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Panting RG, Kotecha RS, Cheung LC. The critical role of the bone marrow stromal microenvironment for the development of drug screening platforms in leukemia. Exp Hematol 2024; 133:104212. [PMID: 38552942 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Extensive research over the past 50 years has resulted in significant improvements in survival for patients diagnosed with leukemia. Despite this, a subgroup of patients harboring high-risk genetic alterations still suffer from poor outcomes. There is a desperate need for new treatments to improve survival, yet consistent failure exists in the translation of in vitro drug development to clinical application. Preclinical screening conventionally utilizes tumor cell monocultures to assess drug activity; however, emerging research has acknowledged the vital role of the tumor microenvironment in treatment resistance and disease relapse. Current co-culture drug screening methods frequently employ fibroblasts as the designated stromal cell component. Alternative stromal cell types that are known to contribute to chemoresistance are often absent in preclinical evaluations of drug efficacy. This review highlights mechanisms of chemoresistance by a range of different stromal constituents present in the bone marrow microenvironment. Utilizing an array of stromal cell types at the early stages of drug screening may enhance the translation of in vitro drug development to clinical use. Ultimately, we highlight the need to consider the bone marrow microenvironment in drug screening platforms for leukemia to develop superior therapies for the treatment of high-risk patients with poor prognostic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon G Panting
- Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rishi S Kotecha
- Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Laurence C Cheung
- Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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2
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Saluja S, Bansal I, Bhardwaj R, Beg MS, Palanichamy JK. Inflammation as a driver of hematological malignancies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1347402. [PMID: 38571491 PMCID: PMC10987768 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1347402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a tightly regulated process that produces all adult blood cells and immune cells from multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HSCs usually remain quiescent, and in the presence of external stimuli like infection or inflammation, they undergo division and differentiation as a compensatory mechanism. Normal hematopoiesis is impacted by systemic inflammation, which causes HSCs to transition from quiescence to emergency myelopoiesis. At the molecular level, inflammatory cytokine signaling molecules such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferons, interleukins, and toll-like receptors can all cause HSCs to multiply directly. These cytokines actively encourage HSC activation, proliferation, and differentiation during inflammation, which results in the generation and activation of immune cells required to combat acute injury. The bone marrow niche provides numerous soluble and stromal cell signals, which are essential for maintaining normal homeostasis and output of the bone marrow cells. Inflammatory signals also impact this bone marrow microenvironment called the HSC niche to regulate the inflammatory-induced hematopoiesis. Continuous pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine activation can have detrimental effects on the hematopoietic system, which can lead to cancer development, HSC depletion, and bone marrow failure. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage DNA and ultimately lead to the transformation of HSCs into cancerous cells, are produced due to chronic inflammation. The biological elements of the HSC niche produce pro-inflammatory cytokines that cause clonal growth and the development of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in hematological malignancies. The processes underlying how inflammation affects hematological malignancies are still not fully understood. In this review, we emphasize the effects of inflammation on normal hematopoiesis, the part it plays in the development and progression of hematological malignancies, and potential therapeutic applications for targeting these pathways for therapy in hematological malignancies.
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PROM1 and CTGF Expression in Childhood MLL-Rearrangement Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5896022. [PMID: 36276286 PMCID: PMC9586771 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5896022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of over 90% of infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains poor because of harboring the mixed-lineage leukemia gene (MLL) fusion. To give insight into the critical coexpressed genes related to the MLL-rearrangement (MLL-R) gene in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, we integrated different bioinformatic methods. First, the gene expression data of MLL-R ALL and normal samples from GSE13159 and GSE13164 were analyzed using “compare” function in the Oncomine database. The top 150 overexpressed and 150 underexpressed genes were identified by the Oncomine website. Then, we employed the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) to define functional genes for the 300 DEGs. The Cytoscape identified two important networks for overexpressed genes, including 35 functional genes, among which PROM1, FLT3, CTGF, LGALS1, IGFBP7, ZNRF1, and RUNX2 were considered as the key genes because of their high expression in MLL-R ALL compared to the expression in other subclassification of leukemia in the MILE dataset. Further analysis of GSE68720, GSE19475, and Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) ALL (phase I) database confirmed the robust expression of 7 key genes in MLL-R compared to MLL-germline (MLL-G) childhood ALL. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that childhood ALL patients with high PROM1 and CTGF expression had significantly poor overall survival. These findings suggest that PROM1 and CTGF represent two potential therapeutic targets for childhood MLL-R ALL.
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Fernández-Sevilla LM, Valencia J, Ortiz-Sánchez P, Fraile-Ramos A, Zuluaga P, Jiménez E, Sacedón R, Martínez-Sánchez MV, Jazbec J, Debeljak M, Fedders B, Stanulla M, Schewe D, Cario G, Minguela A, Ramírez M, Varas A, Vicente Á. High BMP4 expression in low/intermediate risk BCP-ALL identifies children with poor outcomes. Blood 2022; 139:3303-3313. [PMID: 35313334 PMCID: PMC11022983 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) outcome has improved in the last decades, but leukemic relapses are still one of the main problems of this disease. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) was investigated as a new candidate biomarker with potential prognostic relevance, and its pathogenic role was assessed in the development of disease. A retrospective study was performed with 115 pediatric patients with BCP-ALL, and BMP4 expression was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in leukemic blasts at the time of diagnosis. BMP4 mRNA expression levels in the third (upper) quartile were associated with a higher cumulative incidence of relapse as well as a worse 5-year event-free survival and central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Importantly, this association was also evident among children classified as having a nonhigh risk of relapse. A validation cohort of 236 patients with BCP-ALL supported these data. Furthermore, high BMP4 expression promoted engraftment and rapid disease progression in an NSG mouse xenograft model with CNS involvement. Pharmacological blockade of the canonical BMP signaling pathway significantly decreased CNS infiltration and consistently resulted in amelioration of clinical parameters, including neurological score. Mechanistically, BMP4 favored chemoresistance, enhanced adhesion and migration through brain vascular endothelial cells, and promoted a proinflammatory microenvironment and CNS angiogenesis. These data provide evidence that BMP4 expression levels in leukemic cells could be a useful biomarker to identify children with poor outcomes in the low-/intermediate-risk groups of BCP-ALL and that BMP4 could be a new therapeutic target to blockade leukemic CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia M. Fernández-Sevilla
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Jaris Valencia
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Ortiz-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Fraile-Ramos
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Zuluaga
- Statistics and Operations Research Department, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Jiménez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Sacedón
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María V. Martínez-Sánchez
- Immunology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrrixaca (HCUVA) and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Marusa Debeljak
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Birthe Fedders
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Stanulla
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Denis Schewe
- Department of Pediatrics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Cario
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alfredo Minguela
- Immunology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrrixaca (HCUVA) and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Ramírez
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Advanced Therapies Unit, Niño Jesús University Children's Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Varas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Vicente
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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Zanetti SR, Romecin PA, Vinyoles M, Juan M, Fuster JL, Cámos M, Querol S, Delgado M, Menendez P. Bone marrow MSC from pediatric patients with B-ALL highly immunosuppress T-cell responses but do not compromise CD19-CAR T-cell activity. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-001419. [PMID: 32868394 PMCID: PMC7462245 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although adoptive transfer of CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells (CD19-CAR T-cells) achieves high rates of complete response in patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), relapse is common. Bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSC) are key components of the hematopoietic niche and are implicated in B-ALL pathogenesis and therapy resistance. MSC exert an immunosuppressive effect on T-cells; however, their impact on CD19-CAR T-cell activity is understudied. Methods We performed a detailed characterization of BM-MSC from pediatric patients with B-ALL (B-ALL BM-MSC), evaluated their immunomodulatory properties and their impact on CD19-CAR T-cell activity in vitro using microscopy, qRT-PCR, ELISA, flow cytometry analysis and in vivo using a preclinical model of severe colitis and a B-ALL xenograft model. Results While B-ALL BM-MSC were less proliferative than those from age-matched healthy donors (HD), the morphology, immunophenotype, differentiation potential and chemoprotection was very similar. Likewise, both BM-MSC populations were equally immunosuppressive in vitro and anti-inflammatory in an in vivo model of severe colitis. Interestingly, BM-MSC failed to impair CD19-CAR T-cell cytotoxicity or cytokine production in vitro using B-ALL cell lines and primary B-ALL cells. Finally, the growth of NALM6 cells was controlled in vivo by CD19-CAR T-cells irrespective of the absence/presence of BM-MSC. Conclusions Collectively, our data demonstrate that pediatric B-ALL and HD BM-MSC equally immunosuppress T-cell responses but do not compromise CD19-CAR T-cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manel Juan
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico de Barcelona, Hospital Clínico de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Fuster
- Sección de Oncohematología Pediátrica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.,Instituto Murciano de Investigación biosanitaria, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mireia Cámos
- Hematology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mario Delgado
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain .,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Leukemia-Induced Cellular Senescence and Stemness Alterations in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Are Reversible upon Withdrawal of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158166. [PMID: 34360930 PMCID: PMC8348535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemic cell growth in the bone marrow (BM) induces a very stressful condition. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), a key component of this BM niche, are affected in several ways with unfavorable consequences on hematopoietic stem cells favoring leukemic cells. These alterations in MSC during B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) have not been fully studied. In this work, we have compared the modifications that occur in an in vitro leukemic niche (LN) with those observed in MSC isolated from B-ALL patients. MSC in this LN niche showed features of a senescence process, i.e., altered morphology, increased senescence-associated β-Galactosidase (SA-βGAL) activity, and upregulation of p53 and p21 (without p16 expression), cell-cycle arrest, reduced clonogenicity, and some moderated changes in stemness properties. Importantly, almost all of these features were found in MSC isolated from B-ALL patients. These alterations rendered B-ALL cells susceptible to the chemotherapeutic agent dexamethasone. The senescent process seems to be transient since when leukemic cells are removed, normal MSC morphology is re-established, SA-βGAL expression is diminished, and MSC are capable of re-entering cell cycle. In addition, few cells showed low γH2AX phosphorylation that was reduced to basal levels upon cultivation. The reversibility of the senescent process in MSC must impinge important biological and clinical significance depending on cell interactions in the bone marrow at different stages of disease progression in B-ALL.
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Leguit RJ, Raymakers RAP, Hebeda KM, Goldschmeding R. CCN2 (Cellular Communication Network factor 2) in the bone marrow microenvironment, normal and malignant hematopoiesis. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:25-56. [PMID: 33428075 PMCID: PMC7798015 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CCN2, formerly termed Connective Tissue Growth Factor, is a protein belonging to the Cellular Communication Network (CCN)-family of secreted extracellular matrix-associated proteins. As a matricellular protein it is mainly considered to be active as a modifier of signaling activity of several different signaling pathways and as an orchestrator of their cross-talk. Furthermore, CCN2 and its fragments have been implicated in the regulation of a multitude of biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, cell survival, apoptosis and the production of extracellular matrix products, as well as in more complex processes such as embryonic development, angiogenesis, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, fibrosis, mechanotransduction and inflammation. Its function is complex and context dependent, depending on cell type, state of differentiation and microenvironmental context. CCN2 plays a role in many diseases, especially those associated with fibrosis, but has also been implicated in many different forms of cancer. In the bone marrow (BM), CCN2 is highly expressed in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). CCN2 is important for MSC function, supporting its proliferation, migration and differentiation. In addition, stromal CCN2 supports the maintenance and longtime survival of hematopoietic stem cells, and in the presence of interleukin 7, stimulates the differentiation of pro-B lymphocytes into pre-B lymphocytes. Overexpression of CCN2 is seen in the majority of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemias, especially in certain cytogenetic subgroups associated with poor outcome. In acute myeloid leukemia, CCN2 expression is increased in MSCs, which has been associated with leukemic engraftment in vivo. In this review, the complex function of CCN2 in the BM microenvironment and in normal as well as malignant hematopoiesis is discussed. In addition, an overview is given of data on the remaining CCN family members regarding normal and malignant hematopoiesis, having many similarities and some differences in their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roos J. Leguit
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, H04-312, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Reinier A. P. Raymakers
- Department of Hematology, UMCU Cancer Center, Heidelberglaan 100 B02.226, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Konnie M. Hebeda
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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8
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Regev O, Kidan N, Nicola M, Khamisie H, Ruthardt M, Mahajna J. Mesenchymal soluble factors confer imatinib drug resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:266-274. [PMID: 33488882 PMCID: PMC7811319 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.101042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Regev
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Noa Kidan
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Meshel Nicola
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Hazem Khamisie
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Martin Ruthardt
- Department of Hematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, and Experimental Clinical Medical Center (ECMC), Medical School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jamal Mahajna
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
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Cancilla D, Rettig MP, DiPersio JF. Targeting CXCR4 in AML and ALL. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1672. [PMID: 33014834 PMCID: PMC7499473 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) blasts with the bone marrow microenvironment regulates self-renewal, growth signaling, as well as chemotherapy resistance. The chemokine receptor, CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4), with its ligand chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), plays a key role in the survival and migration of normal and malignant stem cells to the bone marrow. High expression of CXCR4 on AML and ALL blasts has been shown to be a predictor of poor prognosis for these diseases. Several small molecule inhibitors, short peptides, antibodies, and antibody drug conjugates have been developed for the purposes of more effective targeting and killing of malignant cells expressing CXCR4. In this review we will discuss recent results and strategies in targeting CXCR4 with these agents in patients with AML or ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John F. DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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10
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Targeting cyclooxygenase by indomethacin decelerates progression of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a xenograft model. Blood Adv 2020; 3:3181-3190. [PMID: 31698450 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) develops in the bone marrow in the vicinity of stromal cells known to promote tumor development and treatment resistance. We previously showed that the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin prevents the ability of stromal cells to diminish p53-mediated killing of cocultured ALL cells in vitro, possibly by blocking the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Here, we propose that PGE2 released by bone marrow stromal cells might be a target for improved treatment of pediatric ALL. We used a xenograft model of human primary ALL cells in nonobese diabetic-scid IL2rγnull mice to show that indomethacin delivered in the drinking water delayed the progression of ALL in vivo. The progression was monitored by noninvasive in vivo imaging of the engrafted leukemic cells, as well as by analyses of CD19+CD10+ leukemic blasts present in spleen or bone marrow at the termination of the experiments. The indomethacin treatment increased the level of p53 in the leukemic cells, implying that COX inhibition might reduce progression of ALL by attenuating protective paracrine PGE2 signaling from bone marrow stroma to leukemic cells.
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11
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Wang S, Wang X, Liu S, Zhang S, Wei X, Song Y, Yin Q. The CXCR4 Antagonist, AMD3100, Reverses Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Drug Resistance in Relapsed/Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6583-6591. [PMID: 32753894 PMCID: PMC7352451 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s249425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role of the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in chemotherapy resistance in refractory/relapsed (R/R) ALL patients. Methods CXCR4 expression on ALL cells from newly diagnosed or R/R ALL patients were detected using flow cytometry. The CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling pathway was blocked by the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 in a co-culture model of primary drug-resistant ALL cells and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs). Surface CXCR4 expression, apoptosis rate, and apoptosis-related protein expression in primary ALL cells under various treatments were detected. Results Of the 37 ALL patients examined, CXCR4 expression was higher in R/R patients than that in those with newly diagnosed disease. Similarly, in in vitro co-cultures of drug-resistant ALL cells with UCMSCs, the expression of CXCR4 was increased in the presence of vincristine (VCR), but reduced when VCR was combined with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100. Additionally, the supernatants of ALL-UCMSC co-cultures contained high CXCL12 concentrations, which were upregulated by VCR and significantly decreased by the combination of VCR plus AMD3100. Furthermore, the apoptosis rate of ALL cells significantly decreased, Bax expression was downregulated, and Bcl-2 was upregulated when ALL was co-cultured with UCMSCs compared with ALL cells alone. With the addition of VCR, the apoptosis rate mildly increased, Bax was upregulated, and Bcl-2 was downregulated. Nevertheless, the above results were further intensified, particularly Bax expression, when VCR was combined with AMD3100. Conclusion The CXCR4 antagonist could effectively reverse MSC-mediated drug resistance by blocking the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis and sensitizing leukemic cells from R/R ALL patients to chemotherapy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojiao Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Wei
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Yin
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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12
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Du W, Lu C, Zhu X, Hu D, Chen X, Li J, Liu W, Zhu J, He Y, Yao J. Prognostic significance of CXCR4 expression in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Med 2019; 8:6595-6603. [PMID: 31518054 PMCID: PMC6825984 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CXCR4 chemokine receptors play an important role in leukemia proliferation, extramedullary migration, infiltration, adhesion, and resistance to chemotherapy drugs. Methods The CXCR4 expression by flow cytometry in 122 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients between 2010 and 2014 was analyzed. Results The expression of CXCR4 in AML‐M4/M5 was found to be significantly higher than that of other subtypes according to both FAB subtype and WHO classification. The FLT3‐ITD mutant was significantly higher in high CXCR4 expression group (P = .0086). Our data also showed that CXCR4 expression was correlated with CD64 expression. Low CXCR4 expression on AML cells was associated with better prognosis, and the median overall survival (OS) for low CXCR4 expression patients was 318 days, compared with 206 days for patients with high CXCR4 expression (P = .045). Multivariate analysis revealed that CXCR4 expression, age, and extramedullary infiltration were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that CXCR4 expression in AML was an independent prognostic predictor for disease survival that could be rapidly and easily determined by flow cytometry at disease presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Du
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Lu
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyun Zhu
- Neonatal Screening Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Hu
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanli He
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junxia Yao
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Cells Impair Dendritic Cell and Macrophage Differentiation: Role of BMP4. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070722. [PMID: 31337120 PMCID: PMC6679123 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells and macrophages are common components of the tumour immune microenvironment and can contribute to immune suppression in both solid and haematological cancers. The Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) pathway has been reported to be involved in cancer, and more recently in leukaemia development and progression. In the present study, we analyse whether acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cells can affect the differentiation of dendritic cells and macrophages and the involvement of BMP pathway in the process. We show that ALL cells produce BMP4 and that conditioned media from ALL cells promote the generation of dendritic cells with immunosuppressive features and skew M1-like macrophage polarization towards a less pro-inflammatory phenotype. Likewise, BMP4 overexpression in ALL cells potentiates their ability to induce immunosuppressive dendritic cells and favours the generation of M2-like macrophages with pro-tumoral features. These results suggest that BMP4 is in part responsible for the alterations in dendritic cell and macrophage differentiation produced by ALL cells.
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14
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Cheung LC, Tickner J, Hughes AM, Skut P, Howlett M, Foley B, Oommen J, Wells JE, He B, Singh S, Chua GA, Ford J, Mullighan CG, Kotecha RS, Kees UR. New therapeutic opportunities from dissecting the pre-B leukemia bone marrow microenvironment. Leukemia 2018; 32:2326-2338. [PMID: 29740160 PMCID: PMC6224400 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironments of leukemia and cancer are critical for multiple stages of malignancies, and they are an attractive therapeutic target. While skeletal abnormalities are commonly seen in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) prior to initiating osteotoxic therapy, little is known about the alterations to the bone marrow microenvironment during leukemogenesis. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the development of precursor-B cell ALL (pre-B ALL) in an immunocompetent BCR-ABL1+ model. Here we show that hematopoiesis was perturbed, B lymphopoiesis was impaired, collagen production was reduced, and the number of osteoblastic cells was decreased in the bone marrow microenvironment. As previously found in children with ALL, the leukemia-bearing mice exhibited severe bone loss during leukemogenesis. Leukemia cells produced high levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), sufficient to cause osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. In vivo administration of zoledronic acid rescued leukemia-induced bone loss, reduced disease burden and prolonged survival in leukemia-bearing mice. Taken together, we provide evidence that targeting leukemia-induced bone loss is a therapeutic strategy for pre-B ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence C Cheung
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anastasia M Hughes
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Patrycja Skut
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Meegan Howlett
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Bree Foley
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joyce Oommen
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Julia E Wells
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Bo He
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sajla Singh
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Grace-Alyssa Chua
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jette Ford
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Charles G Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rishi S Kotecha
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ursula R Kees
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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15
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Epidemiology and biology of relapse after stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2018; 53:1379-1389. [PMID: 29670211 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-018-0171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Zylbersztejn F, Flores-Violante M, Voeltzel T, Nicolini FE, Lefort S, Maguer-Satta V. The BMP pathway: A unique tool to decode the origin and progression of leukemia. Exp Hematol 2018; 61:36-44. [PMID: 29477370 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment (niche) governs the fate of stem cells (SCs) by balancing self-renewal and differentiation. Increasing evidence indicates that the tumor niche plays an active role in cancer, but its important properties for tumor initiation progression and resistance remain to be identified. Clinical data show that leukemic stem cell (LSC) survival is responsible for disease persistence and drug resistance, probably due to their sustained interactions with the tumor niche. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is a key pathway controlling stem cells and their niche. BMP2 and BMP4 are important in both the normal and the cancer context. Several studies have revealed profound alterations of the BMP signaling in cancer SCs, with major deregulations of the BMP receptors and their downstream signaling elements. This was illustrated in the hematopoietic system by pioneer studies in chronic myelogenous leukemia that may now be expanded to acute myeloid leukemia and lymphoid leukemia, as reviewed here. At diagnosis, cells from the leukemic microenvironment are the major providers of soluble BMPs. Conversely, LSCs display altered receptors and downstream BMP signaling elements accompanied by altered functional responses to BMPs. These studies reveal the role of BMPs in tumor initiation, in addition to their known effects in later stages of transformation and progression. They also reveal the importance of BMPs in fueling cell transformation and expansion by overamplifying a natural SC response. This mechanism may explain the survival of LSCs independently of the initial oncogenic event and therefore may be involved in resistance processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Zylbersztejn
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France; Department of Signaling of Tumor Escape, Lyon, France
| | - Mario Flores-Violante
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France; Department of Signaling of Tumor Escape, Lyon, France
| | - Thibault Voeltzel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France; Department of Signaling of Tumor Escape, Lyon, France
| | - Franck-Emmanuel Nicolini
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France; Department of Signaling of Tumor Escape, Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Sylvain Lefort
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France; Department of Signaling of Tumor Escape, Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Maguer-Satta
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France; Department of Signaling of Tumor Escape, Lyon, France.
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17
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Elder A, Bomken S, Wilson I, Blair HJ, Cockell S, Ponthan F, Dormon K, Pal D, Heidenreich O, Vormoor J. Abundant and equipotent founder cells establish and maintain acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Leukemia 2017; 31:2577-2586. [PMID: 28487542 PMCID: PMC5558874 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High frequencies of blasts in primary acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) samples have the potential to induce leukaemia and to engraft mice. However, it is unclear how individual ALL cells each contribute to drive leukaemic development in a bulk transplant and the extent to which these blasts vary functionally. We used cellular barcoding as a fate mapping tool to track primograft ALL blasts in vivo. Our results show that high numbers of ALL founder cells contribute at similar frequencies to leukaemic propagation over serial transplants, without any clear evidence of clonal succession. These founder cells also exhibit equal capacity to home and engraft to different organs, although stochastic processes may alter the composition in restrictive niches. Our findings enhance the stochastic stem cell model of ALL by demonstrating equal functional abilities of singular ALL blasts and show that successful treatment strategies must eradicate the entire leukaemic cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elder
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S Bomken
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology and Oncology, Great North Children’s Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - I Wilson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - H J Blair
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S Cockell
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - F Ponthan
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - K Dormon
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D Pal
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - O Heidenreich
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Vormoor
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology and Oncology, Great North Children’s Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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18
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Barwe SP, Quagliano A, Gopalakrishnapillai A. Eviction from the sanctuary: Development of targeted therapy against cell adhesion molecules in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Semin Oncol 2017; 44:101-112. [PMID: 28923207 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant hematological disease afflicting hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. While 80%-90% of patients diagnosed with ALL will achieve complete remission at some point during treatment, ALL is associated with high relapse rate, with a 5-year overall survival rate of 68%. The initial remission failure and the high rate of relapse can be attributed to intrinsic chemoprotective mechanisms that allow persistence of ALL cells despite therapy. These mechanisms are mediated, at least in part, through the engagement of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) within the bone marrow microenvironment. This review assembles CAMs implicated in protection of leukemic cells from chemotherapy. Such studies are limited in ALL. Therefore, CAMs that are associated with poor outcomes or are overexpressed in ALL and have been shown to be involved in chemoprotection in other hematological cancers are also included. It is likely that these molecules play parallel roles in ALL because the CAMs identified to be a factor in ALL chemoresistance also work similarly in other hematological malignancies. We review the signaling mechanisms activated by the engagement of CAMs that provide protection from chemotherapy. Development of targeted therapies against CAMs could improve outcome and raise the overall cure rate in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali P Barwe
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE.
| | - Anthony Quagliano
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
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19
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Bürgler S, Nadal D. Pediatric precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia: are T helper cells the missing link in the infectious etiology theory? Mol Cell Pediatr 2017; 4:6. [PMID: 28508352 PMCID: PMC5432458 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-017-0072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), the most common childhood malignancy, arises from an expansion of malignant B cell precursors in the bone marrow. Epidemiological studies suggest that infections or immune responses to infections may promote such an expansion and thus BCP-ALL development. Nevertheless, a specific pathogen responsible for this process has not been identified. BCP-ALL cells critically depend on interactions with the bone marrow microenvironment. The bone marrow is also home to memory T helper (Th) cells that have previously expanded during an immune response in the periphery. In secondary lymphoid organs, Th cells can interact with malignant cells of mature B cell origin, while such interactions between Th cells and malignant immature B cell in the bone marrow have not been described yet. Nevertheless, literature supports a model where Th cells—expanded during an infection in early childhood—migrate to the bone marrow and support BCP-ALL cells as they support normal B cells. Further research is required to mechanistically confirm this model and to elucidate the interaction pathways between leukemia cells and cells of the tumor microenvironment. As benefit, targeting these interactions could be included in current treatment regimens to increase therapeutic efficiency and to reduce relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bürgler
- Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research, University Children's Hospital Zürich, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - David Nadal
- Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research, University Children's Hospital Zürich, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland
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20
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Ebinger S, Özdemir EZ, Ziegenhain C, Tiedt S, Castro Alves C, Grunert M, Dworzak M, Lutz C, Turati VA, Enver T, Horny HP, Sotlar K, Parekh S, Spiekermann K, Hiddemann W, Schepers A, Polzer B, Kirsch S, Hoffmann M, Knapp B, Hasenauer J, Pfeifer H, Panzer-Grümayer R, Enard W, Gires O, Jeremias I. Characterization of Rare, Dormant, and Therapy-Resistant Cells in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:849-862. [PMID: 27916615 PMCID: PMC5156313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor relapse is associated with dismal prognosis, but responsible biological principles remain incompletely understood. To isolate and characterize relapse-inducing cells, we used genetic engineering and proliferation-sensitive dyes in patient-derived xenografts of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We identified a rare subpopulation that resembled relapse-inducing cells with combined properties of long-term dormancy, treatment resistance, and stemness. Single-cell and bulk expression profiling revealed their similarity to primary ALL cells isolated from pediatric and adult patients at minimal residual disease (MRD). Therapeutically adverse characteristics were reversible, as resistant, dormant cells became sensitive to treatment and started proliferating when dissociated from the in vivo environment. Our data suggest that ALL patients might profit from therapeutic strategies that release MRD cells from the niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ebinger
- Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Erbey Ziya Özdemir
- Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Ziegenhain
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Department Biology II, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sebastian Tiedt
- Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Catarina Castro Alves
- Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Grunert
- Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Dworzak
- Children's Cancer Research Institute and St. Anna Kinderspital, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Lutz
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Tariq Enver
- University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E, UK
| | - Hans-Peter Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Swati Parekh
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Department Biology II, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Karsten Spiekermann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partnering Site, Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hiddemann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partnering Site, Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Aloys Schepers
- Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Polzer
- Project Group Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kirsch
- Project Group Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hoffmann
- Project Group Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Knapp
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München (TUM), 85748 Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Pfeifer
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Renate Panzer-Grümayer
- Children's Cancer Research Institute and St. Anna Kinderspital, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Enard
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Department Biology II, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Olivier Gires
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Irmela Jeremias
- Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), 81377 Munich, Germany; German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partnering Site, Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University München, 80337 Munich, Germany.
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21
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Slone WL, Moses BS, Evans R, Piktel D, Martin KH, Petros W, Craig M, Gibson LF. Modeling Chemotherapy Resistant Leukemia In Vitro. J Vis Exp 2016:e53645. [PMID: 26891147 DOI: 10.3791/53645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the bone marrow microenvironment provides a unique site of sanctuary for hematopoietic diseases that both initiate and progress in this site. The model presented in the current report utilizes human primary bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts as two representative cell types from the marrow niche that influence tumor cell phenotype. The in vitro co-culture conditions described for human leukemic cells with these primary niche components support the generation of a chemoresistant subpopulation of tumor cells that can be efficiently recovered from culture for analysis by diverse techniques. A strict feeding schedule to prevent nutrient fluxes followed by gel type 10 cross-linked dextran (G10) particles recovery of the population of tumor cells that have migrated beneath the adherent bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) or osteoblasts (OB) generating a "phase dim" (PD) population of tumor cells, provides a consistent source of purified therapy resistant leukemic cells. This clinically relevant population of tumor cells can be evaluated by standard methods to investigate apoptotic, metabolic, and cell cycle regulatory pathways as well as providing a more rigorous target in which to test novel therapeutic strategies prior to pre-clinical investigations targeted at minimal residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Slone
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine
| | - Blake S Moses
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine
| | - Rebecca Evans
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine
| | - Debbie Piktel
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine
| | - Karen H Martin
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine
| | - William Petros
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine
| | - Michael Craig
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine
| | - Laura F Gibson
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine;
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22
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High expression of connective tissue growth factor accelerates dissemination of leukaemia. Oncogene 2016; 35:4591-600. [PMID: 26804166 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To improve treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), a better understanding of disease development is needed to tailor new therapies. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is highly expressed in leukaemia cells from the majority of paediatric patients with B-lineage ALL (pre-B ALL). CTGF is a matricellular protein and plays a role in aggressive cancers. Here we have genetically engineered leukaemia cells to modulate CTGF expression levels. Elevated CTGF levels accelerated disease dissemination and reduced survival in NOD/SCID mice. In vitro studies showed that CTGF protein induces stromal cell proliferation, promotes adhesion of leukaemia cells to stromal cells and leads to overexpression of genes associated with cell cycle and synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM). Corresponding data from our leukaemia xenograft models demonstrated that CTGF leads to increased proliferation of non-leukaemia cells and deposition of ECM in the bone marrow. We document for the first time a functional role of CTGF in altering disease progression in a lymphoid malignancy. The findings provide support for targeting the bone marrow microenvironment in aggressive forms of leukaemia.
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23
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Moses BS, Slone WL, Thomas P, Evans R, Piktel D, Angel PM, Walsh CM, Cantrell PS, Rellick SL, Martin KH, Simpkins JW, Gibson LF. Bone marrow microenvironment modulation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia phenotype. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:50-9.e1-2. [PMID: 26407636 PMCID: PMC4684957 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment regimens have dramatically improved the survival of ALL patients. However, chemoresistant minimal residual disease that persists following cessation of therapy contributes to aggressive relapse. The bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) is an established "site of sanctuary" for ALL, as well as myeloid-lineage hematopoietic disease, with signals in this unique anatomic location contributing to drug resistance. Several models have been developed to recapitulate the interactions between the BMM and ALL cells. However, many in vitro models fail to accurately reflect the level of protection afforded to the most resistant subset of leukemic cells during coculture with BMM elements. Preclinical in vivo models have advantages, but can be costly, and are often not fully informed by optimal in vitro studies. We describe an innovative extension of 2-D coculture wherein ALL cells uniquely interact with bone marrow-derived stromal cells. Tumor cells in this model bury beneath primary human bone marrow-derived stromal cells or osteoblasts, termed "phase dim" ALL, and exhibit a unique phenotype characterized by altered metabolism, distinct protein expression profiles, increased quiescence, and pronounced chemotherapy resistance. Investigation focused on the phase dim subpopulation may more efficiently inform preclinical design and investigation of the minimal residual disease and relapse that arise from BMM-supported leukemic tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake S Moses
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - William L Slone
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Patrick Thomas
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Rebecca Evans
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Debbie Piktel
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | | | | | | | - Stephanie L Rellick
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Karen H Martin
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - James W Simpkins
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Laura F Gibson
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morganstown, WV.
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Cardoso BA, Belo H, Barata JT, Almeida AM. The Bone Marrow-Mediated Protection of Myeloproliferative Neoplastic Cells to Vorinostat and Ruxolitinib Relies on the Activation of JNK and PI3K Signalling Pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143897. [PMID: 26623653 PMCID: PMC4666616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The classical BCR-ABL-negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) are a group of heterogeneous haematological diseases characterized by constitutive JAK-STAT pathway activation. Targeted therapy with Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2-specific inhibitor, achieves symptomatic improvement but does not eliminate the neoplastic clone. Similar effects are seen with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), albeit with poorer tolerance. Here, we show that bone marrow (BM) stromal cells (HS-5) protected MPN-derived cell lines (SET-2; HEL and UKE-1) and MPN patient-derived BM cells from the cytotoxic effects of Ruxolitinib and the HDACi Vorinostat. This protective effect was mediated, at least in part, by the secretion of soluble factors from the BM stroma. In addition, it correlated with the activation of signalling pathways important for cellular homeostasis, such as JAK-STAT, PI3K, JNK, MEK-ERK and NF-κB. Importantly, the pharmacological inhibition of JNK and PI3K pathways completely abrogated the BM protective effect on MPN cell lines and MPN patient samples. Our findings shed light on mechanisms of tumour survival and may indicate novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno A. Cardoso
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa—Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hélio Belo
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa—Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João T. Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António M. Almeida
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa—Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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25
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Jones CL, Gearheart CM, Fosmire S, Delgado-Martin C, Evensen NA, Bride K, Waanders AJ, Pais F, Wang J, Bhatla T, Bitterman DS, de Rijk SR, Bourgeois W, Dandekar S, Park E, Burleson TM, Madhusoodhan PP, Teachey DT, Raetz EA, Hermiston ML, Müschen M, Loh ML, Hunger SP, Zhang J, Garabedian MJ, Porter CC, Carroll WL. MAPK signaling cascades mediate distinct glucocorticoid resistance mechanisms in pediatric leukemia. Blood 2015; 126:2202-12. [PMID: 26324703 PMCID: PMC4635116 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-04-639138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcome for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients who relapse is dismal. A hallmark of relapsed disease is acquired resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic agents, particularly glucocorticoids. In this study, we performed a genome-scale short hairpin RNA screen to identify mediators of prednisolone sensitivity in ALL cell lines. The incorporation of these data with an integrated analysis of relapse-specific genetic and epigenetic changes allowed us to identify the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway as a mediator of prednisolone resistance in pediatric ALL. We show that knockdown of the specific MAPK pathway members MEK2 and MEK4 increased sensitivity to prednisolone through distinct mechanisms. MEK4 knockdown increased sensitivity specifically to prednisolone by increasing the levels of the glucocorticoid receptor. MEK2 knockdown increased sensitivity to all chemotherapy agents tested by increasing the levels of p53. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inhibition of MEK1/2 with trametinib increased sensitivity of ALL cells and primary samples to chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. To confirm a role for MAPK signaling in patients with relapsed ALL, we measured the activation of the MEK1/2 target ERK in matched diagnosis-relapse primary samples and observed increased phosphorylated ERK levels at relapse. Furthermore, relapse samples have an enhanced response to MEK inhibition compared to matched diagnosis samples in xenograft models. Together, our data indicate that inhibition of the MAPK pathway increases chemosensitivity to glucocorticoids and possibly other agents and that the MAPK pathway is an attractive target for prevention and/or treatment of relapsed disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L Jones
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Christy M Gearheart
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Susan Fosmire
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Nikki A Evensen
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Karen Bride
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Angela J Waanders
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Faye Pais
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Teena Bhatla
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Danielle S Bitterman
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Simone R de Rijk
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Wallace Bourgeois
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Smita Dandekar
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Eugene Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Tamara M Burleson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | - David T Teachey
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elizabeth A Raetz
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Michelle L Hermiston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Markus Müschen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mignon L Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and
| | - Michael J Garabedian
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - William L Carroll
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
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26
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Wells JE, Howlett M, Cheung LC, Kees UR. The role of CCN family genes in haematological malignancies. J Cell Commun Signal 2015; 9:267-78. [PMID: 26026820 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-015-0296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematological malignancies, although a broad range of specific disease types, continue to show considerable overlap in classification, and patients are treated using similar chemotherapy regimes. In this review we look at the role of the CCN family of matricellular proteins and indicate their role in nine haematological malignancies including both myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms. The potential for further haematological neoplasms with CCN family associations is argued by summarising the demonstrated role of CCN family genes in the differentiation of haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and mesenchymal stem cells. The expanding field of knowledge encompassing CCN family genes and cancers of the HSC-lineage highlights the importance of extracellular matrix-interactions in both normal physiology and tumorigenesis of the blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Wells
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, PO Box 855 West Perth, Perth, Western Australia, 6872, Australia
| | - M Howlett
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, PO Box 855 West Perth, Perth, Western Australia, 6872, Australia
| | - L C Cheung
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, PO Box 855 West Perth, Perth, Western Australia, 6872, Australia
| | - Ursula R Kees
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, PO Box 855 West Perth, Perth, Western Australia, 6872, Australia.
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27
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Mazur G, Butrym A, Kryczek I, Dlubek D, Jaskula E, Lange A, Kuliczkowski K, Jelen M. Decreased expression of CXCR4 chemokine receptor in bone marrow after chemotherapy in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas is a good prognostic factor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98194. [PMID: 24859274 PMCID: PMC4032278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CXCR4 chemokine receptor is constitutively expressed on normal and malignant B lymphocytes derived from patients with B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders and has a significant role in cell migration to lymph nodes and bone marrow. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) constitute a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative diseases, which can localize not only to lymph nodes, but also can migrate to peripheral blood and metastase to other organs, including bone marrow. Aim The purpose of this study was to determine CXCR4 gene expression in peripheral blood and bone marrow of NHL patients before and after treatment. Methods Samples of lymphoma lymph nodes, peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirates of patients with B-cell NHL were taken at diagnosis and after chemotherapy. Gene expression was determined by the reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction method. Expression was estimated from 0 AU (no amplificate signal) to 3 AU (maximal amplificate signal). Results No significant difference in the level of CXCR4 expression was found in reactive lymph nodes compared to lymphoma samples We observed high level of CXCR4 expression in most patients before treatment: in bone marrow: 3 AU-10 pts, 2 AU–8 pts, 1 AU–2 pts. In peripheral blood: 3 AU–14 pts, 2 AU–4 pts, 1 AU–1 pts, 0 AU–1 pts. After chemotherapy, significant decrease in CXCR4 expression was observed. Bone marrow: 3 AU–5 pts, 2 AU–7 pts, 1 AU–5 pts, 0 AU–3 pts (p = 0.03). Peripheral blood: 3 AU–2 pts, 2 AU–6 pts, 1 AU–10 pts, 0 AU–2 pts (p = 0.0002). There was a good response to treatment in patients with significant decrease of CXCR4 expression in the bone marrow after treatment with 10-fold lower risk of death (p = 0.03). Conclusions Decrease in CXCR4 expression in the bone marrow of NHL patients after chemotherapy may be a good prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Mazur
- Dept. of Internal and Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Butrym
- Dept. of Haematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Physiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Ilona Kryczek
- Department of Clinical Immunology, L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Dlubek
- Department of Clinical Immunology, L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Jaskula
- Department of Clinical Immunology, L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lange
- Department of Clinical Immunology, L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Kuliczkowski
- Dept. of Haematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michal Jelen
- Division of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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28
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Zhang Y, Hu K, Hu Y, Liu L, Wang B, Huang H. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells affect the cell cycle arrest effect of genotoxic agents on acute lymphocytic leukemia cells via p21 down-regulation. Ann Hematol 2014; 93:1499-508. [PMID: 24705889 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-014-2069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of bone marrow microenvironment on the cell cycle of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, we found that in normal condition, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) had no significant effect on the cell cycle and apoptosis of ALL; in the condition when the cell cycle of ALL was blocked by genotoxic agents, BM-MSCs could increase the S-phase cell ratio and decrease the G2/M phase ratio of ALL. Besides, BM-MSCs could protect ALL cells from drug-induced apoptosis. Then, we proved that BM-MSCs affect the cell cycle arrest effect of genotoxic agents on ALL cells via p21 down-regulation. Moreover, our results indicated that activation of Wnt/β-catenin and Erk pathways might be involved in the BM-MSC-induced down-regulation of p21 in ALL cells. Targeting microenvironment-related signaling pathway may therefore be a potential novel approach for ALL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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29
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Ran Q, Hao P, Xiao Y, Xiang L, Ye X, Deng X, Zhao J, Li Z. CRIF1 interacting with CDK2 regulates bone marrow microenvironment-induced G0/G1 arrest of leukemia cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85328. [PMID: 24520316 PMCID: PMC3919709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the level of CR6-interacting factor 1 (CRIF1), a cell cycle negative regulator, in patients with leukemia and investigate the role of CRIF1 in regulating leukemia cell cycle. Methods We compared the CRIF1 level in bone marrow (BM) samples from healthy and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and AML-complete remission (AML-CR) subjects. We also manipulated CRIF1 level in the Jurkat cells using lentivirus-mediated overexpression or siRNA-mediated depletion. Co-culture with the BM stromal cells (BMSCs) was used to induce leukemia cell cycle arrest and mimic the BM microenvironment. Results We found significant decreases of CRIF1 mRNA and protein in the AML group. CRIF1 overexpression increased the proportion of Jurkat cells arrested in G0/G1, while depletion of endogenous CRIF1 decreased cell cycle arrest. Depletion of CRIF1 reversed BMSCs induced cell cycle arrest in leukemia cells. Co-immunoprecipitation showed a specific binding of CDK2 to CRIF1 in Jurkat cells during cell cycle arrest. Co-localization of two proteins in both nucleus and cytoplasm was also observed with immunofluorescent staining. Conclusion CRIF1 may play a regulatory role in the BM microenvironment-induced leukemia cell cycle arrest possibly through interacting with CDK2 and acting as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ran
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Hao
- Oncologic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanni Xiao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixing Xiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingde Ye
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojun Deng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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30
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Lu H, Kojima K, Battula VL, Korchin B, Shi Y, Chen Y, Spong S, Thomas DA, Kantarjian H, Lock RB, Andreeff M, Konopleva M. Targeting connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia preclinical models: anti-CTGF monoclonal antibody attenuates leukemia growth. Ann Hematol 2013; 93:485-492. [PMID: 24154679 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is involved in extracellular matrix production, tumor cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and metastasis. Recent studies have shown that CTGF expression is elevated in precursor B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and that increased expression of CTGF is associated with inferior outcome in B-ALL. In this study, we characterized the functional role and downstream signaling pathways of CTGF in ALL cells. First, we utilized lentiviral shRNA to knockdown CTGF in RS4;11 and REH ALL cells expressing high levels of CTGF mRNA. Silencing of CTGF resulted in significant suppression of leukemia cell growth compared to control vector, which was associated with AKT/mTOR inactivation and increased levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27. CTGF knockdown sensitized ALL cells to vincristine and methotrexate. Treatment with an anti-CTGF monoclonal antibody, FG-3019, significantly prolonged survival of mice injected with primary xenograft B-ALL cells when co-treated with conventional chemotherapy (vincristine, L-asparaginase and dexamethasone). Data suggest that CTGF represents a targetable molecular aberration in B-ALL, and blocking CTGF signaling in conjunction with administration of chemotherapy may represent a novel therapeutic approach for ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Lu
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kensuke Kojima
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Venkata Lokesh Battula
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Borys Korchin
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yuexi Shi
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ye Chen
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Deborah A Thomas
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Richard B Lock
- Leukemia Biology, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Randwick, Australia
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Wu KN, Zhao YM, He Y, Wang BS, Du KL, Fu S, Hu KM, Zhang LF, Liu LZ, Hu YX, Wang YJ, Huang H. Rapamycin interacts synergistically with idarubicin to induce T-leukemia cell apoptosis in vitro and in a mesenchymal stem cell simulated drug-resistant microenvironment via Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin and extracellular signal-related kinase signaling pathways. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:668-76. [PMID: 23741975 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.811579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALLs) are clonal lymphoid malignancies with a poor prognosis, and still a lack of effective treatment. Here we examined the interactions between the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin and idarubicin (IDA) in a series of human T-ALL cell lines Molt-4, Jurkat, CCRF-CEM and CEM/C1. Co-exposure of cells to rapamycin and IDA synergistically induced T-ALL cell growth inhibition and apoptosis mediated by caspase activation via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway and extrinsic pathway. Combined treatment with rapamycin and IDA down-regulated Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, and inhibited the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mTOR and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK). They also played synergistic pro-apoptotic roles in the drug-resistant microenvironment simulated by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a feeder layer. In addition, MSCs protected T-ALL cells from IDA cytotoxicity by up-regulating ERK phosphorylation, while rapamycin efficiently reversed this protective effect. Taken together, we confirm the synergistic antitumor effects of rapamycin and IDA, and provide an insight into the potential future clinical applications of combined rapamycin-IDA regimens for treating T-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ni Wu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
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32
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Welch MD, Greene WK, Kees UR. Hypomethylation of the CTGF gene locus is a common feature of paediatric pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2013; 162:537-41. [PMID: 23772794 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The connective tissue growth factor gene (CTGF) is aberrantly expressed in 75% of precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (pre-B ALL) and is associated with poor outcome. We identified consistent hypomethylation of the CTGF locus in primary pre-B ALL specimens regardless of CTGF expression. By contrast, primary T-cell ALL specimens, which do not express CTGF, exhibited distinctive patterns of hypermethylation. Furthermore, we confirmed that global changes in DNA methylation and histone acetylation can both functionally modulate CTGF expression in pre-B ALL cell lines. These data suggest that hypomethylation of the CTGF locus is an essential prerequisite for aberrant CTGF expression in pre-B ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew D Welch
- Division of Children's Leukaemia and Cancer Research, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research and Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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33
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Purizaca J, Meza I, Pelayo R. Early lymphoid development and microenvironmental cues in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Arch Med Res 2012; 43:89-101. [PMID: 22480783 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a hematological disorder characterized by malignant and uncontrolled proliferation of B-lymphoid precursor cells in bone marrow. Over the last few years remarkable advances have been made in identifying genetic aberrations, patterns of abnormal transcriptional activity controlling early fate decisions and environmental cues that may influence leukemic development. In this review we focus on the structure of the early lymphoid system and the current knowledge about cell composition and function of the hematopoietic microenvironment that might control progenitor cell activity and lead to differentiation, proliferation and survival of developing B leukemic precursors. Learning the biology of special leukemic niches is central to understanding the pathogenesis of B-ALL and for the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Purizaca
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
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