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Vajagathali M, Ramakrishnan V. Genetic predisposition of BDNF (rs6265) gene is susceptible to Schizophrenia: A prospective study and updated meta-analysis. Neurologia 2024; 39:361-371. [PMID: 38616064 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic polymorphism in the BDNF gene has been found to cause neuronal alterations and has been identified as a causal factor for many neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, various neurological case-control studies and meta-analyses have been conducted to find the possible link between BDNF and susceptibility to schizophrenia. METHOD This meta-analysis gathered data from 25 case-control studies including a total of 8384 patients with schizophrenia and 8821 controls in order to identify the relationship between the rs6265 single nucleotide polymorphism and the disease, evaluating the combined odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals under 5 different genetic models. Validation followed the "Leave one out" method, and we used the Egger test and Begg's funnel plot to identify publication bias. RESULTS Research into the rs6265 (G/A) polymorphism revealed a non-significant association with schizophrenia in all 5 genetic models; in the subgroup analysis, no association was found between white and Asian populations, with a p value>.05. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the updated meta-analysis revealed that rs6265 exonic polymorphisms do not increase susceptibility to this disease. However, to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease, there is a need for further case-control studies into the BDNF polymorphism including larger sample sizes and different ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vajagathali
- Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamilnadu, India
| | - V Ramakrishnan
- Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamilnadu, India.
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Peripheral Blood Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Patients with First Episode Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12040414. [PMID: 35447946 PMCID: PMC9027267 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Peripheral blood level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be used as a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker for schizophrenia. Previous studies were inconsistent. A systematic review was conducted to examine whether BDNF level is different in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) compared to health controls (HC) and whether it changes after treatment. Methods: Literature search was done in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar following standard procedures. Hedges’ g was used as the measure of effect size (ES), which was pooled with random effects model. Publication bias and moderator effects were examined. Results: Search yielded 29 studies with a total sample size of 2912. First meta-analysis included 27 studies with FEP vs. HC comparison. Pooled ES was −0.63, p < 0.001, indicating that BDNF level was lower in FEP than in HC. Studies were heterogeneous, and moderator analysis showed that studies of younger patient, higher symptom severity, and more drug naïve had larger ES. Second meta-analysis examined change in BDNF levels before and after antipsychotic treatment in eight studies. A pooled ES of −0.003 (p = 0.96) showed no change in peripheral BDNF level after treatment. Conclusion: Peripheral BDNF level was decreased in FEP compared to HC, but it did not change after treatment.
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Vajagathali M, Ramakrishnan V. Genetic predisposition of BDNF (rs6265) gene is susceptible to Schizophrenia: A prospective study and updated meta-analysis. Neurologia 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Huo L, Zheng Z, Lu X, Wu F, Ning Y, Zhang XY. Decreased Peripheral BDNF Levels and Cognitive Impairment in Late-Life Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:641278. [PMID: 34239458 PMCID: PMC8257950 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.641278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: There are relatively few studies on mechanisms of cognitive deficits in late-life schizophrenia (LLS). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as an important neuroplastic molecule, has been reported to be involved in neurocognitive impairment in schizophrenia. This study aimed to examine whether peripheral BDNF levels were associated with cognitive deficits in LLS, which has not been explored yet. Methods: Forty-eight LLS patients and 45 age-matched elderly controls were recruited. We measured all participants on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) for cognition and serum BDNF levels. Psychopathological symptoms in patients were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results: The levels of BDNF in LLS patients were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (8.80 ± 2.30 vs. 12.63 ± 5.08 ng/ml, p < 0.001). The cognitive performance of LLS patients was worse than that of the controls on RBANS total score and scores of immediate memory, attention, language, and delayed memory (all p ≤ 0.005). BDNF was positively associated with attention in LLS patients (r = 0.338, p = 0.019). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that older patients with schizophrenia exhibit lower BDNF levels and more cognitive deficits than older controls, supporting the accelerated aging hypothesis of schizophrenia. Moreover, decreased BDNF is related to attention deficits, indicating that BDNF might be a candidate biomarker of cognitive impairments in LLS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Huo
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kumar PK, Mitra P, Ghosh R, Sharma S, Nebhinani N, Sharma P. Association of circulating BDNF levels with BDNF rs6265 polymorphism in schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2020; 394:112832. [PMID: 32726665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder affecting 1% of the world population. Disturbances in neuronal development and synaptic connections are important factors in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family, plays a critical role in the development of neurons. Among several polymorphisms reported in BDNF, the rs6265 polymorphism is known to be associated with many neuropsychiatric diseases. This study was aimed to determine the effect of BDNF rs6265 functional polymorphism on serum BDNF concentration in patients with schizophrenia. In total, 50 schizophrenia patients and 50 controls were recruited after obtaining written informed consent. Serum BDNF levels were estimated using the ELISA method and BDNF rs6265 polymorphism was genotyped using T-ARMS PCR. Serum BDNF levels were decreased significantly in schizophrenia patients when compared to the healthy controls (p < 0.0001). Further, the rs6265 polymorphism was also not associated with the schizophrenia (p = 0.41). Intragroup analysis between different genotypes revealed no association between the serum BDNF levels and rs6265 polymorphism. Our results suggest that the functional polymorphism rs6265 is not associated with serum BDNF levels, which is in line with previous findings, which indicates that serum BDNF levels depend more on diagnostic effect than genetic effect. Replication studies on a larger study population are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pvsn Kiran Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Prasenjit Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Raghumoy Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Shailja Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Naresh Nebhinani
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
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A Longitudinal Study of Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in First-Episode Schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2020; 39:639-643. [PMID: 31688384 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers identified for psychosis might allow for early diagnosis, more accurate prognosis, and tailored individualized interventions. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is suggested to be a likely candidate biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment evaluation in psychosis. The aims of present study were to examine the levels of serum BDNF in both patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and in healthy controls for a year, and to investigate the association between BDNF with symptom severity and remission status. METHODS A sample of 31 healthy controls and 29 patients with FEP were included in this study. Diagnoses were ascertained on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR. Symptom severity was assessed on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Serum levels of BDNF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method at recruitment and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month time points. RESULTS Serum BDNF levels in both groups did not differ significantly over time. Baseline BDNF levels in patients with FEP did not correlate with symptom severity and neither baseline BDNF level nor its relative change at 3-month predicted remission status at 6- and 12-month follow-up visits. Of note, we observe similar fluctuations in serum BDNF levels in both patients and healthy controls over the 12-month period. CONCLUSIONS Findings from our study did not support a role for serum BDNF as a biomarker for patients with FEP. Because of the polygenic nature of psychosis, we recommend a comprehensive multimarker profile consisting of markers from representative components of mediated neuronal nutrition, neuroimmunology, and neurologic functional deficit to allow for better predictive power.
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Chen L, Li XS, Zheng GE, Xie GJ, Cheng Y. Peripheral blood BDNF-TrkB signaling in first-episode, drug-free patients with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2019; 714:134618. [PMID: 31711978 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, and studies have shown BDNF aberrations in major psychiatric diseases including schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, data from clinical studies were inconsistent. In this study, we recruited 34 patients with MDD, 77 patients with SCZ and 65 healthy control (HC) subjects to clarify the circulating BDNF levels in MDD and SCZ patients, and to assess whether serum BDNF levels were associated with the disease severity. Our results showed that serum BDNF levels were significantly decreased in the patients with SCZ (Mean difference = -4.517, 95%CI of difference = -7.854 to -1.180, p < 0.01) and MDD (Mean difference = -5.699, 95%CI of difference = -9.892 to -1.506, p < 0.01) when compared with HC subjects. Sub-group analyses suggested that BDNF levels were significantly reduced in the female SCZ (Mean difference = -5.700, 95%CI of difference = -10.21 to -1.189, p < 0.01) and MDD (Mean difference = -5.840, 95%CI of difference = -10.66 to -1.019, p < 0.05) patients, but not in male patients. Further analyses indicated that serum BDNF levels were not correlated with disease severity of MDD and SCZ. In addition, the transcriptional expression of TrkB was significantly down-regulated in the blood of MDD patients, but not in SCZ patients. However, there was no significant correlation between BDNF concentrations and TrkB mRNA levels. Taken together, our results revealed differential changes of BDNF-TrkB signaling in MDD and SCZ patients, therefore contributed to a better understanding of MDD and SCZ pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Song Li
- The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guang-En Zheng
- The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo-Jun Xie
- The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yong Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
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Chiou YJ, Huang TL. Accuracy of brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels for differentiating between Taiwanese patients with major depressive disorder or schizophrenia and healthy controls. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212373. [PMID: 30794585 PMCID: PMC6386307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been associated with the psychopathology of both major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SZ). However, studies focusing on the accuracy of BDNF levels to differentiate between these patients and healthy controls (HCs) have been rare. Methods Over a discrete ten-year period, we investigated serum BDNF levels in patients with MDD or SZ and compared them to HCs. Results We found serum BDNF levels in 224 samples with SZ to be lower than those in 390 HCs samples (p = 0.007), but not lower than those in the 273 samples with MDD. Male MDD patients tended to have lower BDNF levels compared to male HCs (p = 0.083). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that BDNF levels were moderately accurate in differentiating male MDD patients and female patients with SZ from HCs (AUC = 0.652 and 0.623, respectively). The most adequate cut-off points for BDNF level were 5.11 ng/ml (sensitivity = 81.1%, specificity = 48.5%) and 5.88 ng/ml (sensitivity = 74.1%, specificity = 57.4%), respectively. Conclusions Our results support that BDNF demonstrated moderate accuracy in distinguishing male patients with MDD and female patients with SZ from HCs. In the future, greater samples would be required to further confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Chiou
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tiao-Lai Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Rodrigues-Amorim D, Rivera-Baltanás T, Bessa J, Sousa N, Vallejo-Curto MDC, Rodríguez-Jamardo C, de Las Heras ME, Díaz R, Agís-Balboa RC, Olivares JM, Spuch C. The neurobiological hypothesis of neurotrophins in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 106:43-53. [PMID: 30269004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is associated with patterns of aberrant neurobiological circuitry. The disease complexity is mirrored by multiple biological interactions known to contribute to the disease pathology. One potential contributor is the family of neurotrophins which are proteins involved in multiple functional processes in the nervous system, with crucial roles in neurodevelopment, synaptogenesis and neuroplasticity. With these roles in mind, abnormal neurotrophin profiles have been hypothesized to contribute to the pathology of schizophrenia. METHODS We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis to scrutinize the neurobiological hypothesis of neurotrophins in schizophrenia, examining the correlation between peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and neurotrophin 4/5 (NT-4/5) associated with schizophrenia. RESULTS Fifty-two studies were reviewed and twenty-two studies were included in this meta-analysis. Using a random effects model, we confirmed that decreased levels of neurotrophins (BDNF, NGF and NT-4/5) were associated with schizophrenia (Hedges's g = -0.846; SE = 0.058; 95% confidence interval: -0.960 to -0.733; Z-value = -14.632; p-value = 0.000). Subgroup analysis indicated that neurotrophin levels are significantly decreased in both medicated and drug-näive patients. Meta-regression of continuous variables such as mean age, duration of illness and PANSS total score did not show significant effects (p > 0.05) in relation to neurotrophins levels. DISCUSSION We confirm that decreased peripheral neurotrophin levels are significantly associated with schizophrenia, thereby confirming the neurobiological hypothesis of neurotrophins in schizophrenia. Low levels of neurotrophins in peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia may explain, in part, the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues-Amorim
- Neuroscience Translational Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Tania Rivera-Baltanás
- Neuroscience Translational Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - João Bessa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - Cynthia Rodríguez-Jamardo
- Neuroscience Translational Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - María Elena de Las Heras
- Neuroscience Translational Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Roberto Díaz
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, URV, CIBERSAM, Reus, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | | | - J M Olivares
- Neuroscience Translational Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Spain.
| | - Carlos Spuch
- Neuroscience Translational Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Spain.
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Sanada K, de Azúa SR, Nakajima S, Alberich S, Ugarte A, Zugasti J, Vega P, Martínez-Cengotitabengoa M, González-Pinto A. Correlates of neurocognitive functions in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis - A 6-month follow-up study. Psychiatry Res 2018; 268:1-7. [PMID: 29986171 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are evident at the prodromal phase of psychosis. It has been noted that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is correlated with cognition in both preclinical and clinical studies. However, to our knowledge, no study has evaluated blood BDNF levels and their association with cognitive impairment in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR). We included 13 individuals at UHR and 30 healthy controls (HC) matched by sex, age, and educational level. Plasma BDNF levels were measured at baseline and 6 months. Neurocognitive functions (executive functions, speed of processing, verbal learning and memory, working memory) were examined at 6 months. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between BDNF levels and cognitive performance. BDNF levels were lower in UHR group than in HC group both at baseline and at 6 months (P = 0.001, and P = 0.007, respectively). There were no associations between plasma BDNF levels and all of the cognitive domains in both groups. Our findings showed that peripheral BDNF levels were not related to cognitive deficits in UHR and HC groups while the lower BDNF level in the former persisted up to 6 months. Further research is needed in a large sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sanada
- Department of Psychiatry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonia Ruiz de Azúa
- Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, BioAraba Research Institute, OSI Araba Vitoria, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; University of the Basque Country
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susana Alberich
- Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, BioAraba Research Institute, OSI Araba Vitoria, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Ugarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, BioAraba Research Institute, OSI Araba Vitoria, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jone Zugasti
- Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, BioAraba Research Institute, OSI Araba Vitoria, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Vega
- Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, BioAraba Research Institute, OSI Araba Vitoria, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez-Cengotitabengoa
- Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, BioAraba Research Institute, OSI Araba Vitoria, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; University of the Basque Country; National Distance Education University (UNED), Spain
| | - Ana González-Pinto
- Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, BioAraba Research Institute, OSI Araba Vitoria, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; University of the Basque Country.
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Man L, Lv X, Du XD, Yin G, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Soares JC, Yang XN, Chen X, Zhang XY. Cognitive impairments and low BDNF serum levels in first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2018; 263:1-6. [PMID: 29482040 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Evidence shows that BDNF may regulate activity-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory. Previous studies reported low BDNF levels and cognitive impairment in the early stage of schizophrenia. Our current study aimed to explore the association between serum BDNF and cognitive functions in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) patients with schizophrenia, which has been under-investigated. We recruited 80 FEDN patients and 80 healthy controls and examined the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and serum BDNF in both groups. Patient psychopathology was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). BDNF levels were significantly lower in patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). The RBANS total score and nearly all indexes (all p < 0.001) except for visuospatial/constructional index (p > 0.05) were significantly lower in patients than controls. No significant correlation was found between BDNF and any index or total scores of RBANS in either patients or healthy controls (all p > 0.05). However, the PANSS negative subscale score were negatively associated with both the immediate memory and language indexes (both p < 0.005). Our findings suggest that excessive cognitive impairments are present in the early stage of schizophrenia. Low BDNF may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, but maybe not to its cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Man
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Lv
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 286 Guangji Rd 21500, Suzhou Shi 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Du
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 286 Guangji Rd 21500, Suzhou Shi 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guangzhong Yin
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 286 Guangji Rd 21500, Suzhou Shi 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhu
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 286 Guangji Rd 21500, Suzhou Shi 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yingyang Zhang
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 286 Guangji Rd 21500, Suzhou Shi 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xu-Na Yang
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 286 Guangji Rd 21500, Suzhou Shi 215008, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xingshi Chen
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 286 Guangji Rd 21500, Suzhou Shi 215008, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, USA.
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Bi XJ, Lv XM, Ai XY, Sun MM, Cui KY, Yang LM, Wang LN, Yin AH, Liu LF. Childhood trauma interacted with BDNF Val66Met influence schizophrenic symptoms. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0160. [PMID: 29595641 PMCID: PMC5895403 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene - environment (G × E) interaction effect is involved in severe mental disorders. However, whether the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism participates in the childhood-abuse influenced schizophrenic symptoms remains unclear. We examined the interaction between BDNF Val66Met, and childhood trauma (ChT) on psychotic symptoms in a Chinese Han population.To estimate the G × E interaction, psychiatric interviews, self-report questionnaires for ChT, and genotyping for BDNF Val66Met were carried out on 201 schizophrenic patients. G × E interactions were analyzed by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR).Among all patients, 11.9%, 19.4%, 23.4%, 26.4%, and 73.6% reported emotional abuses, physical abuses (PA), sexual abuses (SA), emotional neglects (EN), and physical neglects (PN), respectively. Significant negative correlations were observed between anxiety/depression factors, and ChT total scores. Patients with 3 different BDNF genotypes showed significant differences in anxiety/depression scores. Significant 2-way interactions were found for Val66Met × PN, 3-way interactions were found for Val66Met × PN × PA, and four-way interactions were found for Val66Met × PN × PA × EN with regard to the excitement scores.Our findings suggested an involvement of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism after ChT in terms of risk for schizophrenia symptoms.
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Li C, Tao H, Yang X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Tang Y, Tang A. Assessment of a combination of Serum Proteins as potential biomarkers to clinically predict Schizophrenia. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:900-906. [PMID: 30008602 PMCID: PMC6036096 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.24346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a devastating psychiatric disorder. Validation of potential serum biomarkers during first-episode psychosis (FEP) is especially helpful to understand the onset and prognosis of this disorder. To address this question, we examined multiple blood biomarkers and assessed the efficacy to diagnose SZ. The expression levels of Neuregulin1 (NRG1), ErbB4, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), DNA methyltransferases 1 (DNMT1) and ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) proteins in peripheral blood of 53 FEP patients and 57 healthy controls were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Multivariable logistic regression including biomarker concentration as covariates was used to predict SZ. Differentiating performance of these five serum protein levels was analyzed by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. We found that patients with SZ present a higher concentration of DNMT1, and TET1 in peripheral blood, but a lower concentration of NRG1, ErbB4 and BDNF than controls. Multivariable logistic regression showed that ErbB4, BDNF and TET1 were independent predictors of SZ, and when combined, provided high diagnostic accuracy for SZ. Together, our findings highlight that altered expression of NRG1, ErbB4, BDNF, DNMT1 and TET1 are involved in schizophrenia development and they may serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of the schizophrenia. Therefore, our study provides evidence that combination of ErbB4, BDNF and TET1 biomarkers could greatly improve the diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunyan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The first affiliated hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Huai Tao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Xiudeng Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xianghui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Mental Health Institute of Central South University & Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China; China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya) & China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Mental Health Institute of Central South University & Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China; China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya) & China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Aiguo Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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Bakirhan A, Yalcin Sahiner S, Sahiner IV, Safak Y, Goka E. Association of serum brain derived neurotropic factor with duration of drug-naive period and positive-negative symptom scores in drug naive schizophrenia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189373. [PMID: 29287075 PMCID: PMC5747443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to compare the serum brain derived neurotropic factor (BNDF) levels of patients with schizophrenia who had never received an antipsychotic treatment with those of a control group. Also, to analyze the relationship between the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) scores and BDNF levels of the patients during the period they were drug-naive. Materials and methods The sample of the study comprised patients who presentedto the Psychiatry Clinic and were admitted after a distinctive schizophrenia diagnosis was made in accordance with the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) diagnosis classification and who were not using and never had any antipsychotic medicine. A total of 160 participants were included in the study, 80 of whom had schizophrenia patients and 80 constituted the age- and sex-matched healthy control group. Before the start of the treatment, the serum samples to be checked for the BDNF levels were collected from the patients. Results The difference between the average BDNF levels of the groups were statistically significant (t = -5.25; p˂.001). An analysis as to whether there was a relation between the BDNF levels and the drug-naïve duration indicated no correlations. An examination of the relationship between PANSS scores and BDNF levels of the patients yielded no correlations. Discussion Serum BDNF levels seem to be one of the indicators of schizophrenia and its progress; nevertheless, we still do not have sufficient information about this neurotropic factor. In light of our study, the neurodevelopmental changes that occur at disease onset of the illness prominently affect the progress of the illness, which highlights the importance of the treatment in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahim Bakirhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Elbistan State Hospital, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Yasir Safak
- Department of Psychiatry, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erol Goka
- Department of Psychiatry, Numune Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Skibinska M, Groszewska A, Kapelski P, Rajewska-Rager A, Pawlak J, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Szczepankiewicz A, Twarowska-Hauser J. Val66Met functional polymorphism and serum protein level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in acute episode of schizophrenia and depression. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 70:55-59. [PMID: 29331787 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) influences neuron differentiation during development as well as the synaptic plasticity and neuron survival in adulthood. BDNF has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and depression. Val66Met polymorphism and BDNF serum level are potential biomarkers in neuropsychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of BDNF gene Val66Met functional polymorphism on serum BDNF concentration in patients with schizophrenia, during depression episode and in healthy control group. METHODS 183 participants were recruited (61 patients with depressive episode, 56 females with schizophrenia, 66 healthy controls) from Polish population. Serum BDNF levels were measured using ELISA method. Val66Met polymorphism was genotyped using PCR- RFLP method. RESULTS Serum BDNF levels were not associated with Val66Met polymorphism in either of the groups. A significant increase of BDNF level in schizophrenia (p = 0.0005) and depression (p = 0.026) comparing to the control group has been observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the functional Val66Met BDNF polymorphism is not associated with BDNF serum levels, which is in line with previous findings. Replication studies on larger groups are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Skibinska
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Agata Groszewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Pawel Kapelski
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Pawlak
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Twarowska-Hauser
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Chiou YJ, Huang TL. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factors in Taiwanese patients with drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia: Effects of antipsychotics. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:382-391. [PMID: 27643618 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1224925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) are known to be related to the psychopathology of schizophrenia. However, studies focussing on drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia are still rare. METHODS Over a 5-year period, we investigated the serum BDNF levels in patients with first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia and compared them to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We also explored the association between antipsychotic doses, positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores, and serum BDNF levels before and after a 4-week antipsychotic treatment. RESULTS The baseline serum BDNF levels of 34 patients were significantly lower than those of the controls (df = 66, P = .001). Although the PANSS scores of 20 followed-up patients improved significantly after antipsychotic treatment, the elevation of the serum BDNF levels was not statistically significant (P = .386). In addition, Pearson's correlation test showed significant correlations between pre-treatment negative scale scores and percentage changes in BDNF (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS The peripheral BDNF levels in Taiwanese patients with drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia, compared with healthy controls, did not elevate after antipsychotic treatment, and pre-treatment negative symptoms played a pivotal role in trajectories of serum BDNF levels. Large samples will be needed in future studies to verify these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Chiou
- a Department of Psychiatry , Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Tiao-Lai Huang
- a Department of Psychiatry , Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
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Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in Individuals With Schizophrenia and Healthy Aging: Testing the Accelerated Aging Hypothesis of Schizophrenia. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2017; 19:36. [PMID: 28534294 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-017-0794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Schizophrenia has been hypothesized to be a syndrome of accelerated aging. Brain plasticity is vulnerable to the normal aging process and affected in schizophrenia: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important neuroplasticity molecule. The present review explores the accelerated aging hypothesis of schizophrenia by comparing changes in BDNF expression in schizophrenia with aging-associated changes. RECENT FINDINGS Individuals with schizophrenia show patterns of increased overall mortality, metabolic abnormalities, and cognitive decline normally observed later in life in the healthy population. An overall decrease is observed in BDNF expression in schizophrenia compared to healthy controls and in older individuals compared to a younger cohort. There is a marked decrease in BDNF levels in the frontal regions and in the periphery among older individuals and those with schizophrenia; however, data for BDNF expression in the occipital, parietal, and temporal cortices and the hippocampus is inconclusive. Accelerated aging hypothesis is supported based on frontal regions and peripheral studies; however, further studies are needed in other brain regions.
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Rathod R, Kale A, Joshi S. Novel insights into the effect of vitamin B₁₂ and omega-3 fatty acids on brain function. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:17. [PMID: 26809263 PMCID: PMC4727338 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by cognitive decline is increasing at an alarming rate and account for a significant proportion of the global disease burden. Evidences from human and animal studies indicate that neurocognitive development is influenced by various environmental factors including nutrition. It has been established that nutrition affects the brain throughout life. However, the mechanisms through which nutrition modulates mental health are still not well understood. It has been suggested that the deficiencies of both vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids can have adverse effects on cognition and synaptic plasticity. Studies indicate a need for supplementation of vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids to reduce the risk of cognitive decline, although the results of intervention trials using these nutrients in isolation are inconclusive. In the present article, we provide an overview of vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids, the possible mechanisms and the evidences through which vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids modulate mental health and cognition. Understanding the role of vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids on brain functioning may provide important clues to prevent early cognitive deficits and later neurobehavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Rathod
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Anvita Kale
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India.
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19
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Lower Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor Levels in Untreated Adolescents With First-Episode Psychosis. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2015; 35:596-9. [PMID: 26267416 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) is known to play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, the relationship between early onset schizophrenia and BDNF has not been extensively studied. The aim of the study was to compare the levels of BDNF between adolescent patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and the healthy control subjects. METHOD The study was conducted in the Department of Child Psychiatry at Dicle University. A total of 26 adolescent patients aged between 11 and 17 years who had not received previous therapy and whose conditions were diagnosed with psychosis according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, and 26 age- and sex-matched healthy adolescent control subjects were included. Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime version, and the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale were conducted with all participants. The clinical global impression was used to evaluate disease severity. The BDNF levels were measured in the serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS The mean (SD) age was 14.6 (1.6) years in both FEP group (male/female, 11/15) and the control group (P > 0.05). The FEP group had significantly lower serum BDNF levels (2.0 ± 1.9 ng/mL) compared with the control group (3.4 ± 3.0 ng/mL, P = 0.03). There was no significant relationship between BDNF concentration and the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (positive and negative scores) scores (r = -0.14, P = 0.74 and r = 0.49, P = 0.22, respectively). There was no significant relationship between the duration of untreated psychosis and serum BDNF levels (r = -0.22, P = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS High incidence of schizophrenia in patients with FEP suggests a relationship between BDNF levels and the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. We suggest that BDNF may be a useful neurobiological marker of early onset schizophrenia.
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20
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Du X, Hill R. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone as a pro-neurotrophic treatment for neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurochem Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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Tao B, Xu S, Pan X, Gao Q, Wang W. Personality trait correlates of color preference in schizophrenia. Transl Neurosci 2015; 6:174-178. [PMID: 28123802 PMCID: PMC4936627 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2015-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of the present study was to evaluate the color preferences of patients with schizophrenia and their correlations with personality traits. METHODOLOGY Sixty-three patients with schizophrenia and 59 healthy volunteers were asked to undertake the color preference and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) tests. RESULTS The healthy volunteers showed a greater preference for green but a lesser one for brown compared to the patients with schizophrenia. Patients scored higher than the healthy volunteers on the ZKPQ Neuroticism-Anxiety and Activity scales. Moreover, in patients, black preference ranking was associated with the Neuroticism-Anxiety, whereas pink and orange preferences were negatively associated with Activity; white preference correlated negatively with Sociability. CONCLUSIONS Patients with schizophrenia preferred green less but brown more, and displayed their personality correlates of these color preferences. These findings are suggesting that patients with schizophrenia should be encouraged to be more exposed to bright colors such as green and white, and less to dark colors such as black, during therapy and rehabilitation sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiping Tao
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry / School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; The Third People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Shaofang Xu
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry / School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Pan
- The Third People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry / School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry / School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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22
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Fernandes BS, Steiner J, Berk M, Molendijk ML, Gonzalez-Pinto A, Turck CW, Nardin P, Gonçalves CA. Peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor in schizophrenia and the role of antipsychotics: meta-analysis and implications. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1108-19. [PMID: 25266124 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been postulated that schizophrenia (SZ) is related to a lower expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In the past few years, an increasing number of divergent clinical studies assessing BDNF in serum and plasma have been published. It is now possible to verify the relationship between BDNF levels and severity of symptoms in SZ as well as the effects of antipsychotic drugs on BDNF using meta-analysis. The aims of this study were to verify if peripheral BDNF is decreased in SZ, whether its levels are correlated with positive and negative symptomatology and if BDNF levels change after antipsychotic treatment. This report consists of two distinct meta-analyses of peripheral BDNF in SZ including a total of 41 studies and more than 7000 participants: (1) peripheral BDNF levels in serum and plasma were moderately reduced in SZ compared with controls. Notably, this decrease was accentuated with the disease duration. However, the extent of peripheral BDNF level decrease did not correlate with the severity of positive and negative symptoms. (2) In plasma, but not serum, peripheral BDNF levels are consistently increased after antipsychotic treatment irrespective of the patient's response to medication. In conclusion, there is compelling evidence that there are decreased levels of peripheral BDNF in SZ, in parallel to previously described reduced cerebral BDNF expression. It remains unclear whether these systemic changes are causally related to the development of SZ or if they are merely a pathologic epiphenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Fernandes
- Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins in the Central Nervous System, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Orygen Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - M L Molendijk
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Gonzalez-Pinto
- University of the Basque Country, Biomedical Research Center in Mental HealthNet (CIBERSAM), Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
| | - C W Turck
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - P Nardin
- Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins in the Central Nervous System, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C-A Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins in the Central Nervous System, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene Val66Met Polymorphism and Risk of Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis of Case-Control Studies. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:1-10. [PMID: 26134309 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
According to evidences from previous family and association studies, it has been claimed that genetic factors are involved in the neuropathogenesis of Schizophrenia disorder. Whether the Val66Met variant of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene plays any roles in the pathogenesis of this syndrome or could be a potential biomarker for prognosis of this disorder has been a long-standing controversial issue. We performed a meta-analysis restricted to case-control studies and searched Pubmed, PsychInfo, and Google scholar using keywords including 'association,' 'Val66Met,' 'BDNF,' and 'schizophrenia' published up to May 1, 2015. A total of 39 studies for schizophrenia were combined by fixed- and random-effects models. The pooled results from the schizophrenia sample indicated no significant evidence for the association of Val/Val and Val/Met genotypes of BDNF gene with schizophrenia, but it was observed that there is an association between Met/Met polymorphism and schizophrenia in Asian, European, and Chinese populations, this means that the risk of schizophrenia in Asian, European, and Chinese populations with Met/Met genotype is, respectively, 9, 26, and 9%. There was a significant association between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and schizophrenia in our meta-analysis study. We cannot rule out the possibility that other polymorphisms in the BDNF gene are involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In addition, more studies should be conducted on the polymorphisms in other genes to elucidate their possible roles in schizophrenia.
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Toll A, Mané A. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in first episode of psychosis: A systematic review. World J Psychiatry 2015; 5:154-159. [PMID: 25815265 PMCID: PMC4369546 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v5.i1.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To systematically review studies measuring peripheric brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels on first-episode psychosis patients and variables related to them.
METHODS: A systematic search was made of articles published in the Medline database from 2002 up to June 2014. Included are original studies that report enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measurement of BDNF levels in serum or plasma in patients with a diagnosis of first episode psychosis (FEP) and age- and gender- matched healthy controls.
RESULTS: Of the initially identified 147 articles, only 18 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Of this, 15 found a significant reduction in patients with FEP compared with age- and gender - matched controls.
CONCLUSION: Peripheral BDNF levels are generally reduced in FEP patients. There are some factors that may influence BDNF levels that need to be further studied. Furthermore, a future meta-analysis in this topic is needed.
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Zhao X, Huang Y, Chen K, Li D, Han C, Kan Q. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism is not associated with schizophrenia: An updated meta-analysis of 11,480 schizophrenia cases and 13,490 controls. Psychiatry Res 2015; 225:217-220. [PMID: 25468641 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Song X, Fan X, Li X, Kennedy D, Pang L, Quan M, Chen X, Gao J, Zhang W, Zhang J, Lv L. Serum levels of BDNF, folate and homocysteine: in relation to hippocampal volume and psychopathology in drug naïve, first episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2014; 159:51-5. [PMID: 25128453 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was to examine serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), folate, homocysteine (Hcy), and their relationships with hippocampal volume and psychopathology in drug naïve, first episode schizophrenia. METHOD Drug naïve, first episode schizophrenia patients and healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum levels of BDNF, folate and Hcy were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA), and enzymatic cycling method respectively. Hippocampus was parcellated and bilateral hippocampal volumes were measured using FreeSurfer. RESULTS Forty-six patients with drug naïve, first episode schizophrenia (SZ group) and 30 healthy controls (control group) were enrolled. The SZ group had significantly lower serum levels of BDNF and folate, and significantly higher serum levels of Hcy compared with the control group (p=0.013, p<0.001, p=0.003 respectively). There were no significant differences in hippocampal volumes between the two groups (ps>0.2). Within the SZ group, there were significant positive relationships between serum levels of BDNF and both left and right hippocampal volumes (r=0.327, p=0.026; r=0.338, p=0.022 respectively). In contrast, such relationships did not exist in the control group. Within the SZ group, there were significant negative relationships between serum levels of folate and PANSS-total scores and PANSS-negative symptom scores (r=0.319, p=0.031; r=0.321, p=0.030 respectively); and there was a positive relationship between serum levels of Hcy and PANSS-total scores (r=0.312, p=0.035). Controlling for potential confounding variables resulted in similar findings. CONCLUSIONS Drug naïve, first episode schizophrenia presents decreased serum levels of BDNF, folate and increased serum levels of Hcy, which may play an important role in the neurodevelopmental process and clinical manifestation of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Province Biological Psychiatry Key Laboratory, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Xiaoduo Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Xue Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - David Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Lijuan Pang
- The First Affiliated Hospital/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meina Quan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Xumei Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianjiang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luxian Lv
- Henan Province Biological Psychiatry Key Laboratory, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Province Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital/Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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27
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Roncero C, Daigre C, Barral C, Ros-Cucurull E, Grau-López L, Rodríguez-Cintas L, Tarifa N, Casas M, Valero S. Neuroticism associated with cocaine-induced psychosis in cocaine-dependent patients: a cross-sectional observational study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106111. [PMID: 25254365 PMCID: PMC4177812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine consumption can induce transient psychotic symptoms, which has been correlated with more severe addiction and aggressive behavior. However, little is known about the nature of the relationship between personality traits and psychotic symptoms in cocaine-dependent patients. This study examined the relationship between neuroticism and cocaine-induced psychosis. METHODS A total of 231 cocaine-dependent patients seeking treatment were recruited to the study. Personality was evaluated by the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire. Cocaine-induced psychosis questionnaire, SCID-I, and SCID-II were used to evaluate comorbidity and clinical characteristics. Data analysis was performed in three steps: descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Cocaine-induced psychosis was reported in 65.4% of the patients and some personality disorder in 46.8%. Two personality dimensions (Neuroticism-Anxiety and Aggression-Hostility) presented a significant effect on the risk of experiencing psychotic symptoms (t(229) = 2.69, p = 0.008; t(229) = 2.06, p = 0.004), and patients with psychotic symptoms showed higher scores in both variables. On the multivariate analysis, only Neuroticism remained as a significant personality factor independently associated with psychotic symptoms (Wald = 7.44, p<0.05, OR = 1.08, CI 95% 1.02-1.16) after controlling for age, gender and number of consumption substances. CONCLUSIONS An association between high neuroticism scores and presence of psychotic symptoms induced by cocaine has been found, independently of other consumption variables. Personality dimensions should be evaluated in cocaine-dependent patients in order to detect high scores of neuroticism and warn patients about the risk of developing cocaine-induced psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Roncero
- Outpatient Drug Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital - Public Health Agency, Barcelona (ASPB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Constanza Daigre
- Outpatient Drug Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital - Public Health Agency, Barcelona (ASPB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Barral
- Outpatient Drug Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital - Public Health Agency, Barcelona (ASPB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Ros-Cucurull
- Outpatient Drug Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital - Public Health Agency, Barcelona (ASPB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Grau-López
- Outpatient Drug Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital - Public Health Agency, Barcelona (ASPB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Rodríguez-Cintas
- Outpatient Drug Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital - Public Health Agency, Barcelona (ASPB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Tarifa
- Outpatient Drug Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital - Public Health Agency, Barcelona (ASPB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Casas
- Department of Psychiatry, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Valero
- Department of Psychiatry, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Refining and integrating schizophrenia pathophysiology – Relevance of the allostatic load concept. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 45:183-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Chen SL, Lee SY, Chang YH, Chen SH, Chu CH, Wang TY, Chen PS, Lee IH, Yang YK, Hong JS, Lu RB. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in Han Chinese patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 51:99-104. [PMID: 24468644 PMCID: PMC7137229 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) is widely distributed in the peripheral and central nervous systems. BDNF and its gene polymorphism may be important in synaptic plasticity and neuron survival, and may become a key target in the physiopathology of several mental illnesses. To elucidate the role of BDNF, we compared the plasma BDNF levels and the BDNF Val66Met gene variants effect in several mental disorders. METHOD We enrolled 644 participants: 177 patients with bipolar I disorder (BP-I), 190 with bipolar II disorder (BP-II), 151 with schizophrenia, and 126 healthy controls. Their plasma BDNF levels and BDNF Val66Met single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were checked before pharmacological treatment. RESULTS Plasma levels of BDNF were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy controls and patients with bipolar disorder (F = 37.667, p<0.001); the distribution of the BDNF Val66Met SNP was not different between groups (χ(2) = 5.289, p = 0.507). Nor were plasma BDNF levels significantly different between Met/Met, Met/Val, and Val/Val carriers in each group, which indicated that the BDNF Val66Met SNP did not influence plasma BDNF levels in our participants. Plasma BDNF levels were, however, significantly negatively correlated with depression scores in patients with bipolar disorder and with negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION We conclude that plasma BDNF profiles in different mental disorders are not affected by BDNF Val66Met gene variants, but by the process and progression of the illness itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiou-Lan Chen
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University,Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University;,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University
| | - Yun-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University,Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University
| | - Shih-Heng Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University,Neuropharmacology Section, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chun-Hsien Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University,Neuropharmacology Section, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tzu-Yun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University,Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University;,Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Tainan
| | - Po-See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University,Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University;,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University
| | - I-Hui Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University,Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University;,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University
| | - Yen-Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University,Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University;,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University
| | - Jau-Shyong Hong
- Neuropharmacology Section, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ru-Band Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan; Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Institute of Behavior Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan.
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30
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Zakharyan R, Boyajyan A. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor blood levels are decreased in schizophrenia patients and associate with rs6265 genotypes. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:1052-5. [PMID: 24713399 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A growing number of studies implicate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an important promoter of synaptic transmission and neural plasticity, in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, the existing data are controversial, that may reflect population differences between studied groups. DESIGN AND METHODS In the present study we performed a comparative analysis of BDNF plasma levels and its relation with rs6265 (G196A; Val66Met) polymorphism of BDNF gene (BDNF) in schizophrenia-affected and healthy subjects (controls) of the Armenian population. To check the influence of antipsychotics on BDNF plasma levels both medicated and non-medicated patients were involved in this study. Patients with paranoid form of schizophrenia chronically treated with typical antipsychotics (n=103), age- and sex-matched controls (n=105), and 25 antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients were involved. The levels of BDNF in the blood plasma were measured with a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Decreased plasma levels of BDNF in both medicated and non-medicated schizophrenia patients compared to controls were observed. No significant difference in BDNF levels between medicated and non-medicated patients was detected. It was also detected that, compared to individuals homozygous for the standard allele (G/G) of rs6265, carriers of the rs6265 minor allele (A/G+A/A), which is significantly more frequent in schizophrenia patients than in controls, had decreased BDNF levels. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained suggested that the pathogenesis of schizophrenia is characterized by genetically predetermined decreased blood levels of BDNF. These results indicated that genetically determined alterations of neuroimmune modulators may be among the risk factors of schizophrenia and contribute to disease-specific pathologic changes in functional activity of both the neuronal synaptic plasticity and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roksana Zakharyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia (NAS RA), 7 Hasratyan St., 0014 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Anna Boyajyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia (NAS RA), 7 Hasratyan St., 0014 Yerevan, Armenia.
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