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Shi R, Yu R, Lian F, Zheng Y, Feng S, Li C, Zheng X. Targeting HSP47 for cancer treatment. Anticancer Drugs 2024; 35:623-637. [PMID: 38718070 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) serves as an endoplasmic reticulum residing collagen-specific chaperone and plays an important role in collagen biosynthesis and structural assembly. HSP47 is encoded by the SERPINH1 gene, which is located on chromosome 11q13.5, one of the most frequently amplified regions in human cancers. The expression of HSP47 is regulated by multiple cellular factors, including cytokines, transcription factors, microRNAs, and circular RNAs. HSP47 is frequently upregulated in a variety of cancers and plays an important role in tumor progression. HSP47 promotes tumor stemness, angiogenesis, growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastatic capacity. HSP47 also regulates the efficacy of tumor therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Inhibition of HSP47 expression has antitumor effects, suggesting that targeting HSP47 is a feasible strategy for cancer treatment. In this review, we highlight the function and expression of regulatory mechanisms of HSP47 in cancer progression and point out the potential development of therapeutic strategies in targeting HSP47 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Shi
- School of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, China
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Niwetbowornchai N, Chaisirirat T, Sriswasdi S, Saithong S, Filbertine G, Wright HL, Edwards SW, Virakul S, Chiewchengchol D. Regulation of dermal fibroblasts by human neutrophil peptides. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17499. [PMID: 37840103 PMCID: PMC10577140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44889-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) can induce cell proliferation and activation so their growth promoting activities may have potential clinical benefit. This study investigated the effects of HNPs on human dermal fibroblasts. Differential gene expression in HNP-treated cells and genes involved in regulating intracellular pathways were explored. Dermal fibroblasts were isolated from healthy neonatal foreskin and treated with HNPs in 2D and 3D cell culture systems. The expression of cell proliferation (Ki-67) gene and cell activation (COL1A1) gene plus their proteins was measured. Differential gene expression was determined using RNA-seq, and upregulated and downregulated genes were mapped onto intracellular pathways by KEGG analysis and Gene Ontology databases. HNPs significantly increased cell proliferation without cytotoxicity whilst HNP1 enhanced expression of COL1A1 and type I collagen production in 2D cells and 3D spheroids. RNA-sequencing analysis showed gene clustering with clear separation between HNP1-treated and control groups. A heatmap of top 50 differentially expressed genes was consistent among HNP1-treated samples. Most upregulated genes were associated with cell proliferation and activation as mapped into intracellular pathways whilst most downregulated genes belonged to steroid/arachidonic acid metabolism and inflammatory signaling pathways. HNP1 increased cell proliferation and activation but reduced lipid metabolism and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattarika Niwetbowornchai
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Immunology Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanawat Chaisirirat
- Center of Excellence in Computational Molecular Biology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sira Sriswasdi
- Center of Excellence in Computational Molecular Biology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supichcha Saithong
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Immunology Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Grace Filbertine
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Immunology Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Helen L Wright
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steven W Edwards
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sita Virakul
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Immunology Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Direkrit Chiewchengchol
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Immunology Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Sakamoto N, Okuno D, Tokito T, Yura H, Kido T, Ishimoto H, Tanaka Y, Mukae H. HSP47: A Therapeutic Target in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2387. [PMID: 37760828 PMCID: PMC10525413 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease characterized by a progressive decline in lung function and poor prognosis. The deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by myofibroblasts contributes to the stiffening of lung tissue and impaired oxygen exchange in IPF. Type I collagen is the major ECM component and predominant collagen protein deposited in chronic fibrosis, suggesting that type I collagen could be a target of drugs for fibrosis treatment. Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), encoded by the serpin peptidase inhibitor clade H, member 1 gene, is a stress-inducible collagen-binding protein. It is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident molecular chaperone essential for the correct folding of procollagen. HSP47 expression is increased in cellular and animal models of pulmonary fibrosis and correlates with pathological manifestations in human interstitial lung diseases. Various factors affect HSP47 expression directly or indirectly in pulmonary fibrosis models. Overall, understanding the relationship between HSP47 expression and pulmonary fibrosis may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriho Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takatomo Tokito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Kido
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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Kamilova AT, Azizova GK, Umarnazarova ZE, Abdullaeva DA, Geller SI. The Activity of Antimicrobial Peptides in Pediatric Celiac Disease. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:873793. [PMID: 35733815 PMCID: PMC9208658 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.873793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder of the gut in which innate and adaptive responses are involved. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute an arsenal of innate immunity regulators of paramount importance in the gut. However, the role of AMPs in CD is unclear. AIMS To evaluate the levels of fecal β-defensin-2, fecal calprotectin (FC), and antibodies against bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) in the serum of children with active CD and to compare them with those of healthy controls (HCs). METHODS We examined 76 children with recently diagnosed CD between the age of 2-10 years (average age: 6.1 ± 1.2 years) and 32 HC (average age: 6.2 ± 3.8 years) in this study. We evaluated the level of fecal β-defensin-2 and FC levels in coprofiltrates, and the level of anti-BPI antibodies in blood serum. Correlation relationships between the parameters were assessed according to Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS Fecal β-defensin-2 concentration was greater in the CD group than in HC group, amounting to 99.6 ± 15.5 ng/mL and 64.0 ± 2.4 ng/mL, respectively (p < 0.02). The level of FC in the CD children was 35.4 ± 8.1 μg/g, while that in the control group was 19.1 ± 1.1 μg/g, (p < 0.05), representing a slightly increase. The concentration of anti-BPI antibodies in the CD and HC groups was 35.9 ± 10.1 U/mL and 5.2 ± 3.2 U/mL, respectively (p < 0.002). There was a strong and direct correlation between fecal β-defensin-2 and FC (r = 0.69), as well as a direct but weak relationship between fecal β-defensin-2 and anti-BPI antibodies (r = 0.35). CONCLUSIONS Our data reinforce that fecal β-defensin-2 and anti-BPI antibodies are greatly increased in patients with active CD. These biomarkers may be components of epithelial innate immunity in the intestine, with each having a distinct functional role in intestinal6 mucosal defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altinoy T Kamilova
- Gastroenterology Department of Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center of Pediatrics Ministry of Health of Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Gulnoza K Azizova
- Gastroenterology Department of Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center of Pediatrics Ministry of Health of Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Zulkhumar E Umarnazarova
- Gastroenterology Department of Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center of Pediatrics Ministry of Health of Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Dilrabo A Abdullaeva
- Gastroenterology Department of Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center of Pediatrics Ministry of Health of Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Svetlana I Geller
- Gastroenterology Department of Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center of Pediatrics Ministry of Health of Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Huang W, Ge X. The role of heat shock proteins in the regulation of fibrotic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 135:111067. [PMID: 33383375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are key players to restore cell homeostasis and act as chaperones by assisting the folding and assembly of newly synthesized proteins and preventing protein aggregation. Recently, evidence has been accumulating that HSPs have been proven to have other functions except for the classical molecular chaperoning in that they play an important role in a wider range of fibrotic diseases via modulating cytokine induction and inflammation response, including lung fibrosis, liver fibrosis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The recruitment of inflammatory cells, a large number of secretion of pro-fibrotic cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and increased apoptosis, oxidative stress, and proteasomal system degradation are all events occurring during fibrogenesis, which might be associated with HSPs. However, their role on fibrotic process is not yet fully understood. In this review, we discuss new discoveries regarding the involvement of HSPs in the regulation of organ and tissue fibrosis, and note recent findings suggesting that HSPs may be a promising therapeutic target for improving the current frustrating outcome of fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226019, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Wenmin Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Xiaoqun Ge
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
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Sakamoto N, Ishimoto H, Kakugawa T, Satoh M, Hasegawa T, Tanaka S, Hara A, Nakashima S, Yura H, Miyamura T, Koyama H, Morita T, Nakamichi S, Obase Y, Ishimatsu Y, Mukae H. Elevated α-defensin levels in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with myositis-associated interstitial lung disease. BMC Pulm Med 2018. [PMID: 29530007 PMCID: PMC5848598 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0609-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a prognostic indicator of poor outcome in myositis. Although the pathogenesis of myositis-associated ILD is not well understood, neutrophils are thought to play a pivotal role. Neutrophils store azurophil granules that contain defensins, which are antimicrobial peptides that regulate the inflammatory response. Here, we evaluated levels of the human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) α-defensin 1 through 3 in patients with myositis-associated ILD to determine whether HNPs represent disease markers and play a role in the pathogenesis of myositis-associated ILD. METHODS HNP levels were measured in the plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 56 patients with myositis-associated ILD and 24 healthy controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Analysis revealed significantly higher HNP levels in plasma and BALF samples from patients with myositis-associated ILD as compared to those of healthy controls; however, plasma HNPs were significantly correlated with total cell counts in BALF. Additionally, BALF HNP levels were positively correlated with serum surfactant protein-A and the percentage of neutrophils in BALF, and BALF HNP levels correlated with the percentage of reticular opacities in high-resolution computed tomography results for patients with anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) antibody positive myositis-associated ILD. Survival did not differ between patients with higher and lower levels of plasma and BALF HNPs. CONCLUSIONS Plasma and BALF HNPs might reflect the disease activities of myositis-associated ILD, especially in patients with anti-ARS antibody positive myositis-associated ILD. However further studies are necessary to clarify whether HNPs represent disease markers and play roles in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriho Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ishimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kakugawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-0804, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hasegawa
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-0804, Japan
| | - Shin Tanaka
- Department of Human, Information and Life Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-0804, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shota Nakashima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takuto Miyamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hanako Koyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Towako Morita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Seiko Nakamichi
- Department of General Medicine, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yasushi Obase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishimatsu
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8520, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
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Sakamoto N, Kakugawa T, Hara A, Nakashima S, Yura H, Harada T, Ishimoto H, Yatera K, Kuwatsuka Y, Hara T, Ichinose K, Obase Y, Ishimatsu Y, Kohno S, Mukae H. Association of elevated α-defensin levels with interstitial pneumonia in patients with systemic sclerosis. Respir Res 2015; 16:148. [PMID: 26654954 PMCID: PMC4676113 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Although the pathogenesis of SSc-ILD is not well understood, neutrophils may play a pivotal role in this process. Neutrophils store azurophil granules that contain defensins, antimicrobial peptides that function in regulating the inflammatory response, and IL-8, a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils. The present study evaluated the levels of defensins and IL-8 in patients with SSc-ILD to determine their roles in disease pathogenesis. Methods Defensins (also known as human neutrophil peptides, HNPs) and IL-8 levels were measured in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 33 patients with SSc-ILD and in 20 healthy controls by using ELISA. Results BALF analysis revealed a significant increase in HNPs in SSc-ILD patients (median; 240.0 pg/mL) than that of healthy controls (79.7 pg/mL). Additionally, IL-8 levels were higher in SSc-ILD patient serum and BALF as compared to healthy controls (16.4 pg/mL vs. 5.8 pg/mL and 15.4 pg/mL vs. 14.5 pg/mL, respectively). However, plasma HNPs levels were relatively unchanged. HNP and IL-8 levels in patient BALF displayed a significant positive correlation significantly correlated (r = 0.774, p <0.01), and which also correlated with clinical disease parameters—such as ILD biomarkers, pulmonary function tests, ratio of neutrophils and eosinophils in BALF, tricuspid regurgitation peak gradient (TRPG), and the extent of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in the lung. Levels of plasma HNPs and serum IL-8 did not show a significant correlation with any clinical parameter. SSc-ILD progression was evaluated by pulmonary function tests, but no association was observed between VC change ratios and HNPs or IL-8 levels. Conclusions BALF levels of HNPs and IL-8 were higher in SSc-ILD than in healthy controls, and are associated with various clinical disease parameters. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of defensins and IL-8 in SSc-ILD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriho Sakamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Kakugawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Hara
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Shota Nakashima
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Yura
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhiko Harada
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ishimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Kuwatsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Hara
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Kunihiro Ichinose
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Obase
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuji Ishimatsu
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Kohno
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
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Sakamoto N, Ishimatsu Y, Kakugawa T, Yura H, Tomonaga M, Harada T, Nakashima S, Hara S, Hara A, Ishimoto H, Yatera K, Mukae H, Kohno S. Elevated plasma α-defensins in patients with acute exacerbation of fibrotic interstitial pneumonia. Respir Med 2015; 109:265-71. [PMID: 25596137 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with fibrosing interstitial lung diseases can develop acute exacerbation (AE). The aetiology of AE remains obscure, but neutrophils might play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis. Neutrophils store azurophil granules containing defensins that are antimicrobial peptides that also function in regulating the inflammatory response. The present study evaluates plasma levels of defensins in patients with AE of interstitial pneumonia (AE-IP) to determine their role(s) in the pathogenesis of AE-IP and whether defensins could serve as a biomarker of AE-IP. METHODS Plasma levels of defensins including human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) and human beta defensin 2 (HBD2) were measured using ELISA in 21 patients with AE-IP, 44 with stable (S)-IP, nine with IP complicated with pulmonary infection (Infec-IP), and in 23 healthy volunteers. Lung HNP expression was immunohistochemically analyzed in biopsy and autopsy tissues diagnosed as S-IP and AE-IP. RESULTS Plasma levels of HNPs were significantly higher in patients with AE-IP than with S-IP, but did not differ from those with Infec-IP and were not associated with other clinical features and prognosis. Plasma HNP were not specific in terms of distinguishing AE-IP from S-IP. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased HNPs expression in accumulated neutrophils from patients with AE-IP. Plasma levels of HBD2 did not differ among patients with AE-IP, S-IP and Infec-IP. CONCLUSIONS Elevated plasma levels of HNPs were higher in AE-IP than in S-IP, but not specific enough to serve as candidate biomarkers of AE-IP. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of defensins in the pathogenesis of AE-IP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriho Sakamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishimatsu
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kakugawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yura
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masaomi Tomonaga
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Harada
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shota Nakashima
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hara
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hara
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Kohno
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
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Stevens LA, Barbieri JT, Piszczek G, Otuonye AN, Levine RL, Zheng G, Moss J. Nonenzymatic conversion of ADP-ribosylated arginines to ornithine alters the biological activities of human neutrophil peptide-1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:6144-51. [PMID: 25392530 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Activated neutrophils, recruited to the airway of diseased lung, release human neutrophil peptides (HNP1-4) that are cytotoxic to airway cells as well as microbes. Airway epithelial cells express arginine-specific ADP ribosyltransferase (ART)-1, a GPI-anchored ART that transfers ADP-ribose from NAD to arginines 14 and 24 of HNP-1. We previously reported that ADP-ribosyl-arginine is converted nonenzymatically to ornithine and that ADP-ribosylated HNP-1 and ADP-ribosyl-HNP-(ornithine) were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, indicating that these reactions occur in vivo. To determine effects of HNP-ornithine on the airway, three analogs of HNP-1, HNP-(R14orn), HNP-(R24orn), and HNP-(R14,24orn), were tested for their activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus; their cytotoxic effects on A549, NCI-H441, small airway epithelial-like cells, and normal human lung fibroblasts; and their ability to stimulate IL-8 and TGF-β1 release from A549 cells, and to serve as ART1 substrates. HNP and the three analogs had similar effects on IL-8 and TGF-β1 release from A549 cells and were all cytotoxic for small airway epithelial cells, NCI-H441, and normal human lung fibroblasts. HNP-(R14,24orn), when compared with HNP-1 and HNP-1 with a single ornithine substitution for arginine 14 or 24, exhibited reduced cytotoxicity, but it enhanced proliferation of A549 cells and had antibacterial activity. Thus, arginines 14 and 24, which can be ADP ribosylated by ART1, are critical to the regulation of the cytotoxic and antibacterial effects of HNP-1. The HNP analog, HNP-(R14,24orn), lacks the epithelial cell cytotoxicity of HNP-1, but partially retains its antibacterial activity and thus may have clinical applications in airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Stevens
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joseph T Barbieri
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Amy N Otuonye
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rodney L Levine
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Gang Zheng
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joel Moss
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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Sun C, Zhu M, Yang Z, Pan X, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Xiao W. LL-37 secreted by epithelium promotes fibroblast collagen production: a potential mechanism of small airway remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Transl Med 2014; 94:991-1002. [PMID: 24955895 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the process of small airway remodeling is mediated by profibrotic growth factors produced by epithelium, which are capable of activating the underlying mesenchymal cells with excessive collagen production. It has been demonstrated that human cathelicidin antimicrobial protein LL-37 is highly expressed in small airway epithelium from COPD patients. However, it is unknown whether the increased levels of LL-37 in epithelium are involved in the pathogenesis of small airway remodeling in COPD. In this study, we examined the expression of LL-37 in small airways from smokers with COPD and controls (non-smokers and smokers without COPD) by immunohistochemistry, and then the association between LL-37 expression in epithelium and the structural changes of small airway remodeling was analyzed. In vitro, the effect of CSE-induced epithelial secretion of LL-37 on collagen production in human lung fibroblasts (HFL-1 cell line) was studied in a co-culture system. Finally, the signaling pathways involved in the effect of LL-37 on fibroblast collagen production were evaluated. The results showed that LL-37 immunoreactivity in airway epithelium was significantly elevated in smokers with COPD compared with controls. In addition, the magnitude of LL-37 expression in epithelium was positively correlated with airway wall thickness and collagen deposition. In vitro, CSE-induced epithelial secretion of LL-37 promoted fibroblast collagen production. Finally, we showed that formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1)-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway was essential for LL-37-induced collagen production in HFL-1 cells. These results suggest that after cigarette smoke exposure, the increased levels of LL-37 in airway epithelium could stimulate collagen production in the underlying lung fibroblasts and may contribute to small airway remodeling in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Maoxiang Zhu
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujie Pan
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuke Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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11
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Bellaye PS, Burgy O, Causse S, Garrido C, Bonniaud P. Heat shock proteins in fibrosis and wound healing: Good or evil? Pharmacol Ther 2014; 143:119-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Ibusuki R, Uto H, Arima S, Mawatari S, Setoguchi Y, Iwashita Y, Hashimoto S, Maeda T, Tanoue S, Kanmura S, Oketani M, Ido A, Tsubouchi H. Transgenic expression of human neutrophil peptide-1 enhances hepatic fibrosis in mice fed a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined diet. Liver Int 2013; 33:1549-56. [PMID: 23682724 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils infiltrate the livers of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) induce cytokine and chemokine production under inflammatory conditions, which may contribute to the progression of NASH. In this study, we focused on the effects of HNP-1 on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in a mouse model of NASH induced by a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet. MATERIALS & METHODS We generated transgenic mice expressing HNP-1 under the control of a β-actin-based promoter. HNP-1 transgenic and wild-type C57BL/6N mice were fed a CDAA diet for 16 weeks to induce hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Serological and histological features were examined, and the effects of HNP-1 on hepatic stellate cell lines were assessed. RESULTS HNP-1 transgenic and wild-type mice fed the CDAA diet showed no significant differences in serum alanine aminotransferase levels or the degree of hepatic steatosis based on Oil red O staining and hepatic triglyceride content. In contrast, Sirius Red and Azan staining showed significantly more severe hepatic fibrosis in HNP-1 transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice. In addition, significantly more α-smooth muscle actin-positive hepatic stellate cells were observed in the transgenic mice than in the wild-type mice. Finally, the proliferation of the LI90 hepatic stellate cell line increased in response to HNP-1. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that HNP-1 enhances hepatic fibrosis in fatty liver by inducing hepatic stellate cell proliferation. Thus, neutrophil-derived HNP-1 may contribute to the progression of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Ibusuki
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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13
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Ahn JK, Huang B, Bae EK, Park EJ, Hwang JW, Lee J, Koh EM, Cha HS. The role of -defensin-1 and related signal transduction mechanisms in the production of IL-6, IL-8 and MMPs in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 52:1368-76. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Gao Y, Xu X, Ding K, Liang Y, Jiang D, Dai H. Rapamycin inhibits transforming growth factor β1-induced fibrogenesis in primary human lung fibroblasts. Yonsei Med J 2013; 54:437-44. [PMID: 23364979 PMCID: PMC3576000 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2013.54.2.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was designed to determine whether rapamycin could inhibit transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced fibrogenesis in primary lung fibroblasts, and whether the effect of inhibition would occur through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream p70S6K pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary normal human lung fibroblasts were obtained from histological normal lung tissue of 3 patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Growth arrested, synchronized fibroblasts were treated with TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) and different concentrations of rapamycin (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 ng/mL) for 24 h. We assessed m-TOR, p-mTOR, S6K1, p-S6K1 by Western blot analysis, detected type III collagen and fibronectin secreting by ELISA assay, and determined type III collagen and fibronectin mRNA levels by real-time PCR assay. RESULTS Rapamycin significantly reduced TGF-β1-induced type III collagen and fibronectin levels, as well as type III collagen and fibronectin mRNA levels. Furthermore, we also found that TGF-β1-induced mTOR and p70S6K phosphorylation were significantly down-regulated by rapamycin. The mTOR/p70S6K pathway was activated through the TGF-β1-mediated fibrogenic response in primary human lung fibroblasts. CONCLUSION These results indicate that rapamycin effectively suppresses TGF-β1-induced type III collagen and fibronectin levels in primary human lung fibroblasts partly through the mTOR/p70S6K pathway. Rapamycin has a potential value in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Huaping Dai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
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Hisatomi K, Mukae H, Sakamoto N, Ishimatsu Y, Kakugawa T, Hara S, Fujita H, Nakamichi S, Oku H, Urata Y, Kubota H, Nagata K, Kohno S. Pirfenidone inhibits TGF-β1-induced over-expression of collagen type I and heat shock protein 47 in A549 cells. BMC Pulm Med 2012; 12:24. [PMID: 22694981 PMCID: PMC3403980 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-12-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pirfenidone is a novel anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory agent that inhibits the progression of fibrosis in animal models and in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We previously showed that pirfenidone inhibits the over-expression of collagen type I and of heat shock protein (HSP) 47, a collagen-specific molecular chaperone, in human lung fibroblasts stimulated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in vitro. The increased numbers of HSP47-positive type II pneumocytes as well as fibroblasts were also diminished by pirfenidone in an animal model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin. The present study evaluates the effects of pirfenidone on collagen type I and HSP47 expression in the human alveolar epithelial cell line, A549 cells in vitro. Methods The expression of collagen type I, HSP47 and E-cadherin mRNAs in A549 cells stimulated with TGF-β1 was evaluated by Northern blotting or real-time PCR. The expression of collagen type I, HSP47 and fibronectin proteins was assessed by immunocytochemical staining. Results TGF-β1 stimulated collagen type I and HSP47 mRNA and protein expression in A549 cells, and pirfenidone significantly inhibited this process. Pirfenidone also inhibited over-expression of the fibroblast phenotypic marker fibronectin in A549 cells induced by TGF-β1. Conclusion We concluded that the anti-fibrotic effects of pirfenidone might be mediated not only through the direct inhibition of collagen type I expression but also through the inhibition of HSP47 expression in alveolar epithelial cells, which results in reduced collagen synthesis in lung fibrosis. Furthermore, pirfenidone might partially inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Hisatomi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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Rios ECS, Moretti AS, Velasco IT, Souza HPD, Abatepaulo F, Soriano F. Hypertonic saline and reduced peroxynitrite formation in experimental pancreatitis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:469-76. [PMID: 21552675 PMCID: PMC3072010 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011000300019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we tested the hypothesis that hypertonic saline exerts anti-inflammatory effects by modulating hepatic oxidative stress in pancreatitis. INTRODUCTION The incidence of hepatic injury is related to severe pancreatitis, and hypertonic saline reduces pancreatic injury and mortality in pancreatitis. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (not subjected to treatment), untreated pancreatitis (NT, pancreatitis induced by a retrograde transduodenal infusion of 2.5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct with no further treatment administered), pancreatitis with normal saline (NS, pancreatitis induced as described above and followed by resuscitation with 0.9% NaCl), and pancreatitis with hypertonic saline (HS, pancreatitis induced as described above and followed by resuscitation with 7.5% NaCl). At 4, 12, and 24 h after pancreatitis induction, liver levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), heat-shock protein 70, nitrotyrosine (formation of peroxynitrite), nitrite/nitrate production, lipid peroxidation, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) release were determined. RESULTS Twelve hours after pancreatitis induction, animals in the HS group presented significantly lower iNOS expression (P<0.01 vs. NS), nitrite/nitrate levels (P<0.01 vs. NS), lipid peroxidation (P<0.05 vs. NT), and ALT release (P<0.01 vs. NS). Twenty-four hours after pancreatitis induction, nitrotyrosine expression was significantly lower in the HS group than in the NS group (P<0.05). DISCUSSION The protective effect of hypertonic saline was related to the establishment of a superoxide-NO balance that was unfavorable to nitrotyrosine formation. CONCLUSIONS Hypertonic saline decreases hepatic oxidative stress and thereby minimizes liver damage in pancreatitis.
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Amenomori M, Mukae H, Ishimatsu Y, Sakamoto N, Kakugawa T, Hara A, Hara S, Fujita H, Ishimoto H, Hayashi T, Kohno S. Differential effects of human neutrophil peptide-1 on growth factor and interleukin-8 production by human lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Exp Lung Res 2010; 36:411-9. [DOI: 10.3109/01902141003714049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Misato Amenomori
- 1Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- 2Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan; and Department of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishimatsu
- 1Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Noriho Sakamoto
- 1Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kakugawa
- 1Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hara
- 1Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hara
- 1Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hanako Fujita
- 1Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishimoto
- 1Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomayoshi Hayashi
- 3Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kohno
- 1Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
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Amenomori M, Mukae H, Sakamoto N, Kakugawa T, Hayashi T, Hara A, Hara S, Fujita H, Ishimoto H, Ishimatsu Y, Nagayasu T, Kohno S. HSP47 in lung fibroblasts is a predictor of survival in fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. Respir Med 2010; 104:895-901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Han W, Wang W, Mohammed KA, Su Y. Alpha-defensins increase lung fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis via the beta-catenin signaling pathway. FEBS J 2009; 276:6603-14. [PMID: 19814765 PMCID: PMC2879066 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07370.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-defensins are released from granules of leukocytes and are implicated in inflammatory and fibrotic lung diseases. In the present study, the effects of alpha-defensins on the proliferation and collagen synthesis of lung fibroblasts were examined. We found that alpha-defensin-1 and alpha-defensin-2 induced dose-dependent increases in the incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine into newly synthesized DNA in two lines of human lung fibroblasts (HFL-1 and LL-86), suggesting that alpha-defensin-1 and alpha-defensin-2 stimulate the proliferation of lung fibroblasts. alpha-defensin-1 and alpha-defensin-2 also increased collagen-I mRNA (COL1A1) levels and protein contents of collagen-I and active/dephosphorylated beta-catenin without changes in total beta-catenin protein content in lung fibroblasts (HFL-1 and LL-86). Inhibition of the beta-catenin signaling pathway using quercetin prevented increases in cell proliferation and the protein content of collagen-I and active/dephosphorylated beta-catenin in lung fibroblasts, and in COL1A1 mRNA levels and collagen release into culture medium induced by alpha-defensin-1 and alpha-defensin-2. Knocking-down beta-catenin using small interfering RNA technology also prevented alpha-defensin-induced increases in cell proliferation and the protein content of collagen-I and active/dephosphorylated beta-catenin in lung fibroblasts, and in COL1A1 mRNA levels. Moreover, increases in the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, accumulation/activation of beta-catenin, and collagen synthesis induced by alpha-defensin-1 and alpha-defensin-2 were prevented by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB203580 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. These results indicate that alpha-defensin-1 and alpha-defensin-2 stimulate proliferation and collagen synthesis of lung fibroblasts. The beta-catenin signaling pathway mediates alpha-defensin-induced increases in cell proliferation and collagen synthesis of lung fibroblasts. alpha-defensin-induced activation of beta-catenin in lung fibroblasts might be caused by phosphorylation/inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta as a result of the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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20
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Konishi K, Gibson KF, Lindell KO, Richards TJ, Zhang Y, Dhir R, Bisceglia M, Gilbert S, Yousem SA, Song JW, Kim DS, Kaminski N. Gene expression profiles of acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180:167-75. [PMID: 19363140 PMCID: PMC2714820 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200810-1596oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The molecular mechanisms underlying acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are poorly understood. We studied the global gene expression signature of acute exacerbations of IPF. OBJECTIVES To understand the gene expression patterns of acute exacerbations of IPF. METHODS RNA was extracted from 23 stable IPF lungs, 8 IPF lungs with acute exacerbation (IPF-AEx), and 15 control lungs and used for hybridization on Agilent gene expression microarrays. Functional analysis of genes was performed with Spotfire and Genomica. Gene validations for MMP1, MMP7, AGER, DEFA1-3, COL1A2, and CCNA2 were performed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry and in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase dUTP nick end-labeling assays were performed on the same tissues used for the microarray. ELISA for alpha-defensins was performed on plasma from control subjects, patients with stable IPF, and patients with IPF-AEx. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Gene expression patterns in IPF-AEx and IPF samples were similar for the genes that distinguish IPF from control lungs. Five hundred and seventy-nine genes were differentially expressed (false discovery rate < 5%) between stable IPF and IPF-AEx. Functional analysis of these genes did not indicate any evidence of an infectious or overwhelming inflammatory etiology. CCNA2 and alpha-defensins were among the most up-regulated genes. CCNA2 and alpha-defensin protein levels were also higher and localized to the epithelium of IPF-AEx, where widespread apoptosis was also detected. alpha-Defensin protein levels were increased in the peripheral blood of patients with IPF-AEx. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that IPF-AEx is characterized by enhanced epithelial injury and proliferation, as reflected by increases in CCNA2 and alpha-defensins and apoptosis of epithelium. The concomitant increase in alpha-defensins in the peripheral blood and lungs may suggest their use as biomarkers for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Konishi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Ishimoto H, Mukae H, Sakamoto N, Amenomori M, Kitazaki T, Imamura Y, Fujita H, Ishii H, Nakayama S, Yanagihara K, Kohno S. Different effects of telithromycin on MUC5AC production induced by human neutrophil peptide-1 or lipopolysaccharide in NCI-H292 cells compared with azithromycin and clarithromycin. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 63:109-14. [PMID: 18931390 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkn427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mucus hypersecretion is a prominent feature in patients with chronic respiratory tract infections such as cystic fibrosis and diffuse panbronchiolitis, and the clinical effectiveness of macrolide antibiotics has been reported in these patients. Because human neutrophil peptide-1 (HNP-1), an antimicrobial peptide in neutrophils, exists in high concentrations in the airway fluid of these patients, we examined the direct effect of HNP-1 on MUC5AC mucin production using NCI-H292 cells. The effects of macrolide antibiotics on the response were also examined. METHODS MUC5AC synthesis was assayed using RT-PCR and ELISA. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was determined by western blotting. RESULTS Stimulation with HNP-1 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa increases the production of MUC5AC mRNA and protein, and an additive effect was found upon co-stimulation with both HNP-1 and LPS. Azithromycin and clarithromycin had inhibitory effects on overproduction of MUC5AC induced by HNP-1 or LPS stimulation. Telithromycin also had an inhibitory effect on MUC5AC production induced by LPS, but not on production by HNP-1. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was induced by HNP-1 or LPS stimulation, and azithromycin, clarithromycin and telithromycin had inhibitory effects on ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by LPS, but not by HNP-1. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that neutrophil-derived defensins as bacterial components contribute to excessive mucus production in patients with respiratory tract infections, and that macrolide and ketolide antibiotics directly inhibit these actions by interfering with intracellular signal transduction. However, the mechanism of telithromycin inhibition of MUC5AC synthesis may differ from the response induced by azithromycin and clarithromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishimoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
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Park HJ, Cho DH, Kim HJ, Lee JY, Cho BK, Bang SI, Song SY, Yamasaki K, Di Nardo A, Gallo RL. Collagen synthesis is suppressed in dermal fibroblasts by the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 129:843-50. [PMID: 18923445 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
LL-37 is a human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide that is released in the skin after injury and acts to defend against infection and modulate the local cellular immune response. We observed in human dermal keloids that fibrosis was inversely related to the expression of cathelicidin and sought to determine how LL-37 influenced expression of types I and III collagen genes in dermal fibroblasts. At nano-molar concentrations, LL-37 inhibited baseline and transforming growth factor-beta-induced collagen expression. At these concentrations, LL-37 also induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) within 30 minutes. Activation of ERK, and the activation of a G-protein-dependent pathway, was essential for inhibition of collagen expression as pertussis toxin or an inhibitor of ERK blocked the inhibitory effects of LL-37. c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors did not alter the effects of cathelicidin. Silencing of the Ets-1 reversed inhibitory effects of LL-37. Taken together, these findings show that LL-37 can directly act on dermal fibroblasts and may have antifibrotic action during the wound repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Park
- Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Hara S, Mukae H, Sakamoto N, Ishimoto H, Amenomori M, Fujita H, Ishimatsu Y, Yanagihara K, Kohno S. Plectasin has antibacterial activity and no affect on cell viability or IL-8 production. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 374:709-13. [PMID: 18675251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Animals and plants express endogenous peptide antibiotics called defensins. Defensins show broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, even against bacteria that have resistance to conventional antibiotics, which has made them viable candidates for new antibiotics. However, human defensins have failed to reach the market because of their cytotoxic effects and non-antimicrobial bioactivities. Plectasin is a defensin that has shown promise but has not had its potentially negative effects clarified. To address this issue, we examined plectasin's cytotoxicity in human cells using an AlamarBlue reduction assay, its interleukin (IL)-8-inducing capacity using real-time PCR and ELISA, and measured its MIC against bacteria. We confirmed that plectasin has specific antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Plectasin showed no cytotoxicity to A549 cells, normal human bronchial epithelial cells, or lung fibroblasts, and it did not induce IL-8 transcription or production in A549 cells. Our results suggest that plectasin could be an inoffensive alternative antibiotic for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Hara
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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Nakayama S, Mukae H, Sakamoto N, Kakugawa T, Yoshioka S, Soda H, Oku H, Urata Y, Kondo T, Kubota H, Nagata K, Kohno S. Pirfenidone inhibits the expression of HSP47 in TGF-β1-stimulated human lung fibroblasts. Life Sci 2008; 82:210-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 11/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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