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Porras N, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM, Rodríguez-Bertos A, Kosowska A, Barasona JÁ. Tertiary lymphoid organs in wild boar exposed to a low-virulent isolate of African swine fever virus. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-13. [PMID: 38533618 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2331525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the great interest in the development of a vaccine against African swine fever (ASF) in wild boar, the immunological mechanisms that induce animal protection are still unknown. For this purpose, tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) of wild boar were characterised and compared with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs) by histopathology, histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry (CD3, CD79, PAX5, LYVE1, fibronectin). In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (p72) were used to evaluate the presence of ASF virus (ASFV) in blood and tissues samples, respectively. TLOs were observed in animals infected with a low-virulent ASFV isolate (LVI), animals co-infected with low and high-virulent ASFV isolates (LVI-HVI) and animals infected only with the high virulence isolate (HVI). TLOs in LVI and LVI-HVI groups were located adjacent to the mucosa and presented a similar structure to MALT. Immunoexpresion of p72 observed in the inflammatory cells adjacent to TLOs/MALTs confirmed its development and reactivity generated by ASF attenuated isolates. Immunohistochemical evaluation, based on cellular composition (T and B lymphocytes), and histomorphometrical study revealed a more pronounced maturation of TLOs/MALTs in the LVI-HVI group. It is currently unclear whether these formations play a protective role by contributing to local immunity in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the structural similarities between TLOs and MALTs and the location of TLOs close to the mucosa suggest that they may perform a similar function, facilitating a local protective response. Nevertheless, further investigations are warranted to assess the cellular and humoral dynamics of these lymphoid organs induced by attenuated isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Porras
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Sánchez-Vizcaíno
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Bertos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Kosowska
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Á Barasona
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Wang M, Rajkumar S, Lai Y, Liu X, He J, Ishikawa T, Nallapothula D, Singh RR. Tertiary lymphoid structures as local perpetuators of organ-specific immune injury: implication for lupus nephritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1204777. [PMID: 38022566 PMCID: PMC10644380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1204777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to inflammatory stimuli in conditions such as autoimmune disorders, infections and cancers, immune cells organize in nonlymphoid tissues, which resemble secondary lymphoid organs. Such immune cell clusters are called tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). Here, we describe the potential role of TLS in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease, focusing on lupus nephritis, a condition that incurs major morbidity and mortality. In the kidneys of patients and animals with lupus nephritis, the presence of immune cell aggregates with similar cell composition, structure, and gene signature as lymph nodes and of lymphoid tissue-inducer and -organizer cells, along with evidence of communication between stromal and immune cells are indicative of the formation of TLS. TLS formation in kidneys affected by lupus may be instigated by local increases in lymphorganogenic chemokines such as CXCL13, and in molecules associated with leukocyte migration and vascularization. Importantly, the presence of TLS in kidneys is associated with severe tubulointerstitial inflammation, higher disease activity and chronicity indices, and poor response to treatment in patients with lupus nephritis. TLS may contribute to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis by increasing local IFN-I production, facilitating the recruitment and supporting survival of autoreactive B cells, maintaining local production of systemic autoantibodies such as anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm/RNP autoantibodies, and initiating epitope spreading to local autoantigens. Resolution of TLS, along with improvement in lupus, by treating animals with soluble BAFF receptor, docosahexaenoic acid, complement inhibitor C4BP(β-), S1P1 receptor modulator Cenerimod, dexamethasone, and anti-CXCL13 further emphasizes a role of TLS in the pathogenesis of lupus. However, the mechanisms underlying TLS formation and their roles in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis are not fully comprehended. Furthermore, the lack of non-invasive methods to visualize/quantify TLS in kidneys is also a major hurdle; however, recent success in visualizing TLS in lupus-prone mice by photon emission computed tomography provides hope for early detection and manipulation of TLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Peking University Shenzhen Hosiptal, Shenzhen, China
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Snehin Rajkumar
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yupeng Lai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingjiao Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tatsuya Ishikawa
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dhiraj Nallapothula
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ram Raj Singh
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Koti M, Bivalacqua T, Black PC, Cathomen T, Galsky MD, Gulley JL, Ingersoll MA, Kamat AM, Kassouf W, Siemens DR, Gao J. Adaptive Immunity in Genitourinary Cancers. Eur Urol Oncol 2023; 6:263-272. [PMID: 37069029 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT While urothelial and renal cell cancers have exhibited modest responses to novel immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed death ligand 1 and its receptor, response rates in patients with prostate cancer have remained poor. The factors underlying suboptimal outcomes observed in patients treated with novel immunotherapies are still to be resolved. OBJECTIVE To review the literature and describe the key adaptive immune physiological events associated with cancer progression and therapeutic response in genitourinary (GU) cancers. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We performed a nonsystematic, collaborative narrative review to highlight recent advancements leading to the current state of knowledge on the critical mediators of antitumor adaptive immunity to GU cancers. Further, we discuss the findings on the pre- and post-treatment immunological events that either are unique to each of the three cancer types or exhibit overlapping clinical associations. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Aging-associated immune function decline is a major factor underlying poor outcomes observed in patients treated with both conventional and novel immunotherapies. Other cancer immunobiological aspects associated with suboptimal responses in GU cancers include the overall tumor mutational burden, mutations in specific tumor suppressor/DNA damage repair genes (KDM6A, PTEN, STAG2, TP53, ATM, and BRCA2), and abundance of multiple functional states of adaptive immune cells and their spatiotemporal localization within the tumor immune microenvironment. Understanding these mechanisms may potentially lead to the development of prognostic and predictive biomarkers such as immune cell infiltration profiles and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) that associate with variable clinical outcomes depending on the nature of the novel immunotherapeutic approach. Implementation of newer immune-monitoring technologies and improved preclinical modeling systems will augment our understanding of the host and tumor intrinsic factors contributing to the variability of responses to immunotherapies. CONCLUSIONS Despite the tremendous progress made in the understanding of dynamic and static adaptive immune elements within the tumor immune landscape, several knowledge gaps remain. A comprehensive knowledge thus gained will lead to precision immunotherapy, improved drug sequencing, and a therapeutic response. PATIENT SUMMARY We performed a collaborative review by a diverse group of experts in the field to examine our understanding of the events and crosstalk between cancer cells and the patient's immune system that are associated with responses to novel immunotherapies. An evolving understanding of tumor-intrinsic and host-related immune alterations, both before and after therapy, will aid in the discovery of promising markers of responses to immunotherapy as well as the development of unique therapeutic approaches for the management of genitourinary cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Trinity Bivalacqua
- Department of Urology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Faculty of Medicine & Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthew D Galsky
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James L Gulley
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Molly A Ingersoll
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, 75014, France; Mucosal Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ashish M Kamat
- Department of Urology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wassim Kassouf
- Division of Urology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - D Robert Siemens
- Department of Urology, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Du W, Gao CY, You X, Li L, Zhao ZB, Fang M, Ye Z, Si M, Lian ZX, Yu X. Increased proportion of follicular helper T cells is associated with B cell activation and disease severity in IgA nephropathy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901465. [PMID: 35983053 PMCID: PMC9381139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis, characterized by glomerular deposition of IgA immune complexes, mainly produced by B cells under the regulation of CD4+T cells. However, the alterations of specific CD4+T cell subsets and the mechanism of B cells activation in IgAN remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the landscape characteristics and role of CD4+T cells in the progression of IgAN. We identified that the proportion of Th2, Th17 and Tfh (follicular helper T) cells in patients with IgAN was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (P < 0.05). Single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed that Th cells and B cells in patients with IgAN were more activated. Correspondingly, multiplex immunohistochemistry staining of renal biopsy showed increased infiltration of CD4+T and B cells in the kidneys of patients with IgAN. The degree of infiltration was positively correlated with the degree of renal damage. Interestingly, the proportion of Tfh cells in peripheral blood was positively correlated with the severity of proteinuria. Moreover, the proximity position of Tfh cells and B cells suggested that cell-cell interactions between Tfh and B cells were happening in situ. Intercellular communication analysis also showed enhanced interaction between Tfh cells and B cells in IgAN. Our findings suggested that Tfh cells of patients possibly contributed to the progression of IgAN by activating B cells via cell-cell interactions and TNFSF14-TNFRSF14 may be an underlying signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshan Du
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Yue Gao
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing You
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Li
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Zhao
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Fang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meijun Si
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xueqing Yu,
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Obrișcă B, Sorohan B, Tuță L, Ismail G. Advances in Lupus Nephritis Pathogenesis: From Bench to Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073766. [PMID: 33916456 PMCID: PMC8038540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototype of autoimmune disorders caused by a loss of tolerance to endogenous nuclear antigens triggering an aberrant autoimmune response targeting various tissues. Lupus nephritis (LN), a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with SLE, affects up to 60% of patients. The recent insights into the genetic and molecular basis of SLE and LN paved the way for newer therapies to be developed for these patients. Apart from the traditional B-cell-centered view of this disease pathogenesis, acknowledging that multiple extrarenal and intrarenal pathways contribute to kidney-specific autoimmunity and injury may help refine the individual therapeutic and prognostic characterization of such patients. Accordingly, the formerly induction-maintenance treatment strategy was recently challenged with the exciting results obtained from the trials that evaluated add-on therapy with voclosporin, belimumab, or Obinutuzumab. The scope of this review is to provide an insight into the current knowledge of LN pathogenesis and future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Obrișcă
- Department of Nephrology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Fundeni Street 258, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (B.O.); (B.S.)
- Department of Nephrology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Sorohan
- Department of Nephrology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Fundeni Street 258, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (B.O.); (B.S.)
- Department of Nephrology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Tuță
- Department of Nephrology, “Ovidius” University, 900527 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Gener Ismail
- Department of Nephrology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Fundeni Street 258, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (B.O.); (B.S.)
- Department of Nephrology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Zidan AA, Perkins GB, Al-Hawwas M, Elhossiny A, Yang J, Bobrovskaya L, Mourad GM, Zhou XF, Hurtado PR. Urine stem cells are equipped to provide B cell survival signals. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:803-818. [PMID: 33554422 PMCID: PMC8248326 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and immune cells has been studied for MSCs isolated from different tissues. However, the immunomodulatory capacity of urine stem cells (USCs) has not been adequately researched. The present study reports on the effect of USCs on peripheral blood lymphocytes. USCs were isolated and characterized before coculture with resting and with anti‐CD3/CD28 bead stimulated lymphocytes. Similarly to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs), USCs inhibited the proliferation of activated T lymphocytes and induced their apoptosis. However, they also induced strong activation, proliferation, and cytokine and antibody production by B lymphocytes. Molecular phenotype and supernatant analysis revealed that USCs secrete a range of cytokines and effector molecules, known to play a central role in B cell biology. These included B cell‐activating factor (BAFF), interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and CD40L. These findings raise the possibility of an unrecognized active role for kidney stem cells in modulating local immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A Zidan
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Griffith B Perkins
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hawwas
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ahmed Elhossiny
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jianyu Yang
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ghada M Mourad
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Plinio R Hurtado
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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