Income and outcome in myelodysplastic syndrome: The prognostic impact of SES in a single-payer system

Socioeconomic position and clinical outcomes in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: A population-based cohort study

Low socioeconomic position (SEP) may be associated with adverse outcomes in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) inherent to for example, delayed diagnosis or reduced treatment intensity, but firm evidence is limited. In this study, we examined the association between SEP and clinical outcomes. We conducted a population-based cohort study (2010-2018) of 2233 Danish patients with MDS. SEP measures included individual-level information on education, cohabitation status and income retrieved from Statistics Denmark. Associations between SEP measures and disease severity at diagnosis were examined using binomial regression analysis. Using time-to-event analysis, we examined the association between SEP measures and treatment with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and death. Estimates were adjusted for covariates selected based on direct acyclic graphs and reported with 95% confidence intervals. Patients with a short education were more likely to be transfusion-dependent at diagnosis (RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04-1.45) and more likely to be diagnosed with higher risk MDS according to the International Prognostic Scoring System (RR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03-1.62), than patients with a long education. We found no clear association between SEP and risk of progression to AML. In adjusted models, the 1-year risk of dying was higher in patients with short versus long education (RR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.08-1.65), in patients with low versus high income (RR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.14-1.77), and among patients who lived alone compared to those who lived with a partner (RR = 1.15, 0.98-1.35). These associations persisted after 3 years and 5 years of follow-up. Notably, patients with a short education had a markedly lower rate of undergoing treatment with allo-HSCT compared to patients with a long education (HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.31-0.84). In conclusion, low SEP and especially short education, were poor prognostic factors for adverse clinical outcomes among patients with MDS.

Income, education and their impact on treatments and survival in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes

OBJECTIVES

To assess whether socioeconomic indices such as income and educational level can explain part of the variation in survival among patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, and further to assess whether these factors influence care and treatment decisions.

METHODS

Population-based cohort study on 2945 Swedish patients diagnosed between 2009 and 2018 and included in the Swedish MDS Register. Relative mortality was assessed by Cox regression, whereas treatment differences were assessed by Poisson regression. Regarding mortality, patients were also compared to a matched comparison group from the general population.

RESULTS

Mortality was 50% higher among patients in the lowest income category compared to the highest and 40% higher in patients with mandatory school education only compared to those with college or university education. Treatment with hypomethylating agents and allogeneic stem cell transplantation, as well as investigation with cytogenetic diagnostics were also linked to income and education. The findings were not explained by differences in risk class or comorbidity at the time of diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS

Income and education are linked to survival among patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Socioeconomic status also seems to influence treatment intensity as patients with less income and education to a lesser degree receive hypomethylating agents and transplants.