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Kerul L, Schrems M, Schmid A, Meli R, Becker CFW, Bello C. Semisynthesis of Homogeneous, Active Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Glycoforms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206116. [PMID: 35853828 PMCID: PMC9804750 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a cytokine used to treat neutropenia. Different glycosylated and non-glycosylated variants of G-CSF for therapeutic application are currently generated by recombinant expression. Here, we describe our approaches to establish a first semisynthesis strategy to access the aglycone and O-glycoforms of G-CSF, thereby enabling the preparation of selectively and homogeneously post-translationally modified variants of this important cytokine. Eventually, we succeeded by combining selenocysteine ligation of a recombinantly produced N-terminal segment with a synthetic C-terminal part, transiently equipped with a side-chain-linked, photocleavable PEG moiety, at low concentration. The transient PEGylation enabled quantitative enzymatic elongation of the carbohydrate at Thr133. Overall, we were able to significantly reduce the problems related to the low solubility and the tendency to aggregate of the two protein segments, which allowed the preparation of four G-CSF variants that were successfully folded and demonstrated biological activity in cell proliferation assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kerul
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Maximilian Schrems
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Alanca Schmid
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Rajeshwari Meli
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Christian F. W. Becker
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Claudia Bello
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and BiologyDepartment of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”University of Florencevia della Lastruccia 1350019Sesto Fiorentino (Florence)Italy
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Kerul L, Schrems M, Schmid A, Meli R, Becker CF, Bello C. Semisynthesis of Homogeneous, Active Granulocyte Colony‐Stimulating Factor Glycoforms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kerul
- University of Vienna: Universitat Wien Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | | | - Alanca Schmid
- University of Vienna: Universitat Wien Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | | | - Christian F.W. Becker
- Universitat Wien Institute of Biological Chemistry Währinger Str. 38 1090 Vienna AUSTRIA
| | - Claudia Bello
- University of Florence: Universita degli Studi di Firenze Chemistry ITALY
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Marchesi F, Vacca M, Giannarelli D, Ipsevich F, Pandolfi A, Gumenyuk S, Renzi D, Palombi F, Pisani F, Romano A, Spadea A, Papa E, Canfora M, Pierelli L, Mengarelli A. Lenograstim 5 µg/kg is not superior to biosimilar filgrastim 10 µg/kg in lymphoma patients undergoing peripheral blood stem cell mobilization after chemotherapy: preliminary results from a prospective randomized study. Transfusion 2018; 58:1143-1148. [PMID: 29446445 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomized trials comparing chemomobilization efficiency between lenograstim and biosimilar filgrastim are lacking. Our previous retrospective study suggested that lenograstim could be more effective than biosimilar filgrastim when used at the same conventional dosage (5 µg/kg) only in lymphoma patients undergoing peripheral blood stem cell mobilization. We planned a prospective randomized study comparing lenograstim 5 µg/kg with biosimilar filgrastim 10 µg/kg to verify the hypothesis of lenograstim superiority even at half the dosage (stress test). Herein we report data after enrolling 60% of planned patients. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS From October 2014 to November 2017, a total of 42 of 70 planned patients with lymphoma were randomly assigned to receive lenograstim 5 µg/kg (21) or biosimilar filgrastim 10 µg/kg (21). Patients were stratified according to treatment line at the time of mobilization (1 or ≥2). Primary endpoint was the rate of achievement of the CD34+ cell collection target dose (≥ 4 × 106 /kg). An improvement by 23% was expected to validate the hypothesis of lenograstim superiority. RESULTS The two cohorts were balanced for all the baseline features. We observed an identical rate of patients able to reach the targeted CD34+ cell dose and of mobilization failures (90.4 and 4.8% in both cohorts) and a perfect equivalence in any of the secondary collection outcomes. The hypothesis of lenograstim superiority was not corroborated at interim analysis. CONCLUSION Lenograstim at conventional dosage has failed to demonstrate its superiority over biosimilar filgrastim at double the dosage at interim analysis in their first head-to-head trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Vacca
- Immuno-Transfusional Medicine, Leukapheresis and Cellular Therapy Unit, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- Biostatistics Unit, Scientific Direction, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute
| | - Francesco Ipsevich
- Immuno-Transfusional Medicine, Leukapheresis and Cellular Therapy Unit, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Annino Pandolfi
- Immuno-Transfusional Medicine, Leukapheresis and Cellular Therapy Unit, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elena Papa
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit
| | - Marco Canfora
- Biostatistics Unit, Scientific Direction, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute
| | - Luca Pierelli
- Immuno-Transfusional Medicine, Leukapheresis and Cellular Therapy Unit, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Ramírez-Alanis IA, Renaud JB, García-Lara S, Menassa R, Cardineau GA. Transient co-expression with three O-glycosylation enzymes allows production of GalNAc- O-glycosylated Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor in N. benthamiana. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:98. [PMID: 30410568 PMCID: PMC6219069 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of economically relevant proteins in alternative expression platforms, especially plant expression platforms, has gained significant interest in recent years. A special interest in working with plants as bioreactors for the production of pharmaceutical proteins is related to low production costs, product safety and quality. Among the different properties that plants can also offer for the production of recombinant proteins, protein glycosylation is crucial since it may have an impact on pharmaceutical functionality and/or stability. RESULTS The pharmaceutical glycoprotein human Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor was transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants and subjected to mammalian-specific mucin-type O-glycosylation by co-expressing the pharmaceutical protein together with the glycosylation machinery responsible for such post-translational modification. CONCLUSIONS The pharmaceutical glycoprotein human Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor can be expressed in N. benthamiana plants via agroinfiltration with its native mammalian-specific mucin-type O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel A. Ramírez-Alanis
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, NL Mexico
| | | | - Silverio García-Lara
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, NL Mexico
| | - Rima Menassa
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada
| | - Guy A. Cardineau
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, NL Mexico
- Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004-4467 USA
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Roberts AG, Johnston EV, Shieh JH, Sondey JP, Hendrickson RC, Moore MAS, Danishefsky SJ. Fully Synthetic Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Enabled by Isonitrile-Mediated Coupling of Large, Side-Chain-Unprotected Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13167-75. [PMID: 26401918 PMCID: PMC4617663 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is an endogenous glycoprotein involved in hematopoiesis. Natively glycosylated and nonglycosylated recombinant forms, lenograstim and filgrastim, respectively, are used clinically to manage neutropenia in patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment. Despite their comparable therapeutic potential, the purpose of O-linked glycosylation at Thr133 remains a subject of controversy. In light of this, we have developed a synthetic platform to prepare G-CSF aglycone with the goal of enabling access to native and designed glycoforms with site-selectivity and glycan homogeneity. To address the synthesis of a relatively large, aggregation-prone sequence, we advanced an isonitrile-mediated ligation method. The chemoselective activation and coupling of C-terminal peptidyl Gly thioacids with the N-terminus of an unprotected peptide provide ligated peptides directly in a manner complementary to that with conventional native chemical ligation-desulfurization strategies. Herein, we describe the details and application of this method as it enabled the convergent total synthesis of G-CSF aglycone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Roberts
- Laboratory for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Eric V. Johnston
- Laboratory for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jae-Hung Shieh
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Joseph P. Sondey
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ronald C. Hendrickson
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Malcolm A. S. Moore
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Laboratory for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Fogli S, Stefanelli F, Battolla B, Bianchi F, Breschi MC, Mattii L. Salbutamol inhibits RhoA activation in normal but not in desensitized bronchial smooth muscle cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:1416-20. [PMID: 26076973 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed at investigating whether the β2 -adrenoceptor agonist, salbutamol, could modulate RhoA activation in normal and homologously desensitized bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMC). METHODS Serum-starved BSMCs were stimulated with the Rho-activating compound calpeptin in the presence or absence of salbutamol, the Epac activator, 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP, or the site-selective activator of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), 6-Bnz-cAMP. Activated RhoA was assessed by immunocytochemical detection and by RhoA G-LISA assay. KEY FINDINGS Stimulation with calpeptin caused translocation of RhoA from cytosol to plasma membrane, a condition required for the functional coupling of RhoA with its cellular targets. Pretreatment with salbutamol 10 μm for 15 min was found to block calpeptin-induced activation of RhoA in normal, but not in homologously desensitized cells. Pretreatment of calpeptin-stimulated BSMC with 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP or 6-Bnz-cAMP could reproduce the effect of salbutamol. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that salbutamol inhibits RhoA activation in human BSMC through β2 -adrenoceptor/Epac/PKA pathway. An important pharmacological implication of these finding is the possible contribution of RhoA pathway to the molecular mechanism involved in airway smooth muscle relaxation caused by acute/chronic exposure to β2-adrenoceptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fogli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Battolla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Bianchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Letizia Mattii
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Mattii L, Ippolito C, Segnani C, Battolla B, Colucci R, Dolfi A, Bassotti G, Blandizzi C, Bernardini N. Altered expression pattern of molecular factors involved in colonic smooth muscle functions: an immunohistochemical study in patients with diverticular disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57023. [PMID: 23437299 PMCID: PMC3577760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of diverticular disease (DD) is thought to result from complex interactions among dietary habits, genetic factors and coexistence of other bowel abnormalities. These conditions lead to alterations in colonic pressure and motility, facilitating the formation of diverticula. Although electrophysiological studies on smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have investigated colonic motor dysfunctions, scarce attention has been paid to their molecular abnormalities, and data on SMCs in DD are lacking. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression patterns of molecular factors involved in the contractile functions of SMCs in the tunica muscularis of colonic specimens from patients with DD. Methods and Findings By means of immunohistochemistry and image analysis, we examined the expression of Cx26 and Cx43, which are prominent components of gap junctions in human colonic SMCs, as well as pS368-Cx43, PKCps, RhoA and αSMA, all known to regulate the functions of gap junctions and the contractile activity of SMCs. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed significant abnormalities in DD samples, concerning both the expression and distribution patterns of most of the investigated molecular factors. Conclusion This study demonstrates, for the first time, that an altered pattern of factors involved in SMC contractility is present at level of the tunica muscularis of DD patients. Moreover, considering that our analysis was conducted on colonic tissues not directly affected by diverticular lesions or inflammatory reactions, it is conceivable that these molecular alterations may precede and predispose to the formation of diverticula, rather than being mere consequences of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Mattii
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embriology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Orciuolo E, Buda G, Marturano E, Mauro E, Milone G, Cangialosi C, Di Renzo N, Pastore D, Specchia G, De Paolis MR, Mazza P, Pietrantuono G, Petrini M. Lenograstim reduces the incidence of febrile episodes, when compared with filgrastim, in multiple myeloma patients undergoing stem cell mobilization. Leuk Res 2011; 35:899-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 10/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Glycosylation interference on RhoA activation: focus on G-CSF. Leuk Res 2010; 35:265-7. [PMID: 20573400 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation of cytokines appears to be responsible for several differences in their activity, and focusing on G-CSF, several divergences between the non-glycosylated G-CSF, Filgrastim, and the glycosylated G-CSF, Lenograstim, have been reported. To verify the role of G-CSF glycosylation in mediating these differences we tested in vitro the effects on the RhoA activation of the different G-CSFs, including deglycosylated Lenograstim. The results showed that Filgrastim induced sustained-RhoA activation while Lenograstim did not do so. Deglycosylated Lenograstim mimicked Filgrastim, resulting in RhoA hyper-activation. These in vitro findings demonstrate that the glycosylation of G-CSF plays a crucial role in RhoA activation.
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Ribeiro D, Veldwijk MR, Benner A, Laufs S, Wenz F, Ho AD, Fruehauf S. Differences in functional activity and antigen expression of granulocytes primed in vivo with filgrastim, lenograstim, or pegfilgrastim. Transfusion 2007; 47:969-80. [PMID: 17524085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is known to affect functional activity and antigen expression of neutrophil granulocytes. Beside nonglycosylated filgrastim and glycosylated lenograstim, pegylated filgrastim (pegfilgrastim) has recently been introduced for single administration into clinical use. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Here, granulocytes from 27 patients with nonmyeloid malignancies were compared functionally (migration, reactive oxygen species production, and G-CSF serum levels) and phenotypically (cell surface antigen expression) before and after G-CSF administration. RESULTS After exposure to G-CSF, chemotaxis was reduced significantly in the filgrastim group. Immunophenotypically, in vivo G-CSF-primed granulocytes were more mature in the lenograstim than in the filgrastim and to lesser extent in the pegfilgrastim groups as shown by the expression profile for CD11b, CD14, and CD16. Of note, G-CSF serum levels were similar among the groups. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that granulocytes exposed to glycosylated G-CSF in vivo seem to resemble more closely their steady-state phenotype than after treatment with nonglycosylated and to lesser extent pegylated G-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ribeiro
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Fazzi R, Orciuolo E, Trombi L, Mattii L, Battola B, Riccioni R, Carulli G, Galimberti S, Petrini M. PEG-Filgrastim activity on granulocyte functions. Leuk Res 2007; 31:1453-5. [PMID: 17197023 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2006] [Revised: 11/12/2006] [Accepted: 11/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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