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Hossain SS, Johnson MJ, Hughes TJR. A parametric study of the effect of 3D plaque shape on local hemodynamics and implications for plaque instability. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:1209-1227. [PMID: 38532042 PMCID: PMC11341608 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-024-01834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The vast majority of heart attacks occur when vulnerable plaques rupture, releasing their lipid content into the blood stream leading to thrombus formation and blockage of a coronary artery. Detection of these unstable plaques before they rupture remains a challenge. Hemodynamic features including wall shear stress (WSS) and wall shear stress gradient (WSSG) near the vulnerable plaque and local inflammation are known to affect plaque instability. In this work, a computational workflow has been developed to enable a comprehensive parametric study detailing the effects of 3D plaque shape on local hemodynamics and their implications for plaque instability. Parameterized geometric 3D plaque models are created within a patient-specific coronary artery tree using a NURBS (non-uniform rational B-splines)-based vascular modeling pipeline. Realistic blood flow features are simulated by using a Navier-Stokes solver within an isogeometric finite-element analysis framework. Near wall hemodynamic quantities such as WSS and WSSG are quantified, and vascular distribution of an inflammatory marker (VCAM-1) is estimated. Results show that proximally skewed eccentric plaques have the most vulnerable combination of high WSS and high positive spatial WSSG, and the presence of multiple lesions increases risk of rupture. The computational tool developed in this work, in conjunction with clinical data, -could help identify surrogate markers of plaque instability, potentially leading to a noninvasive clinical procedure for the detection of vulnerable plaques before rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolie S Hossain
- Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratories, The Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 201 E. 24th St, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Michael J Johnson
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 201 E. 24th St, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Thomas J R Hughes
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 201 E. 24th St, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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2
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West HW, Dangas K, Antoniades C. Advances in Clinical Imaging of Vascular Inflammation: A State-of-the-Art Review. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:710-732. [PMID: 38984055 PMCID: PMC11228120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Vascular inflammation is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, particularly atherosclerotic disease, and early detection of vascular inflammation may be key to the ultimate reduction of residual cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This review paper discusses the progress toward the clinical utility of noninvasive imaging techniques for assessing vascular inflammation, with a focus on coronary atherosclerosis. A discussion of multiple modalities is included: computed tomography (CT) imaging (the major focus of the review), cardiac magnetic resonance, ultrasound, and positron emission tomography imaging. The review covers recent progress in new technologies such as the novel CT biomarkers of coronary inflammation (eg, the perivascular fat attenuation index), new inflammation-specific tracers for positron emission tomography-CT imaging, and others. The strengths and limitations of each modality are explored, highlighting the potential for multi-modality imaging and the use of artificial intelligence image interpretation to improve both diagnostic and prognostic potential for common conditions such as coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W West
- Acute Multidisciplinary Imaging and Interventional Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katerina Dangas
- Acute Multidisciplinary Imaging and Interventional Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Acute Multidisciplinary Imaging and Interventional Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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3
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French S, Arias J, Bolakale-Rufai I, Zahra S, Rubab Khakwani KZ, Bedrick EJ, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Reiman E, Weinkauf C. Serum detection of blood brain barrier injury in subjects with a history of stroke and transient ischemic attack. JVS Vasc Sci 2024; 5:100206. [PMID: 38873494 PMCID: PMC11170223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2024.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Stroke and transient ischemic attack may have long-term negative effects on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and promote endothelial inflammation, both of which could increase neurodegeneration and dementia risk beyond the cell death associated with the index event. Methods Serum from 88 postmortem subjects in the Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders were analyzed by sandwich ELISA for specific biomarkers to investigate the effects of cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) on BBB integrity and endothelial activation. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U Test, Spearman rank correlation, and linear/logistic regressions adjusted for potential confounders; a P-value < .05 was considered significant for all analyses. Results Serum PDGFRẞ, a putative biomarker of BBB injury, was significantly increased in subjects with vs without a history of CVA who had similar cardiovascular risk factors (P < .01). This difference was stable after adjusting for age, hypertension, and other potential confounders in regression analysis (odds ratio, 27.02; 95% confidence interval, 2.61-411.7; P < .01). In addition, PDGFRẞ was positively associated with VCAM-1, a biomarker of endothelial inflammation (ρ = 0.42; P < .01). Conclusions Our data suggest that patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack have lasting changes in the BBB. Still more, this demonstrates the utility of PDGFRẞ as a serum-based biomarker of BBB physiology, a potentially powerful tool in studying the role of the BBB in various neurodegenerative diseases and COVID infection sequelae. Clinical Relevance Our data demonstrate the utility of serum PDGFRẞ, a putative biomarker of BBB integrity in the setting of stroke and TIA (CVA). A serum biomarker of BBB integrity could be a useful tool to detect early BBB damage and allow prospective work to study how such damage affects long-term neurodegenerative risk. Since BBB disruption occurs early in ADRD development, it could be monitored to help better understand disease progression and involvement of vascular pathways in ADRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott French
- The Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Arizona, and Sarver Heart Center, Tucson, AZ
| | - Juan Arias
- The Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Arizona, and Sarver Heart Center, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - Summan Zahra
- The Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Arizona, and Sarver Heart Center, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - Edward J. Bedrick
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ
| | | | | | - Eric Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, University of Arizona, Arizona State University, Translational Genomics Research Institute, and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Craig Weinkauf
- The Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Arizona, and Sarver Heart Center, Tucson, AZ
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4
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Liu B, Su L, Loo SJ, Gao Y, Khin E, Kong X, Dalan R, Su X, Lee KO, Ma J, Ye L. Matrix metallopeptidase 9 contributes to the beginning of plaque and is a potential biomarker for the early identification of atherosclerosis in asymptomatic patients with diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1369369. [PMID: 38660518 PMCID: PMC11039961 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1369369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims To determine the roles of matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP9) on human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs) in vitro, early beginning of atherosclerosis in vivo in diabetic mice, and drug naïve patients with diabetes. Methods Active human MMP9 (act-hMMP9) was added to HCASMCs and the expressions of MCP-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 were measured. Act-hMMP9 (n=16) or placebo (n=15) was administered to diabetic KK.Cg-Ay/J (KK) mice. Carotid artery inflammation and atherosclerosis measurements were made at 2 and 10 weeks after treatment. An observational study of newly diagnosed drug naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM n=234) and healthy matched controls (n=41) was performed and patients had ultrasound of carotid arteries and some had coronary computed tomography angiogram for the assessment of atherosclerosis. Serum MMP9 was measured and its correlation with carotid artery or coronary artery plaques was determined. Results In vitro, act-hMMP9 increased gene and protein expressions of MCP-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and enhanced macrophage adhesion. Exogenous act-hMMP9 increased inflammation and initiated atherosclerosis in KK mice at 2 and 10 weeks: increased vessel wall thickness, lipid accumulation, and Galectin-3+ macrophage infiltration into the carotid arteries. In newly diagnosed T2DM patients, serum MMP9 correlated with carotid artery plaque size with a possible threshold cutoff point. In addition, serum MMP9 correlated with number of mixed plaques and grade of lumen stenosis in coronary arteries of patients with drug naïve T2DM. Conclusion MMP9 may contribute to the initiation of atherosclerosis and may be a potential biomarker for the early identification of atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04424706.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingli Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Su
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sze Jie Loo
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Gao
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ester Khin
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaocen Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaofei Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kok-Onn Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianhua Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Ye
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Castro R, Adair JH, Mastro AM, Neuberger T, Matters GL. VCAM-1-targeted nanoparticles to diagnose, monitor and treat atherosclerosis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:723-735. [PMID: 38420919 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) was identified over 2 decades ago as an endothelial adhesion receptor involved in leukocyte recruitment and cell-based immune responses. In atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the blood vessels that is the leading cause of death in the USA, endothelial VCAM-1 is robustly expressed beginning in the early stages of the disease. The interactions of circulating immune cells with VCAM-1 on the activated endothelial cell surface promote the uptake of monocytes and the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in susceptible vessels. Herein, we review the role of VCAM-1 in atherosclerosis and the use of VCAM-1 binding peptides, antibodies and aptamers as targeting agents for nanoplatforms for early detection and treatment of atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Castro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - James H Adair
- Department of Materials Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | | | - Thomas Neuberger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of The Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Gail L Matters
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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6
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Graham SM, Nance RM, Chen J, Wurfel MM, Hunt PW, Heckbert SR, Budoff MJ, Moore RD, Jacobson JM, Martin JN, Crane HM, López JA, Liles WC. Plasma Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Angiopoietin-2, and C-Reactive Protein Levels Predict Subsequent Type 1 Myocardial Infarction in Persons With Treated HIV Infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2023; 93:282-291. [PMID: 37018921 PMCID: PMC10330055 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV infection leads to endothelial activation, promoting platelet adhesion, and accelerating atherosclerosis. Our goal was to determine whether biomarkers of endothelial activation and hemostasis/thrombosis were elevated in people with treated HIV (PWH) before myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS In a case-control study nested within the CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) cohort, we compared 69 adjudicated cases with type 1 MI with 138 controls matched for antiretroviral therapy regimen. We measured angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13), von Willebrand factor, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), plasminogen activation inhibitor-1, P-selectin, serum amyloid-A, soluble CD14, and apolipoprotein A1 in stored plasma. Conditional logistic regression identified associations with subsequent MI, with and without adjustment for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) and Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) scores. RESULTS Higher IL-6 was associated with MI after adjustment for ASCVD score (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.51, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.05 to 2.17 per standard-deviation-scaled log 2 increment). In a separate model adjusting for VACS score, higher ANG-2 (AOR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.14), higher CRP (AOR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.00), and higher IL-6 (AOR 1.68, 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.41) were associated with MI. In a sensitivity analysis excluding PWH with viral load ≥400 copies/mL, higher IL-6 remained associated with MI after adjustment for ASCVD score and after adjustment for VACS score. CONCLUSIONS Among PWH, higher levels of plasma IL-6, CRP, and ANG-2 predict subsequent type 1 MI, independent of conventional risk scores. IL-6 had the most consistent associations with type 1 MI, regardless of viral load suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Graham
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robin M. Nance
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Junmei Chen
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark M. Wurfel
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter W. Hunt
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Susan R. Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey N. Martin
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Heidi M. Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - José A. López
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W. Conrad Liles
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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7
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Identification Markers of Carotid Vulnerable Plaques: An Update. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091192. [PMID: 36139031 PMCID: PMC9496377 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulnerable plaques have been a hot topic in the field of stroke and carotid atherosclerosis. Currently, risk stratification and intervention of carotid plaques are guided by the degree of luminal stenosis. Recently, it has been recognized that the vulnerability of plaques may contribute to the risk of stroke. Some classical interventions, such as carotid endarterectomy, significantly reduce the risk of stroke in symptomatic patients with severe carotid stenosis, while for asymptomatic patients, clinically silent plaques with rupture tendency may expose them to the risk of cerebrovascular events. Early identification of vulnerable plaques contributes to lowering the risk of cerebrovascular events. Previously, the identification of vulnerable plaques was commonly based on imaging technologies at the macroscopic level. Recently, some microscopic molecules pertaining to vulnerable plaques have emerged, and could be potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets. This review aimed to update the previous summarization of vulnerable plaques and identify vulnerable plaques at the microscopic and macroscopic levels.
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Milošević N, Rütter M, David A. Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules- (un)Attainable Targets for Nanomedicines. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:846065. [PMID: 35463298 PMCID: PMC9021548 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.846065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell adhesion molecules have long been proposed as promising targets in many pathologies. Despite promising preclinical data, several efforts to develop small molecule inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) ended in clinical-stage failure. In parallel, many well-validated approaches for targeting CAMs with nanomedicine (NM) were reported over the years. A wide range of potential applications has been demonstrated in various preclinical studies, from drug delivery to the tumor vasculature, imaging of the inflamed endothelium, or blocking immune cells infiltration. However, no NM drug candidate emerged further into clinical development. In this review, we will summarize the most advanced examples of CAM-targeted NMs and juxtapose them with known traditional drugs against CAMs, in an attempt to identify important translational hurdles. Most importantly, we will summarize the proposed strategies to enhance endothelial CAM targeting by NMs, in an attempt to offer a catalog of tools for further development.
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9
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Zhang M, Xie Z, Long H, Ren K, Hou L, Wang Y, Xu X, Lei W, Yang Z, Ahmed S, Zhang H, Zhao G. Current advances in the imaging of atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque using nanoparticles. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100236. [PMID: 35341094 PMCID: PMC8943324 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques of the artery wall that pose a significant risk of cardio-cerebral vascular accidents remain the global leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Thus, early delineation of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques is of clinical importance for prevention and treatment. The currently available imaging technologies mainly focus on the structural assessment of the vascular wall. Unfortunately, several disadvantages in these strategies limit the improvement in imaging effect. Nanoparticle technology is a novel diagnostic strategy for targeting and imaging pathological biomarkers. New functionalized nanoparticles that detect hallmarks of vulnerable plaques are promising for advance further control of this critical illness. The review aims to address the current opportunities and challenges for the use of nanoparticle technology in imagining vulnerable plaques.
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10
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Ultrasonic Imaging of Carotid Inflammatory Plaque with Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9685660. [PMID: 34899973 PMCID: PMC8660225 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9685660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation can stimulate the formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques and increase the vulnerability of plaques. However, there are few studies on the changes of carotid inflammatory plaques during treatment. Our study attempted to investigate the use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) ultrasound imaging to detect the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in patients with carotid plaques and analyze the effects of SPION ultrasound imaging in inflammatory plaque visualization effect. SPION microbubble contrast agents have good imaging effects both in vivo and in vitro. We conjugated the VCAM-1 protein to the microbubbles wrapped in SPIONs to form SPIONs carrying VCAM-1 antibodies. Observe the signal intensity of SPIONs carrying VCAM-1 antibody to arteritis plaque. The results showed that the SPION contrast agent carrying VCAM-1 antibody had higher peak gray-scale video intensity than the other two groups of contrast agents not carrying VCAM-1 antibody. It shows that SPIONs have excellent imaging effects in ultrasound imaging, can evaluate the inflammatory response of arterial plaque lesions, and are of great significance for the study of carotid inflammatory plaque changes.
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11
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Phospholipid-coated targeted microbubbles for ultrasound molecular imaging and therapy. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2021; 63:171-179. [PMID: 34102582 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid-coated microbubbles are ultrasound contrast agents that, when functionalized, adhere to specific biomarkers on cells. In this concise review, we highlight recent developments in strategies for targeting the microbubbles and their use for ultrasound molecular imaging (UMI) and therapy. Recently developed novel targeting strategies include magnetic functionalization, triple targeting, and the use of several new ligands. UMI is a powerful technique for studying disease progression, diagnostic imaging, and monitoring of therapeutic responses. Targeted microbubbles (tMBs) have been used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and cancer, with therapeutics either coadministered or loaded onto the tMBs. Regardless of which disease was treated, the use of tMBs always resulted in a better therapeutic outcome than non-tMBs when compared in vitro or in vivo.
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12
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Liu X, Qu C, Zhang Y, Fang J, Teng L, Zhang R, Zhang X, Shen C. Chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1) aggravates neointimal hyperplasia through activating the NF-κB /VCAM-1 pathway. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1880-1890. [PMID: 32741140 PMCID: PMC7459414 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) is a complicated inflammatory process contributing to vascular restenosis. The present study aimed to explore whether chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1) aggravates NIH via the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) pathway. We found the expression of CKLF1 and VCAM-1 significantly increased in human carotid plaques compared to the control. In vivo, CKLF1 overexpression induced a thicker neointimal formation and VCAM-1 expression was correspondingly upregulated. In vitro, CKLF1 activated NF-κB and induced VCAM-1 upregulation in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Functional experiments demonstrated that CKLF1 promoted monocyte adhesion and HASMC migration via VCAM-1. These results suggest CKLF1 accelerates NIH by promoting monocyte adhesion and HASMC migration via the NF-κB/VCAM-1 pathway. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the causality of CKLF1 on NIH and could prove beneficial in designing therapeutic modalities with a focus on CKLF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnong Liu
- Vascular Surgery Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengjia Qu
- Vascular Surgery Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbao Zhang
- Vascular Surgery Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Vascular Surgery Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lequn Teng
- Vascular Surgery Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rujiao Zhang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Shen
- Vascular Surgery Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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13
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Rafailidis V, Li X, Sidhu PS, Partovi S, Staub D. Contrast imaging ultrasound for the detection and characterization of carotid vulnerable plaque. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:965-981. [PMID: 32968654 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2020.01.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Not only the degree of luminal narrowing but also the plaque morphology and composition play an important role in risk stratification of carotid atherosclerotic lesions. During the last few years, carotid contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has emerged as a valuable imaging tool to assess such vulnerable carotid plaques. This review article discussed the use of CEUS for the detection of carotid plaque irregularities and ulcerations as well as the quantification of intraplaque neovascularization and its correlation with histology and inflammatory biomarkers. Apart from evaluating for markers of vulnerable carotid plaques, CEUS enhancement is directly associated with past cerebrovascular events. More importantly, preliminary evidence has shown that CEUS could be used to predict future cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. Despite the progress in CEUS imaging for carotid atherosclerotic disease, past studies still suffer from the retrospective nature, small sample size, and a lack of matched, well controlled prospective studies. In the future, large multi-center prospective studies addressing the relationship between CEUS findings and patient clinical outcomes in carotid atherosclerotic disease are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul S Sidhu
- Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sasan Partovi
- Interventional Radiology Section, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel Staub
- Department of Angiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Peptide-based nanosystems for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 targeting: a real opportunity for therapeutic and diagnostic agents in inflammation associated disorders. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Mo X, Yan F, Zhang B. Molecular Ultrasound Monitoring of Early Artery Injury After Carotid Balloon Angioplasty. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1569. [PMID: 30740054 PMCID: PMC6355681 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular intervention is a common treatment procedure for many cardiovascular diseases. But restenosis often occurs after these procedures, greatly discounting their long-term therapeutic effects. Early detection of endothelial denudation is helpful for the diagnosis and prevention of restenosis. Here, we fabricated targeted microbubbles by conjugating anti-collagen IV antibodies to the surface of biotinylated microbubbles (MBColIV) and applied them for ultrasound molecular imaging of endothelial injury at early stage. Our results showed that the MBColIV, with a typical multi-peak particle distribution, was successfully constructed, which was confirmed by Alexa Fluor® 555-labeled secondary antibody. Ex vivo adhesion of microbubbles revealed that MBColIV can effectively and specially bind to the surface of balloon-injured carotid artery. The in vivo animal experiments showed ultrasound molecular imaging signals from carotid artery-injured rats administrated with MBColIV were significantly higher than those administrated with isotype control microbubbles. Histological staining of the left carotid common artery revealed that collagen IV was obviously exposed after endothelium denudation in balloon-injured artery. In conclusion, our current study provides an effective approach to detect vascular injury at the early stage and a potential platform for image-guided therapy to vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhai Mo
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Vishal TMD, Ji-Bin LMD, John EP. Applications in Molecular Ultrasound Imaging: Present and Future. ADVANCED ULTRASOUND IN DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.37015/audt.2019.190812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Dardik A, Gloviczki P, Lawrence PF. Vascular science: A glimpse into the future. J Vasc Surg 2018; 68:1S-2S. [PMID: 30470354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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