes assessed included surgical career satisfaction, career reconsideration, work-life balance, and gender bias and discrimination (GBD). Odds ratios were calculated comparing women to men for each outcome. RESULTS This study demonstrated that female surgeons were less likely to endorse overall career satisfaction (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.55-0.85) and work-life balance satisfaction (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40-0.92) compared to male surgeons. It also revealed that women surgeons were more likely to report workplace GBD (OR, 13.82; 95% CI, 4.37-43.65). CONCLUSIONS Future interventions may be necessary to increase career and work-life balance satisfaction among women surgeons while reconciling the need to ensure they are adequately informed of the obligations of a surgical career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Pearson
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Molly Piper
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Shouhao Zhou
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Amy S Burns
- Department of Urology, Penn State Health, Hershey, PA, USA
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Xun H, Stonko DP, Goldsborough E, Keegan A, Srinivas T, Bose S, McDermott KM, Weaver ML, Hicks CW. A 10-Year Analysis of Representation of Women in Patent Applications and NIH Funding in Vascular Surgery. Ann Vasc Surg 2023; 95:244-250. [PMID: 37037416 PMCID: PMC10523912 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an increasing focus on gender disparities in the medical field and in the field of vascular surgery specifically. We aimed to characterize gender representation in vascular surgery innovation over the past 10 years, using metrics of patents and National Institutes of Health (NIH) support. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of all vascular-related patent filings (Google Scholar) and NIH-funded grants (NIH RePORTER) over a 10-year period (January 1st, 2012, to December 31st, 2021). Gender-API (Application Programming Interface) was used to identify the gender of the inventors, with manual confirmation of a 10% random sample. Gender representation for patent inventors and grant principal investigators (PIs) were compared using Chi-squared and Student's t-tests as appropriate. Yearly temporal changes in representation were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and linear regression analyses. RESULTS We identified 2,992 unique vascular device patents with 6,093 associated inventors over 10 years. Women were underrepresented in patent authorship overall (11.5%), and were least likely to be listed as first inventor (8.9%) and most commonly fourth and fifth inventors (15.5% and 14.1%, respectively) compared to men. There was no significant change in representation of women inventors over time (-0.2% females per year, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.54 to 0.10). We identified 1736 total unique NIH grants, with 23.8% of funded projects having women PIs. There was an increase in the proportion of women PIs over time (+1.31% per year, 95% CI 0.784 to 1.855; P < 0.001). Projects with women PIs received mean total awards that were significantly lower than projects with men PIs ($350,485 ± $220,072 vs. $451,493 ± $411,040; P < 0.001), but the overall ratio of funding:women investigators improved over time (+$11,531 per year, 95% CI $6,167 to $16,895; P = 0.0011). CONCLUSIONS While we have made strides in increasing the number of women in the surgical research space, there is still room for improvement in funding parity. In addition, we found substantial and persistent room for improvement in representation of women in surgical innovation. As we enter a new frontier of surgery hallmarked by equalizing gender representation, these data should serve as a call-to-action for initiative aimed at rebuilding the foundation of surgical innovations upon equal gender representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Xun
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David P Stonko
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Alana Keegan
- Sinai Hospital, Baltimore, MD; Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tara Srinivas
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sanuja Bose
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - M Libby Weaver
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Caitlin W Hicks
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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Yin C, McAuliffe PB, Liao CD, Marquez JE, Monroig KG, Hanson OL, Shroyer ALW, Huston TL, Khan SU. Has the Increase of Women in Surgical Training Programs Led to a Concomitant Increase in Female Leadership Positions? A 10-Year Analysis. Ann Plast Surg 2023; 90:376-379. [PMID: 37093772 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000002807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women represent greater than 50% of medical students in America and are becoming increasingly well represented in surgical fields. However, parity at the trainee level has yet to be accomplished, and surgical leadership positions have remained disproportionately biased toward men. To date, there have been no comparisons on the progress within plastic surgery and other surgical specialties. This investigates the gender disparity in resident and leadership representation over the past 10 years within surgical specialties and how these disparities compare to plastic surgery. METHODS Counts of female and male residents and surgical society leaders were collected from 2008 to 2018. Surgical fields included plastic, vascular, urologic, neurologic, orthopedic, cardiothoracic, and general surgery. Leadership positions were defined as board seats on executive committees of major surgical societies or board associations. Data were acquired from publicly available sources or provided directly from the organizations. Resident data were obtained from the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education residents' reports. Individuals holding more than 1 leadership position within a year were counted only once. RESULTS In our aggregated analysis, the proportion of women in surgical leadership lags behind women in surgical residency training across all specialties (13.2% vs 27.3%, P < 0.01). General surgery had the highest proportion of female residents and leaders (35% and 18.8%, P < 0.01), followed by plastic (32.2% and 17.3%, P < 0.01), vascular (28.2% and 11.3%, P < 0.01), urologic (24.3% and 5.1%), and cardiothoracic surgery (20.5% and 7.8%, P < 0.01). Women in surgical leadership, however, increased at a faster rate than women in surgical training (11% vs 7%, P < 0.05). Plastic surgery showed the greatest rate of increase in both residents and leaders (17% and 19%, P < 0.05) followed by cardiothoracic surgery (16% and 9%, P < 0.05) and general surgery (8% and 14%, P < 0.05). For neurologic and orthopedic surgery, neither the difference in proportions between residents and leaders nor the yearly growth of these groups were significant. CONCLUSIONS Between 2008 and 2018, women in plastic surgery training and leadership positions have shown the most significant growth compared with other surgical subspecialties, demonstrating a strong concerted effort toward gender equality among surgical professions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Yin
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY
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Early Barriers to Career Progression of Women in Surgery and Solutions to Improve Them: A Systematic Scoping Review. Ann Surg 2022; 276:246-255. [PMID: 35797642 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to summarize the evidence concerning the barriers that exist to the career progression of women in surgery and to provide potential solutions to overcome these obstacles. BACKGROUND Visible and invisible impediments can hinder female doctors' pursuit of a surgical career, from choosing a surgical specialty to training opportunities and all the way through career progression. METHODS Database search of original studies about barriers for female surgeons during choice of surgical career, residency, and career progression. A query including possible solutions such as mentorship and network was included. RESULTS Of 4618 total articles; 4497 were excluded as duplicates, having incorrect study focus, or not being original studies; leaving 120 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Of the articles included, 22 (18%) focused on factors affecting the pursuit of a surgical career, such as surgical work hours and limited time for outside interests, 55 (46%) analyzed the main barriers that exist during surgical residency and fellowship training, such as discrimination and sexual harassment, 27 (23%) focused on barriers to career advancement, heavy workloads, ineffective mentorship, unclear expectations for advancement, inequality in pay or work-home conflicts. Among studies reporting on possible solutions, 8 (6.5%) articles reported on the role of effective mentorship to support career advancement and to provide moral support and 8 (6.5%) on the emerging role of social media for networking. Our analysis showed how different impediments hinder surgical career progression for women, with notable consequences on burnout and attrition. CONCLUSIONS Identification and recognition of obstacles to career progression is the first step to addressing the gender gap in surgery. Active strategies should be improved to promote a culture of diversity and to create equal opportunity for women in surgery, while implementing structured mentoring programs and investing on an adequate communication on social media to engage the future generations.
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Jackson TN, Wheeler TP, Truitt MS, Nelson P, Kempe K. Recruitment & Retainment of Vascular Surgeons: Prophylactic measures to improve the current workforce crisis. Ann Vasc Surg 2022; 85:219-227. [PMID: 35271962 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vascular surgery workforce is in jeopardy with current and increasing shortages. This study explores target populations for recruitment and aims to identify potential modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors associated with reduced job satisfaction among practicing vascular surgeons to improve retention and prevent early retirement. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional national survey of surgeons (n=1043) was conducted from September 2016 to May 2017. Data included demographic and occupational characteristics, as well as psychological, work-life balance, work-environment, and job-satisfaction variables. Surgeons were grouped into general surgery (n=507), obstetrics and gynecology (n=272), surgical subspecialties (n=212), and vascular surgery (n=52). Vascular surgeons were recategorized as more satisfied and less satisfied, and potential risk factors for job dissatisfaction were identified. RESULTS As compared with general surgeons, obstetrics and gynecology, as well as other surgical subspecialties, vascular surgery tended to be male-dominated with higher rates of non-white, minority groups (p<0.05). Less vascular surgery respondents were found in the Midwest (p<0.001). Vascular surgeons worked more hours on average than other surgical fields and were less satisfied with work (p<0.05). Potential job dissatisfaction risk factors among vascular surgeons include: unhealthy work-life balance, poor camaraderie/coworker dissatisfaction, insufficient hospital support, hostile hospital culture, discontent with supervision, minimal patient diversity, dissatisfaction with work in general, and unhappiness with career choice (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Recruiting new vascular surgery trainees while simultaneously preventing early retirement and attrition is critical to combatting the current workforce crisis. Potential interventions include (1) re-branding of the field with prioritization of work-life balance, (2) increasing hospital administration's support, (3) creating a collaborative work environment, and (4) facilitating personal accomplishment in work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa N Jackson
- University of Oklahoma Tulsa, Department of General Surgery, 1802 E. 19(th) St, Kravis Building, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States.
| | - Tiffany P Wheeler
- University of Oklahoma Tulsa, Department of General Surgery, 1802 E. 19th St, Kravis Building, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Michael S Truitt
- Methodist Dallas Medical Center, Department of Trauma Surgery, 1414 N. Beckley Ave, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Peter Nelson
- University of Oklahoma Tulsa, Department of Vascular Surgery, 1919 S. Wheeling Ave #600, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Kelly Kempe
- University of Oklahoma Tulsa, Department of Vascular Surgery, 1919 S. Wheeling Ave #600, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States
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Schizas D, Papapanou M, Routsi E, Mastoraki A, Lidoriki I, Zavras N, Avgerinos DV, Lazaris AM, Tsaroucha A. Career barriers for women in surgery. Surgeon 2022; 20:275-283. [PMID: 34996719 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing numbers of female medical students, surgery remains male-dominated. PURPOSE To highlight the principal career obstacles experienced by aspiring female surgeons. METHODS A narrative review of literature on the position and career barriers of female surgeons has been conducted, using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. MAIN FINDINGS Implicit and even explicit biases against female surgeons remain prevalent, negatively impacting their training performance and overall professional trajectory. Female surgeons are globally underrepresented in leadership positions and senior academic rankings, especially that of a full professor. They feel hampered by lack of effective mentorship, whose value for a successful career has been acknowledged by all medical students, surgeons and surgical leaders. Their work-life imbalance is sometimes expressed as lower likelihood than their male contemporaries of getting married or having children and may be attributed to their conventional association with the role of caretaker, their personal desire to accommodate occupational and family duties and the inadequate implementation of parental leave and childcare policies. Female surgeons' "infertility" may be further explained by direct and indirect pregnancy-related difficulties. Female surgeons are also financially undercompensated compared to their male contemporaries. Finally, specialty-specific challenges should not be overlooked. CONCLUSIONS While encouraging steps have been made, women in surgery feel still hindered by various obstacles. The qualitative, interview-based nature of current literature requires more meticulous studies on these barriers with a more quantitative and objective approach. Attenuation of gender imbalance in surgical specialties requires further changes in mentality and more targeted modifications in relevant policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Papapanou
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Eleni Routsi
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Mastoraki
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Lidoriki
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Zavras
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios V Avgerinos
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork Presbyterian, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andreas M Lazaris
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Tsaroucha
- Second Department of Surgery and Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Jackson TN, Wheeler TP, Truitt MS, Nelson PR, Kempe K. Recruitment of General Surgery Residents into Vascular Surgery. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2022; 79:165-172. [PMID: 34301522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular surgery fellowship applications among general surgery residents have declined. Given this steady downward trend in vascular applicants in conjunction with a predicted critical shortage of vascular surgeons, a call to action for increased recruitment is needed. To improve recruitment efforts, a subgroup analysis of general surgery residents was performed to explore factors that influence interest in vascular surgery. METHODS A cross-sectional national survey of residents (n = 467) was conducted from September 2016 to May 2017. In addition to collection of demographic and occupational characteristics, assessment of psychological, work-life balance, and job-satisfaction variables were obtained. Residents were grouped based on their interest in pursuing a fellowship. Chi-squared and Fisher's exact test was performed to determine significant variables. RESULTS Residents were grouped into "interest in non-vascular fellowship" (n = 350), "interest in vascular fellowship" (n = 21), and "not interested in fellowship" (n = 96). Significant variables between the groups included age, geographic location, residency size, and type of institution (p < 0.05). Those interested in vascular surgery tended to be older. Residents not interested in fellowship were more commonly located in the Midwest and at smaller, community residencies. No significant difference was found between mental wellness and work-life balance variables. Those residents interested in a vascular surgery fellowship were more dissatisfied with their current salary as compared to other residents (p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS There is a predicted critical shortage in the vascular surgery workforce making recruitment of the best and brightest residents into the specialty vital to its future. In order to invigorate and broaden our group of vascular surgeons, focused recruitment of younger, Midwest, general surgery residents at smaller, community programs may provide the most yield. Publicizing the strengths of a vascular surgery career including the diversity of patients, continuity of care, proficiency in technical skill, and higher monetary rewards should be emphasized in recruiting these target populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa N Jackson
- Department of General Surgery, University of Oklahoma Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Tiffany P Wheeler
- Department of General Surgery, University of Oklahoma Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Michael S Truitt
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Methodist Dallas Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Peter R Nelson
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Oklahoma Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Kelly Kempe
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Oklahoma Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
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Weaver ML, Sorber R, Cooper M. Fifteen-year trends in participation of women in presentation and leadership positions in the Southern Association for Vascular Surgery, 2006 to 2020. J Vasc Surg 2021; 75:774-782. [PMID: 34601047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The implementation of integrated vascular surgery training programs was recently shown to be associated with an increase in women entering the field. However, whether this has precipitated a subsequent increase in the active participation of women in academic vascular societies remains unclear. We sought to examine the trends of academic inclusion of women vascular surgeons and surgical trainees over the past 15 years at the Southern Association for Vascular Surgery (SAVS). METHODS Scientific programs for annual meetings of the SAVS, and program matriculation statistics from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, were reviewed for the period of 2006 to 2020. Yearly rates and 3-year averages of conference and society participation and vascular surgery training program matriculation rates were calculated and compared with proportion testing. Spearman correlation testing was used to compare trends, with ρ ≥0.600 defined as a strong correlation. RESULTS Examining 3-year means, the average number of women authors per SAVS abstract increased from 0.78 to 1.42 over the course of the study period (P < .001), and the overall rate of women authors steadily increased from 12.8% to 21.5% (P < .001). Although this remains less than the proportion of women matriculating into vascular surgery programs in 2019 (29.3%; P = .007), the upward trend of women entering vascular surgery overall, and particularly vascular surgery fellowship, strongly correlates with the average number of women authors on abstracts at SAVS (ρ = 0.709 and ρ = 0.737, respectively). The percentage of women presenting authors increased from 9.7% to 28.4% (P = .004), but there was no increase in the percentage of women senior authors (10.1% to 9.6%; P = .92). In the 15-year period, only one abstract of 347 (0.3%) had full authorship by women vs 35.1% with full authorship by men (P < .001). Although the increase of women matriculating into vascular surgery programs over the study period did not correlate with the increase of women in senior leadership positions (ρ < 0.600), there was an increase in the number of women in committee chair positions (0.0% to 25.9%; P = .005), which correlated strongly with increasing society membership (ρ = 0.716). Additionally, there was an increase in women holding executive council positions from 0% to 10.0% (P = .08), although this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Participation of women authoring and presenting papers at the SAVS has increased over the past 15 years at a rate that strongly correlates with the increasing rate of women entering vascular surgery training programs. It is important that society leadership opportunities continue to parallel this trend as we seek to further improve diversity in vascular surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Libby Weaver
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
| | - Rebecca Sorber
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md
| | - Michol Cooper
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla
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Silva FCS, Cerqueira MMBDF, Mercês MCD, Magella FMS, Ruivo BBC, von Rautenfeld M, Aras R. Demographic and professional profile of Brazilian women in vascular surgery: final results. J Vasc Bras 2021; 20:e20210062. [PMID: 34456986 PMCID: PMC8366404 DOI: 10.1590/1677-5449.210062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gender diversity in health teams is associated with better productivity. As women’s participation in surgery has been growing, it is important to improve knowledge about the elements that guide their professional development. Objectives The aim of this study was to outline the demographic and professional features of female vascular surgeons in Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study was designed, in which a questionnaire was made available online for 60 days. Invitations to participate were distributed by institutional e-mail sent from the Brazilian Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery (SBACV) to associate women surgeons. Results are presented as numbers and percentages. Odds ratios and chi-square tests were used for analysis. Results From a total of 810 invitations sent out, 281 questionnaires were completed. The most prevalent age groups were 25-35 years (n = 115) and 36-45 years (n = 114). Among those who worked exclusively in the private sector, 79.8% had at least one board certification (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.65-0.89; p = 0.001). Regarding workload distribution, 64.4% and 34.2% reported that they spend more time in the clinic and hospital, respectively. Respondents with more years of experience reported a predominance of office practice (p = 0.002). Although 67.3% (n = 189) had published scientific papers, 68% (n = 191) had never held leadership roles. Conclusions The study respondents consisted of highly qualified women surgeons with respect to training, certification, and scientific engagement, but they remain underrepresented in professional management positions. Surgical societies and health institutions should act to promote inclusive and diverse leadership.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roque Aras
- Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brasil
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Dos Reis JMC, Dos Santos DR, Torres IO, De Luccia N. Vascular surgery in the most populous state in the Amazon: socio-professional profile and aspirations of the specialty. J Vasc Bras 2021; 20:e20210039. [PMID: 34211546 PMCID: PMC8218823 DOI: 10.1590/1677-5449.210039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a dearth of studies conducted to understand the socio-professional profile of the vascular surgery specialty and the population demands of specific regions, which are needed to support creation of care policies and direct infrastructure improvements in healthcare. Objectives The purpose of this study was to describe the socio-professional profile of vascular surgeons in the state of Pará, Brazil, to guide creation of tools for professional improvement. Methods A cross-sectional, self-report survey was conducted in Pará using a questionnaire comprising 30 questions covering six main topics. Results All vascular surgeons actively practicing in the state participated in this study. The total number of specialists was 59, with 71.2% working in the greater Belém area and 16.9% exclusively practicing in the interior of the state. The mean age of these professionals was 48 ± 11.1 years, 86.4% of respondents were men, 64.4% of surgeons had completed medical residency, and 96.6% (n=57) of the surgeons would like to improve their skills in venous surgery, echo-guided vascular access, and endovascular surgery. The method of professional improvement of greatest interest was simulation courses (hands-on), endorsed by 93% of the participants. Conclusions Pará has 59 vascular surgeons. These professionals mainly work in the greater Belém (71.2%), in hospitals (100%) or in private clinics or offices (94.9%), performing a wide range of procedures, including venous and arterial surgery, amputations, and provision of hemodialysis access. More than 90% of these surgeons were satisfied professionally and reported that they would choose the specialty again. However, 22% had a pessimistic view of the specialty's future. The vast majority of professionals (96.6%) consider that training or a continuing education program are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Maciel Caldas Dos Reis
- Universidade do Estado do Pará - UEPA, Belém, PA, Brasil.,Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia - UNIFAMAZ, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | | | - Inez Ohashi Torres
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Nelson De Luccia
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Sexual Harassment in Vascular Surgery Training Programs. Ann Vasc Surg 2020; 62:92-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Analysis of Gender-based Differences in Surgery Faculty Compensation, Promotion, and Retention. Ann Surg 2018; 268:479-487. [DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Silva FCS, Cerqueira MMBDF, Ruivo BBC, von Rautenfeld M. Women in vascular surgery: a brief analysis of the Brazilian profile. J Vasc Bras 2018; 17:128-135. [PMID: 30377422 PMCID: PMC6205712 DOI: 10.1590/1677-5449.011317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a striking increase in female participation in the Brazilian and worldwide medical contingent, but the number of female surgeons does not follow the same trend. In addition to quantitative analysis, there is a need for further study of the determinants of choice of surgical specialty and the characteristics of professional practice. OBJECTIVES To outline the profile of female vascular surgeons in Brazil in terms of demographic characteristics, qualifications, scientific engagement, and labor market integration. METHODS A survey was made available online for 30 days and its link was widely circulated among female vascular surgeons. At the end of data collection, 101 valid questionnaires had been returned and their data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets for simple descriptive analysis. RESULTS The profile traced was of women aged up to 45 years who have been working in the area for up to 10 years. They were predominantly trained in medical residencies or internships recognized by the specialty board. Venous surgery, Esthetic Phlebology and Vascular Ultrasound were the major fields of activity for female vascular surgeons. Although they hold degrees and author scientific publications, the proportion of leadership positions held by women remains low. More than 64% of the participants reported feeling undervalued because they were women. CONCLUSIONS Despite the limitations of the study population, this preliminary study confirms the idea that female vascular surgeons demonstrate continuous dedication to practicing their specialty and sets a precedent so that further studies can investigate the professional practice of female vascular surgeons in greater detail, stimulating discussion of gender inequalities in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monique Magnavita Borba da Fonseca Cerqueira
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia – SESAB, Departamento de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia da Bahia, Departamento de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
| | | | - Marita von Rautenfeld
- Hospital São Camilo-Santana – HSC, Departamento de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
- Hospital Dia Rede Hora Certa-Penha, Departamento de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
- Samar Serviços Médicos – SAMAR, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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