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Majie A, Saha R, Sarkar A, Bhowmik R, Karmakar S, Sharma V, Deokar K, Haque AU, Tripathy SS, Sarkar B. A novel chitosan-PEG hydrogel embedded with in situ silver nanoparticles of Clerodendrum glandulosum Lindl. extract: evaluation of its in vivo diabetic wound healing properties using an image-guided machine learning model. Biomater Sci 2024. [PMID: 39011583 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00349g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of chronic wounds related to diabetes mellitus is a result of a series of complications induced by hyperglycemia. The symptoms include impaired growth factor production, decreased keratinocyte proliferation and migration, reduced angiogenesis and cytokine synthesis, lowered matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production, neuropathy, reduced nitric oxide synthase production, decreased fibroblast synthesis and migration, and impaired inflammatory cell functions. This multifaceted mechanism of diabetic wounds needs a suitable novel topical formulation that can deliver the active constituent by a controlled means, target the various stages of wound healing, absorb the wound exudates, and prevent secondary infections. To meet the above requirements, the Clerodendrum glandulosum (CG) extract reduced silver nanoparticle (AgNP) impregnated chitosan-polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel was synthesized. The findings of the physicochemical characterization studies suggested that the hydrogel exhibited excellent formulation characteristics and showed controlled release for seven days, making it suitable for chronic wound healing studies. In subsequent studies, these formulations showed good antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and hemocompatibility, with the least cytotoxic properties. The results of the diabetic wound healing studies showed a faster wound closure rate and improved extracellular matrix formation. These antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties suggest that the CG-AgNP loaded chitosan-PEG hydrogel is a promising material for novel topical formulation of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Majie
- Group Polyphenol-BIT, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India, 835215.
| | - Rajdeep Saha
- Group Polyphenol-BIT, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India, 835215.
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
| | - Rudranil Bhowmik
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India, 835215.
| | - Kaushal Deokar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India, 835215.
| | - Asad Ul Haque
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India, 835215.
| | - Sanjaya Shankar Tripathy
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India, 835215.
| | - Biswatrish Sarkar
- Group Polyphenol-BIT, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India, 835215.
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Khound P, Devi R. Clerodendrum Glandulosum Lindl.: A Review of Ethnopharmacology, Pharmacological Potentials, and their Mechanism of Action. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202302121. [PMID: 38385775 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202302121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Clerodendrum glandulosum Lindl. is popularly known for its traditional herbal remedies and therapeutic properties among the people of Northeast Indian communities, as well as Chinese traditional medicine. For the myriad pharmacological properties, viz., anti-hypertensive, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective, planting this species in kitchen gardens is a common practice to treat various ailments, especially hypertension, diabetes, and other metabolic complications. Different phytochemicals, representing the diverse classes of secondary metabolites comprising physiological and phytopharmaceutical significance, have been reported from C. glandulosum. Compounds with terpenoids, steroids, and phenolics are in demand in the pharmaceutical industry. An overview of the mechanism of action of the prominent compounds has also been collated for future research on C. glandulosum-based therapeutics. Current information focuses on this important medicinal plant's ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, associated mechanisms, and toxicology. This review will help explore this potential medicinal plant, which can pave the path for its application in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspanjali Khound
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, India
- Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, 781014, India
| | - Rajlakshmi Devi
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, India
- Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, 781014, India
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Nazari A, Sedighi M, Dalvand P, Azizi Y, Moghimian M, Boroujeni SN. Late cardiac perconditioning by phenylephrine in an isolated rat heart model is mediated by mitochondrial potassium channels. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000218075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Mahmoudabady M, Haghshenas M, Niazmand S. Extract from Teucrium polium L. Protects Rat Heart against Oxidative Stress Induced by Ischemic-reperfusion Injury. Adv Biomed Res 2018; 7:15. [PMID: 29456986 PMCID: PMC5812096 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_218_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The deleterious effect of oxidative stress on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) has already been shown in previous studies. Since Teucrium polium has anti-oxidative and cardio-protective properties, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of this plant on I/R injuries in the isolated rat heart. Materials and Methods The myocardial I/R injury of rat was created by Langendorff retrograde perfusion technology. The heart was preperfused with Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution containing T. polium extract for 20 min before 20 min global ischemia, and then the reperfusion with K-H bicarbonate buffer was conducted for 40 min. The left ventricular developed pressure and the maximum up/down rate of the left ventricular pressure (±dp/dtmax) were recorded by physiological recorder as the myocardial function. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities in the effluent were measured to determine the myocardial injury degree. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total thiol groups (-SH), superoxide anion dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in myocardial tissue were detected to determine the oxidative stress degree. Results The results showed that the pretreatment with T. polium significantly enhanced cardiac parameters and the coronary artery flow, decreased the LDH, CK activities, and TBARS level, whereas it increased - SH groups, SOD and CAT activities. Conclusions Our findings indicated that T. polium could provide protection for heart against the I/R injury which may be related to the improvement of myocardial oxidative stress states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mahmoudabady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Haghshenas
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Niazmand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Polshekan M, Jamialahmadi K, Khori V, Alizadeh AM, Saeidi M, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Jand Y, Ghahremani MH, Yazdani Y. RISK pathway is involved in oxytocin postconditioning in isolated rat heart. Peptides 2016; 86:55-62. [PMID: 27717750 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway is a fundamental signal transduction cascade in the cardioprotective mechanism of ischemic postconditioning. In the present study, we examined the cardioprotective role of oxytocin as a postconditioning agent via activation of the RISK pathway (PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2). Animals were randomly divided into 6 groups. The hearts were subjected under 30minutes (min) ischemia and 100min reperfusion. OT was perfused 15min at the early phase of reperfusion. RISK pathway inhibitors (Wortmannin; an Akt inhibitor, PD98059; an ERK1/2 inhibitor) and Atosiban (an OT receptor antagonist) were applied either alone 10min before the onset of the ischemia or in the combination with OT during early reperfusion phase. Myocardial infarct size, hemodynamic factors, ventricular arrhythmia, coronary flow and cardiac biochemical marker were measured at the end of reperfusion. OT postconditioning (OTpost), significantly decreased the infarct size, arrhythmia score, incidence of ventricular fibrillation, Lactate dehydrogenase and it increased coronary flow. The cardioprotective effect of OTpos was abrogated by PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2 inhibitors and Atosiban. Our data have shown that OTpost can activate RISK pathway mostly via the PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling cascades during the early phase of reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirali Polshekan
- Student Research Committee, Department of Modern Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kadijeh Jamialahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Khori
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Mohsen Saeidi
- Stem cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yahya Jand
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Yazdani
- Infectious Diseases Research Center and Laboratory Science Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Deb L, Laishram S, Khumukcham N, Ningthoukhongjam D, Nameirakpam SS, Dey A, Moirangthem DS, Talukdar NC, Ningthoukhongjam TR. Past, present and perspectives of Manipur traditional medicine: A major health care system available for rural population in the North-East India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 169:387-400. [PMID: 25895884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional health care practices are still being followed extensively in Manipur, North-East India. This is the major or the only medical facility available in some rural areas of Manipur. Cross cultural ethno-pharmacological survey was conducted to document traditional health care practices by Maiba-Maibi (male-female traditional health care practitioners of Manipur). MATERIALS AND METHODS All together 59 traditional practitioners belonging to 12 ethnic communities in nine districts of the Manipur state were interviewed. A predesigned questionnaire was used for interviews, which included queries for type of ailments treating, symptoms, bioresources used, method of preparation, dosage forms, formulation, unit doses. The entire interviews were done in the residence of respective Maiba-Maibi, their patient handing and preparation of medicinal formulations were documented in written and audio-visual format. RESULTS The survey recorded traditional knowledge on 949 formulations used for 66 human ailments. Five hundred forty six plant products, 42 animal products and 22 organic/inorganic materials were found to be used in these 949 formulations. Five plant species - Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae), Cocos nucifera (Arecaceae), Oroxylum indicum (Bignonaceae), Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) and Allium sativum (Liliaceae) used by maximum number of Maiba and Maibi in maximum number of formulations. RECOMMENDATION This particular method of documentation keeps traditional knowledge alive. The WHO estimated perspective of traditional medicine across the world. These observations support therapeutic worth of Manipur Traditional medicines (MTM). Having generated a large database in course of this survey, next focus targeted for the scientific justification of MTM with an aim to develop commercially viable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Deb
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry and Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India.
| | - Surbala Laishram
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry and Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Nongalleima Khumukcham
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry and Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Dhaneshwor Ningthoukhongjam
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry and Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Surjit Singh Nameirakpam
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry and Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Amitabha Dey
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry and Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Dinesh Singh Moirangthem
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry and Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Narayan Chandra Talukdar
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry and Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Tombi Raj Ningthoukhongjam
- Apunba Manipur Maiba Maibi Phurup (AMMMP) (Manipur State Traditional Healers׳ Association), Uripok Ningthoukhongjam Leikai, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India.
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Moghimian M, Faghihi M, Karimian SM, Imani A, Houshmand F, Azizi Y. Role of central oxytocin in stress-induced cardioprotection in ischemic-reperfused heart model. J Cardiol 2012; 61:79-86. [PMID: 23159205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is growing evidence that stress contributes to cardiovascular disease and triggers the release of oxytocin. Moreover previous studies confirmed oxytocin mimics the protection associated with ischemic preconditioning. The present study was aimed to assess the possible cardioprotective effects of the centrally released oxytocin in response to stress and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of exogenous oxytocin in ischemic-reperfused isolated rat heart. METHODS AND SUBJECTS Rats were divided in two main groups and all of them were subjected to i.c.v. infusion of vehicle or drugs: unstressed rats [control: vehicle, oxytocin (OT; 100 ng/5 μl), atosiban (ATO; 4.3 μg/5 μl) as oxytocin antagonist, ATO+OT] and stressed rats [St: stress, OT+St, ATO+St]. After anesthesia, hearts were isolated and subjected to 30 min regional ischemia and 60 min reperfusion (IR). Acute stress protocol included swimming for 10 min before anesthesia. Myocardial function, infarct size, coronary flow, ventricular arrhythmia, and biochemical parameters such as creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were measured. Ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias were counted during the occlusion period. RESULTS The plasma levels of oxytocin and corticosterone were significantly elevated by stress. Unexpectedly hearts of stressed rats showed a marked depression of IR injury compared to control group. I.c.v. infusion of oxytocin mimicked the cardioprotective effects of stress, yet did not elevate plasma oxytocin level. The protective effects of both stress and i.c.v. oxytocin were blocked by i.c.v. oxytocin antagonist. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that i.c.v. infusion of exogenous oxytocin and centrally released endogenous oxytocin in response to stress could play a role in induction of a preconditioning effect in ischemic-reperfused rat heart via brain receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moghimian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Lokesh D, Amitsankar D. Evaluation of mechanism for antihypertensive action of Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp., used by folklore healers in north-east India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:207-212. [PMID: 22732729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The present investigation was aimed to justify the pharmacological basis in traditional use of Clerodendrum colebrookianum as antihypertensive agent in north-east India. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aqueous extract (AECc), its aqueous, n-butanol (nBFCc), Ethyl-acetate (EtFCc) and Chloroform fractions of C. colebrookianum leaves were evaluated for antihypertensive potential by using fructose-induced hypertension model in rats and in isolated frog heart. The ex-vivo muscarinic action in isolated rat ileum, in-vitro assay for Rho-kinase (ROCK -II), phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) and angiotension converting enzyme (ACE) were also carried out to establish the mechanism of action of samples. The total phenolic and flavonoied contents in test samples were estimated to establish phyto-pharmacological relationship. RESULTS The 100μg/mL test samples were showed calcium antagonism in rat ileum and at 50μg/mL and 75μg/mL doses exhibited ROCK-II and PDE-5 inhibition respectively where, EtFCc was caused maximum 68.62% (ROCK-II) and 52.28% (PDE-5) inhibition, but none of the sample was exhibit effect in ACE at 100μg/mL. The test samples also showed negative inotropic and chronotropic effect on isolated frog heart and significant (P<0.001) reduction in systolic blood pressure and heart rate in hypertensive rats compared to control. The total phenolic content maximum 80μg gallic acid equivalents in nBFCc and flavonoids content maximum 69.57μg Quercetin equivalent in AECc were estimated. CONCLUSIONS These observations established the traditional claim and thus C. colebrookianum could be a potent antihypertensive agent for use in future. The antihypertensive effect mediated by cholinergic action and following ROCK - II, PDE-5 inhibition of C. colebrookianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deb Lokesh
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Medicinal Plants and Horticultural Resources Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal, Manipur 795001, India.
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Moghimian M, Faghihi M, Karimian SM, Imani A. The effect of acute stress exposure on ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat heart: role of oxytocin. Stress 2012; 15:385-92. [PMID: 22044052 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2011.630436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed the protective effects of oxytocin (OT) on myocardial injury in ischemic and reperfused rat heart. Moreover, exposure to various stressors not only evokes sudden cardiovascular effects but also triggers the release of OT in the rat. The present study was aimed to evaluate the possible cardioprotective effects of endogenous OT released in response to stress (St), and effects of administration of exogenous OT on the ischemic-reperfused isolated heart of rats previously exposed to St. Wistar rats were divided into six groups: ischemia/reperfusion (IR); St: rats exposed to swim St for 10 min before anesthesia; St+atosiban (ATO): an OT receptor antagonist, was administered (1.5 mg/kg i.p.) prior to St; St+OT: OT was administered (0.03 mg/kg i.p.) prior to St; OT: OT was administrated prior to anesthesia; ATO was given prior to anesthesia. Isolated hearts were perfused with Krebs buffer solution by the Langendorff method and subjected to 30 min of regional ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion. The infarct size (IS) and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in coronary effluent were measured. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded throughout the experiment. The plasma concentrations of OT and corticosterone were significantly increased by St. Unexpectedly St decreased IR injury compared with the IR alone group. OT administration significantly inhibited myocardial injury, and administration of ATO with St abolished recovery of the rate pressure product, and increased IS and levels of CK-MB and LDH. These findings indicate that activation of cardiac OT receptors by OT released in response to St may participate in cardioprotection and inhibition of myocardial IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moghimian
- Department of physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Yadav AK, Temjenmongla. In vivo anthelmintic activity of Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp., a traditionally used taenicidal plant in Northeast India. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:1841-6. [PMID: 22476567 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-2908-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although there are several effective drugs available for the treatment of intestinal helminths, the fact remains that they continue to remain out of reach to a vast majority of people in the world, especially in developing countries. On the other hand, there are a great many herbal remedies that are effective against common intestinal worms and are easily available to common people in developing countries. Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp. (Lamiaceae) is a perennial shrub which is native to South and Southeast Asia. Traditionally, the leaves of this plant are used by the indigenous people of Northeast India as a remedy for the treatment of intestinal tapeworm infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate and authenticate the anthelmintic efficacy of C. colebrookianum leaf extract in experimentally induced Hymenolepis diminuta (a zoonotic tapeworm) infections in Wistar rats. The efficacy of the plant extract was assessed by monitoring the eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) counts and worm recovery rates of experimental animals, following treatment with the leaf extract of this plant at three different doses, i.e. 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight, each given singly for 5 days. The results obtained revealed that the leaf extract of C. colebrookianum possesses a dose-dependent efficacy against the larval, immature and adult stages of H. diminuta. However, the efficacy of the extract was found to be considerably high only against the adult stages of the parasite. For this stage, a single 800-mg/kg dose of extract, given for 5 days, resulted into 68.42% reduction in the EPG counts and 62.50% reduction in the worm counts in the extract-treated group of animals, as compared to the control. The reference drug, praziquantel (5 mg/kg, single dose), however, showed slightly better efficacy and caused 95.16 and 87.00% reductions in the EPG and worm counts of treated animals, respectively. Unlike the adult stages, the efficacy of the plant extract was recorded to be comparatively low against the larval and immature stages of the parasite, as the treatment of animals with the highest dose of extract (800 mg/kg) could cause only 37.50 and 54.00% reductions in worm counts, respectively. The experimental evidence obtained in this study suggests that leaves of C. colebrookianum possess significant anthelminthic properties and supports their use against intestinal tapeworm infections in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Yadav
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793 022, India.
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Nazari A, Sadr SS, Faghihi M, Imani A, Moghimian M. The cardioprotective effect of different doses of vasopressin (AVP) against ischemia-reperfusion injuries in the anesthetized rat heart. Peptides 2011; 32:2459-66. [PMID: 22079221 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of various doses of exogenous vasopressin (AVP) against ischemia-reperfusion injury in anesthetized rat heart. Anesthetized rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n=4-13) and all of them subjected to prolonged 30 min regional ischemia and 120 min reperfusion. Group I served as saline control with ischemia, in treatment groups II, III, IV and V, respectively different doses of AVP (0.015, 0.03, 0.06 and 1.2 μg/rat) were infused within 10 min prior to ischemia, in group VI, an AVP-selective V1 receptor antagonist (SR49059, 1mg/kg, i.v.) was administrated prior to effective dose of AVP injection and in group VII, SR49059 (1 mg/kg, i.v.) was only administrated prior to ischemia. Various doses of AVP significantly prevented the decrease in heart rate (HR) at the end of reperfusion compared to their baseline and decreased infarct size, biochemical parameters [LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), CK-MB (creatine kinase-MB) and MDA (malondialdehyde) plasma levels], severity and incidence of ventricular arrhythmia, episodes and duration of ventricular tachycardia (VT) as compared to control group. Blockade of V1 receptors by SR49059 attenuated the cardioprotective effect of AVP on ventricular arrhythmias and biochemical parameters, but partially returned infarct size to control. AVP 0.03 μg/rat was known as effective dose. Our results showed that AVP owns a cardioprotective effect probably via V1 receptors on cardiac myocyte against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat heart in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Nazari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Role of endogenous oxytocin in cardiac ischemic preconditioning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 167:86-90. [PMID: 21130120 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study is to assess the role of endogenous oxytocin (OT) in cardioprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in anesthetized rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were divided into five groups: 1) ischemia-reperfusion (IR); (n=6), hearts were subjected to 25 min regional ischemia and 60 min reperfusion, 2) OT; (n=6), oxytocin was administered (0.03 μg/kg i.p) 10 min prior to ischemia, 3) IPC; (n=7), IPC was induced via a 5 min regional ischemia followed by 5 min of reperfusion before IR, 4) IPC+ATO (Atosiban); (n=6), atosiban (1.5 μg/kg i.p) was used as OT receptor selective antagonist in the beginning of IPC and 5) IR+ATO; (n=6), atosiban was injected 10 min prior to ischemia-reperfusion. RESULTS In our experiment, Infarct size was decreased significantly in OT and IPC groups compared to IR (23 ± 1.5% and 19 ± 0.6% vs. 45 ± 2.9% in IR group, P<0.05). Administration of atosiban in IPC+ATO group increased infarct size to 39 ± 0.9% in comparison with OT and IPC groups (P<0.05). The use of OT and IPC prior to ischemia significantly declined ventricular arrhythmias severity in compared to IR group (1.2 ± 0.4 and 1 ± 0.5 respectively, vs. 4 ± 0.4 in IR group, P<0.05). Blockade of OT receptor by atosiban abolished the cardiopreconditioning effects of IPC. CONCLUSION This study shows that, in part, the cardioprotective effects of IPC can be induced by endogenous OT.
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Houshmand F, Faghihi M, Zahediasl S. Biphasic protective effect of oxytocin on cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury in anaesthetized rats. Peptides 2009; 30:2301-8. [PMID: 19761809 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 09/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is well known for its role in reproduction. However, evidence has emerged suggesting a role in cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective effect of oxytocin on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in an in vivo rat. Myocardial ischemia, was surgically induced by means of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion for 25 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min. Infarct size was evaluated using the staining agent 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in plasma were analyzed to assess the degree of cardiac injury. Intraperitoneal administration of OT 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 microg significantly reduced infarct size, LDH and CK-MB levels as compared to control (I/R) group and it had a biphasic effect on the reduction of ischemia/reperfusion injury. This biphasic effect was revealed as a U-shaped curve in which efficacy was optimal between very low and very high doses. Furthermore there were no significant differences in mean arterial pressure or heart rate between the OT treatment groups and control group during I/R. Blockade of specific OT receptors by atosiban (10(-6)M) abolished or attenuated the effect of OT preconditioning. The result of this study shows that OT possess a dose-dependent cardioprotective effect against ischemia/reperfusion injury and so study of OT preconditioning may provide a new target site for therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Houshmand
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Abstract
Limiting myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is essential for preventing contractile dysfunction and limiting morbidity and mortality associated with ischemic heart disease. Over the last few decades, it has become clear that during IR insults, myocardial oxygen radical formation is accelerated and plays a critical role in mediating cellular damage and dysfunction. This review provides a brief summary of a variety of approaches that have been undertaken to alleviate the oxidant stress associated with myocardial IR, and a summary of the data demonstrating the potential therapeutic value of oxidant scavenging in limiting IR-induced myocardial damage. Included is a review of investigations using novel free radical scavengers, antioxidant extracts from a variety of plants, polyphenolic compounds from foods such as cocoa, soy, grapes, and wine, as well as vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene. Also reviewed is the evidence that exercise-induced increases in endogenous antioxidants may be an important change contributing to cardioprotection. One must conclude from this brief review that current evidence suggests that enhancing oxidant-scavenging capacity protects against some of the cardiomyocyte disturbances during IR and helps salvage myocardial tissue. Data in cultured cell and animal models are convincing; trials in humans are significantly more conflicting, but still promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn L Hamilton
- Applied Human Sciences, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1582, USA.
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