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Witkowska A, Gryn-Rynko A, Syrkiewicz P, Kitala-Tańska K, Majewski MS. Characterizations of White Mulberry, Sea-Buckthorn, Garlic, Lily of the Valley, Motherwort, and Hawthorn as Potential Candidates for Managing Cardiovascular Disease-In Vitro and Ex Vivo Animal Studies. Nutrients 2024; 16:1313. [PMID: 38732560 PMCID: PMC11085323 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a broadly understood concept focusing on vascular and heart dysfunction. Lack of physical exercise, type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, thromboembolism, and kidney and lung diseases all contribute to the development of heart and blood vessel dysfunction. Although effective and important, traditional treatment with diuretics, statins, beta blockers, calcium inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, and anti-platelet drugs remains a second-line treatment after dietary interventions and lifestyle changes. Scientists worldwide are still looking for an herbal product that would be effective and free from side effects, either taken together with or before the standard pharmacological intervention. Such herbal-originated medication therapy may include Morus alba L. (white mulberry), Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson (sea-buckthorn), Allium sativum L. (garlic), Convallaria majalis L. (lily of the valley), Leonurus cardiaca L. (motherwort), and Crataegus spp. (hawthorn). Valuable herbal raw materials include leaves, fruits, seeds, and even thorns. This short review focuses on six herbs that can constitute an interesting and potential therapeutic option in the management of cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michał S. Majewski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.W.); (A.G.-R.); (P.S.); (K.K.-T.)
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Liu T, Ma Y, Zhao H, Wang P, Niu Y, Hu Y, Shen X, Zhang M, Yan B, Yu J. Hawthorn leaves flavonoids attenuate cardiac remodeling induced by simulated microgravity. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:683-695. [PMID: 37096968 PMCID: PMC10132252 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2203194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hawthorn leaves are a kind of widely used medicinal plant in China. The major ingredient, hawthorn leaves flavonoids (HLF), have cardiotonic, cardioprotective, and vascular protective effects. OBJECTIVE The study evaluated the protective role of HLF in cardiac remodelling and the underlying mechanisms under simulated microgravity by hindlimb unloading rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, HLF, HU (hindlimb unloading) and HU + HLF groups (n = 8). After HU and daily intragastric administration at the dose of 100 mg/kg/d for 8 weeks, cardiac function and structure were evaluated by biochemical indices and histopathology. We identified the main active compounds and mechanisms involved in the cardioprotective effects of HLF via bioinformatics and molecular docking analysis, and relative signalling pathway activity was verified by Western blot. RESULTS HLF treatment could reverse the HU-induced decline in LV-EF (HU, 55.13% ± 0.98% vs. HU + HLF, 71.16% ± 5.08%), LV-FS (HU, 29.44% ± 0.67% vs. HU + HLF, 41.62% ± 4.34%) and LV mass (HU, 667.99 ± 65.69 mg vs. HU + HLF, 840.02 ± 73.00 mg). Furthermore, HLF treatment significantly increased NPRA expression by 135.39%, PKG by 51.27%, decreased PDE5A by 20.03%, NFATc1 by 41.68% and Rcan1.4 by 54.22%. CONCLUSIONS HLF plays a protective effect on HU-induced cardiac remodelling by enhancing NPRA-cGMP-PKG pathway and suppressing the calcineurin-NFAT pathway, which provides a theoretical basis for use in clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Northwest University Affiliated Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Shaanxi, P.R.China
- Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, Shaanxi, P.R.China
| | - Yuqi Ma
- Endocrinology Department, Northwest University Affiliated Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Shaanxi, P. R.China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Clinical Experimental Center, Northwest University Affiliated Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Shaanxi, P.R.China
- Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, Shaanxi, P.R.China
| | - Pengli Wang
- Clinical Experimental Center, Northwest University Affiliated Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Shaanxi, P.R.China
- Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, Shaanxi, P.R.China
| | - Yan Niu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Northwest University Affiliated Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Shaanxi, P.R.China
- Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, Shaanxi, P.R.China
| | - Yuehuan Hu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Northwest University Affiliated Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Shaanxi, P.R.China
- Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, Shaanxi, P.R.China
| | - Xi Shen
- Clinical Experimental Center, Northwest University Affiliated Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Shaanxi, P.R.China
- Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, Shaanxi, P.R.China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- Clinical Experimental Center, Northwest University Affiliated Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Shaanxi, P.R.China
- Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, Shaanxi, P.R.China
| | - Bing Yan
- Clinical Experimental Center, Northwest University Affiliated Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Shaanxi, P.R.China
- Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, Shaanxi, P.R.China
| | - Jun Yu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Northwest University Affiliated Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Shaanxi, P.R.China
- Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, Shaanxi, P.R.China
- CONTACT Jun Yu Clinical Experimental Center, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, No. 777 Xitai Road Xi’an, Shaanxi710100, P. R. China
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Natural aldose reductase inhibitors for treatment and prevention of diabetic cataract: A review. HERBA POLONICA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction: Aldose reductase (AR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of glucose to sorbitol responsible for the development of diabetic complications like cataracts. Medicinal plants contain several phytocompounds that can inhibit this enzyme.
Objective: The purpose of this review is to cite medicinal plants that have been tested for their ability to inhibit aldose reductase and consequently prevent cataracts and classify the major isolated compounds that have this activity.
Methods: We reviewed 154 articles published between 1954 and 2020 in English via three databases: ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and PubMed. We have classified the plants that showed a significant anti-cataract effect, in the form of a list including the scientific and family names of each plant. Also, we have cited the IC50 values and the active constituents of each plant that showed inhibitory activity towards AR.
Results: We have described 38 herbs belonging to 29 families. Besides, 47 isolated compounds obtained from the cited herbs have shown an AR inhibitory effect: luteolin, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, apigenin, 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl-epi-quinic acid, delphinidin 3-O-β-galactopyranoside-3’-O-β-glucopyranoside, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester, andrographolide, 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 7-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methyl-8-β-O-D-glucoside-2H-chromen-2-one, E-4-(60-hydroxyhex-30-en-1-yl)phenyl propionate, delphinidin 3-O-β-galactopyranoside-3’,5’-di-O-β-glucopyranoside, 1,2,3-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanol, (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methanol, trans-anethole, gallic acid 4-O-β-D-(6’-O-galloyl)-glucoside, β-glucogallin, puerariafuran, quercetin, gallic acid 4-O-β-D-glucoside, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone, protocatechuic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid and syringic acid.
Conclusion: natural therapy becomes an interesting alternative in the treatment and prevention of cataract by using medicinal plants rich in active compounds considered as AR inhibitors.
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Martinelli F, Perrone A, Yousefi S, Papini A, Castiglione S, Guarino F, Cicatelli A, Aelaei M, Arad N, Gholami M, Salami SA. Botanical, Phytochemical, Anti-Microbial and Pharmaceutical Characteristics of Hawthorn ( Crataegusmonogyna Jacq.), Rosaceae. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237266. [PMID: 34885847 PMCID: PMC8659235 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) is a wild edible fruit tree of the genus Crataegus, one of the most interesting genera of the Rosaceae family. This review is the first to consider, all together, the pharmaceutical, phytochemical, functional and therapeutic properties of C. monogyna based on numerous valuable secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, vitamin C, glycoside, anthocyanin, saponin, tannin and antioxidants. Previous reviews dealt with the properties of all species of the entire genera. We highlight the multi-therapeutic role that C. monogyna extracts could have in the treatment of different chronic and degenerative diseases, mainly focusing on flavonoids. In the first part of this comprehensive review, we describe the main botanical characteristics and summarize the studies which have been performed on the morphological and genetic characterization of the C. monogyna germplasm. In the second part, the key metabolites and their nutritional and pharmaceutical properties are described. This work could be an essential resource for promoting future therapeutic formulations based on this natural and potent bioactive plant extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Martinelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (F.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Perrone
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (F.M.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Sanaz Yousefi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 65178-38695, Iran; (S.Y.); (M.G.)
| | - Alessio Papini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (F.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Stefano Castiglione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.C.); (F.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Francesco Guarino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.C.); (F.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Angela Cicatelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.C.); (F.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Mitra Aelaei
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran;
| | - Neda Arad
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Mansour Gholami
- Department of Horticultural Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 65178-38695, Iran; (S.Y.); (M.G.)
| | - Seyed Alireza Salami
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (S.A.S.)
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Raposo A, Saraiva A, Ramos F, Carrascosa C, Raheem D, Bárbara R, Silva H. The Role of Food Supplementation in Microcirculation-A Comprehensive Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:616. [PMID: 34356471 PMCID: PMC8301032 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major public health concern worldwide and a key cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Accumulating evidence shows that several CVD forms are characterized by significant microcirculatory dysfunction, which may both cause and be caused by macrovascular disease, often preceding clinical manifestations by several years. Therefore, interest in exploring food supplements to prevent and restore microcirculation has grown. Given the continuous need to expand the available therapeutic arsenal for CVD, the food supplements market has recently grown and is expected to continue growing. (2) Methods: We provide an authoritative up-to-date comprehensive review of the impact of food supplementation on microcirculation by analyzing the European and American legal food supplements framework and the importance of food safety/food quality in this industry. We review the main literature about food bioactive compounds with a focus on microcirculation and some main food supplements with proven benefits. (3) Results: Despite a lack of scientific evidence, diet and microcirculatory function are clearly connected. The main food supplement examples in the literature with potential beneficial effects on microcirculation are: Ruscus aculeatus L., Centella asiatica L., Ginkgo biloba L., Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Crataegus spp., Ginseng, Mangifera indica L., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Hamamelis virginiana L., and Vitis vinifera L. (4) Conclusions: Further clinical trials are necessary to better explore the effects of these food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ariana Saraiva
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (A.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Rua Dom Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Conrado Carrascosa
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (A.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Dele Raheem
- Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law (NIEM), Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland;
| | - Rita Bárbara
- School of Sciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Av. Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Henrique Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health Technologies, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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Determination of Flavonoids Compounds of Three Species and Different Harvesting Periods in Crataegi folium Based on LC-MS/MS. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061602. [PMID: 33805809 PMCID: PMC7999497 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Crataegi folium have been used as medicinal and food materials worldwide due to its pharmacological activities. Although the leaves of Crataegus songorica (CS), Crataegus altaica (CA) and Crataegus kansuensis (CK) have rich resources in Xinjiang, China, they can not provide insights into edible and medicinal aspects. Few reports are available on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids compounds of their leaves. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient methods to determine qualitative and quantitative flavonoids compounds in leaves of CS, CA and CK. In the study, 28 unique compounds were identified in CS versus CK by qualitative analysis. The validated quantitative method was employed to determine the content of eight flavonoids of the leaves of CS, CA and CK within 6 min. The total content of eight flavonoids was 7.8–15.1 mg/g, 0.1–9.1 mg/g and 4.8–10.7 mg/g in the leaves of CS, CA and CK respectively. Besides, the best harvesting periods of the three species were from 17th to 26th September for CS, from 30th September to 15th October for CA and CK. The validated and time-saving method was successfully implemented for the analysis of the content of eight flavonoids compounds in CS, CA and CK for the first time.
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Nguyen QTN, Fang M, Zhang M, Do NQ, Kim M, Zheng SD, Hwang E, Yi TH. Crataegus laevigata Suppresses LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress during Inflammatory Response in Human Keratinocytes by Regulating the MAPKs/AP-1, NFκB, and NFAT Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2021; 26:869. [PMID: 33562140 PMCID: PMC7914440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Crataegus laevigata belongs to the family Rosaceae, which has been widely investigated for pharmacological effects on the circulatory and digestive systems. However, there is limited understanding about its anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects on skin. In this study, 70% ethanol C. laevigata berry extract (CLE) was investigated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated keratinocytes. The LPS-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was suppressed by the treatment with CLE. In response to ROS induction, the overexpression of inflammatory regulating signaling molecules including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) were reduced in CLE-treated human keratinocytes. Consequently, CLE significantly suppressed the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines and interleukins in LPS-stimulated cells. Our results indicated that CLE has protective effects against LPS-induced injury in an in vitro model and is a potential alternative agent for inflammatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eunson Hwang
- College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (Q.T.N.N.); (M.F.); (M.Z.); (N.Q.D.); (M.K.); (S.D.Z.)
| | - Tae Hoo Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (Q.T.N.N.); (M.F.); (M.Z.); (N.Q.D.); (M.K.); (S.D.Z.)
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Basati G, Abbaszadeh S, Hasanvand A, Baharvand P. Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Cardiovascular Disorders in Ghasemloo Valley of Urmia City. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:237-250. [PMID: 33438571 DOI: 10.2174/1871525719666210112155652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Many pharmacutical plants belonged to this region are used as the traditional drug by traditional physicians of the Urmia city in order to treat signs of disorders and cardiovescular system diseases. BACKGROUND The Ghasemloo valley located in the Urmia city is one of the typical areas in the northwestern Iran and includes many pharmacutical and plant species. OBJECTIVE Many pharmacutical plants belonged to this region are used as the traditional drug by traditional physicians of the Urmia city in order to treat signs of disorders and cardiovescular system diseases. METHOD Study was performed among 35 grocers in the Urmia city to identify effective and famous pharmacutical plants in treatment of cardiovescular and related diseases. Firstly a complete list of Urmia grocers was prepared from the Food and Drug Administrator of the Urmia University of Medical Sciences. The direct observation and interview alongside collecting herbarium samples of usual and effective indigenous medicinal plants were used to identify disorders and different signs of cardiovascular diseases. Questionnaires included personal information of grocers and they completed indigenous plants list containing information including the plant local name, the used organ, method of use, and the traditional therapeutic effect. Herbarium samples mentioned in the questionnaire were collected from the region and sent to the Jahad-e-Keshavarzi Research Centers and the Agriculture Faculty of Urmia university to determine the genus and species. After identifying and confirming the plant species, data related to the plant and results of cardiovascular research conducted on them were collected and recorded with reference to valid scientific sites. Data were enterred into the Excel 2010 program and then analyzed. RESULT 60 medicinal plants of 26 families in Urmia were identified as effective in treatment of cardiovascular diseases from interviews and questionnaires; some plants mentioned in this study had known traditional therapeutic effects on cardiovascular disorders in the literature and some were identified with new effects. Results showed that the most therapeutic effects in cardiovascular diseases belonged to families Rosaceae (15%), Fabaceae (13%), Asteraceae (13%), and Apiaceae (10%). The most used organs of plants were the leave (23%) and fruit (19%). Plants were used mainly as infusion (68%) in the traditional method. Most plants of this study were used to treat the blood cholesterol (29%), hypertension (9%), the blood coagulation, prevention of bleeding (9%), and decrease in the abdominal fat (9%). CONCLUSION Some herbs introduced in this study have new therapeutic effects introduced for the first time. It is necessary to study therapeutic effects of indigenous plants presented in this research in order to prove studied and mentioned therapeutic effects and to provide study field for researchers in relation to identifying effective substances and studying claimed clinical effects of these plants on different cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholam Basati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam. Iran
| | - Saber Abbaszadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad. Iran
| | - Afshin Hasanvand
- General Practitioner, Department of Internal Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad. Iran
| | - Parastoo Baharvand
- Department of Social Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad. Iran
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Shatoor AS, Al Humayed S. The Protective Effect of Crataegus aronia Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Vascular Inflammation in Rats Entails Inhibition of the NLRP-3 Inflammasome Pathway. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 20:82-99. [PMID: 31183600 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether the whole-plant aqueous extract of Crataegus aronia (C. aronia) could protect against or alleviate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced aortic vascular inflammation in rats by inhibiting the NLRP-3 inflammasome pathway and examined some mechanisms of action with respect to its antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 6/each): standard diet (10% fat) fed to control rats, control + C. aronia (200 mg/kg), HFD (40% fat), HFD + C. aronia, and HFD post-treated with C. aronia. The HFD was fed for 8 weeks and C. aronia was administered orally for 4 weeks. In addition, isolated macrophages from control rats were pre-incubated with two doses of C. aronia (25 and 50 μg/mL) with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Only in HFD-fed rats, co- and post-C. aronia therapy lowered circulatory levels of LDL-C and ox-LDL-c and aortic protein levels of LOX-1 and CD36. C. aronia also inhibited the nuclear accumulation of NF-κB and lowered protein levels of NLRP-3, caspase-1, and mature IL-1β. In vitro, in the absence of ox-LDL-c, C. aronia led to reduced nuclear levels of NF-κB, ROS generation, and protein NLRP-3 levels, in both LPS-stimulated and unstimulated macrophages, in a dose-dependent manner. However, protein levels of LOX-1 were not affected by C. aronia in unstimulated cells. In conclusion, C. aronia inhibits the NLRP-3 inflammasome pathway, induced by HFD feeding in the aorta of rats, mainly by its hypolipidemic effect and in vitro, in LPS-stimulated macrophages, by its antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S Shatoor
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Suliman Al Humayed
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
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The effect of hawthorn flower and leaf extract ( Crataegus Spp.) on cardiac hemostasis and oxidative parameters in Sprague Dawley rats. Heliyon 2020. [PMID: 34337188 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are described as disorders of heart and vessels that involve stroke and coronary heart diseases. People in the Middle East converged to complementary medicine as an economic alternative to expensive healthcare services. Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Lindm.) Rosacea is among the most commonly used herb for the treatment of declining cardiac performance, hypertension, and arrhythmias. Previously, we had shown that Crataegus Spp. (Hawthorn) extract increased the tendency of bleeding among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Herein, the effects of Crataegus Spp. extract on oxidative stress, cardiac and hematological parameters were evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats. Male rats were randomly assigned into four groups. Group 1 served as control while groups 2-4 served as the experimental groups and were administered extract at doses of 100, 200, and 500 mg/kg. All the doses were given orally once/day and the treatment was continued for three weeks. Hawthorn treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level in a dose-dependent manner compared to the control (1.258 (3, 24); P < 0.0001). We found a significant increase in the cardiac antithrombin III among hawthorn treated group compared to the control (4.18 (3, 24); P < 0.0001). On the other hand, hawthorn treatment decreased significantly the liver factor-X level (0.1341 (3, 22); P < 0.0001), while no significant changes were seen in soluble-platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (P-value = 0.0599). In conclusions, hawthorn extract possesses an antioxidant effect and blood-thinning properties. Hence, we recommend attention when using this herbal extract with other anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet drugs or undergoing major cardiac surgery.
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Rababa'h AM, Al Yacoub ON, El-Elimat T, Rabab'ah M, Altarabsheh S, Deo S, Al-Azayzih A, Zayed A, Alazzam S, Alzoubi KH. The effect of hawthorn flower and leaf extract ( Crataegus Spp.) on cardiac hemostasis and oxidative parameters in Sprague Dawley rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04617. [PMID: 32904242 PMCID: PMC7452443 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are described as disorders of heart and vessels that involve stroke and coronary heart diseases. People in the Middle East converged to complementary medicine as an economic alternative to expensive healthcare services. Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Lindm.) Rosacea is among the most commonly used herb for the treatment of declining cardiac performance, hypertension, and arrhythmias. Previously, we had shown that Crataegus Spp. (Hawthorn) extract increased the tendency of bleeding among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Herein, the effects of Crataegus Spp. extract on oxidative stress, cardiac and hematological parameters were evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats. Male rats were randomly assigned into four groups. Group 1 served as control while groups 2–4 served as the experimental groups and were administered extract at doses of 100, 200, and 500 mg/kg. All the doses were given orally once/day and the treatment was continued for three weeks. Hawthorn treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level in a dose-dependent manner compared to the control (1.258 (3, 24); P < 0.0001). We found a significant increase in the cardiac antithrombin III among hawthorn treated group compared to the control (4.18 (3, 24); P < 0.0001). On the other hand, hawthorn treatment decreased significantly the liver factor-X level (0.1341 (3, 22); P < 0.0001), while no significant changes were seen in soluble-platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (P-value = 0.0599). In conclusions, hawthorn extract possesses an antioxidant effect and blood-thinning properties. Hence, we recommend attention when using this herbal extract with other anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet drugs or undergoing major cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M Rababa'h
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Omar N Al Yacoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Tamam El-Elimat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mo'ath Rabab'ah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Salah Altarabsheh
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Queen Alia Heart Institute, Amman, 11953, Jordan
| | - Salil Deo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Surgical Services, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ahmad Al-Azayzih
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aref Zayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Sayer Alazzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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12
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Beik A, Joukar S, Najafipour H. A review on plants and herbal components with antiarrhythmic activities and their interaction with current cardiac drugs. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 10:275-287. [PMID: 32670823 PMCID: PMC7340875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper aimed to compile information on plants or their compounds which have experimentally shown antiarrhythmic effect and to scrutinize the efficacy and potency of them and their potential interaction with conventional cardiac drugs. Literature searches were accomplished by using numerous electronic databases, and the available knowledge on different parts of herbs and their ingredients with antiarrhythmic effects up to 2019 were identified and collected. The results indicate that 36 herbs or their derivatives can be effective in the treatment of arrhythmias, especially in animal and cellular models. They affect various ionic channels in different action potential phases. The alterations in ionic currents lead to changing in the amplitude and duration of the action potential, effective refractory period, maximum velocity, resting membrane potential, channel trafficking, or intracellular calcium concentration. The agents that prolong action potential duration and effective refractory period such as dauricine and sophocarpine seem to be more beneficial if more comprehensive studies confirm their efficacy and safety. It is noteworthy that the consumption of some herbal agents for cardiovascular (e.g. Hawthorn and Ginseng) or other (e.g. Ginseng and Licorice) therapeutic purposes may boost the pro-arrhythmogenic effect of current cardiovascular drugs such as cardiac glycosides. This study accentuates known plants or their derivatives with anti-arrhythmic effects, potential interaction with other cardiac drugs, and the possible mechanisms involved. It can assist clinicians and scientists in research and therapeutic approaches to the management of cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Beik
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Siyavash Joukar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Najafipour
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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13
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Halver J, Wenzel K, Sendker J, Carrillo García C, Erdelmeier CAJ, Willems E, Mercola M, Symma N, Könemann S, Koch E, Hensel A, Schade D. Crataegus Extract WS®1442 Stimulates Cardiomyogenesis and Angiogenesis From Stem Cells: A Possible New Pharmacology for Hawthorn? Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1357. [PMID: 31849643 PMCID: PMC6902660 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts from the leaves and flowers of Crataegus spp. (i.e., hawthorn species) have been traditionally used with documented preclinical and clinical activities in cardiovascular medicine. Based on reported positive effects on heart muscle after ischemic injury and the overall cardioprotective profile, the present study addressed potential contributions of Crataegus extracts to cardiopoietic differentiation from stem cells. The quantified Crataegus extract WS®1442 stimulated cardiomyogenesis from murine and human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Mechanistically, this effect was found to be induced by promoting differentiation of cardiovascular progenitor cell populations but not by proliferation. Bioassay-guided fractionation, phytochemical and analytical profiling suggested high-molecular weight ingredients as the active principle with at least part of the activity due to oligomeric procyanidines (OPCs) with a degree of polymerization between 3 and 6 (DP3–6). Transcriptome profiling in mESCs suggested two main, plausible mechanisms: These were early, stress-associated cellular events along with the modulation of distinct developmental pathways, including the upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and retinoic acid as well as the inhibition of transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein (TGFβ/BMP) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. In addition, WS®1442 stimulated angiogenesis ex vivo in Sca-1+ progenitor cells from adult mice hearts. These in vitro data provide evidence for a differentiation promoting activity of WS®1442 on distinct cardiovascular stem/progenitor cells that could be valuable for therapeutic heart regeneration after myocardial infarction. However, the in vivo relevance of this new pharmacological activity of Crataegus spp. remains to be investigated and active ingredients from bioactive fractions will have to be further characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Halver
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kristin Wenzel
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Partner site Greifswald, DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jandirk Sendker
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carmen Carrillo García
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Erik Willems
- Muscle Development and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (SBP), La Jolla, United States
| | - Mark Mercola
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Nico Symma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stephanie Könemann
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Partner site Greifswald, DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Egon Koch
- Preclinical Research, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dennis Schade
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Partner site Kiel, DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Kiel, Germany
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Przybylska A, Bazylak G, Kosicki R, Altyn I, Twaruzek M, Grajewski J, Soltys-Lelek A. Advantageous Extraction, Cleanup, and UHPLC-MS/MS Detection of Patulin Mycotoxin in Dietary Supplements and Herbal Blends Containing Hawberry from Crataegus spp. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:2159097. [PMID: 30881725 PMCID: PMC6381574 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2159097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Patulin (PAT) is a highly genotoxic mycotoxin still found as the common contaminant of various kinds of spoiled fruits and related commodities which are often endorsed as the health-enhancing products. Thus, a fast and convenient liquid-solid extraction followed by a solid-phase cleanup with the MycoSep®228 AflaPat multifunctional column was used for the highly efficient isolation of PAT with an average recovery of 112.7% from commercial dietary supplements and herbal blends formulated with dried hawberry. Analysis of the PAT content was carried out using gradient elution with a Synergi Polar C18 column (150 × 2 mm, 4 μm) and UHPLC system equipped with a mass spectrometer. PAT was detected in all (n=14) commercial single-component dietary supplements formulated with dried hawberry belonging to Crataegus monogyna and/or Crataegus laevigata. Similarly, PAT was detected in 67% of the studied multicomponent commercial herbal blends (n=6) that contained-in addition to hawberry-different amounts of apple, chokeberry, elderberry, hibiscus, or mallow. Moreover, the PAT content was determined in the hawberry collected from the mature wild hawthorn trees belonging to three botanical species, Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Crataegus laevigata (Poiret) DC, and Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand, growing in the recreational forest areas and in the law-protected state national forest park in Poland. In conclusion, to prevent PAT accumulation and reduce the health risk of consumers in globalizing markets, the implementation of improved cultivation/processing practices of hawthorn trees and hawberry as well as increased analytical control related to the presence of PAT in dietary supplements and herbal blends formulated with fresh, dried, or frozen hawberry should be urgently recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Przybylska
- Department of Pharmaco-Bromatology and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jagiellonska 13, PL-85067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bazylak
- Department of Pharmaco-Bromatology and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jagiellonska 13, PL-85067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Kosicki
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, PL-85064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Iwona Altyn
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, PL-85064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Twaruzek
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, PL-85064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jan Grajewski
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, PL-85064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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15
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Holubarsch CJF, Colucci WS, Eha J. Benefit-Risk Assessment of Crataegus Extract WS 1442: An Evidence-Based Review. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2018; 18:25-36. [PMID: 29080984 PMCID: PMC5772138 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-017-0249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Preparations from Crataegus (hawthorn) have a long history in the treatment of heart failure. WS 1442 is a dry extract from hawthorn leaves with flowers (4–6.6:1), extraction solvent of ethanol 45% (w/w), adjusted to 17.3–20.1% of oligomeric procyanidins. Nonclinical studies show that WS 1442 has positive inotropic and antiarrhythmic properties and protects the myocardium from ischemic damage, reperfusion injury, and hypertension-related hypertrophy, improves endothelial functions such as NO synthesis, and delays endothelial senescence. Randomized, controlled trials in patients with heart failure have demonstrated that the herbal medicinal product increases functional capacity, alleviates disabling symptoms, and improves health-related quality of life, all of which have become important targets of heart failure therapy according to current disease management guidelines. Clinical trials (including a 2-year mortality study with polypharmacy and > 1300 patients exposed) and post-marketing surveillance studies have shown that WS 1442 has a very favorable safety profile both as monotherapy and as add-on therapy, where no drug interactions have been observed. No specific adverse reactions to WS 1442 are known to date. WS 1442 may thus help to close the therapeutic gap between systolic and diastolic heart failure for which evidence of efficacy for other cardioactive drugs is sparse. Scientific evidence shows that WS 1442 is safe and has a beneficial effect in patients with heart failure corresponding to New York Heart Association classes II or III. The benefit-risk assessment for WS 1442 is therefore positive.
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16
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Pahlavan S, Tousi MS, Ayyari M, Alirezalu A, Ansari H, Saric T, Baharvand H. Effects of hawthorn ( Crataegus pentagyna) leaf extract on electrophysiologic properties of cardiomyocytes derived from human cardiac arrhythmia-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:1440-1451. [PMID: 29133340 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700494rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are major life-threatening conditions. The landmark discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells has provided a promising in vitro system for modeling hereditary cardiac arrhythmias as well as drug development and toxicity testing. Nowadays, nutraceuticals are frequently used as supplements for cardiovascular therapy. Here we studied the cardiac effects of hawthorn ( Crataegus pentagyna) leaf extract using cardiomyocytes (CMs) differentiated from healthy human embryonic stem cells, long QT syndrome type 2 (LQTS2), and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia type 1 (CPVT1) patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. The hydroalcoholic extract resulted in a dose-dependent negative chronotropic effect in all CM preparations leading to a significant reduction at 1000 µg/ml. This was accompanied by prolongation of field potential durations, although with different magnitudes in CMs from different human embryonic stem cell and iPSC lines. Hawthorn further prolonged field potential durations in LQTS2 CMs but reduced the beating frequencies and occurrence of immature field potentials triggered by β1-adrenergic stimulation in CPVT1 CMs at 300 and 1000 µg/ml. Furthermore, isoquercetin and vitexin flavonoids significantly slowed down isoproterenol (5 µM)-induced beating frequencies at 3 and 10 µg/ml. Therefore, C. pentagyna leaf extract and its isoquercetin and vitexin flavonoids may be introduced as a novel nutraceutical with antiarrhythmic potential for CPVT1 patients.-Pahlavan, S., Tousi, M. S., Ayyari, M., Alirezalu, A., Ansari, H., Saric, T., Baharvand, H. Effects of hawthorn ( Crataegus pentagyna) leaf extract on electrophysiologic properties of cardiomyocytes derived from human cardiac arrhythmia-specific induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pahlavan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Shalchi Tousi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ayyari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Horticultural Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Alirezalu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hassan Ansari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tomo Saric
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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Nunes R, Pasko P, Tyszka-Czochara M, Szewczyk A, Szlosarczyk M, Carvalho IS. Antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties and zinc content of five south Portugal herbs. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:114-123. [PMID: 27925492 PMCID: PMC7011791 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1230636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Crataegus monogyna L. (Rosaceae) (CM), Equisetum telmateia L. (Equisataceae) (ET), Geranium purpureum Vil. (Geraniaceae) (GP), Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. (Lamiaceae) (MS), and Lavandula stoechas L. spp. luisieri (Lamiaceae) (LS) are all medicinal. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antioxidant, antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities of plant extracts and quantify individual phenolics and zinc. MATERIAL AND METHODS Aerial part extracts were prepared with water (W), ethanol (E) and an 80% mixture (80EW). Antioxidant activity was measured with TAA, FRAP and RP methods. Phenolics were quantified with a HPLC. Zinc was quantified using voltammetry. Antibacterial activity (after 48 h) was tested using Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Listeria monocytogenes. Antiproliferative activity (after 24 h) was tested using HEP G2 cells and fibroblasts. RESULTS Solvents influenced results; the best were E and 80EW. GP had the highest antioxidant activity (TAA and FRAP of 536.90 mg AAE/g dw and 783.48 mg TE/g dw, respectively). CM had the highest zinc concentration (37.21 mg/kg) and phenolic variety, with neochlorogenic acid as the most abundant (92.91 mg/100 g dw). LS was rich in rosmarinic acid (301.71 mg/100 g dw). GP and LS inhibited the most microorganisms: B. cereus, E. coli and S. aureus. GP also inhibited E. faecalis. CM had the lowest MIC: 5830 μg/mL. The antibacterial activity is explained by the phenolics present. LS and CM showed the most significant anti-proliferative activity, which is explained by their zinc content. CONCLUSION The most promising plants for further studies are CM, LS and GP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Nunes
- MeditBio, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Pawel Pasko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Andrzej Frycz-Modrzewski Krakow University, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Tyszka-Czochara
- Radioligand Laboratory, Department of Pharmacobiology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Szlosarczyk
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Isabel S. Carvalho
- MeditBio, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
- CONTACT Isabel S. CarvalhoFood Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, Building 8 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Cuevas-Durán RE, Medrano-Rodríguez JC, Sánchez-Aguilar M, Soria-Castro E, Rubio-Ruíz ME, Del Valle-Mondragón L, Sánchez-Mendoza A, Torres-Narvaéz JC, Pastelín-Hernández G, Ibarra-Lara L. Extracts of Crataegus oxyacantha and Rosmarinus officinalis Attenuate Ischemic Myocardial Damage by Decreasing Oxidative Stress and Regulating the Production of Cardiac Vasoactive Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2412. [PMID: 29135932 PMCID: PMC5713380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have supported a role for oxidative stress in the development of ischemic damage and endothelial dysfunction. Crataegus oxyacantha (Co) and Rosmarinus officinalis (Ro) extracts are polyphenolic-rich compounds that have proven to be efficient in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. We studied the effect of extracts from Co and Ro on the myocardial damage associated with the oxidative status and to the production of different vasoactive agents. Rats were assigned to the following groups: (a) sham; (b) vehicle-treated myocardial infarction (MI) (MI-V); (c) Ro extract-treated myocardial infarction (MI-Ro); (d) Co extract-treated myocardial infarction (MI-Co); or (e) Ro+Co-treated myocardial infarction (MI-Ro+Co). Ro and Co treatments increased total antioxidant capacity, the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-Cu2+/Zn2+, SOD-Mn2+, and catalase, with the subsequent decline of malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels. The extracts diminished vasoconstrictor peptide levels (angiotensin II and endothelin-1), increased vasodilators agents (angiotensin 1-7 and bradikinin) and improved nitric oxide metabolism. Polyphenol treatment restored the left intraventricular pressure and cardiac mechanical work. We conclude that Ro and Co treatment attenuate morphological and functional ischemic-related changes by both an oxidant load reduction and improvement of the balance between vasoconstrictors and vasodilators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Enrique Cuevas-Durán
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico.
| | - Juan Carlos Medrano-Rodríguez
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico.
| | - María Sánchez-Aguilar
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Soria-Castro
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - María Esther Rubio-Ruíz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Leonardo Del Valle-Mondragón
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Alicia Sánchez-Mendoza
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Juan Carlos Torres-Narvaéz
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo Pastelín-Hernández
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Luz Ibarra-Lara
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
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Diane A, Borthwick F, Wu S, Lee J, Brown PN, Dickinson TA, Croft KD, Vine DF, Proctor SD. Hypolipidemic and cardioprotective benefits of a novel fireberry hawthorn fruit extract in the JCR:LA-cp rodent model of dyslipidemia and cardiac dysfunction. Food Funct 2016; 7:3943-52. [PMID: 27538786 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01023g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hawthorn is a widely used herbal alternative medicine for the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases. However, the attributed health benefits, purported to be due to the presence of phenolic compounds, may depend on both the specific species and plant part. Studies to date investigating effects of hawthorn on heart disease(s) have used well-described European and/or Asian species, while little is known regarding the bioactivity of species native to North America. Six weeks of supplementation of both fireberry hawthorn berry (native Crataegus chrysocarpa) and English hawthorn leaf (C. monogyna, naturalized in North America) in the JCR:LA-cp rat, resulted in a significant reduction in heart weight, fasting LDL-C and improved heart function (p < 0.05). Fasting triglyceride and myocardial fibrosis were also reduced, but only by the berry extract. We demonstrate that both of the Canadian-sourced hawthorn extracts (introduced leaf and native berry) have cardioprotective benefits, likely via increased availability of nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye Diane
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Molecular Cell Biology of Lipids Group, Alberta Diabetes and Mazankowski Heart Institutes, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Han F, Guo Y, Gu H, Li F, Hu B, Yang L. Application of alkyl polyglycoside surfactant in ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by macroporous resin enrichment for the separation of vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside and vitexin from Crataegus pinnatifida leaves. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1012-1013:69-78. [PMID: 26807707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An alkyl polyglycoside (APG) surfactant was used in ultrasonic-assisted extraction to effectively extract vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside (VOR) and vitexin (VIT) from Crataegus pinnatifida leaves. APG0810 was selected as the surfactant. The extraction process was optimized for ultrasonic power, the APG concentration, ultrasonic time, soaking time, and liquid-solid ratio. The proposed approach showed good recovery (99.80-102.50% for VOR and 98.83-103.19% for VIT) and reproducibility (relative standard deviation, n=5; 3.7% for VOR and 4.2% for VIT) for both components. The proposed sample preparation method is both simple and effective. The use of APG for extraction of key herbal ingredients shows great potential. Ten widely used commercial macroporous resins were evaluated in a screening study to identify a suitable resin for the separation and purification of VOR and VIT. After comparing static and dynamic adsorption and desorption processes, HPD100B was selected as the most suitable resin. After column adsorption and desorption on this resin, the target compounds VOR and VIT can be effectively separated from the APG0810 extraction solution. Recoveries of VOR and VIT were 89.27%±0.42% and 85.29%±0.36%, respectively. The purity of VOR increased from 35.0% to 58.3% and the purity of VIT increased from 12.5% to 19.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 150040 Harbin, China
| | - Yupin Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei North University, 075000, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Huiyan Gu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Fenglan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Baozhong Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 150040 Harbin, China.
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Jalaly L, Sharifi G, Faramarzi M, Nematollahi A, Rafieian-kopaei M, Amiri M, Moattar F. Comparison of the effects of Crataegus oxyacantha extract, aerobic exercise and their combination on the serum levels of ICAM-1 and E-Selectin in patients with stable angina pectoris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 23:54. [PMID: 26687477 PMCID: PMC4684934 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-015-0137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Adhesion molecules play an important role in the development and progression of coronary atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was comparing the effect of Cratagol herbal tablet, aerobic exercise and their combination on the serum levels of Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and E-Selectin in patients with stable angina pectoris. Methods Eighty stable angina pectoris patients aged between 45 and 65 years, were randomly divided into four groups including three experimental groups and one control group: aerobic exercise (E), Crataegus oxyacantha extract (S), aerobic exercise and Crataegus oxyacantha extract (S+E), and control (C). Blood sampling was taken 24 h before and after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise and Crataegus oxyacantha extract consumption. The results of serum levels of ICAM-1 and E-selectin were compared. Results Intergroup comparison of the data revealed a significant reduction (P <0.01) in serum levels of ICAM-1 and E-selectin in experimental groups. Analysis of data showed that the serum levels of ICAM-1 had significant difference when group S+E was compared with groups S and C, but not group E (P = 0.021, P = 0.000 and P = 0.068, respectively). Also the difference between the levels of E-selectin was significant comparing S+E and S but not E with group C (P = 0.021, P = 0.000 and P = 0.052, respectively). Conclusions Twelve weeks effects of aerobic exercise and Crataegus oxyacantha extract consuming is an effective complementary strategy to significantly lower the risk of atherosclerosis and heart problems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40199-015-0137-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jalaly
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Sharifi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Faramarzi
- Associate Professor in Exercise Physiology, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Alireza Nematollahi
- Subspecialist of Cardiology and Assistant Professor, Shahrekord Univercity of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord Univercity of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Masoud Amiri
- Health Research Center, Shahrekord Univercity of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Fariborz Moattar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan, Iran.
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Li H, Liu Y, Jin H, Liu S, Fang S, Wang C, Xia C. Separation of vitexin-4″-O-glucoside and vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside from hawthorn leaves extracts using macroporous resins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1007:23-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ozay C, Mammadov R, Tasdelen G, Karagur ER, Akca H. Potential Antioxidant, Antiproliferative and Hepatoprotective Effects of C
rataegus Meyeri. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cennet Ozay
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science and Literature; Pamukkale University; Denizli Turkey
| | - Ramazan Mammadov
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science and Literature; Pamukkale University; Denizli Turkey
| | - Gulten Tasdelen
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science and Literature; Pamukkale University; Denizli Turkey
| | - Ege Riza Karagur
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science and Literature; Pamukkale University; Denizli Turkey
| | - Hakan Akca
- Department of Medical Biology; School of Medicine; Pamukkale University; Denizli 20070 Turkey
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Alp H, Soner BC, Baysal T, Şahin AS. Protective effects of Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) extract against digoxin-induced arrhythmias in rats. Anatol J Cardiol 2014; 15:970-5. [PMID: 25880053 PMCID: PMC5368468 DOI: 10.5152/akd.2014.5869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Digitalis preparations are commonly used by children and adults with heart diseases worldwide, although excessive doses may cause cardiac effects. The aim of the study is to evaluate the antiarrhythmic effect of Crataegus oxyacantha extract on digoxin-induced arrhythmias in anesthetized Wistar rats. METHODS Control and experimental groups were evaluated for arrhythmias induced by digoxin. Fifteen rats (7 as controls and 8 as the experimental group) were included in the study. The dry fruits of 100 mg Crataegus oxyacantha were extracted by percolation method. Digoxin, at a dose of 40 µg/kg/min, was infused to form the arrhythmias in all rats. Simultaneously, the extract was infused into the experimental group, while 0.9% NaCl was infused into control group. Electrocardiographic QRS prolongation and arterial blood pressure changes were analyzed. RESULTS The experimental group lived longer (62.13±2.20 min) than the controls (p=0.002). On the other hand, the time to beginning of QRS prolongation did not differ between the two groups (p=0.812). Bradycardia was significant in the control group (288.01±10.54 beat/min and p=0.01). The maximum QRS duration was observed in the control group during the digoxin and 0.9% NaCl infusion period (53.29±3.99 ms and p=0.001). Also, the durations of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias were shorter in the experimental group. However, arterial blood pressure dipping was significant in the experimental group (23.67±10.89 mm Hg and p<0.001). CONCLUSION Crataegus oxyacantha alcoholic extract produced an antiarrhythmic effect that was induced by digoxin in Wistar rats. However, in the clinical use of this extract, the hypotensive effect should be considered. Also, the alcoholic extract of Crataegus oxyacantha may be an alternative treatment medication for arrhythmias induced by digoxin toxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayrullah Alp
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Malatya State Hospital, Malatya-Turkey.
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Shortle E, O'Grady MN, Gilroy D, Furey A, Quinn N, Kerry JP. Influence of extraction technique on the anti-oxidative potential of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) extracts in bovine muscle homogenates. Meat Sci 2014; 98:828-34. [PMID: 25170819 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Six extracts were prepared from hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) leaves and flowers (HLF) and berries (HB) using solid-liquid [traditional (T) (HLFT, HBT), sonicated (S) (HLFS, HBS)] and supercritical fluid (C) extraction (HLFC, HBC) techniques. The antioxidant activities of HLF and HB extracts were characterised using in vitro antioxidant assays (TPC, DPPH, FRAP) and in 25% bovine muscle (longissimus lumborum) homogenates (lipid oxidation (TBARS), oxymyoglobin (% of total myoglobin)) after 24h storage at 4°C. Hawthorn extracts exhibited varying degrees of antioxidant potency. In vitro and muscle homogenate (TBARS) antioxidant activity followed the order: HLFS>HLFT and HBT>HBS. In supercritical fluid extracts, HLFC>HBC (in vitro antioxidant activity) and HLFC≈HBC (TBARS). All extracts (except HBS) reduced oxymyoglobin oxidation. The HLFS extract had the highest antioxidant activity in all test systems. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) exhibited potential as a technique for the manufacture of functional ingredients (antioxidants) from hawthorn for use in muscle foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Shortle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - M N O'Grady
- Food Packaging Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - D Gilroy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - A Furey
- Department of Chemistry, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - N Quinn
- Department of Mathematics, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - J P Kerry
- Food Packaging Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College, Cork, Ireland.
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Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Extracts Obtained from Crataegus azarolus L. var. aronia (Willd.) Batt. Ovaries Calli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/623651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Plant cell culture is an innovative technology to produce a variety of substances. Numerous plants synthesize among their secondary metabolites phenolic compounds which possess antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. Hawthorn (Crataegus) is one of these plants which has long been used in folk medicine and is widely utilized in pharmaceutical preparations mainly in neuro- and cardiosedative actions. Methods and Results. The production of polyphenol by fifty-two-week-old Crataegus azarolus var. aronia calli was studied in relation to growth variation and antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity within a subcultured period. The DPPH and ABTS+ assays were used to characterize the antioxidant actions of the callus cultures. Antimicrobial activity was tested by using disc diffusion and dilution assays for the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of each active extract. High TEACDPPH, TEACABTS, and antimicrobial activity was observed when maximal growth was reached. An optimum of total phenol, proanthocyanidins, flavonoid, (−)-epicatechin, procyanidin B2, chlorogenic acid, and hyperoside was produced during this period. Conclusion. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were strongly correlated with total phenols and total flavonoids. Crataegus azarolus var. aronia cells culture represents an important alternative source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobials.
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Effect of crataegus usage in cardiovascular disease prevention: an evidence-based approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:149363. [PMID: 24459528 PMCID: PMC3891531 DOI: 10.1155/2013/149363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) is a widely used Chinese herb for treatment of gastrointestinal ailments and heart problems and consumed as food. In North America, the role of treatment for heart problems dates back to 1800. Currently, evidence is accumulating from various in vivo and in vitro studies that hawthorn extracts exert a wide range of cardiovascular pharmacological properties, including antioxidant activity, positive inotropic effect, anti-inflammatory effect, anticardiac remodeling effect, antiplatelet aggregation effect, vasodilating effect, endothelial protective effect, reduction of smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion injury, antiarrhythmic effect, lipid-lowering effect and decrease of arterial blood pressure effect. On the other hand, reviews of placebo-controlled trials have reported both subjective and objective improvement in patients with mild forms of heart failure (NYHA I-III), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. This paper discussed the underlying pharmacology mechanisms in potential cardioprotective effects and elucidated the clinical applications of Crataegus and its various extracts.
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Yin J, Qu J, Zhang W, Lu D, Gao Y, Ying X, Kang T. Tissue distribution comparison between healthy and fatty liver rats after oral administration of hawthorn leaf extract. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:637-47. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yin
- School of Pharmacy; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Dalian 116600 China
| | - Jianguo Qu
- Divison of Chemistry; Liaoning Institute for Food and Drug Control; Shenyang 110001 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Dalian 116600 China
| | - Dongrui Lu
- School of Pharmacy; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Dalian 116600 China
| | - Yucong Gao
- School of Pharmacy; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Dalian 116600 China
| | - Xixiang Ying
- School of Pharmacy; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Dalian 116600 China
| | - Tingguo Kang
- School of Pharmacy; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Dalian 116600 China
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Dood KP, Frey AD, Geisbuhler TP. The Effect of Hawthorn Extract on Coronary Flow. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/2156587213491428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hawthorn extract has been used for heart failure and may decrease cardiac cell injury and improve cardiac function. One proposed mechanism for hawthorn action is vasodilation. We hypothesized that hawthorn extract would increase coronary blood flow in isolated perfused rat hearts. Coronary flow was measured in nonworking perfused rat hearts (Langendorff, constant pressure) using a flow probe; data were collected electronically in real time. Hawthorn extract showed an early (30-120 seconds) vasodilation, followed by a later (3-5 minutes) decrease in coronary flow. Maximum vasodilation occurred with 240 μg/mL hawthorn extract. Hawthorn’s pattern of activity was unlike that of several known vasoactive drugs. Both nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and indomethacin abolished early vasodilation, but they had no effect on the late phase decrease in flow. We suggest that a hawthorn-induced increase in nitric oxide generation leads to an increase in prostacyclin production, thus causing early phase vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P. Dood
- A. T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Aaron D. Frey
- A. T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Timothy P. Geisbuhler
- A. T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, MO, USA
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Optimisation of process variables for antioxidant components from Crataegus monogyna by supercritical fluid extraction (CO2) using BoxBehnken experimental design. J Supercrit Fluids 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Belkhir M, Rebai O, Dhaouadi K, Sioud B, Amri M, Fattouch S. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Tunisian Azarole (Crataegus AzarolusL.) Leaves and Fruit Pulp/Peel Polyphenolic Extracts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2011.586080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Littleton RM, Miller M, Hove JR. Whole plant based treatment of hypercholesterolemia with Crataegus laevigata in a zebrafish model. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:105. [PMID: 22824306 PMCID: PMC3479075 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Consumers are increasingly turning to plant-based complementary and alternative medicines to treat hypercholesterolemia. Many of these treatments are untested and their efficacy is unknown. This multitude of potential remedies necessitates a model system amenable to testing large numbers of organisms that maintains similarity to humans in both mode of drug administration and overall physiology. Here we develop the larval zebrafish (4–30 days post fertilization) as a vertebrate model of dietary plant-based treatment of hypercholesterolemia and test the effects of Crataegus laevigata in this model. Methods Larval zebrafish were fed high cholesterol diets infused with fluorescent sterols and phytomedicines. Plants were ground with mortar and pestle into a fine powder before addition to food. Fluorescent sterols were utilized to optically quantify relative difference in intravascular cholesterol levels between groups of fish. We utilized the Zeiss 7-Live Duo high-speed confocal platform in order to both quantify intravascular sterol fluorescence and to capture video of the heart beat for determination of cardiac output. Results In this investigation we developed and utilized a larval zebrafish model to investigate dietary plant-based intervention of the pathophysiology of hypercholesterolemia. We found BODIPY-cholesterol effectively labels diet-introduced intravascular cholesterol levels (P < 0.05, Student’s t-test). We also established that zebrafish cardiac output declines as cholesterol dose increases (difference between 0.1% and 8% (w/w) high cholesterol diet-treated cardiac output significant at P < 0.05, 1-way ANOVA). Using this model, we found hawthorn leaves and flowers significantly reduce intravascular cholesterol levels (P < 0.05, 1-way ANOVA) and interact with cholesterol to impact cardiac output in hypercholesterolemic fish (2-way ANOVA, P < 0.05 for interaction effect). Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that the larval zebrafish has the potential to become a powerful model to test plant based dietary intervention of hypercholesterolemia. Using this model we have shown that hawthorn leaves and flowers have the potential to affect cardiac output as well as intravascular cholesterol levels. Further, our observation that hawthorn leaves and flowers interact with cholesterol to impact cardiac output indicates that the physiological effects of hawthorn may depend on diet.
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Shatoor AS, Soliman H, Al-Hashem F, Gamal BE, Othman A, El-Menshawy N. Effect of Hawthorn (Crataegus aronia syn. Azarolus (L)) on Platelet Function in Albino Wistar Rats. Thromb Res 2012; 130:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chang WT, Dao J, Shao ZH. Hawthorn: Potential Roles in Cardiovascular Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 33:1-10. [PMID: 15844828 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x05002606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hawthorn (Crataegus) may play a role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and in particular, congestive heart failure. Evidence is accumulating that hawthorn may induce anti-ischemia/reperfusion-injury, anti-arrhythmic, hypolipidemic and hypotensive effects. These beneficial effects may in part be due to the presence of antioxidant flavonoid components. While a number of studies have been performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of hawthorn, an international, multi-center, prospective clinical study including a large number of New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II/III heart failure patients is ongoing to test hawthorn's long-term therapeutic effects. Further clinical trials as well as pharmacokinetic and mechanistic studies are needed to explore and confirm its effectiveness, safety and pharmacological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tien Chang
- Emergency Resuscitation Center, Department of Medicine Section of Emergency Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Peters W, Drüppel V, Kusche-Vihrog K, Schubert C, Oberleithner H. Nanomechanics and sodium permeability of endothelial surface layer modulated by hawthorn extract WS 1442. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29972. [PMID: 22253842 PMCID: PMC3254622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) plays a pivotal role in the physiology of the vasculature. By binding plasma proteins, the eGC forms the endothelial surface layer (ESL) which acts as an interface between bloodstream and endothelial cell surface. The functions of the eGC include mechanosensing of blood flow induced shear stress and thus flow dependent vasodilation. There are indications that levels of plasma sodium concentrations in the upper range of normal and beyond impair flow dependent regulation of blood pressure and may therefore increase the risk for hypertension. Substances, therefore, that prevent sodium induced endothelial dysfunction may be attractive for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. By means of combined atomic force - epifluorescence microscopy we studied the impact of the hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) extract WS 1442, a herbal therapeutic with unknown mechanism of action, on the mechanics of the ESL of ex vivo murine aortae. Furthermore, we measured the impact of WS 1442 on the sodium permeability of endothelial EA.hy 926 cell monolayer. The data show that (i) the ESL contributes by about 11% to the total endothelial barrier resistance for sodium and (ii) WS 1442 strengthens the ESL resistance for sodium up to about 45%. This mechanism may explain some of the vasoprotective actions of this herbal therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wladimir Peters
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Wang T, Zhang P, Zhao C, Zhang Y, Liu H, Hu L, Gao X, Zhang D. Prevention effect in selenite-induced cataract in vivo and antioxidative effects in vitro of Crataegus pinnatifida leaves. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 142:106-16. [PMID: 20596791 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. It is a multifactorial disease primarily associated with oxidative stress produced by free radicals. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anticataract potential of Crataegus pinnatifida (hawthorn tree) leaves extract in selenite-induced cataract in vivo and antioxidant effects in vitro. In vitro antioxidant assay of C. pinnatifida leaves extract on NO production inhibition, aldose reductase inhibition, and O(2)(-) radical scavenging activities gave the IC(50) of 98.3, 89.7, and 5.98 μg/mL, respectively. To characterize some major compounds in C. pinnatifida leaves extract, nine flavonoids were identified via LC-MS/MS qualitative analysis. Based on in vitro screening results, C. pinnatifida leaves extract eye drops in 0.1% hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose solution were prepared to evaluate the anticataract potential in vivo. Administration of C. pinnatifida leaves extract eye drops alternately three times a day in rat pups with selenite-induced oxidative stress significantly increased serum SOD and CAT activities, and tended to reduce MDA level compared with control group. The antioxidant enzyme SOD, CAT, and GSH activities in lens showed a significant increase. These results may be applied in the future for the prevention and treatment of cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nankai District, China
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Dalli E, Colomer E, Tormos MC, Cosín-Sales J, Milara J, Esteban E, Sáez G. Crataegus laevigata decreases neutrophil elastase and has hypolipidemic effect: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:769-775. [PMID: 21242072 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Crataegus laevigata is a medicinal plant most commonly used for the treatment of heart failure and psychosomatic disorders. Based on previous experimental findings, this double-blind placebo-controlled study was aimed at finding beneficial effects of C. laevigata on biomarkers of coronary heart disease (CHD). The study included 49 diabetic subjects with chronic CHD who were randomly assigned to the treatment for 6 months with either a micronized flower and leaf preparation of C. laevigata (400 mg three times a day) or a matching placebo. Blood cell count, lipid profile, C-reactive protein, neutrophil elastase (NE) and malondialdehyde were analyzed in plasma at baseline, at one month and six months. The main results were that NE decreased in the C. laevigata group compared to the placebo group. In the C. laevigata group, baseline figures (median and interquartile range) were 35.8 (4.5) and in the placebo group 31 (5.9). At the end of the study, values were 33.2 (4.7) ng/ml and 36.7 (2.2) ng/ml, respectively; p<0.0001. C. laevigata, added to statins, decreased LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) (mean±SD) from 105±28.5 mg/dl at baseline to 92.7±25.1 mg/dl at 6 months (p=0.03), and non-HDL cholesterol from 131±37.5 mg/dl to 119.6±33 mg/dl (p<0.001). Differences between groups did not reach statistical significance at 6 months. No significant changes were observed in the rest of parameters. In conclusion, C. laevigata decreased NE and showed a trend to lower LDL-C compared to placebo as add-on-treatment for diabetic subjects with chronic CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dalli
- Department of Cardiology, Associated University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain.
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Wang T, An Y, Zhao C, Han L, Boakye-Yiadom M, Wang W, Zhang Y. Regulation effects of Crataegus pinnatifida leaf on glucose and lipids metabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:4987-4994. [PMID: 21425878 DOI: 10.1021/jf1049062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The leaf of Crataegus pinnatifida (Rosaceae) is commonly consumed either raw or cooked to improve digestion and promote blood circulation in China. To investigate the regulation effects of it on glucose and lipid metabolism, the flavonoids fraction was prepared and analyzed by HPLC and LC-MS. In vivo, at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, the flavonoids fraction showed inhibitory effects on TG and glucose absorption, accelerating effects on gastrointestinal transit but no effect on gastric emptying. In vitro, treatment of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with 30 μg/mL flavonoids fraction significantly suppressed the accumulation of TG and free fatty acid. It also suppressed the gene expressions of C/EBPα, PPARγ, SREBP 1c, aP2 and adiponectin but did not affect that of leptin. C. pinnatifida leaf may be useful for type 2 diabetics and hyperlipidemics as a foodstuff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
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Zhang W, Xu M, Yu C, Zhang G, Tang X. Simultaneous determination of vitexin-4″-O-glucoside, vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, rutin and vitexin from hawthorn leaves flavonoids in rat plasma by UPLC–ESI-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:1837-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Elango C, Jayachandaran KS, Niranjali Devaraj S. Hawthorn extract reduces infarct volume and improves neurological score by reducing oxidative stress in rat brain following middle cerebral artery occlusion. Int J Dev Neurosci 2009; 27:799-803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chinnasamy Elango
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of MadrasGuindy CampusChennai600 025Tamil NaduIndia
| | | | - S. Niranjali Devaraj
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of MadrasGuindy CampusChennai600 025Tamil NaduIndia
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Xu* H, Zhou* T, Wen J, Fan G, Wu Y. Isolation and Purification of Three Flavonoids from the Hawthorn Leaves by High Speed Countercurrent Chromatography, Combined with Isocratic Preparative Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070903163008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Xu*
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhou*
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wen
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guorong Fan
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yutian Wu
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, P.R. China
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Froehlicher T, Hennebelle T, Martin-Nizard F, Cleenewerck P, Hilbert JL, Trotin F, Grec S. Phenolic profiles and antioxidative effects of hawthorn cell suspensions, fresh fruits, and medicinal dried parts. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hwang HS, Boluyt MO, Converso K, Russell MW, Bleske BE. Effects of Hawthorn on the Progression of Heart Failure in a Rat Model of Aortic Constriction. Pharmacotherapy 2009; 29:639-48. [DOI: 10.1592/phco.29.6.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bernatoniene J, Trumbeckaite S, Majiene D, Baniene R, Baliutyte G, Savickas A, Toleikis A. The effect of crataegus fruit extract and some of its flavonoids on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the heart. Phytother Res 2009; 23:1701-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bahri-Sahloul R, Ammar S, Fredj RB, Saguem S, Grec S, Trotin F, Skhiri FH. Polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities of extracts from flowers of two Crataegus azarolus L. varieties. Pak J Biol Sci 2009; 12:660-668. [PMID: 19634468 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2009.660.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic contents of the ethyl acetate extracts prepared from floral buds and opened flowers harvested on Crataegus azarolus trees native in two localities were performed. The antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH' (2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS+ (2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals scavenging using spectrophotometric method. The C. azarolus var. aronia (Willd.) Batt., producing yellow fruits, was richer in total phenols (1638.7 +/- 89.9 mg acid gallic/100 g dry weight) according to C. azarolus var. eu-azarolus Maire (1415.5 +/- 23.8 mg acid gallic/100 g dry weight), producing red ones. Ethyl acetate extract from opened flowers has less content in total phenols, proanthocyanidins and flavonoids compared to this from floral buds. Floral buds from the two C. azarolus varieties occurring in Siliana-Djebel Serdj showed the highest radical scavenging activities (2431.8 +/- 32.7 and 2267.7 +/- 22.7 micromol Trolox/100 g dry weight). Hawthorn from Tunisia contains eight antioxidants of phenolic type (chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, rutin, spiraeoside, isoquercitrin, quercetin, (-)-epicatechin and the dimer procyanidin B2). These compounds identified specially in floral bud extracts presented a strong radical-scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bahri-Sahloul
- Faculty of Science Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 1060 Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
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How the mid-Victorians worked, ate and died. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2009; 6:1235-53. [PMID: 19440443 PMCID: PMC2672390 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph6031235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the mid-Victorian period in the U.K. reveals that life expectancy at age 5 was as good or better than exists today, and the incidence of degenerative disease was 10% of ours. Their levels of physical activity and hence calorific intakes were approximately twice ours. They had relatively little access to alcohol and tobacco; and due to their correspondingly high intake of fruits, whole grains, oily fish and vegetables, they consumed levels of micro- and phytonutrients at approximately ten times the levels considered normal today. This paper relates the nutritional status of the mid-Victorians to their freedom from degenerative disease; and extrapolates recommendations for the cost-effective improvement of public health today.
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Benli M, Yiğit N, Geven F, Güney K, Bingöl Ü. Antimicrobial activity of endemicCrataegus tanacetifolia(Lam.) Pers and observation of the inhibition effect on bacterial cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2008; 26:844-51. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tadić VM, Dobrić S, Marković GM, Dordević SM, Arsić IA, Menković NR, Stević T. Anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, free-radical-scavenging, and antimicrobial activities of hawthorn berries ethanol extract. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:7700-9. [PMID: 18698794 DOI: 10.1021/jf801668c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Hawthorn [Crataegus monogyna Jacq. and Crataegus oxyacantha L.; sin. Crataegus laevigata (Poiret) DC., Rosaceae] leaves, flowers, and berries are used in traditional medicine in the treatment of chronic heart failure, high blood pressure, arrhythmia, and various digestive ailments, as well as geriatric and antiarteriosclerosis remedies. According to European Pharmacopoeia 6.0, hawthorn berries consist of the dried false fruits of these two species or their mixture. The present study was carried out to test free-radical-scavenging, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, and antimicrobial activities of hawthorn berries ethanol extract. Phenolic compounds represented 3.54%, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. Determination of total flavonoid aglycones content yielded 0.18%. The percentage of hyperoside, as the main flavonol component, was 0.14%. With respect to procyanidins content, the obtained value was 0.44%. DPPH radical-scavenging capacity of the extract was concentration-dependent, with EC50 value of 52.04 microg/mL (calculation based on the total phenolic compounds content in the extract). Oral administration of investigated extract caused dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect in a model of carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. The obtained anti-inflammatory effect was 20.8, 23.0, and 36.3% for the extract doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, respectively. In comparison to indomethacin, given in a dose producing 50% reduction of rat paw edema, the extract given in the highest tested dose (200 mg/kg) showed 72.4% of its activity. Gastroprotective activity of the extract was investigated using an ethanol-induced acute stress ulcer in rats with ranitidine as a reference drug. Hawthorn extract produced dose-dependent gastroprotective activity (3.8 +/- 2.1, 1.9 +/- 1.7, and 0.7 +/- 0.5 for doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, respectively), with the efficacy comparable to that of the reference drug. Antimicrobial testing of the extract revealed its moderate bactericidal activity, especially against gram-positive bacteria Micrococcus flavus, Bacillus subtilis, and Lysteria monocytogenes, with no effect on Candida albicans. All active components identified in the extract might be responsible for activities observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja M Tadić
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research, Tadeusa Kosćuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Clayton P, Rowbotham J. An unsuitable and degraded diet? Part two: realities of the mid-Victorian diet. J R Soc Med 2008; 101:350-7. [PMID: 18591688 DOI: 10.1258/jrsm.2008.080113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Clayton
- School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, UK
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