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Sinha BK, Murphy C, Brown SM, Silver BB, Tokar EJ, Bortner CD. Mechanisms of Cell Death Induced by Erastin in Human Ovarian Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8666. [PMID: 39201357 PMCID: PMC11355013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Erastin (ER) induces cell death through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is characterized by an accumulation of ROS within the cell, leading to an iron-dependent oxidative damage-mediated cell death. ER-induced ferroptosis may have potential as an alternative for ovarian cancers that have become resistant due to the presence of Ras mutation or multi-drug resistance1 (MDR1) gene expression. We used K-Ras mutant human ovarian tumor OVCAR-8 and NCI/ADR-RES, P-glycoprotein-expressing cells, to study the mechanisms of ER-induced cell death. We used these cell lines as NCI/ADR-RES cells also overexpresses superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and transferase compared to OVCAR-8 cells, leading to the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. We found that ER was similarly cytotoxic to both cells. Ferrostatin, an inhibitor of ferroptosis, reduced ER cytotoxicity. In contrast, RSL3 (RAS-Selective Ligand3), an inducer of ferroptosis, markedly enhanced ER cytotoxicity in both cells. More ROS was detected in OVCAR-8 cells than NCI/ADR-RES cells, causing more malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in OVCAR-8 cells than in NCI/ADR-RES cells. RSL3, which was more cytotoxic to NCI/ADR-RES cells, significantly enhanced MDA formation in both cells, suggesting that glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) was involved in ER-mediated ferroptosis. ER treatment modulated several ferroptosis-related genes (e.g., CHAC1, GSR, and HMOX1/OX1) in both cells. Our study indicates that ER-induced ferroptotic cell death may be mediated similarly in both NCI/ADR-RES and OVCAR-8 cells. Additionally, our results indicate that ER is not a substrate of P-gp and that combinations of ER and RSL3 may hold promise as more effective treatment routes for ovarian cancers, including those that are resistant to other current therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birandra K. Sinha
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institutes of Environmental Health, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (C.M.); (S.M.B.); (B.B.S.); (E.J.T.)
| | - Carri Murphy
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institutes of Environmental Health, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (C.M.); (S.M.B.); (B.B.S.); (E.J.T.)
| | - Shalyn M. Brown
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institutes of Environmental Health, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (C.M.); (S.M.B.); (B.B.S.); (E.J.T.)
| | - Brian B. Silver
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institutes of Environmental Health, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (C.M.); (S.M.B.); (B.B.S.); (E.J.T.)
| | - Erik J. Tokar
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institutes of Environmental Health, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (C.M.); (S.M.B.); (B.B.S.); (E.J.T.)
| | - Carl D. Bortner
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institutes of Environmental Health, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
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Lee YH, Park S. Genetic and Lifestyle-Related Factors Influencing Serum Hyper-Propionylcarnitine Concentrations and Their Association with Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15810. [PMID: 37958793 PMCID: PMC10647558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic and environmental determinants of serum propionylcarnitine concentrations (PC) remain largely unexplored. This study investigated the impact of genetic and environmental factors on serum propionylcarnitine levels in middle-aged and elderly participants from the Ansan/Ansung cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Our goal was to understand the role of PC on the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) leading to cardiovascular disease, particularly concerning branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism. We analyzed participants' demographic, lifestyle, and biochemical data with and without MetS. Serum metabolite concentrations, including carnitine, acylcarnitine, and amino acid concentrations, were measured, and the components of MetS were evaluated. Genetic variants associated with low and high PC were selected using genome-wide association studies after adjusting for MetS-related parameters. Further, genetic variants and lifestyle factors that interacted with the polygenic risk score (PRS) were analyzed. Participants with MetS were older and less educated, and their alcohol intake was higher than non-MetS participants. PC was significantly associated with the MetS risk and increased the serum levels of BCAAs and other amino acids. Higher PC positively correlated with MetS components, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk factors. Intake of calcium, sodium, and vitamin D were inversely associated with PC, but coffee consumption was positively linked to PC. Multiple C2 And Transmembrane Domain Containing-1 (MCTP1)_rs4290997, Kinesin Family Member-7 (KIF7)_rs2350480, Coagulation Factor-II (F2)_rs2070850, Peroxisomal Biogenesis Factor-3 (PEX3)_rs223231, TBC1 Domain Family Member-22A (TBC1D22A)_rs910543, and Phospholipase A2 Group-IV-C (PLA2G4C)_rs7252136 interact with each other to have a threefold influence on PC. The PRS for the six-genetic variant model also interacted with age; the diet rich in beans, potato, and kimchi; and smoking status, influencing PC. In conclusion, elevated PC was associated with MetS and cardiovascular disease risk, suggesting their potential as disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hwa Lee
- Department of Cosmetic Biotechnology, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Basic Science, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
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Song Z, Liu T, Lai H, Meng X, Yang L, Su J, Chen T. A Universally EDTA-Assisted Synthesis of Polytypic Bismuth Telluride Nanoplates with a Size-Dependent Enhancement of Tumor Radiosensitivity and Metabolism In Vivo. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4379-4396. [PMID: 35175721 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) is an available thermoelectric material with the lowest band gap among bismuth chalcogenides, revealing a broad application in photocatalysis. Unfortunately, its size and morphology related to a radio-catalysis property have rarely been explored. Herein, an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-assisted hydrothermal strategy was introduced to synthesize polytypic Bi2Te3 nanoplates (BT NPs) that exhibit size-dependent radio-sensitization and metabolism characteristics in vivo. By simply varying the molar ratio of EDTA/Bi3+ during the reaction, BT NPs with different sizes and morphologies were obtained. EDTA acting as chelating agent and "capping" agent contributed to the homogeneous growth of BT NPs by eliminating dangling bonds and reducing the surface energy of different facets. Further analyzing the size-dependent radio-sensitization mechanism, larger-sized BT NPs generated holes that preferentially catalyzed the conversion of OH- to ·OH when irradiated with X-rays, while the smaller-sized BT NPs exhibited faster decay kinetics producing higher 1O2 levels to enhance radiotherapy effects. A metabolomic analysis revealed that larger-sized BT NPs were oxidized into Bi(Ox) in the liver via a citrate cycle pathway, whereas smaller-sized BT NPs accumulated in the kidney and were excreted in urine in the form of ions by regulating the metabolism of glutamate. In a cervical cancer model, BT NPs combined with X-ray irradiation significantly antagonized tumor suppression through the promotion of apoptosis in tumor cells. Consequently, in addition to providing a prospect of BT NPs as an efficient radio-sensitizer to boost the tumor radiosensitivity, we put forth a strategy that can be universally applied in synthesizing metal chalcogenides for catalysis-promoted radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhuan Song
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou 510700, P. R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Haoqiang Lai
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Meng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou 510700, P. R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou 510700, P. R. China
| | - Jianyu Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou 510700, P. R. China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
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Yaghubi E, Daneshpazhooh M, DJalali M, Mohammadi H, Sepandar F, Fakhri Z, Ghaedi E, Keshavarz SA, Balighi K, Mahmoudi H, Zarei M, Javanbakht MH. Effects of l-carnitine supplementation on cardiovascular and bone turnover markers in patients with pemphigus vulgaris under corticosteroids treatment: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Dermatol Ther 2019; 32:e13049. [PMID: 31369185 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a severe, bullous, autoimmune disease of the skin and mucous membranes. Corticosteroids are usually the main core treatment for controlling PV, which could lead to several side effects such as insulin resistance, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of l-carnitine (LC) supplementation in PV patients under corticosteroid treatment. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 48 patients with PV were divided randomly into two groups to receive 2 g LC (n = 24) or a placebo (n = 24) for 8 weeks, respectively. Serum levels of osteopontin (OPN), bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), cystatin C, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, 25 hydroxyvitamin D3, and LC were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the study. LC supplementation demonstrated a significant increase in serum carnitine (p < .001). In addition, at the end of the trial, LC supplementation significantly decreased serum BMP4 (p = .003), OPN (p = .03), and cystatin C (p = .001) levels. There was no significant effect on blood pressure in comparison with the placebo. During study, no harmful side effects were reported by patients. These findings indicate that LC supplementation significantly leads to favorable changes in OPN, BMP4, and cystatin C in PV patients under corticosteroid therapy. However, further investigations are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Yaghubi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Daneshpazhooh
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud DJalali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farnaz Sepandar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Fakhri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Balighi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mahmoudi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Zarei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Javanbakht
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Maleki V, Jafari-Vayghan H, Kashani A, Moradi F, Vajdi M, Kheirouri S, Alizadeh M. Potential roles of carnitine in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:463-469. [PMID: 30806529 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1576616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is recognized as the most prevalent endocrinopathy in reproductive-aged women. This systematic review was performed with focus on the current knowledge on carnitine concerning metabolic variables in PCOS. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception until May 2018. All clinical trials and observational studies published in English-language journals were eligible. Studies that provided insufficient outcomes, animal and in vitro studies were excluded. Out of 451 articles identified in our search, only six articles were eligible for analysis. Two observational studies evaluated the association of serum carnitine levels with metabolic variables, and four clinical trials examined the effect of carnitine supplementation in patients with PCOS. Serum carnitine levels had inverse relationship with glycemic status, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Also, carnitine supplementation resulted in improved weight loss, glycemic status, oxidative stress, follicles and size of ovarian cells; no significant effects were reported on sex hormones and lipid profile. According to the current evidence, carnitine might improve weight loss, glycemic status and oxidative stress. However, to explore the exact mechanisms of carnitine role in patients with PCOS, further studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Maleki
- a Student Research Committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
- b Department of Clinical Nutrition , Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
- c Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | | | - Arvin Kashani
- e Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fardin Moradi
- a Student Research Committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mahdi Vajdi
- a Student Research Committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- c Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- c Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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6
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Guo Q, Zhang QQ, Chen JQ, Zhang W, Qiu HC, Zhang ZJ, Liu BM, Xu FG. Liver metabolomics study reveals protective function of Phyllanthus urinaria against CCl 4-induced liver injury. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 15:525-533. [PMID: 28807226 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phyllanthus Urinaria L. (PUL) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat hepatic and renal disorders. However, the mechanism of its hepatoprotective action is not fully understood. In the present study, blood biochemical indexes and liver histopathological changes were used to estimate the extent of hepatic injury. GC/MS and LC/MS-based untargeted metabolomics were used in combination to characterize the potential biomarkers associated with the protective activity of PUL against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. PUL treatment could reverse the increase in ALT, AST and ALP induced by CCl4 and attenuate the pathological changes in rat liver. Significant changes in liver metabolic profiling were observed in PUL-treated group compared with liver injury model group. Seventeen biomarkers related to the hepatoprotective effects of PUL against CCl4-induced liver injury were screened out using nonparametric test and Pearson's correlation analysis (OPLS-DA). The results suggested that the potential hepatoprotective effects of PUL in attenuating CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity could be partially attributed to regulating L-carnitine, taurocholic acid, and amino acids metabolism, which may become promising targets for treatment of liver toxicity. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the mechanism of the hepatoprotection of Phyllanthus Urinaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State key laboratory of natural medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State key laboratory of natural medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia-Qing Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State key laboratory of natural medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science & Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Hong-Cong Qiu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Zun-Jian Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State key laboratory of natural medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bu-Ming Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Nanning 530022, China.
| | - Feng-Guo Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State key laboratory of natural medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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El-Sherbini ES, El-Sayed G, El Shotory R, Gheith N, Abou-Alsoud M, Harakeh SM, Karrouf GI. Ameliorative effects of l-carnitine on rats raised on a diet supplemented with lead acetate. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 24:1410-1417. [PMID: 28855839 PMCID: PMC5562480 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead intoxication has been a major health hazard in humans. It affects people at all ages. Its toxicity is associated with various organs of the body and affects different metabolic pathways. Based on histological data, l-carnitine reduced the severity of tissue damage produced as a result of exposure of rats to lead acetate. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the underlying mechanism of protection offered by l-carnitine against lead acetate intoxication using male Sprague-Dawley rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each. The first group (G1) served as the control group and animals received standard diet only. The second group (G2) received lead acetate in their diet. The third group (G3) was the l-carnitine treated group and received the normal standard diet supplemented with l-carnitine. While the fourth group (G4) had a diet supplemented with both lead acetate and l-carnitine. At the end of each experiment, blood (serum and whole blood) were collected from each animal and analyzed for the following parameters: serum testosterone levels, serum nitric oxide and serum malondialdehyde. This is in addition to looking at the enzymatic activities of two important enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and on (glutathione reductase) which are indicative of the antioxidant activities in the whole blood. The results indicated that l-carnitine will counteract the undesirable effects of lead intoxication. It exerted its antioxidant potential by reducing the production of ROS and scavenging free radicals by maintaining and protecting the level of the of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and glutathione peroxidase. Conclusion:l-Carnitine may play an important role in reversing the undesirable effects of lead intoxication. Future studies should be conducted to see whether such an effect is applicable in humans exposed to lead poising.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Said El-Sherbini
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Gehad El-Sayed
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Rehab El Shotory
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Nervana Gheith
- Public Administration Departments, Faculty of Economic and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abou-Alsoud
- Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Mustapha Harakeh
- Special Infectious Agents Unit – King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80216, Jeddah 21589; Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal I. Karrouf
- Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Dakahlia, Egypt
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Yamamoto H, Kanno K, Ikuta T, Arihiro K, Sugiyama A, Kishikawa N, Tazuma S. Enhancing hepatic fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats fed a choline-deficient diet: a follow-up report on long-term effects of oxidative stress in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2016; 23:260-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Yamamoto
- Department of General Internal Medicine; Hiroshima University Hospital; 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku Hiroshima 734-8551 Japan
| | - Keishi Kanno
- Department of General Internal Medicine; Hiroshima University Hospital; 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku Hiroshima 734-8551 Japan
| | - Takuya Ikuta
- Department of General Internal Medicine; Hiroshima University Hospital; 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku Hiroshima 734-8551 Japan
| | - Koji Arihiro
- Department of Anatomical Pathology; Hiroshima University Hospital; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Akiko Sugiyama
- Department of General Internal Medicine; Hiroshima University Hospital; 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku Hiroshima 734-8551 Japan
| | - Nobusuke Kishikawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine; Hiroshima University Hospital; 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku Hiroshima 734-8551 Japan
| | - Susumu Tazuma
- Department of General Internal Medicine; Hiroshima University Hospital; 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku Hiroshima 734-8551 Japan
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Kilic-Erkek O, Kilic-Toprak E, Caliskan S, Ekbic Y, Akbudak IH, Kucukatay V, Bor-Kucukatay M. Detraining reverses exercise-induced improvement in blood pressure associated with decrements of oxidative stress in various tissues in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 412:209-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2627-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Ibrahim AB, Mansour HH, Shouman SA, Eissa AA, Abu El Nour SM. Modulatory effects of l-carnitine on tamoxifen toxicity and oncolytic activity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 33:968-79. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327113506237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of l-carnitine (l-CAR) in tamoxifen (TAM)-induced toxicity and antitumor activity. Adult female rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group I was served as control, groups II and III were treated with TAM (10 mg/kg, periorally) and l-CAR (300 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), respectively, while group IV was treated with both compounds. The treatment continued daily for 28 days. Administration of TAM resulted in significant increase in serum lipid profiles, liver enzymes, and bilirubin level. TAM produced a significant increase in lipid peroxides (LPO) level and nonsignificant change in nitrogen oxide (NO( x)) level accompanied with significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of hepatic and uterus tissues and significant decrease in glutathione (GSH) content of uterus tissue. Administration of l-CAR for 1 h prior to TAM treatment decreased serum lipids and liver enzymes significantly and significantly increased SOD activity in liver and uterus tissues compared with TAM-treated group. Furthermore, it restored LPO and GSH levels and increased NO( x) level in uterus tissue. DNA fragmentation and the apoptotic marker, caspase-3, were not detected in the liver of all treated groups. Histopathologically, alterations in the liver and uterus structures after TAM treatment, which was attenuated after l-CAR administration. The antitumor effect and survival of the combined treatment of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice was less than each one alone. l-CAR interestingly increased survival rate of EAC-bearing mice more than TAM-treated group. In conclusion, l-CAR has beneficial effects regarding TAM toxicity; however, it interferes with its antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- AB Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zawia University, Libya
| | - HH Mansour
- Department of Health Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - SA Shouman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Pharmacology unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - AA Eissa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Egypt
| | - SM Abu El Nour
- Department of Health Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Strilakou AA, Lazaris AC, Perelas AI, Mourouzis IS, Douzis IC, Karkalousos PL, Stylianaki AT, Pantos CI, Liapi CA. Heart dysfunction induced by choline-deficiency in adult rats: The protective role of l-carnitine. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 709:20-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Yoshida S, Tsutsumi S, Muhlebach G, Sourbier C, Lee MJ, Lee S, Vartholomaiou E, Tatokoro M, Beebe K, Miyajima N, Mohney RP, Chen Y, Hasumi H, Xu W, Fukushima H, Nakamura K, Koga F, Kihara K, Trepel J, Picard D, Neckers L. Molecular chaperone TRAP1 regulates a metabolic switch between mitochondrial respiration and aerobic glycolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E1604-12. [PMID: 23564345 PMCID: PMC3637790 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1220659110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TRAP1 (TNF receptor-associated protein), a member of the HSP90 chaperone family, is found predominantly in mitochondria. TRAP1 is broadly considered to be an anticancer molecular target. However, current inhibitors cannot distinguish between HSP90 and TRAP1, making their utility as probes of TRAP1-specific function questionable. Some cancers express less TRAP1 than do their normal tissue counterparts, suggesting that TRAP1 function in mitochondria of normal and transformed cells is more complex than previously appreciated. We have used TRAP1-null cells and transient TRAP1 silencing/overexpression to show that TRAP1 regulates a metabolic switch between oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis in immortalized mouse fibroblasts and in human tumor cells. TRAP1-deficiency promotes an increase in mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation, and in cellular accumulation of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, ATP and reactive oxygen species. At the same time, glucose metabolism is suppressed. TRAP1-deficient cells also display strikingly enhanced invasiveness. TRAP1 interaction with and regulation of mitochondrial c-Src provide a mechanistic basis for these phenotypes. Taken together with the observation that TRAP1 expression is inversely correlated with tumor grade in several cancers, these data suggest that, in some settings, this mitochondrial molecular chaperone may act as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guillaume Muhlebach
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | | | - Min-Jung Lee
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sunmin Lee
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Manabu Tatokoro
- Urologic Oncology Branch and
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Fukushima
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; and
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Fumitaka Koga
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; and
| | - Kazunori Kihara
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; and
| | - Jane Trepel
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Didier Picard
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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The renoprotective effect of l-carnitine in hypertensive rats is mediated by modulation of oxidative stress-related gene expression. Eur J Nutr 2012; 52:1649-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mels CMC, Schutte AE, Erasmus E, Huisman HW, Schutte R, Fourie CMT, Kruger R, Van Rooyen JM, Smith W, Malan NT, Malan L. l-Carnitine and Long-Chain Acylcarnitines are Positively Correlated with Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Humans: The SABPA Study. Lipids 2012; 48:63-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-012-3732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Alba G, Santa-María C, Reyes-Quiroz ME, El Bekay R, Geniz I, Martín-Nieto J, Pintado E, Sobrino F. Calcineurin expression and activity is regulated by the intracellular redox status and under hypertension in human neutrophils. J Endocrinol 2012; 214:399-408. [PMID: 22739212 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin (protein phosphatase 2B) (CN) comprises a family of serine/threonine phosphatases that play a pivotal role in signal transduction cascades in a variety of cells, including neutrophils. Angiotensin II (Ang II) increases both activity and de novo synthesis of CN in human neutrophils. This study focuses on the role that intracellular redox status plays in the induction of CN activity by Ang II. Both de novo synthesis of CN and activity increase promoted by Ang II were downregulated when cells were treated with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione. We have also investigated the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and phenazine methosulfate, which are antioxidant and oxidant compounds, respectively, and concluded that the intracellular redox status of neutrophils is highly critical for Ang II-induced increase of CN expression and activity. Results obtained in neutrophils from hypertensive patients were very similar to those obtained in these cells on treatment with Ang II. We have also addressed the possible functional implication of CN activation in the development of hypertension. Present findings indicate that downregulation of hemoxygenase-1 expression in neutrophils from hypertensive subjects is likely mediated by CN, which acts by hindering translocation to the nucleus of the transcription factor NRF2. These data support and extend our previous results and those from other authors on modulation of CN expression and activity levels by the intracellular redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Alba
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Sánchez Pizjuán 4, E-41009 Sevilla, Spain
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16
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Ikuta T, Kanno K, Arihiro K, Matsuda S, Kishikawa N, Fujita K, Tazuma S. Spontaneously hypertensive rats develop pronounced hepatic steatosis induced by choline-deficient diet: Evidence for hypertension as a potential enhancer in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatol Res 2012; 42:310-20. [PMID: 22176027 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2011.00920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) frequently have many co-morbidities including essential hypertension, which is reported to increase vascular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alter the hepatic anti-oxidant defense system. Since ROS play a role in the pathogenesis of NASH, it is hypothesized that hypertension modulates the hepatic oxidative status and influences the development of NASH. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of hypertension on the progression of NASH. METHODS Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats as normotensive controls were fed choline-deficient (CD) diet for 5 weeks. Histological changes, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels in the liver were assessed in each group. RESULTS Choline-deficient diet led to pronounced hepatic steatosis in SHR with an 8-fold increase of the hepatic triglyceride content, while there was no significant increase in WKY. These changes in SHR were associated with significant reduction in the expression of mRNA for peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α, acyl-CoA oxidase, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, and apolipoprotein B100. Consistent with the significant reduction of hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and marked downregulation of the gene expression of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, the hepatic TBARS level and the plasma level of alanine aminotransferase were only increased in SHR on CD diet. CONCLUSIONS Spontaneously hypertensive rats receiving CD diet showed severe hepatic steatosis associated with reduction of hepatic anti-oxidant capacity, leading to increased hepatic oxidative stress and tissue damage. Accordingly, hypertension might have a potential effect on the progression of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ikuta
- Departments of General Internal Medicine Anatomical Pathology Pharmaceutical Services, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
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17
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Changes in hepatic protein expression in spontaneously hypertensive rats suggest early stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Proteomics 2012; 75:1752-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Mingorance C, Rodriguez-Rodriguez R, Justo ML, Herrera MD, de Sotomayor MA. Pharmacological effects and clinical applications of propionyl-L-carnitine. Nutr Rev 2011; 69:279-90. [PMID: 21521230 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionyl-L-carnitine (PLC) is a naturally occurring derivative of carnitine that plays an important role in the metabolism of both carbohydrates and lipids, leading to an increase of ATP generation. PLC, however, is not only a metabolic drug; it is also a potent antiradical agent and thus may protect tissues from oxidative damage. PLC has been demonstrated to exert a protective effect in different models of both cardiac and endothelial dysfunction, to prevent the progression of atherosclerosis, and, more recently, to improve some of the cardiometabolic alterations that frequently accompany insulin resistance. As a result, most of the clinical trials conducted in humans highlight PLC as a potential treatment option in cardiovascular diseases such as peripheral arterial disease, chronic heart failure, or stable angina, especially when type 2 diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia (i.e., patients on hemodialysis) are also present. The aim of this review is to summarize the pharmacological effects and possible therapeutic applications of PLC, including the most recent findings to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mingorance
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Zhang GS, Wang RJ, Zhang HN, Zhang GP, Luo MS, Luo JD. Effects of chronic treatment with honokiol in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:427-31. [PMID: 20190404 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the antihypertensive effects of honokiol in vivo in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The effects of honokiol were investigated by determination of the blood pressure, vascular reactivity, oxidative parameters, and histologic change in the aorta. Long-term administration of honokiol (400 mg/kg/d) to SHR decreased systolic blood pressure significantly. Honokiol (200, 400 mg/kg/d) enhanced the aortic relaxation in response to acetylcholine after 49-d treatment, but had no significant effects on the relaxation to sodium nitroprusside. The oral administration of honokiol significantly increased the plasma level of NO(2(-))/NO(3(-)), but decreased the level of malondialdehyde in liver of SHR compared with the control vehicle. In addition, SHR administered honokiol showed significant reductions in the elastin bands and media thickness in the aorta. These results suggest that chronic treatment with honokiol exerts an antihypertensive effect in SHR, and its vasorelaxant action and antioxidant properties may contribute to reducing the elevated blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Shui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, PR China
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20
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Systemic antioxidant properties of L-carnitine in two different models of arterial hypertension. J Physiol Biochem 2010; 66:127-36. [PMID: 20506010 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-010-0017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In spite of a wide range of drugs being available in the market, treatment of arterial hypertension still remains a challenge, and new therapeutic strategies could be developed in order to improve the rate of success in controlling this disease. Since oxidative stress has gained importance in the last few years as one of the mechanisms involved in the origin and development of hypertension, and considering that L-carnitine (LC) is a useful compound in different pathologies characterized by increased oxidative status, the aim of the present study was to investigate the systemic antioxidant effect of LC and its correlation to blood pressure in two experimental models of hypertension: (1) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and (2) rats with hypertension induced by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Treatment with captopril was also performed in SHR in order to compare the antioxidant and antihypertensive effects of LC and captopril. The antioxidant defense capacity, in terms of antioxidant enzyme activity, glutathione system availability and plasma total antioxidant capacity, was measured in both animal models with or without an oral, chronic treatment with LC. All the antioxidant parameters studied were diminished in SHR and in L-NAME-treated animals, an alteration that was in general reversed after treatments with LC and captopril. In addition, LC produced a significant but not complete reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels in these two models of hypertension, whereas captopril was able to normalize blood pressure. Both LC and captopril prevented the reduction in nitric oxide (NO) levels observed in hypertensive animals. This suggests a decrease in the systemic oxidative stress and a higher availability of NO induced by LC in a similar way to captopril's effects, which could be relevant in the management of arterial hypertension eventually.
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Miguel-Carrasco JL, Monserrat MT, Mate A, Vázquez CM. Comparative effects of captopril and l-carnitine on blood pressure and antioxidant enzyme gene expression in the heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 632:65-72. [PMID: 20123095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension. The aim of this work was to study and compare the molecular mechanisms of the antioxidant properties of l-carnitine and captopril in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Antioxidant enzyme activity/regulation (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase) was measured in the erythrocytes and hearts of SHR. The molecular expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), NADPH oxidase, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type I receptor (AT(1) receptor) and NF-kappaB/IkappaB system was also measured in the hearts of these animals. Both l-carnitine and captopril augmented the antioxidant defense capacity in SHRs. This effect was mediated by an upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, an increase in the plasma total antioxidant capacity and a reduction of lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion production in the heart. The administration of both compounds to hypertensive animals also produced an upregulation of eNOS and a normalization of ACE, angiotensin AT(1) receptor, and the NF-kappaB/IkappaB system expression. In addition, captopril reduced the arterial blood pressure and the relative heart weights back to control values, whereas l-carnitine caused only a partial reduction of blood pressure values and did not alter the cardiac hypertrophy found in SHRs. In conclusion, we have found that l-carnitine and captopril have a similar antioxidant effect in the hearts of hypertensive rats. The molecular regulation of antioxidant enzymes through an inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system and a modulation of the NF-kappaB/IkappaB system seems to be responsible for this antioxidant effect.
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Yeh CT, Huang WH, Yen GC. Antihypertensive effects of Hsian-tsao and its active compound in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Nutr Biochem 2009; 20:866-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 07/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Oral supplementation of propionyl-l-carnitine reduces body weight and hyperinsulinaemia in obese Zucker rats. Br J Nutr 2009; 102:1145-53. [PMID: 19545458 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114509389230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Propionyl-L-carnitine (PLC) is an SCFA esterified to carnitine that plays an important role in fatty acid oxidation and energy expenditure, in addition to having a protective effect on the endothelium. In order to evaluate the effect of PLC on an animal model of obesity, insulin resistance and, consequently, endothelial dysfunction, lean and obese Zucker rats (OZR) received either vehicle- or PLC-supplemented drinking water (200 mg/kg per d) for 20 weeks. Body weight, food intake, systolic blood pressure and heart rate were controlled weekly and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Fasting glucose, TAG, cholesterol, HDL, NEFA, adiponectin and insulin were analysed in serum. Visceral adipose tissue and liver were weighed and liver TAG liver composition was evaluated. Endothelial and vascular functions were assessed in the aorta and small mesenteric arteries by response to acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine (Phe); NO participation was evaluated after incubation with the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and endothelial NOS protein expression by Western blotting. PLC decreased body-weight gain, food intake, adiposity, insulin serum concentration and TAG liver content and improved insulin resistance. Aortae from OZR receiving either vehicle or PLC exhibited a lower contractile response to Phe. PLC-treated OZR showed an enhanced release of endothelial NO upon the adrenergic stimulation. The protection of vascular function found after treatment with PLC in an animal model of insulin resistance supports the necessity of clinical trials showing the effect of L-carnitine supplements on metabolic disorders.
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Propionyl-L-carnitine prevents early graft dysfunction in allogeneic rat kidney transplantation. Kidney Int 2008; 74:1420-8. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2008.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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25
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Díaz R, Lorita J, Soley M, Ramírez I. Carnitine worsens both injury and recovery of contractile function after transient ischemia in perfused rat heart. J Physiol Biochem 2008; 64:1-8. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03168229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Impact of Chronic Treatment With Red Wine Polyphenols (RWP) on Cerebral Arterioles in the Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2008; 51:304-10. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e318163a946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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ÁLVAREZ MC, CALDIZ C, FANTINELLI JC, GARCIARENA CD, CONSOLE GM, CHIAPPE DE CINGOLANI GE, MOSCA SM. Is Cardiac Hypertrophy in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats the Cause or the Consequence of Oxidative Stress? Hypertens Res 2008; 31:1465-76. [DOI: 10.1291/hypres.31.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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de Sotomayor MA, Mingorance C, Rodriguez-Rodriguez R, Marhuenda E, Herrera MD. l-carnitine and its propionate: improvement of endothelial function in SHR through superoxide dismutase-dependent mechanisms. Free Radic Res 2007; 41:884-91. [PMID: 17654045 DOI: 10.1080/10715760701416467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the mechanism underlying the antioxidant properties of l-carnitine (LC) and propionyl-l-carnitine (PLC) on spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive WKY, animals were treated with either PLC or LC (200 mg kg(- 1)). Aorta was dissected and contraction to (R)-( - )-phenylephrine (Phe) and relaxation to carbachol (CCh) were assessed in the presence or not of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, l-NAME. [image omitted] production was evaluated by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence and its participation on relaxation was observed after incubation with superoxide dismutase (SOD) plus catalase. Protein expressions of eNOS, Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD were studied by western blot. Both LC and PLC treatments improved endothelial function of SHR through increasing NO participation and decreasing [image omitted] probably involving higher Cu/Zn-SOD expression. PLC treatment augmented eNOS expression in SHR. Surprisingly, LC increased [image omitted] produced by aorta from WKY and thus diminished NO and damaged endothelial function. Conversely, PLC did not affect CCh-induced relaxation in WKY. These results demonstrate that LC and PLC prevent endothelial dysfunction in SHR through an antioxidant effect.
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Gómez-Amores L, Mate A, Miguel-Carrasco JL, Jiménez L, Jos A, Cameán AM, Revilla E, Santa-María C, Vázquez CM. l-Carnitine attenuates oxidative stress in hypertensive rats. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 18:533-40. [PMID: 17142029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2006] [Revised: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether l-carnitine (LC) protects the vascular endothelium and tissues against oxidative damage in hypertension. Antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione and lipid peroxidation were measured in the liver and heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Nitrite and nitrate levels and total antioxidant status (TAS) were evaluated in plasma, and the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and p22phox subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase was determined in aorta. Glutathione peroxidase activity was lower in SHR than in WKY rats, and LC increased this activity in SHR up to values close to those observed in normotensive animals. Glutathione reductase and catalase activities, which were higher in SHR, tended to increase after LC treatment. No differences were found in the activity of superoxide dismutase among any animal group. The ratio between reduced and oxidized glutathione and the levels of lipid peroxidation were respectively decreased and increased in hypertensive rats, and both parameters were normalized after the treatment. Similarly, LC was able to reverse the reduced plasma nitrite and nitrate levels and TAS observed in SHR. We found no alterations in the expression of aortic eNOS among any group; however, p22phox mRNA levels showed an increase in SHR that was reversed by LC. In conclusion, chronic administration of LC leads to an increase in hepatic and cardiac antioxidant defense and a reduction in the systemic oxidative process in SHR. Therefore, LC might increase NO availability in SHR aorta by a reduction in superoxide anion production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gómez-Amores
- Department of Physiology and Zoology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, E-41012 Seville, Spain
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Oh KS, Han W, Wang MH, Lee BH. The Effects of Chronic Treatment with Morus bombycis KOIDZUMI in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1278-83. [PMID: 17603167 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the antihypertensive effects of Morus bombycis KOIDZUMI (MK) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). In addition, the effects on vascular responses and cardiac functions were also investigated. In isolated rat aortic preparations, the 100% ethanol extract of MK exhibited a potent vascular relaxant effect with IC(50) value of 3.9 microg/ml, and this vasorelaxant effect was completely abolished by pretreatment of the aortic tissues with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or the denudation of endothelial layer. In isolated rat hearts, the MK extract significantly reduced cardiac functions such as left ventricular developed pressure and heart rate. In an antihypertensive study in SHRs, long-term administration with MK extracts (10, 30, 100 mg/kg) for 42 d dose-dependently decreased systolic blood pressure (approximately 20 mmHg). In SHRs, MK extract enhanced the aortic relaxation to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside after 42 d of treatment. In addition, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in liver of SHRs were also attenuated by long-term treatment with MK extract. These results suggest that chronic treatment with MK extract exerts an antihypertensive effect in SHRs, and its direct vasorelaxant, negative inotropic actions, and anti-oxidant properties may contribute to reduce the elevated blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Seok Oh
- Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Mate A, Barfull A, Hermosa AM, Gómez-Amores L, Vázquez CM, Planas JM. Regulation of sodium-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 in the intestine of hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 291:R760-7. [PMID: 16690767 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00524.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Experimental models of hypertension, such as spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), show alterations in cellular sodium transport that affects Na+-coupled cotransport processes and has been involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. The objective of the present study was to analyze the kinetic properties of the sodium-dependent glucose transport in the jejunum and ileum of SHR and its genetic control, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, as well as the regulation of the transporter, SGLT1. In hypertensive rats, the increased systolic blood pressure was accompanied by an enhancement of serum aldosterone levels compared with WKY rats, but no alterations were found in their body weight or serum glucose/insulin levels. The values for d-glucose maximal rate of transport (Vmax) were 42 and 60% lower, respectively, in the jejunum and ileum of SHR than those from WKY rats. On the other hand, the values for the Michaelis constant (Km) were similar in both animal groups, as was the diffusive component of transport (Kd). Immunoblotting and Northern blot analysis revealed the existence of a lower abundance of SGLT1 protein and mRNA in SHR. Moreover, hypertensive rats showed a decrease in the molecular mass of SGLT1 that could not be explained in terms of different glycosylation and/or phosphorylation levels or an alternative splicing in the expression of the protein. These findings demonstrate that SGLT1 is regulated at a transcriptional level in the intestine of hypertensive rats, and suggest that this transporter might participate in the dysregulation of sodium transport observed in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Mate
- Department of Physiology and Zoology, University of Seville, Spain
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