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Turbatu A, Dobrea C, Stoian M, Barta CT, Halcu G, Birceanu A, Bordea AM, Ghimici CG, Oprea MM, Neacșu LD, Lupu AR, Coliță A. Tumor microenvironment in Hodgkin lymphoma: novel prognostic factors for assessing disease evolution. J Med Life 2023; 16:1201-1210. [PMID: 38024830 PMCID: PMC10652678 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has become one of the most curable hematological neoplasia. Clinical and biological factors remain the main pillars guiding therapeutic strategies in HL. Recent studies have improved our understanding of the phenotype, the characteristics of histogenesis, and other possible mechanisms of lymphomagenesis, including the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Tumor cells manipulate the microenvironment, allowing them to develop their malignant phenotype and evade the attack of the host's immune response so that the interaction between tumor cells and the reactive microenvironment determines not only the histological features but also the clinical-pathological characteristics and prognosis of these patients - essential for the development of future therapies targeting various other cellular components of the tumor microenvironment. This article aimed to evaluate the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and malignant cells using histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques to highlight the association of EBV and to study the expression of characteristic antigens in malignant and non-malignant cells within the tumor mass (overexpression of BCL2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) in malignant cells, presence of PD1 (Programmed cell death Protein 1) on T lymphocytes, CD68+ macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, and presence of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor). The analysis of the data collected in this paper highlights several key parameters with prognostic value and statistical significance: the EBV infection at diagnosis, its association with low-intensity BCL2(+), the presence of CD68 with rosette formation, and the identification of specific vascularization patterns. The development of prognostic systems that take into account the integration of biological prognostic markers seems essential for a better risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Turbatu
- Department of Hematology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinic of Hematology, Colțea Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Dobrea
- Department of Hematology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- OncoTeam Diagnostic Laboratory, Royal Hospital Clinic, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marilena Stoian
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, Dr. I. Cantacuzino Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Tudor Barta
- Department of Hematology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgian Halcu
- Clinic of Pathology, Colțea Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- PathoTeam Diagnostic Laboratory, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Ana-Maria Bordea
- Clinic of Hematology, Colțea Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Livia Doria Neacșu
- Department of Hematology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinic of Hematology, Colțea Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca-Roxana Lupu
- Department of Hematology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinic of Hematology, Colțea Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Coliță
- Department of Hematology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinic of Hematology, Colțea Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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Flerlage JE, Myers JR, Maciaszek JL, Oak N, Rashkin SR, Hui Y, Wang YD, Chen W, Wu G, Chang TC, Hamilton K, Tithi SS, Goldin LR, Rotunno M, Caporaso N, Vogt A, Flamish D, Wyatt K, Liu J, Tucker M, Hahn CN, Brown AL, Scott HS, Mullighan C, Nichols KE, Metzger ML, McMaster ML, Yang JJ, Rampersaud E. Discovery of novel predisposing coding and noncoding variants in familial Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2023; 141:1293-1307. [PMID: 35977101 PMCID: PMC10082357 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial aggregation of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has been demonstrated in large population studies, pointing to genetic predisposition to this hematological malignancy. To understand the genetic variants associated with the development of HL, we performed whole genome sequencing on 234 individuals with and without HL from 36 pedigrees that had 2 or more first-degree relatives with HL. Our pedigree selection criteria also required at least 1 affected individual aged <21 years, with the median age at diagnosis of 21.98 years (3-55 years). Family-based segregation analysis was performed for the identification of coding and noncoding variants using linkage and filtering approaches. Using our tiered variant prioritization algorithm, we identified 44 HL-risk variants in 28 pedigrees, of which 33 are coding and 11 are noncoding. The top 4 recurrent risk variants are a coding variant in KDR (rs56302315), a 5' untranslated region variant in KLHDC8B (rs387906223), a noncoding variant in an intron of PAX5 (rs147081110), and another noncoding variant in an intron of GATA3 (rs3824666). A newly identified splice variant in KDR (c.3849-2A>C) was observed for 1 pedigree, and high-confidence stop-gain variants affecting IRF7 (p.W238∗) and EEF2KMT (p.K116∗) were also observed. Multiple truncating variants in POLR1E were found in 3 independent pedigrees as well. Whereas KDR and KLHDC8B have previously been reported, PAX5, GATA3, IRF7, EEF2KMT, and POLR1E represent novel observations. Although there may be environmental factors influencing lymphomagenesis, we observed segregation of candidate germline variants likely to predispose HL in most of the pedigrees studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E. Flerlage
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Jason R. Myers
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jamie L. Maciaszek
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Ninad Oak
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Sara R. Rashkin
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Yawei Hui
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Wenan Chen
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Gang Wu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Ti-Cheng Chang
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kayla Hamilton
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Saima S. Tithi
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Lynn R. Goldin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Melissa Rotunno
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Neil Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | - Jia Liu
- Leidos Biomedical, Inc, Frederick, MD
| | - Margaret Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christopher N. Hahn
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anna L. Brown
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hamish S. Scott
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Charles Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kim E. Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Monika L. Metzger
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Mary L. McMaster
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jun J. Yang
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Evadnie Rampersaud
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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Ribatti D, Tamma R, Annese T, Ingravallo G, Specchia G. Inflammatory microenvironment in classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma with special stress on mast cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:964573. [PMID: 36313712 PMCID: PMC9606700 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.964573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma (CHL) accounts for 10% of all lymphomas. Nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity accounts for nearly 80% of all CHL cases. The number of mast cells in CHL correlates with poor prognosis, is significantly higher in nodular sclerosis than in other CHL subtypes, and an association between the degree of angiogenesis and the number of intratumoral mast cells has been demonstrated in CHL. Even with the best available treatment, a significant percentage of CHL patients progress or relapse after first-line therapy. 50% of patients with disease relapse achieve subsequent long-term disease control with salvage therapies. In this context, new potential therapeutic opportunities are required, and mast cells may be regarded as a new target for adjuvant treatment of CHL through the inhibition of angiogenesis and tissue remodeling and allowing the secretion of cytotoxic cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Domenico Ribatti,
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Libera Università del Mediterraneo (LUM) Giuseppe Degennaro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Pathology Section, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgina Specchia
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Hematology Section, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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Al-Farsi H, Al-Azwani I, Malek JA, Chouchane L, Rafii A, Halabi NM. Discovery of new therapeutic targets in ovarian cancer through identifying significantly non-mutated genes. J Transl Med 2022; 20:244. [PMID: 35619151 PMCID: PMC9134657 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutated and non-mutated genes interact to drive cancer growth and metastasis. While research has focused on understanding the impact of mutated genes on cancer biology, understanding non-mutated genes that are essential to tumor development could lead to new therapeutic strategies. The recent advent of high-throughput whole genome sequencing being applied to many different samples has made it possible to calculate if genes are significantly non-mutated in a specific cancer patient cohort. METHODS We carried out random mutagenesis simulations of the human genome approximating the regions sequenced in the publicly available Cancer Growth Atlas Project for ovarian cancer (TCGA-OV). Simulated mutations were compared to the observed mutations in the TCGA-OV cohort and genes with the largest deviations from simulation were identified. Pathway analysis was performed on the non-mutated genes to better understand their biological function. We then compared gene expression, methylation and copy number distributions of non-mutated and mutated genes in cell lines and patient data from the TCGA-OV project. To directly test if non-mutated genes can affect cell proliferation, we carried out proof-of-concept RNAi silencing experiments of a panel of nine selected non-mutated genes in three ovarian cancer cell lines and one primary ovarian epithelial cell line. RESULTS We identified a set of genes that were mutated less than expected (non-mutated genes) and mutated more than expected (mutated genes). Pathway analysis revealed that non-mutated genes interact in cancer associated pathways. We found that non-mutated genes are expressed significantly more than mutated genes while also having lower methylation and higher copy number states indicating that they could be functionally important. RNAi silencing of the panel of non-mutated genes resulted in a greater significant reduction of cell viability in the cancer cell lines than in the non-cancer cell line. Finally, as a test case, silencing ANKLE2, a significantly non-mutated gene, affected the morphology, reduced migration, and increased the chemotherapeutic response of SKOV3 cells. CONCLUSION We show that we can identify significantly non-mutated genes in a large ovarian cancer cohort that are well-expressed in patient and cell line data and whose RNAi-induced silencing reduces viability in three ovarian cancer cell lines. Targeting non-mutated genes that are important for tumor growth and metastasis is a promising approach to expand cancer therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joel A Malek
- Genomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Genetic Intelligence Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arash Rafii
- Genetic Intelligence Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Najeeb M Halabi
- Genetic Intelligence Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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Filipiak J, Boinska J, Ziołkowska K, Zduńska M, Zarychta E, Rość D. Assessment of endothelial progenitor cells, VEGF-A and SDF-1α in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2021; 32:266-272. [PMID: 33955861 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there is great interest in vasculogenesis, a process of the formation of new blood vessels from progenitor cells or angioblasts, in the pathogenesis of cancer. To the best of our knowledge, the evaluation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in Hodgkin's lymphoma has not yet been reported. The aim of the present study was to assess the number of EPCs and selected cytokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1α) involved in vasculogenesis in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. The study was conducted in a group of 42 patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (eight patients with relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma and 34 patients before the first treatment) and 30 healthy controls. The number of EPCs defined as CD31(+), CD34(+), CD45(-), CD133(+) was analysed on FacsCalibur flow cytometer and the concentration of VEGF-A and SDF-1α was assessed by ELISA. The study showed that there was a significantly higher EPCs number and VEGF-A concentration in the blood of Hodgkin's lymphoma patients compared to healthy individuals (8.20 vs. 0.55 cells/μl; P < 0.000001; 85.10 vs. 25.33 pg/ml, P = 0.000017; respectively). Detailed analysis revealed that there was elevated EPCs number in both study subgroups as compared to the control group. However, there was no difference in VEGF concentration between recurrent Hodgkin's lymphoma patients and the control group. A significant positive correlation was found between the number of EPCs and VEGF-A concentration (R = 0.31, P = 0.047). Significantly higher EPCs number combined with increased VEGF-A concentration, found in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients before the first treatment, suggest stimulation of new blood vessels formation, which may in turn contribute to tumour growth and metastasis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Filipiak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun
- Department of Chemotherapy, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Boinska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun
| | - Katarzyna Ziołkowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun
| | - Magdalena Zduńska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun
| | - Elżbieta Zarychta
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun
| | - Danuta Rość
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun
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Popov H, Kobakova I, Stoyanov GS, Softova E, Ghenev P. Quantitative Analysis of Tumor-Associated Mast Cells in Recurrent and Non-recurrent Urothelial Bladder Cancer in Stage pTa and pT1. Cureus 2021; 13:e14311. [PMID: 33968521 PMCID: PMC8099003 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UCUB) is a common malignancy in both genders with a very high recurrence rate. There has been increasing evidence for a correlation between tumor-associated mast cells (TAMC) and tumor growth and recurrence rates. In the present study, we set out to establish a link between TAMC and the clinical morphological characteristics of UCUB in stages pTa and pT1. Methodology A retrospective non-clinical approach was used, with two groups of patients with UCUB. A total of 163 patients were included, 95 in the non-recurrent group and 68 in the recurrent UCUB group. Estimation of TAMC was performed on histological slides from the initial biopsy material using Giemsa and Toluidine blue staining. The collected data were statistically analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier curve, Mann-Whitney test, receiver operating characteristic curve, and chi-square analysis. Results Statistical analysis revealed that TAMC in the tumor stroma shows a positive correlation with local recurrence, with no statistical significance to the time of recurrence. No correlation showed statistical significance with pT stage, grade, gender, and age. Conclusions The amount of TAMC in UCUB correlates positively with the rate of local recurrence. The depicted correlations are similar to those established in mammary carcinoma, some lymphoproliferative disorders, and pancreatic and prostate malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristo Popov
- General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Medical University of Varna, Varna, BGR
| | - Ina Kobakova
- General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Medical University of Varna, Varna, BGR
| | - George S Stoyanov
- General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Medical University of Varna, Varna, BGR
| | - Ekaterina Softova
- Pathology, Individual Medical Diagnostic Laboratory City Lab, Varna, BGR
| | - Peter Ghenev
- General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Medical University of Varna, Varna, BGR
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs): What we know of the mesmerizing roles of these tiny vesicles in hematological malignancies? Life Sci 2021; 271:119177. [PMID: 33577843 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease in which a bidirectional collaboration between malignant cells and surrounding microenvironment creates an appropriate platform which ultimately facilitates the progression of the disease. The discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) was a turning point in the modern era of cancer biology, as their importance in human malignancies has set the stage to widen research interest in the field of cell-to-cell communication. The implication in short- and long-distance interaction via horizontally transfer of cellular components, ranging from non-coding RNAs to functional proteins, as well as stimulating target cells receptors by the means of ligands anchored on their membrane endows these "tiny vesicles with giant impacts" with incredible potential to re-educate normal tissues, and thus, to re-shape the surrounding niche. In this review, we highlight the pathogenic roles of EVs in human cancers, with an extensive focus on the recent advances in hematological malignancies.
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Menzel L, Höpken UE, Rehm A. Angiogenesis in Lymph Nodes Is a Critical Regulator of Immune Response and Lymphoma Growth. Front Immunol 2020; 11:591741. [PMID: 33343570 PMCID: PMC7744479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.591741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-induced remodeling of the microenvironment in lymph nodes (LNs) includes the formation of blood vessels, which goes beyond the regulation of metabolism, and shaping a survival niche for tumor cells. In contrast to solid tumors, which primarily rely on neo-angiogenesis, hematopoietic malignancies usually grow within pre-vascularized autochthonous niches in secondary lymphatic organs or the bone marrow. The mechanisms of vascular remodeling in expanding LNs during infection-induced responses have been studied in more detail; in contrast, insights into the conditions of lymphoma growth and lodging remain enigmatic. Based on previous murine studies and clinical trials in human, we conclude that there is not a universal LN-specific angiogenic program applicable. Instead, signaling pathways that are tightly connected to autochthonous and infiltrating cell types contribute variably to LN vascular expansion. Inflammation related angiogenesis within LNs relies on dendritic cell derived pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulating vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression in fibroblastic reticular cells, which in turn triggers vessel growth. In high-grade B cell lymphoma, angiogenesis correlates with poor prognosis. Lymphoma cells immigrate and grow in LNs and provide pro-angiogenic growth factors themselves. In contrast to infectious stimuli that impact on LN vasculature, they do not trigger the typical inflammatory and hypoxia-related stroma-remodeling cascade. Blood vessels in LNs are unique in selective recruitment of lymphocytes via high endothelial venules (HEVs). The dissemination routes of neoplastic lymphocytes are usually disease stage dependent. Early seeding via the blood stream requires the expression of the homeostatic chemokine receptor CCR7 and of L-selectin, both cooperate to facilitate transmigration of tumor and also of protective tumor-reactive lymphocytes via HEV structures. In this view, the HEV route is not only relevant for lymphoma cell homing, but also for a continuous immunosurveillance. We envision that HEV functional and structural alterations during lymphomagenesis are not only key to vascular remodeling, but also impact on tumor cell accessibility when targeted by T cell-mediated immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Menzel
- Translational Tumor Immunology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta E. Höpken
- Microenvironmental Regulation in Autoimmunity and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Armin Rehm
- Translational Tumor Immunology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Stachowicz-Stencel T, Synakiewicz A. Biomarkers for pediatric cancer detection: latest advances and future perspectives. Biomark Med 2020; 14:391-400. [PMID: 32270691 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major health problems of the modern world. With the development of novel biochemistry and analytical instrumentation, precancer diagnosis has become a major focus of clinical and preclinical research. Finding appropriate biomarkers is crucial to make an early diagnosis, before the disease fully develops. With the improvement of precancer studies, cancer biomarkers prove their usefulness in providing important data on the cancer type and the status of patients' progression at a very early stage of the disease. Due to the constant evolution of pediatric cancer diagnosis, which includes highly advanced molecular techniques, the authors have decided to focus on selected groups of neoplastic disease and these include brain tumors, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma and Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Stachowicz-Stencel
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology & Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland 7 Debinki Street, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Synakiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology & Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland 7 Debinki Street, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
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Matolay O, Méhes G. Sustain, Adapt, and Overcome-Hypoxia Associated Changes in the Progression of Lymphatic Neoplasia. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1277. [PMID: 31824854 PMCID: PMC6881299 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Irregular perfusion and related tissue hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors the role of which in the survival and progression cancer has been gradually recognized. Adaptation and selection mechanisms in hypoxic areas in solid tumors are regulated by Hypoxia Inducible transcriptional factor 1 (HIF1) and other hypoxia mediators and are associated with aggressive clinical behavior in a large spectrum of malignancies. Aggressive forms of lymphatic neoplasias present with solid tumor-like features, also including rapid cell growth, necrosis and angiogenesis, the clinical potential of which is still underestimated. While the role of regional hypoxia in normal B-cell maturation and malignant transformation is becoming evident, the impact of tissue hypoxia on their behavior is not well-understood. Compared to some of the common solid cancer types data for some of the key regulators, such as HIF1 and HIF2, and for their downstream effectors are available in a limited fashion. In the current review we aim to overview the physiological aspects of major hypoxia pathways during B-cell maturation and adaptation-related changes reported in lymphatic neoplasia covering important targets, such as carbonic anhydrases IX and XII (CAIX, CAXII), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In conclusion, experimental and clinical results direct to important but currently unexploited role of hypoxia-driven resistance mechanisms especially in aggressive forms of B-cell neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Matolay
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Luminari S, Donati B, Casali M, Valli R, Santi R, Puccini B, Kovalchuk S, Ruffini A, Fama A, Berti V, Fragliasso V, Zanelli M, Vergoni F, Versari A, Rigacci L, Merli F, Ciarrocchi A. A Gene Expression-based Model to Predict Metabolic Response After Two Courses of ABVD in Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:373-383. [PMID: 31645353 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early response to ABVD, assessed with interim FDG-PET (iPET), is prognostic for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and supports the use of response adapted therapy. The aim of this study was to identify a gene-expression profile on diagnostic biopsy to predict iPET positivity (iPET+). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Consecutive untreated patients with stage I-IV cHL who underwent iPET after two cycles of ABVD were identified. Expression of 770 immune-related genes was analyzed by digital expression profiling (NanoString Technology). iPET was centrally reviewed according to the five-point Deauville scale (DS 1-5). An iPET+ predictive model was derived by multivariate regression analysis and assessed in a validation set identified using the same inclusion criteria. RESULTS A training set of 121 and a validation set of 117 patients were identified, with 23 iPET+ cases in each group. Sixty-three (52.1%), 19 (15.7%), and 39 (32.2%) patients had stage I-II, III, and IV, respectively. Diagnostic biopsy of iPET+ cHLs showed transcriptional profile distinct from iPET-. Thirteen genes were stringently associated with iPET+. This signature comprises two functionally stromal-related nodes. Lymphocytes/monocytes ratio (LMR) was also associated to iPET+. In the training cohort a 5-gene/LMR integrated score predicted iPET+ [AUC, 0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.80-0.96]. The score achieved a 100% sensitivity to identify DS5 cases. Model performance was confirmed in the validation set (AUC, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.52-0.84). Finally, iPET score was higher in patients with event versus those without. CONCLUSIONS In cHL, iPET is associated with a genetic signature and can be predicted by applying an integrated gene-based model on the diagnostic biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Luminari
- Hematology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Donati
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Valli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alessia Ruffini
- Hematology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Gruppo Amici Dell'Ematologia Foundation_GrADE, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Angelo Fama
- Hematology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Fragliasso
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Magda Zanelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Annibale Versari
- Nuclear Medicine, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Luigi Rigacci
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant AO San Camillo Forlanini, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Merli
- Hematology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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12
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Classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101596. [PMID: 31581738 PMCID: PMC6832444 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ligation of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) with programmed cell death ligand PD-L activates the immune checkpoint leading to T-cell dysfunction, exhaustion, and tolerance, especially in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) where the PD-L/ Janus kinase (Jak) signaling was frequently found altered. Anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies can reverse this immune checkpoint, releasing the brake on T-cell responses. The characterization of the mechanisms regulating both the expression of PD-1 and PD-L and their function(s) in HL is ongoing. We provide in this review the recent findings focused on this aim with special attention on the major research topics, such as adverse events and resistance to PD-1–PD-L1 inhibitor treatment, together with a part about angiogenesis, extracellular vesicles, and microbiome in HL pathogenesis.
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13
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Aldinucci D, Borghese C, Casagrande N. Formation of the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment of Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma and Therapeutic Approaches to Counter It. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102416. [PMID: 31096713 PMCID: PMC6566335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is characterized by a few tumor cells surrounded by a protective, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment composed of normal cells that are an active part of the disease. Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells evade the immune system through a variety of different mechanisms. They evade antitumor effector T cells and natural killer cells and promote T cell exhaustion. Using cytokines and extracellular vesicles, they recruit normal cells, induce their proliferation and "educate" (i.e. reprogram) them to become immunosuppressive and protumorigenic. Therefore, alternative treatment strategies are being developed to target not only tumor cells but also the tumor microenvironment. Here we summarize current knowledge on the ability of HRS cells to build their microenvironment and to educate normal cells to become immunosuppressive. We also describe therapeutic strategies to counteract formation of the tumor microenvironment and related processes leading to T cell exhaustion and repolarization of immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Aldinucci
- Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Cinzia Borghese
- Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Naike Casagrande
- Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
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14
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Derakhshani A, Vahidian F, Alihasanzadeh M, Mokhtarzadeh A, Lotfi Nezhad P, Baradaran B. Mast cells: A double-edged sword in cancer. Immunol Lett 2019; 209:28-35. [PMID: 30905824 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs), a type of innate immune cells, are derived from myeloid stem cells, sometimes known as mastocytes or labrocytes, and contain many granules rich in histamine and heparin. The mentioned cells are able to release various mediators such as cytokines, leukotrienes, and a large number of proteases into the environment. Many studies and experiments have established the infiltration of MCs into the tumor site. However, the findings are highly controversial to determine whether these immune cells contribute to the growth and development of the tumor or cause anti-tumor immune responses. Various studies have revealed that MCs have a pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic role depending on the type of cancer, the degree of tumor progression, and the location of these immune cells in the tumor bulk. Although these types of immune cells cause angiogenesis and tumor progression in some cancers, they have a significant anti-tumor role in some other types of cancers. In general, although a number of studies have specified the protective role of MCs in cancers, the increased number of MCs in the blood and microenvironment of tumors, as well as the increased level of angiogenesis and tumor progression, has been indicated in another array of studies. The function of MCs against or in favor of the cancers still requires further investigations to more accurately and specifically determine the role of MCs in the cancers. The function of MCs in tumors and their various roles in case of exposure to the cancer cells have been addressed in the present review. The concluding section of the present study recommends a number of methods for modification of MCs in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Derakhshani
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Vahidian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alihasanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Lotfi Nezhad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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15
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Murbach BDA, Delamain MT, Daniel V, de Souza CA, Lima CSP, Lourenço GJ. Association between polymorphisms in angiogenesis-related genes and the prognosis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2018; 185:366-370. [PMID: 30079959 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna de A Murbach
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia T Delamain
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Centre, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Daniel
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carmino A de Souza
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Centre, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carmen S P Lima
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J Lourenço
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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16
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Gendaszewska-Darmach E, Węgłowska E, Walczak-Drzewiecka A, Karaś K. Nucleoside 5'-O-monophosphorothioates as modulators of the P2Y14 receptor and mast cell degranulation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69358-69370. [PMID: 27732965 PMCID: PMC5342483 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are long-lived resident cells known for their substantial role in antigen-induced anaphylaxis and other immunoglobulin E-mediated allergic reactions as well as tumor promotion. MCs' activation results in the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as histamine, tryptase, tumor necrosis factor or carboxypeptidase A stored in secretory granules. IgE-dependent hypersensitivity has been thought to be the major pathway mediating degranulation of mast cells, but the P2Y14 nucleotide receptor activated by UDP-glucose (UDPG) may also enhance this process. In this study we identified thymidine 5'-O-monophosphorothioate (TMPS) as a molecule inhibiting UDPG-induced degranulation in a rat mast cell line (RBL-2H3). Additionally, TMPS diminished UDPG-evoked intracellular calcium mobilization in a stable HEK293T cell line overexpressing the P2Y14 receptor. Therefore, we demonstrate that the use of thymidine 5'-O-monophosphorothioate might be a novel anti-inflammatory approach based on preventingmast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego, Lodz, Poland
| | - Edyta Węgłowska
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aurelia Walczak-Drzewiecka
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kaja Karaś
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego, Lodz, Poland
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17
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Pugliese N, Di Perna M, Cozzolino I, Ciancia G, Pettinato G, Zeppa P, Varone V, Masone S, Cerchione C, Della Pepa R, Simeone L, Giordano C, Martinelli V, Salvatore C, Pane F, Picardi M. Randomized comparison of power Doppler ultrasonography-guided core-needle biopsy with open surgical biopsy for the characterization of lymphadenopathies in patients with suspected lymphoma. Ann Hematol 2017; 96:627-637. [PMID: 28130574 PMCID: PMC5334396 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-2926-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of lymph node core-needle biopsy under imaging guidance requires validation. We employed power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS) to select the lymph node most suspected of malignancy and to histologically characterize it through the use of large cutting needle. Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained for this randomized clinical trial. In a single center between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2015, patients with lymph node enlargement suspected for lymphoma were randomly assigned (1:1) to biopsy with either standard surgery or PDUS-guided 16-gauge modified Menghini needle. The primary endpoint was the superiority of sensitivity for the diagnosis of malignancy for core-needle cutting biopsy (CNCB). Secondary endpoints were times to biopsy, complications, and costs. A total of 376 patients were randomized into the two arms and received allocated biopsy. However, four patients undergoing CNCB were excluded for inadequate samples; thus, 372 patients were analyzed. Sensitivity for the detection of malignancy was significantly better for PDUS-guided CNCB [98.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 95.9–99.9] than standard biopsy (88.7%; 95% CI, 82.9–93; P < 0.001). For all secondary endpoints, the comparison was significantly disadvantageous for conventional approach. In particular, estimated cost per biopsy performed with standard surgery was 24-fold higher compared with that performed with CNCB. The presence of satellite enlarged reactive and/or necrotic lymph nodes may impair the success of an open surgical biopsy (OSB). PDUS and CNCB with adequate gauge are diagnostic tools that enable effective, safe, fast, and low-cost routine biopsy for patients with suspected lymphoma, avoiding psychological and physical pain of an unnecessary surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novella Pugliese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - M Di Perna
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - I Cozzolino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - G Ciancia
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - G Pettinato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - P Zeppa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Medical School, Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - V Varone
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - S Masone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - C Cerchione
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - R Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - L Simeone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - C Giordano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - V Martinelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - C Salvatore
- Department of Economics, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - F Pane
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - M Picardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Naples, Italy
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18
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Atypical variants of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma show low microvessel density and vessels of distention type. Hum Pathol 2016; 60:129-136. [PMID: 27816718 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) presents different histopathologic growth patterns, including atypical forms showing overlapping histopathologic and clinical features with T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (THRLBCL). Because growth patterns are associated with vessel distribution, the aim of the present study was to compare angiogenesis in different NLPHL patterns with THRLBCL as well as other lymphomas. Atypical variants of NLPHL and THRLBCL (n=10 per group) both showed a low microvessel density (MVD; 1.16-1.31/μm2) with a diffuse vessel distribution. In contrast, in typical NLPHL (n=10), follicular areas with low MVD were retained, whereas an increase in vessels in the interfollicular areas was observed (MVD 1.35/μm2). THRLBCL and typical NLPHL could additionally be distinguished by differences in their molecular angiogenesis signature. Furthermore, the number of intravascular T cells was significantly reduced in THRLBCL (0.0028 T cells/mm2 vessel area) when compared with typical NLPHL (0.0059 T cells/mm2 vessel area), potentially reflecting the different composition of the microenvironment in these 2 lymphoma entities. The results of our study reveal a similar vascular pattern and angiogenesis behavior in atypical NLPHL variants and THRLBCL in contrast to the retained follicular pattern in typical NLPHL.
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19
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Aldinucci D, Celegato M, Casagrande N. Microenvironmental interactions in classical Hodgkin lymphoma and their role in promoting tumor growth, immune escape and drug resistance. Cancer Lett 2016; 380:243-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Linke F, Harenberg M, Nietert MM, Zaunig S, von Bonin F, Arlt A, Szczepanowski M, Weich HA, Lutz S, Dullin C, Janovská P, Krafčíková M, Trantírek L, Ovesná P, Klapper W, Beissbarth T, Alves F, Bryja V, Trümper L, Wilting J, Kube D. Microenvironmental interactions between endothelial and lymphoma cells: a role for the canonical WNT pathway in Hodgkin lymphoma. Leukemia 2016; 31:361-372. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and Hodgkin lymphoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13005-13016. [PMID: 27465553 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A solid body of knowledge indicates that overweight and obese subjects are prone to develop cancer, aggressive disease, and death more than their lean counterparts. While obesity has been causally associated with various cancers, only a limited number of studies beheld the link with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Contemporary meta-analysis and prospective studies confirmed the association of body mass index with HL. Besides epidemiological evidence, excess adiposity is known to influence tumor behavior through adipokines, adipose-derived stem cell migration, and metabolism regulation, and by modulating immunoinflammatory response. Nevertheless, the obesity paradox has been described in few cancers. Considering that adipose tissue is an immunomodulatory organ, and that inflammation is the cornerstone of HL pathophysiology, the rationale for being causally related due to endocrine/paracrine interactions cannot be negligible. In this hypothesis-generating review, we explore the biologically plausible links between excess adiposity and HL in light of recent basic and clinical data, in order to create a basis for understanding the underlying mechanisms and foster applied research. The establishment of an association of excess adiposity with HL will determine public health preventive measures to fight obesity and eventually novel therapeutic approaches in HL patients.
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Polyphenol-based nutraceuticals for the control of angiogenesis: Analysis of the critical issues for human use. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:384-393. [PMID: 27402192 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood-vessel, is crucial in the pathogenesis of several diseases, and thus represents a druggable target for the prevention and treatment of different disorders. It is nowadays well kwon how diet can control cancer development and progression, and how the use of certain diet components can prevent cancer development. Several studies, also from our lab, now indicate that natural plant products including nutraceuticals modulate tumor angiogenesis. In this review, it is reported how phytochemicals, comprising hydroxytyrosol, resveratrol, genistein, curcumin, and the green tea component epigallocatechin-3-gallate among the others, negatively regulate angiogenesis. A single plant-derived compound may affect both endothelial and tumor cells, with the common denominator of anti-inflammatory and radical scavenger activities. Beside these positive features, documented in cellular and animal models, a series of critical issues should be considered from a pharmacological point of view as: what is the best source of bioactive compounds: food and beverages, extracted phytocomplexes, isolated nutraceuticals or synthetic analogues? How is the bioavailability of the compounds of interest in relation to the above source? Is there any biological activity by circulating metabolic derivatives? What is the best formulation, administration route and posology? How safe are in humans? How strong and reliable are the clinical trials designed for their use alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy? After a dissertation of these critical points, the conclusion can be drawn that novel and effective strategies should be optimized to improve their bioavailability and efficacy, considering their exploitation as chemopreventive and/or curative approaches.
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Rotunno M, McMaster ML, Boland J, Bass S, Zhang X, Burdett L, Hicks B, Ravichandran S, Luke BT, Yeager M, Fontaine L, Hyland PL, Goldstein AM, Chanock SJ, Caporaso NE, Tucker MA, Goldin LR. Whole exome sequencing in families at high risk for Hodgkin lymphoma: identification of a predisposing mutation in the KDR gene. Haematologica 2016; 101:853-60. [PMID: 27365461 PMCID: PMC5004465 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.135475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma shows strong familial aggregation but no major susceptibility genes have been identified to date. The goal of this study was to identify high-penetrance variants using whole exome sequencing in 17 Hodgkin lymphoma prone families with three or more affected cases or obligate carriers (69 individuals), followed by targeted sequencing in an additional 48 smaller HL families (80 individuals). Alignment and variant calling were performed using standard methods. Dominantly segregating, rare, coding or potentially functional variants were further prioritized based on predicted deleteriousness, conservation, and potential importance in lymphoid malignancy pathways. We selected 23 genes for targeted sequencing. Only the p.A1065T variant in KDR (kinase insert domain receptor) also known as VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) was replicated in two independent Hodgkin lymphoma families. KDR is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase, the main mediator of vascular endothelial growth factor induced proliferation, survival, and migration. Its activity is associated with several diseases including lymphoma. Functional experiments have shown that p.A1065T, located in the activation loop, can promote constitutive autophosphorylation on tyrosine in the absence of vascular endothelial growth factor and that the kinase activity was abrogated after exposure to kinase inhibitors. A few other promising mutations were identified but appear to be "private". In conclusion, in the largest sequenced cohort of Hodgkin lymphoma families to date, we identified a causal mutation in the KDR gene. While independent validation is needed, this mutation may increase downstream tumor cell proliferation activity and might be a candidate for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rotunno
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary L McMaster
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Boland
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara Bass
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xijun Zhang
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laurie Burdett
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarangan Ravichandran
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc.; Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Brian T Luke
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc.; Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Paula L Hyland
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Human Genetics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lynn R Goldin
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Plants and their active compounds: natural molecules to target angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2016; 19:287-95. [PMID: 27154020 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-016-9512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, or new blood vessel formation, is an important process in the pathogenesis of several diseases and thus has been targeted for the prevention and treatment for many disorders. However, the anti-angiogenic agents that are currently in use are mainly synthetic compounds and humanized monoclonal antibodies, which are either expensive or toxic, thereby limiting their use in many patients. Therefore, it is necessary to identify less toxic, inexpensive, novel and effective anti-angiogenic molecules. Several studies have indicated that natural plant products can meet these criteria. In this review, we discuss the anti-angiogenic properties of natural compounds isolated from plants and the molecular mechanisms by which these molecules act. Finally, we summarize the advantages of using plant products as anti-angiogenic agents. Compared with currently available anti-angiogenic drugs, plant products may not only have similar therapeutic potential but are also inexpensive, less toxic, and easy to administer. However, novel and effective strategies are necessary to improve their bioavailability for clinical use.
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Abstract
Tumor microenvironment is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of human lymphomas. The lymphoma microenvironment is composed by stromal cells, immune cells (macrophages, plasma cells, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, T- and B-cells), blood vessels and extracellular matrix proteins. This article is focused on the role of mast cells in lymphoma progression and angiogenesis. Mast cells might be regarded in a future perspective as a new target for the adjuvant treatment of tumors, including lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy, National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy.
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Han Y, Wang X, Wang B, Jiang G. The progress of angiogenic factors in the development of leukemias. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2016; 5:6-16. [PMID: 26989643 PMCID: PMC4761589 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2015.01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic factors have been demonstrated to play important roles in modulating angiogenesis of solid tumors. Recently, accumulating studies extensively indicated that some angiogenic factors widely exist in malignant cells of hematologic malignancy, which regulated the expression of a number of genes that were involved in abnormal proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of these cells. With deep research of angiogenic factors, its expression, function and regulatory mechanism were gradually elucidated, and some of them were related to the development and prognosis of leukemia, or provide more possible strategies for treatment of patients with leukemia. Herein, we summarize the progress in study of some important angiogenic factors and hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Ji'nan University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xidi Wang
- Laboratory Department, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu City, Zhangqiu, Shandong, China
| | - Bingping Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Guosheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Guosheng Jiang, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.18877 of Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, China. E-mail:
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Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Hematological Malignancies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:821613. [PMID: 26583135 PMCID: PMC4637071 DOI: 10.1155/2015/821613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years the role of tumor microenvironment in the progression of hematological malignancies has been widely recognized. Recent studies have focused on how cancer cells communicate within the microenvironment. Among several factors (cytokines, growth factors, and ECM molecules), a key role has been attributed to extracellular vesicles (EV), released from different cell types. EV (microvesicles and exosomes) may affect stroma remodeling, host cell functions, and tumor angiogenesis by inducing gene expression modulation in target cells, thus promoting cancer progression and metastasis. Microvesicles and exosomes can be recovered from the blood and other body fluids of cancer patients and contain and deliver genetic and proteomic contents that reflect the cell of origin, thus constituting a source of new predictive biomarkers involved in cancer development and serving as possible targets for therapies. Moreover, due to their specific cell-tropism and bioavailability, EV can be considered natural vehicles suitable for drug delivery. Here we will discuss the recent advances in the field of EV as actors in hematological cancer progression, pointing out the role of these vesicles in the tumor-host interplay and in their use as biomarkers for hematological malignancies.
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Visciano C, Prevete N, Liotti F, Marone G. Tumor-Associated Mast Cells in Thyroid Cancer. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:705169. [PMID: 26379707 PMCID: PMC4563106 DOI: 10.1155/2015/705169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that the tumor microenvironment plays a major role in mediating aggressive features of cancer cells, including invasive capacity and resistance to conventional and novel therapies. Among the different cell populations that infiltrate cancer stroma, mast cells (MCs) can influence several aspects of tumor biology, including tumor development and progression, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and tissue remodelling. Thyroid cancer (TC), the most frequent neoplasia of the endocrine system, is characterized by a MC infiltrate, whose density correlates with extrathyroidal extension and invasiveness. Recent evidence suggests the occurrence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness in human TC. The precise role of immune cells and their mediators responsible for these features in TC remains unknown. Here, we review the relevance of MC-derived mediators (e.g., the chemokines CXCL1/GRO-α, CXCL10/IP-10, and CXCL8/IL-8) in the context of TC. CXCL1/GRO-α and CXCL10/IP-10 appear to be involved in the stimulation of cell proliferation, while CXCL8/IL-8 participates in the acquisition of TC malignant traits through its ability to induce/enhance the EMT and stem-like features of TC cells. The inhibition of chemokine signaling may offer novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of refractory forms of TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Visciano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), CNR, “G. Salvatore”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nella Prevete
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunologic Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Liotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), CNR, “G. Salvatore”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunologic Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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High serum levels of extracellular vesicles expressing malignancy-related markers are released in patients with various types of hematological neoplastic disorders. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9739-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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