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Suzuki R, Arita T. An evolutionary model of personality traits related to cooperative behavior using a large language model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5989. [PMID: 38503778 PMCID: PMC10951268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to demonstrate that Large Language Models (LLMs) can empower research on the evolution of human behavior, based on evolutionary game theory, by using an evolutionary model positing that instructing LLMs with high-level psychological and cognitive character descriptions enables the simulation of human behavior choices in game-theoretical scenarios. As a first step towards this objective, this paper proposes an evolutionary model of personality traits related to cooperative behavior using a large language model. In the model, linguistic descriptions of personality traits related to cooperative behavior are used as genes. The deterministic strategies extracted from LLM that make behavioral decisions based on these personality traits are used as behavioral traits. The population is evolved according to selection based on average payoff and mutation of genes by asking LLM to slightly modify the parent gene toward cooperative or selfish. Through experiments and analyses, we clarify that such a model can indeed exhibit evolution of cooperative behavior based on the diverse and higher-order representation of personality traits. We also observed repeated intrusion of cooperative and selfish personality traits through changes in the expression of personality traits. The words that emerged in the evolved genes reflected the behavioral tendencies of their associated personalities in terms of semantics, thereby influencing individual behavior and, consequently, the evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiji Suzuki
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Takaya Arita
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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2
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McGrath JL, Reynolds MS. Recognizing and Responding to Patients with Personality Disorders. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2024; 42:125-134. [PMID: 37977744 DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Caring for patients with personality disorders and traits presents unique challenges for physicians and other providers. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, recognizes 10 personality disorders, which are organized into 3 clusters (A, B, and C) based on shared diagnostic features. Personality disorders or traits create difficulty in clinical and interpersonal interactions, promoting missed diagnosis or underdiagnosis, nonadherence to medical recommendations, or other dangerous outcomes. It is important to recognize patients with potential personality disorders and understand strategies to achieve optimal patient interactions and best possible medical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian L McGrath
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 750 Prior Hall, 376 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Maegan S Reynolds
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital Division of Emergency Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, 750 Prior Hall, 376 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Silva L, Gurgel de Castro M, Bernardino Silva M, Santos M, Kulesza U, Lima M, Madeira H. Using social media and personality traits to assess software developers' emotional polarity. PeerJ Comput Sci 2023; 9:e1498. [PMID: 37810336 PMCID: PMC10557516 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Although human factors (e.g., cognitive functions, behaviors and skills, human error models, etc.) are key elements to improve software development productivity and quality, the role of software developers' emotions and their personality traits in software engineering still needs to be studied. A major difficulty is in assessing developers' emotions, leading to the classic problem of having difficulties understanding what cannot be easily measured. Existing approaches to infer emotions, such as facial expressions, self-assessed surveys, and biometric sensors, imply considerable intrusiveness on developers and tend to be used only during normal working periods. This article proposes to assess the feasibility of using social media posts (e.g., developers' posts on Twitter) to accurately determine the polarity of emotions of software developers over extended periods in a non-intrusive manner, allowing the identification of potentially abnormal periods of negative or positive sentiments of developers that may affect software development productivity or software quality. Our results suggested that Twitter data can serve as a valid source for accurately inferring the polarity of emotions. We evaluated 31 combinations of unsupervised lexicon-based techniques using a dataset with 79,029 public posts from Twitter from sixteen software developers, achieving a macro F1-Score of 0.745 and 76.8% of accuracy with the ensemble comprised of SentiStrength, Sentilex-PT, and LIWC2015_PT lexicons. Among other results, we found a statistically significant difference in tweets' polarities posted during working and non-working periods for 31.25% of the participants, suggesting that emotional polarity monitoring outside working hours could also be relevant. We also assessed the Big Five personality traits of the developers and preliminarily used them to ponder the polarities inferences. In this context, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion were frequently related to neutral and positive posts, while Neuroticism is associated with negative posts. Our results show that the proposed approach is accurate enough to constitute a simple and non-intrusive alternative to existing methods. Tools using this approach can be applied in real software development environments to support software team workers in making decisions to improve the software development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Silva
- Centre of Informatics and Systems, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Milena Santos
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Uirá Kulesza
- Department of Informatics and Applied Mathematics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Margarida Lima
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Madeira
- Centre of Informatics and Systems, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Sugar D, Patel R, Comella C, González DA, Gray G, Stebbins GT, Mahajan A. The effect of botulinum toxin on anxiety in cervical dystonia: A prospective, observational study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 114:105792. [PMID: 37540934 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anxiety is present in 30-40% of patients with cervical dystonia (CD). It has been ascribed to a direct effect of the state of motor symptoms on related pain, disability, and disfigurement. Accordingly, any reported benefit of botulinum toxin (BoNT) on anxiety is thought to be secondary to its effect on the same. We sought to evaluate the distinctive impact of botulinum toxin (BoNT) on anxiety in cervical dystonia (CD). METHODS In this prospective observational study, 60 participants with idiopathic isolated CD were recruited from clinic. We assessed motor and anxiety burden using Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) parts I-III and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Assessments were done at time of BoNT (baseline) and at 6 weeks post-injection. RESULTS STAI and motor severity TWSTRS scores poorly correlated at the baseline visit (rho = -0.30, p = 0.411). Both, motor TWSTRS (Mdifference = -1.46, p < 0.024) and STAI (Mdifference = -10.37, p = 0.007) improved from baseline to 6 weeks (peak effect). The change in motor TWSTRS poorly correlated with change in anxiety scores from baseline visit to 6 weeks (rho = -0.14, p > 0.999). Of these measures of anxiety, improvement in STAI-T had the largest effect size (rank biserial = 0.52). CONCLUSION BoNT improves both motor severity and anxiety in CD. Poor correlation between motor severity and anxiety at both the time of injection and during the time of peak effect, and improvement in trait anxiety suggests that BoNT has a direct beneficial effect on anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Sugar
- Rush Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Program, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roshni Patel
- Rush Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Program, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cynthia Comella
- Rush Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Program, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A González
- Rush Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Program, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gabrielle Gray
- Rush Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Program, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Glenn T Stebbins
- Rush Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Program, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Mahajan
- Rush Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Program, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Hunt A, Martyr A, Gamble LD, Morris RG, Thom JM, Pentecost C, Clare L. The associations between personality traits and quality of life, satisfaction with life, and well-being over time in people with dementia and their caregivers: findings from the IDEAL programme. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:354. [PMID: 37280511 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional evidence indicates that certain personality traits may influence how well people with dementia and their caregivers are able to live alongside the condition. However, no studies to date have explored these associations longitudinally. The present study aimed to explore whether each of the Five-Factor personality traits were associated with change over two years in perceptions of 'living well' for people with dementia and their caregivers. 'Living well' was conceptualized as a composite of quality of life, satisfaction with life, and subjective well-being. METHODS Data were analyzed from 1487 people with dementia and 1234 caregivers who took part in the IDEAL cohort. Participants were categorized into low, medium, and high groups for each trait using stanine scores. Latent growth curve models investigated associations between these groups and 'living well' scores for each trait at baseline and at 12 and 24 months. Covariates included cognition in people with dementia and stress in caregivers. A Reliable Change Index was calculated against which to evaluate changes in 'living well' scores over time. RESULTS At baseline, neuroticism was negatively associated with 'living well' scores for people with dementia, while conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, and agreeableness were positively associated. For caregivers, neuroticism was negatively associated with 'living well' scores at baseline while conscientiousness and extraversion were positively associated. 'Living well' scores were mostly stable over time with no influence of personality traits on observed changes. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that personality traits, particularly neuroticism, have a meaningful impact on how people with dementia and caregivers rate their capability to 'live well' at baseline. Over time 'living well' scores for each personality trait group were largely stable. Studies utilizing longer follow-up periods and more appropriate measures of personality are needed to corroborate and extend the findings of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hunt
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Anthony Martyr
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
| | - Laura D Gamble
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Robin G Morris
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jeanette M Thom
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claire Pentecost
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Linda Clare
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South-West Peninsula, Exeter, UK
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Uchida T, Ueno H, Konagata A, Nakamura T, Taniguchi N, Nabekura H, Kogo F, Nagatomo Y, Tanaka Y, Shimizu K, Shiiya T, Yamaguchi H, Shimoda K. Association between personality traits and glycemic control after inpatient diabetes education. Metabol Open 2023; 18:100244. [PMID: 37396672 PMCID: PMC10313504 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The longitudinal effect of personality traits on glycemic control is unclear. This prospective observational study explored the relationship between personality traits and glycemic control in patients with uncontrolled diabetes after inpatient diabetes education. Methods Patients with diabetes mellitus (HbA1c ≥ 7.5%, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography) who received inpatient diabetes education were scored on the Big Five personality traits: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Multiple linear analysis was used to determine whether any personality traits were independently associated with HbA1c on admission and HbA1c change from admission to 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge. Results One hundred seventeen participants (mean age 60.4 ± 14.5 years; 59.0% male) were enrolled. HbA1c values on admission and 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge were 10.2 ± 2.1%, 8.3 ± 1.4%, 7.6 ± 1.4%, and 7.7 ± 1.5%, respectively. Multiple linear analysis showed that no personality traits were associated with HbA1c on admission. Neuroticism was negatively associated with the HbA1c change from admission to 3 months (β = -0.192, P = 0.025) and 6 months after discharge (β = -0.164, P = 0.043). Conclusions Neuroticism was associated with good long-term glycemic control after inpatient diabetes education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Uchida
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ueno
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Ayaka Konagata
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakamura
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
- Koga General Hospital, 1749-1 Sudaki, Ikeuchi, Miyazaki, 880-0041, Japan
| | - Norifumi Taniguchi
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nabekura
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Fumiko Kogo
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yuma Nagatomo
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yuri Tanaka
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shimizu
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Tomomi Shiiya
- Koga General Hospital, 1749-1 Sudaki, Ikeuchi, Miyazaki, 880-0041, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamaguchi
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
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Mussone L, Changizi F. A study on the factors that influenced the choice of transport mode before, during, and after the first lockdown in Milan, Italy. Cities 2023; 136:104251. [PMID: 36911882 PMCID: PMC9987251 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2023.104251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 measures implied many changes to travel behaviour and transport mode choice during the pandemic. This study seeks to understand what individual characteristics and travel attributes are related to transport mode choice before, during, and after the first lockdown in Italy. Based on an online survey (carried out in May 2020 in Milan), three multinomial regression models are presented. The results show that and in which measure parameters regarding distance and duration of daily travel are markedly related to transport mode before the lockdown. However, these factors are less significantly associated with the transport mode during and after the lockdown. Meanwhile, factors such as Preferences and Worry about using public transport have more significant relationship with the modal choice during the pandemic. Regarding individual characteristics, women are more likely to use active mode during and after the lockdown. Additionally, two personality traits of Agreeableness, and Openness to experiences are related to transport mode during and after the lockdown, respectively. Overall, this study reveals that in addition to socio-demographic factors, other variables such as worry about using public transport, preference, and personality are associated with the choice of transport mode during the lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Mussone
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Architecture, Building Environment and Civil Constructions, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano, Italy
| | - Farzaneh Changizi
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Architecture, Building Environment and Civil Constructions, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano, Italy
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Zhou H, Li S, Huang J, Yang J, Wang A, Zhang M. Sound-induced flash illusions at different spatial locations were affected by personality traits. Atten Percept Psychophys 2023; 85:463-73. [PMID: 36539573 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-022-02638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sound-induced flash illusion (SiFI) is an auditory-dominated effect in which observers will misperceive the number of flashes due to simultaneously presented beeps, which includes fission and fusion illusions. Although several individual differences have been found in SiFI, little is known about the effect of personality traits. In the present study, we presented flashes in near space and beeps in far space (Vnear_Afar) and flashes in far space and beeps in near space (Vfar_Anear) to better approximate the real world. We collected 103 participants' Big Five questionnaire results and their SiFI task performance to investigate the difference in trait level on the SiFI in the performance of accuracy, d' and c. The results show that all five personality traits had certain effects on the SiFI to different degrees, and different personality traits played different roles in the fission illusion and fusion illusion. The high agreeableness group was more prone to the fission illusion, and the report criteria were less strict. The report criteria of the low neuroticism group were stricter for the fusion illusion. The extraversion, conscientiousness and low openness groups were more prone to the fusion illusion in the Vnear_Afar condition than in the Vfar_Anear condition. The study indicated that personality traits were important but easily overlooked factors in multisensory illusion, which might make a difference between the fission illusion and the fusion illusion.
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Tamás I, Rózsa S, Hargitai R, Hartung I, Osváth A, Kállai J. Factors influencing schizotypal personality trait-dependent immersion and digital media usage: Adaptation and maladaptation. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 230:103735. [PMID: 36063587 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immersion in the digital environment has been widely researched; however, the effects of adaptive and maladaptive schizotypal personality traits on immersion have received relatively little attention up till now. This study investigates the factors of personal immersion while using entertainment and digital communication applications and other variables such as problematic internet usage, and Facebook addiction. The Immersive Tendency Questionnaire was applied to measure participants' tendency to experience artistic and life-like scenarios in traditional settings (reading a book and watching a movie) and digital environments (playing computer games and using the internet). The study was conducted with 717 college students and graduate persons including, 186 males (mean age: 28.49) and 531 females (mean age: 28.4). The results show that lowered focusing abilities are directly linked with deficiencies in self-coherence, and maladaptive behavior that manifests in problematic internet and Facebook usage. Furthermore, the attention/focusing ability during immersion is accompanied by coherent self-structure and psychological well-being. Therefore, for people who have adequate focusing skills and coherent self-structure, the usage of social media and computer gaming can be considered adequate digital tools for developing their cognitive and social skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Tamás
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Sándor Rózsa
- Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Rita Hargitai
- Institute of Psychology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - István Hartung
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Anikó Osváth
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary.
| | - János Kállai
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary.
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Noda Y, Asano K, Shimizu E, Hirano Y. The mediating effect of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression on the relationship between personality traits and quality of life in emergency service workers. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 116:152327. [PMID: 35643052 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency service workers are often exposed to fatalities during accidents or disasters. Therefore, they may be more prone to experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. It has been shown that these comorbid disorders are related to personality traits and quality of life (QOL). METHODS We hypothesized that mental disorders, such as symptoms of PTSD and depression, mediate the relationship between personality traits, as measured on the 10-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), and QOL, as measured on the MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). RESULTS Participants were aged 23-61 years. Questionnaires were sent to 373 participants, 220 of whom returned responses. A direct effect was found between two subscales of the TIPI (Extraversion and Emotional stability) and mental component summary scores of the SF-36 (Extraversion: β = 0.154, p < .001; Emotional stability: β = 0.179, p < .001), which indicated partial mediation. A significant indirect effect was revealed between two personality traits and mental health summary scores (Extraversion: β = 0.058, p < .001; Emotional stability: β = 0.087, p < .001). We also found a direct effect of extraversion scores of the TIPI on role/social component summary scores of the SF-36 (β = 0.084, p < .05). However, none of the 95% confidential intervals was significant, which indicated full mediation, and the indirect effect was significant (β = 0.023, p < .01). Sensitivity analysis indicated that a direct effect between extraversion scores of the TIPI and role/social component summary scores of the SF-36 was significant, which indicated partial mediation. CONCLUSIONS The findings of direct and indirect effects highlight the importance of identifying effective methods for protecting individuals from developing symptoms of PTSD and depression; moreover, they may help improve QOL. The capacity of dealing with incidents among emergency service workers may vary depending on their personality traits. Therefore, the screening of mental health states that includes a personality trait inventory may be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Noda
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 268-0856, Japan; Department of Nursing, Teikyo University of Science, 34-1 Senjumotomachi, Adachi-ku, Tokyo 120-0041, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Asano
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 268-0856, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 268-0856, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 268-0856, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hirano
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 268-0856, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Bach B, Kramer U, Doering S, di Giacomo E, Hutsebaut J, Kaera A, De Panfilis C, Schmahl C, Swales M, Taubner S, Renneberg B. The ICD-11 classification of personality disorders: a European perspective on challenges and opportunities. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2022; 9:12. [PMID: 35361271 PMCID: PMC8973542 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-022-00182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The 11th revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) includes a fundamentally new approach to Personality Disorders (PD). ICD-11 is expected to be implemented first in European countries before other WHO member states. The present paper provides an overview of this new ICD-11 model including PD severity classification, trait domain specifiers, and the additional borderline pattern specifier. We discuss the perceived challenges and opportunities of using the ICD-11 approach with particular focus on its continuity and discontinuity with familiar PD categories such as avoidant PD and narcissistic PD. The advent of the ICD-11 PD classification involves major changes for health care workers, researchers, administrators, and service providers as well as patients and families involved. The anticipated challenges and opportunities are put forward in terms of specific unanswered questions. It is our hope that these questions will stimulate further research and discussion among researchers and clinicians in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Bach
- Center for Personality Disorder Research, Slagelse Psychiatric Hospital, Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Ueli Kramer
- Institute of Psychotherapy/General Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Doering
- Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ester di Giacomo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Joost Hutsebaut
- Viersprong Institute for Studies on Personality Disorders, Halsteren, Netherlands
| | - Andres Kaera
- Kanta-Häme Central Hospital, Hämeenlinna, Finland
| | - Chiara De Panfilis
- Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Christian Schmahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Svenja Taubner
- Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Babette Renneberg
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Puyané M, Subirà S, Torres A, Roca A, Garcia-Esteve L, Gelabert E. Personality traits as a risk factor for postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 298:577-89. [PMID: 34763034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain personality traits increase vulnerability to depression, but the evidence linking personality and postpartum depression (PPD) is less robust. This systematic review aimed to identify personality traits that increase the risk of PPD. METHODS We systematically reviewed studies retrieved from PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane, following the PRISMA guidelines for reporting. We carried out a meta-analysis on the association between neuroticism and PPD. RESULTS A total of 34 studies were analyzed. Of these, 31 considered at least one trait associated with PPD; 10 studies considered at least one trait not associated with PPD. The meta-analysis included 13 studies, concluding that neuroticism was associated with PPD (OR: 1.37; 95%CI: 1.22-1.53; p<0.001). LIMITATIONS Study design and approach to personality assessment influence results. Prospective longitudinal studies of persons with no prior history of mood disorder would provide stronger evidence about whether particular personality traits predict PPD. Most studies reviewed used self-report measures to assess personality. Study design and approach to personality assessment influence results, and indications of publication bias were found. CONCLUSIONS Neuroticism is the personality trait most widely studied in relation to PPD. Our meta-analysis found this trait is strongly related with PPD. Moreover, vulnerable personality style and trait anxiety are also associated with PPD. Screening for these traits might help identify women at risk, improving prevention, early detection, and possibly treatment.
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Kishimoto M, Yamaguchi A, Niimura M, Mizumoto M, Hikitsuchi T, Ogawa K, Ozawa N, Tachibana Y. Factors affecting the grieving process after perinatal loss. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:313. [PMID: 34446003 PMCID: PMC8394104 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Factors associated with the grief process in response to perinatal loss have been investigated. However, few studies focused on the intrapersonal factors, such as developmental and personality traits. Hence, this study aimed to investigate medical and psychosocial risk factors, including inter- and intrapersonal factors for the development of complicated grief following perinatal loss, while considering emotional support. Methods A total of 50 patients who were treated for grief due to perinatal loss at the National Center for Child Health and Development were divided into two groups according to the treatment period (< 6 months: n = 28; ≥ 6 months: n = 22). We compared medical and psychosocial variables between the two groups using the χ2 test and t test. All data were further analyzed using a logistic regression model to adjust for confounding effects. Results Patients who had traits of developmental/personality disorders (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 7.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21–42.9, P = .030), and those treated with psychoactive drugs (adjusted OR: 5.77, 95% CI 1.09–30.5, P = .039) required a longer treatment period (≥ 6 months). Conclusions Patients with personality/developmental traits and those with active psychiatric symptoms required a more extended treatment period in response to loss, suggesting the accumulation of negative factors in these patients; thus, more intensive and specialized care is necessary for these patients. Precise analysis of the coping style, attachment style, communication skills, and life history including relationship with the original family of the patients may have implications on the approach toward patients with complicated grief after perinatal loss. Studies with larger sample size are required to increase the reliability of the present findings, and future research should address the effects of the differential attachment and coping styles of patients with developmental/personality traits on the grief process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Kishimoto
- Division of Early Childhood Mental Health, Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Arisa Yamaguchi
- Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marina Niimura
- Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Mizumoto
- Faculty of Communication and Culture, Shoin University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Hikitsuchi
- Division of Early Childhood Mental Health, Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Division of Obstetrics, Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Ozawa
- Division of Obstetrics, Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tachibana
- Division of Early Childhood Mental Health, Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
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Ma YH, Yang YX, Shen XN, Chen SD, Tan L, Dong Q, Yu JT. Evaluation relationships between subjective wellbeing, personality traits, and Alzheimer's disease: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:498-505. [PMID: 33798978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Observational studies have suggested that subjective wellbeing and personality traits link to risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it is unclear if these associations are causal. METHODS We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization to assess potential causality. Genetic associations were obtained from the largest genome-wide association studies in Social Science Genetic Association Consortium (N = 298,420), Genetics of Personality Consortium (N = 81,036), and four independent consortia of AD (N = 455,258). We run the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach as one primary analysis. A Bonferroni-corrected threshold of p < 8.33 × 10-3 was considered significant, and p values between 8.33 × 10-3 and 0.05 were considered to be suggestive of an association. RESULTS The suggestive association with decreased risk of AD was noted for a genetically predicted 1-SD increase in subjective wellbeing (odds ratio = 0.963, 95% confidence interval = 0.930-0.997; p = 0.032). Genetically predicted greater neuroticism was significantly associated with lower subjective wellbeing (β = -0.077; p = 0.004). No putative personality traits were significantly associated with AD risk after correction for multiple tests, including agreeableness (β = -0.0010; p = 0.477), conscientiousness (β = 0.0018; p = 0.270), openness (β = 0.0004; p = 0.738), neuroticism (β = -0.0098; p = 0.262), or extraversion (β = 0.0120; p = 0.262). CONCLUSIONS Subjective wellbeing may independently reduce the risk of AD. Residual confounding is likely to be responsible for the previous observational relationships between personality traits and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Ning Shen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Dong Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, China.
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Lee SA, Jeong Kim S; Korean QoL in Epilepsy Study Group. Neuroticism and extraversion affect health-related quality of life of persons with epilepsy independently from depression and anxiety symptoms. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 117:107858. [PMID: 33640563 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We determined whether neuroticism and extraversion are associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) independently from other psychological factors in persons with epilepsy. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 357 adults with epilepsy. The Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-31 (QOLIE-31), short form of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and Stigma Scale for Epilepsy were used. A hierarchical linear regression analysis and Sobel test were performed. RESULTS The final model explained 64.2% of the variance in the QOLIE-31. Demographic factors, entered in step 1 of the hierarchical linear regression, explained <1% of the variance. Social factors entered in step 2 and epilepsy-related factors in step 3 explained an additional 9.3% and 9.6% of the variance, respectively. Psychological factors, entered in the final step, explained 44.7% of the variance. Except for extraversion, all psychological factors assessed were independently associated with QOLIE-31 scores. When entered in step 1 of the regression analysis, neuroticism explained 36.1% of the variance, following only depression (49.0%) and anxiety (44.9%) according to the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale. Both neuroticism (B = -0.264, p = 0.001) and extraversion (B = 0.189, p = 0.009) had indirect effects on QOLIE-31 scores mediated by depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Neuroticism is the third most important factor for HRQoL of persons with epilepsy, following depressive symptoms and anxiety. Both neuroticism and extraversion indirectly affect HRQoL through depressive symptoms.
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Huetter FK, Moehlendick B, Knop D, Siffert W. Lack of association of common polymorphisms linked to empathic behavior with self-reported trait empathy in healthy volunteers. Horm Behav 2020; 126:104841. [PMID: 32828797 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previously specified sample of 421 healthy subjects, we found associations of a common oxytocin receptor (OXTR) polymorphism with self-reported trait empathy. In this study, we used this sample to explore polymorphisms in other genes which have been frequently linked to empathic behavior for associations with self-reported trait empathy: CD38 (CD38), involved in oxytocin secretion, the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4), the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) and the corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1). METHODS We genotyped our sample for the following common polymorphisms: rs3796863 in the CD38 gene, 5-HTTLPR in the SLC6A4 gene, rs4680 in the COMT gene and rs242924 in the CRHR1 gene. Dispositional empathy was tested using Davis' Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). We used a Bonferroni corrected alpha level of p = 0.002 to adjust for multiple comparisons. RESULTS None of the genotypes were associated with any of the IRI scales for the complete sample (n = 421) or for the sub-groups of male (n = 213) and female (n = 190) participants. Our sample of 421 participants achieved 95% power to detect effects greater than r = ±0.18. For smaller effects, however, false negatives could not be rejected with equal confidence as false positives. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that an association between the four polymorphisms with trait empathy measured by the IRI may not be present. We propose that the associations that have been found in other studies can be largely explained by differences in empathy-related constructs and measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Korbinian Huetter
- Institut für Pharmakogenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Birte Moehlendick
- Institut für Pharmakogenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Knop
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Winfried Siffert
- Institut für Pharmakogenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
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Baranger DAA, Few LR, Sheinbein DH, Agrawal A, Oltmanns TF, Knodt AR, Barch DM, Hariri AR, Bogdan R. Borderline Personality Traits Are Not Correlated With Brain Structure in Two Large Samples. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2020; 5:669-677. [PMID: 32312691 PMCID: PMC7360105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borderline personality disorder is associated with severe psychiatric presentations and has been linked to variability in brain structure. Dimensional models of borderline personality traits (BPTs) have become influential; however, associations between BPTs and brain structure remain poorly understood. METHODS We tested whether BPTs are associated with regional cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volumes (n = 152 brain structure metrics) in data from the Duke Neurogenetics Study (n = 1299) and Human Connectome Project (n = 1099). Positive control analyses tested whether BPTs are associated with related behaviors (e.g., suicidal thoughts and behaviors, psychiatric diagnoses) and experiences (e.g., adverse childhood experiences). RESULTS While BPTs were robustly associated with all positive control measures, they were not significantly associated with any brain structure metrics in the Duke Neurogenetics Study or Human Connectome Project, or in a meta-analysis of both samples. The strongest findings from the meta-analysis showed a positive association between BPTs and volumes of the left ventral diencephalon and thalamus (p values < .005 uncorrected, p values > .1 false discovery rate-corrected). Contrasting high and low BPT decile groups (n = 552) revealed no false discovery rate-significant associations with brain structure. CONCLUSIONS We find replicable evidence that BPTs are not associated with brain structure despite being correlated with independent behavioral measures. Prior reports linking brain morphology to borderline personality disorder may be driven by factors other than traits (e.g., severe presentations, comorbid conditions, severe childhood adversity, or medication) or reflect false positives. The etiology or consequences of BPTs may not be attributable to brain structure measured via magnetic resonance imaging. Future studies of BPTs will require much larger sample sizes to detect these very small effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A A Baranger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Lauren R Few
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel H Sheinbein
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Thomas F Oltmanns
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Annchen R Knodt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ahmad R Hariri
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.
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Cheraghian B, Fereidooni-Moghadam M, Babadi H, Dashtbozorgi B. Psychological and Personality Characteristics of Applicants for Facial Cosmetic Surgery. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020; 44:780-787. [PMID: 32211944 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-01682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological and personality characteristics of the applicants for facial cosmetic surgery. METHODS This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 385 facial cosmetic surgery applicants who referred to medical centers in Ahvaz (south Iran). The data collection tool included three questionnaires: (1) demographic questions, (2) the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and (3) the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). RESULTS The results showed that 45.2% of the participants had abnormal health status. The mean score of the participants on the openness subscale was insignificantly lower than that of the general population (p > 0.05). On the other hand, the mean scores of the participants on the conscientiousness and agreeableness subscales were significantly lower (p < 0.001). Finally, the mean score of the samples on the extroversion subscale was significantly higher than that of the general population (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Given the results of the study, it is strongly recommended to address the personality and psychological characteristics of the applicants for cosmetic surgery before operating on them. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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19
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Vita GL, Stancanelli C, La Foresta S, Faraone C, Sframeli M, Ferrero A, Fattore C, Galbo R, Ferraro M, Ricci G, Cotti Piccinelli S, Pizzighello S, Filosto M, Martinuzzi A, Padua L, Trimarchi G, Siciliano G, Mongini T, Lombardo ME, Berardinelli A, Vita G. Psychosocial impact of sport activity in neuromuscular disorders. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:2561-7. [PMID: 32246354 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated the benefits of motor exercise and physical activity in neuromuscular disorders. However, very few papers assessed the effects of sport practise. The aim of this multicentre study was to assess the impact of sport activity on self-esteem and emotional regulation in a cohort of athletes with neuromuscular disorders. The 38 patients with Duchenne, Becker or other types of muscular dystrophy or spinal muscular atrophy practising sport (aged 13-49 years) and 39 age-, gender-, disability- and disease-matched patients not practising sport were enrolled. Testing procedures to assess self-esteem, anxiety and depression disorder, personality trait and quality of life (QoL) were used. Patients practising sport had a significantly higher self-esteem, lower level of depression, greater social own identity and adherence and QoL. Frequency of sport activity may represent a complementary therapy in neuromuscular disorders to improve mental and social well-being.
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Ersche KD, Ward LH, Lim TV, Lumsden RJ, Sawiak SJ, Robbins TW, Stochl J. Impulsivity and compulsivity are differentially associated with automaticity and routine on the Creature of Habit Scale. Pers Individ Dif 2019; 150:109493. [PMID: 31680711 PMCID: PMC6703190 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Habits may develop when meaningful action patterns are frequently repeated in a stable environment. We measured the differing tendencies of people to form habits in a population sample of n = 533 using the Creature of Habit Scale (COHS). We confirmed the high reliability of the two latent factors measured by the COHS, automaticity and routines. Whilst automatic behaviours are triggered by context and do not serve a particular purpose or goal, routines often have purpose, and because they have been performed so often in a given context, they become automatic only after their action sequence has been activated. We found that both types of habitual behaviours are influenced by the frequency of their occurrence and they are differentially influenced by personality traits. Compulsive personality is associated with an increase in both aspects of habitual tendency, whereas impulsivity is linked with increased automaticity, but reduced routine behaviours. Our findings provide further evidence that the COHS is a useful tool for understanding habitual tendencies in the general population and may inform the development of therapeutic strategies that capitalise on functional habits and help to treat dysfunctional ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D. Ersche
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laetitia H.E. Ward
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tsen-Vei Lim
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roderick J. Lumsden
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven J. Sawiak
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Trevor W. Robbins
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan Stochl
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Kinanthropology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Werner AM, Tibubos AN, Rohrmann S, Reiss N. The clinical trait self-criticism and its relation to psychopathology: A systematic review - Update. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:530-547. [PMID: 30599378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-criticism represents a central phenomenon in a variety of mental disorders. The review looks at the recent body of literature (2012-2018) to summarize the relation of self-criticism and psychopathology beyond depression and aims at detecting how different conceptualizations of self-criticism with psychoanalytical, psychodynamic, or cognitive-evolutionary background are related to psychopathology. Furthermore, latest treatment approaches for dysfunctional forms of self-criticism are reviewed. METHODS The literature research of five databases (PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library) took place in August 2018. Inclusion criteria for studies to enter the review narrative were an adult sample, non-clinical samples as well as clinical samples, and an empirical approach, which resulted in quantitative data. RESULTS 48 studies entered the review. Besides depressive symptoms, self-criticism showed positive relations to symptoms of eating disorders, social anxiety disorder, and personality disorders as well as to psychotic symptoms or interpersonal problems through different conceptualizations of self-criticism. Regarding the treatment of self-criticism, compassion- or emotion-focused therapy interventions were investigated in most of the reviewed studies and both reduced self-criticism in clinical and non-clinical samples. However, harsh forms of self-criticism were more persistent and difficult to change. LIMITATIONS The review focused only on the latest empirical findings regarding self-criticism and psychopathology. CONCLUSION Potentially functional forms and functions of self-criticism need further consideration, as they represent a possible goal of psychotherapeutic treatment. Future research should address specific questions regarding antecedents and consequences of self-criticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia M Werner
- Department of Psychology, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Campus Westend, PEG-Gebäude, Room 5.G039, Theodor-W.-Adorno-Platz 6, 60323, Germany.
| | - Ana N Tibubos
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Department of Psychology, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Campus Westend, PEG-Gebäude, Room 5.G039, Theodor-W.-Adorno-Platz 6, 60323, Germany
| | - Sonja Rohrmann
- Department of Psychology, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Campus Westend, PEG-Gebäude, Room 5.G039, Theodor-W.-Adorno-Platz 6, 60323, Germany
| | - Neele Reiss
- Department of Psychology, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Campus Westend, PEG-Gebäude, Room 5.G039, Theodor-W.-Adorno-Platz 6, 60323, Germany
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Wu X, He H, Shi L, Xia Y, Zuang K, Feng Q, Zhang Y, Ren Z, Wei D, Qiu J. Personality traits are related with dynamic functional connectivity in major depression disorder: A resting-state analysis. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:1032-1042. [PMID: 30699845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most well-known psychiatric disorders, which can be destructive for its damage to people's normal cognitive, emotional and social functions. Personality refers to the unique and stable character of thinking and behavior style of an individual, which has long been thought as a key influence factor for MDD. Although some knowledge about the common neural basic between MDD and personality traits has been acquired, there are few studies exploring dynamic neural mechanism behind them, which changes brain connectivity pattern rapidly to adapt to the environment over time. METHODS In this study, the emerging dynamic functional network connectivity (DFNC) method was used in resting-state fMRI data to find the differences between healthy group (N = 107) and MDD group (N = 109) in state-based dynamic measures, and the correlations between these measures and personality traits (extraversion and neuroticism in Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, EPQ) were explored. RESULTS The results showed that MDD was significantly less than the health control group in dwell time and fraction time of state 4, which was positively correlated with extraversion score and negatively correlated with neuroticism score. Further exploration on state 4 showed that it had low modularity, hyper-connectedness of sensory-related regions and DMN, and weak connections between cortex and subcortical areas, which suggested that the absence of this state in MDD might represent a decrease in activity and positive emotions. CONCLUSION We found the dynamic functional connectivity mechanism underlying MDD, confirmed our hypothesis that there existed the interacted relationship between trait, disease and the brain's dynamic characteristic, and suggested some reference for treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yunman Xia
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kaixiang Zuang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiuyang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiting Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China.
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Wang D, Lu S, Gao W, Wei Z, Duan J, Hu S, Huang M, Xu Y, Li L. The Impacts of Childhood Trauma on Psychosocial Features in a Chinese Sample of Young Adults. Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:1046-1052. [PMID: 30380816 PMCID: PMC6258995 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2018.09.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of the present study were to explore the occurrence of childhood trauma and importantly to determine the impacts of childhood trauma on psychosocial features in a Chinese sample of young adults. METHODS A survey was carried out in a group of 555 university students by using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Dysfunctional Attitudes Questionnaire (DAS), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). The moderate-severe cut-off scores for CTQ were used to calculate the prevalence of childhood trauma, and then psychosocial features were compared between individuals with and without childhood trauma. RESULTS A proportion of 18.6% of university students had self-reported childhood trauma exposures. Subjects with childhood trauma reported higher scores of SDS, SAS, DAS, and psychoticism and neuroticism dimensions of EPQ (t=4.311-5.551, p<0.001); while lower scores of SSRS and extraversion dimension of EPQ (t=-4.061- -3.039, p<0.01). Regression analyses further revealed that scores of SAS and DAS were positively (Adjusted B=0.211-0.230, p<0.05), while scores of SSRS were negatively (Adjusted B=-0.273- -0.240, p<0.05) associated with specific CTQ scores. CONCLUSION Childhood trauma is still a common social and psychological problem. Individuals with childhood trauma show much more depression, anxiety, distorted cognition, personality deficits, and lower levels of social support, which may represent the social and psychological vulnerability for developing psychiatric disorders after childhood trauma experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaojia Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijia Gao
- Department of Child Psychology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoguo Wei
- Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinfeng Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Manli Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Kunanitthaworn N, Wongpakaran T, Wongpakaran N, Paiboonsithiwong S, Songtrijuck N, Kuntawong P, Wedding D. Factors associated with motivation in medical education: a path analysis. BMC Med Educ 2018; 18:140. [PMID: 29914462 PMCID: PMC6006981 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study identified and investigated the relationship between demographics, mental health problems, positive personality traits and perceived social support and motivation in medical education (MME) among first year medical students. METHODS One hundred-thirty eight first year medical students completed the Academic Motivation Scale, Outcome Inventory, Strength Based Inventory, and Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support. Path analysis was conducted to identify relationships between the variables of interest and each type of motivation, including intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and amotivation. RESULTS The mean age of the sample was 18.86 ± 0.74 and 60% of the subjects were female. Path analysis showed that extrinsic motivation was positively associated with being female, personal choice for studying medicine, and grade point average at high school. Intrinsic motivation was correlated with perceived family support, personal choice for studying medicine and the positive attribute of determination. Amotivation was related to being male, personal choice, and depression. While both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation were correlated, they were uncorrelated with amotivation. All variables accounted for 18, 13, and 45% of variance of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation, respectively. CONCLUSION Each type of motivation has different but related predictors. Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation can be promoted, whereas amotivation represents an exclusive issue, one related more to depression, that needs to be reduced to not interfere with academic achievement and quality of life of medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tinakon Wongpakaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Rd., T. Sriphum, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Nahathai Wongpakaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Rd., T. Sriphum, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | | | | | - Pimolpun Kuntawong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Rd., T. Sriphum, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
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25
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Sato E, Matsuda K. A pilot study of change in cerebral activity during personality rating by questionnaire and personal computer. Int J Psychol 2018; 54:628-637. [PMID: 29888390 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine cerebral blood flow in the frontal cortex area during personality self-rating tasks. Our two hypotheses were (1) cerebral blood flow varies based on personality rating condition and (2) cerebral blood flow varies based on the personality traits. This experiment measured cerebral blood flow under 3 personal computer rating conditions and 2 questionnaire conditions. Comparing the rating conditions, the results of the t-test indicated that cerebral blood flow was higher in the questionnaire condition than it was in the personal computer condition. With respect to the Big Five, the result of the correlation coefficient, that is, cerebral blood flow during a personality rating task, changed according to the trait for agreeableness. The results of the analysis of the 5-cluster on individual differences indicated that certain personality traits were related to the factors that increased or decreased cerebral blood flow. An analysis of variance indicated that openness to experience and Behavioural Activation System-drive was significant given that participants with high intellectual curiosity were motivated in this experiment, thus, their cerebral blood flow may have increased. The significance of this experiment was that by employing certain performance measures we could examine differences in physical changes based on personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Sato
- Department of Business Psychology, Tokyo Fuji University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Matsuda
- Department of Human Welfare, Tohoku-Bunkyo College, Yamagata, Japan
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Abstract
To investigate the association of personality traits with breast cancer risk, a case-control study was conducted from May 2014 to February 2017, in which the case group consisted of 262 women with breast cancer and 262 without (control group). The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) (88-question Adult Edition) and another self-assessment questionnaire that contained open questions to obtain more specific character traits were used to complete this survey. The results of the E scale showed that 121 women (46.18%) in the case group and 94 women (35.88%) in the control group were extroverted. The results of the N scale showed that 150 women (57.25%) in the case group and 86 women (32.82%) in the control group had unstable personality. Adjusting for other confounding factors, extroversion and unstable personality were risk factors for breast cancer (E scale: OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.28-2.15; N scale: OR = 3.18, 95% CI = 1.77-4.91). Personality instability was a higher risk factor than extroversion was. People with unstable personalities were 3.18 times more likely to have breast cancer than were those who had stable personalities. The results of the self-assessment questionnaire suggested that the more frequent character traits mentioned were being concerned over everything, irritable, and perfectionistic, seeking to prevail over others, and being manipulative and oversensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yan Dong
- a School of History and Society , Anhui Normal University , Wuhu , China.,b Teaching and Researching Section of Medical Ethics , Wannan Medical College , Wuhu , China
| | - Jin Jin
- c The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , China
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27
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Kuo SC, Yeh YW, Chen CY, Huang CC, Chen TY, Yen CH, Liang CS, Ho PS, Lu RB, Huang SY. Novelty seeking mediates the effect of DRD3 variation on onset age of amphetamine dependence in Han Chinese population. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:249-260. [PMID: 28028606 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3) gene, one of the candidate genes for amphetamine dependence (AD), is involved in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, implicated as the underlying mechanism of addiction. Our case-control study aimed to investigate whether the DRD3 gene is associated with the susceptibility to AD and specific personality traits in AD patients. A total of 1060 unrelated Han Chinese subjects (559 AD patients and 501 controls) were screened using the same assessment tool and genotyped for eight DRD3 polymorphisms. All patients met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for AD, and personality traits of 539 were assessed using a Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire. Furthermore, AD individuals were divided into four clinical subgroups based on gender and psychosis status, to reduce the clinical heterogeneity. We found that the ATA haplotype combination for SNPs rs324029, rs6280, and rs9825563, respectively, was significantly associated with total AD patients (p = 0.0003 after 10,000 permutations). Similar results were observed in the both male and non-psychosis subgroup but not in other subgroups. In addition, DRD3 rs9825563 may influence onset age of drug use, partially mediated by novelty seeking in the non-psychosis AD group. In conclusion, DRD3 is a potential genetic factor in the susceptibility to AD and is associated with onset age of drug use through interaction with novelty seeking in a specific patient group in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Chang Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng-Kung Road, Sec. 2, Nei-Hu District, Taipei, 144, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Wei Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng-Kung Road, Sec. 2, Nei-Hu District, Taipei, 144, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng-Kung Road, Sec. 2, Nei-Hu District, Taipei, 144, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Chih Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Branch, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng-Kung Road, Sec. 2, Nei-Hu District, Taipei, 144, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Che-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiayi Yang-Ming Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Sung Liang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Shen Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ru-Band Lu
- Institute of Behavior Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng-Kung Road, Sec. 2, Nei-Hu District, Taipei, 144, Taiwan, ROC.
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Abstract
In this paper, we discuss various issues related to the concept of resilience, which is conventionally defined as a dynamic process allowing for a positive adaptation in a context of significant adversity. First, we try to draw the reader's attention to the importance of the concept of resilience in terms of public health. Second, we address the difficulty of measuring resilience in a relevant and operational manner. Third, we then address the question of whether resilience can be conceived only in the context of a confrontation with trauma, or whether its application can be relevant to the everyday nontraumatic adversity. In this regard, we introduce and define another coping strategy which is the Sense of Coherence (SOC). Fourth, we discuss the nature of resilience, that is to say, whether it should be considered as a personality trait or as an aptitude. We try to show that this problem arises from the difficulty to specify the emotional processes involved in resilience. Finally, we propose future research perspectives that should allow us to better understand the concept of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rolin
- Service de Psychiatrie, C.H.U. Brugmann
| | - P Fossion
- Service de Psychiatrie, C.H.U. Brugmann
| | | | - C Leys
- Faculté de Psychologie, ULB
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29
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Lee SA, No SK, Park H, Kim OJ, Kwon JH, Ryu JY, Lee SM, Jo KD. Predictors of disclosure management behavior at the end of 1-year follow-up in Korean adults with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 74:94-98. [PMID: 28732261 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epilepsy is a concealable stigmatizing condition. We investigated the factors predicting disclosure management behavior in Korean adults with newly diagnosed epilepsy. METHODS This longitudinal multicenter study included Korean adults with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Using statistical analyses, we determined at the end of a 1-year follow-up whether Disclosure Management Scale (DMS) scores were predicted by demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables, including felt stigma, stress coping style, personality traits, social support, and experienced discrimination from society. RESULTS Of a total of 121 participants, 69% reported that they often or sometimes kept their diagnosis a secret from others and rarely or never talked to others about their epilepsy. The average DMS score was 5.8 (SD=2.9, range 0-11). In univariate analyses, DMS scores were significantly associated with an emotion-focused coping style (r=0.320, p<0.001), social support (r=-0.185, p<0.05), and experienced discrimination (p<0.05). Emotion-focused coping was the only independent predictor of a higher DMS score. Felt stigma, personality traits, and seizure freedom were not related to the DMS score. CONCLUSIONS Two-thirds of Korean adults with newly diagnosed epilepsy often or sometimes keep their epilepsy a secret. Emotion-focused coping is the most important predictor of concealment of epilepsy diagnosis at the end of a 1-year follow-up, although social support and episodes of experienced discrimination are also associated with disclosure management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ahm Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon-Kee No
- Department of Neurology, Bong-Seng Memorial Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungkook Park
- Department of Neurology, SoonChunHyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan College Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Kepco Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Deog Jo
- Department of Neurology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
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30
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Copur AS, Erik Everhart D, Zhang C, Chen Z, Shekhani H, Mathevosian S, Loveless J, Watson E, Kadri I, Wallace L, Simon E, Fulambarker AM. Effect of personality traits on adherence with positive airway pressure therapy in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Sleep Breath 2017; 22:369-376. [PMID: 28856525 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-017-1559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patient adherence with positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is a significant clinical problem in obstructive sleep apnea treatment. Personality traits may be a factor for non-adherence. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between PAP therapy adherence and patient personality traits. METHODS Patients were screened and recruited during their visit to a sleep clinic. Baseline data were collected from each patient's electronic chart. Behavioral inhibition system/behavioral activation system (BIS/BAS) scales, short measure of five-factor model personality traits (mini-IPIP), positive and negative affect score (PANAS), and appetitive motivation scores (AMS) tests were used to measure personality traits. Data from the PAP device were obtained following a minimum of an initial 30 days, with adherence defined as >4 h/night on 70% of nights. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and Pearson correlation tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS A total of 400 patients were recruited. Three hundred twenty-one patients had all the data and were included in the study. Behavioral activation system-fun seeking (BAS-FS) and, to a certain extent, negative affect were significantly associated with adherence. Intellect/imagination was marginally significant. Additionally, older age (>65 years), profession, PAP type, side effects, efficiency, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), and residual AHI showed significant associations with patient adherence with PAP therapy. Multivariate analysis revealed that BAS-FS was still a significant predictor of adherence even after adjusting for other covariates. CONCLUSION BAS-FS, negative affect, and intellect/imagination are significant factors for adherence to PAP therapy in obstructive sleep apnea patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Sinan Copur
- Captain James Lovell Federal Health Care Center, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA. .,, 424 Park Lane, Lake Bluff,, Shields Township,, IL, 60044, USA.
| | | | - Chao Zhang
- Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhengjia Chen
- Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haris Shekhani
- Captain James Lovell Federal Health Care Center, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sipan Mathevosian
- Captain James Lovell Federal Health Care Center, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Eric Watson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Imtiazali Kadri
- Captain James Lovell Federal Health Care Center, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leandra Wallace
- Captain James Lovell Federal Health Care Center, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edwin Simon
- Captain James Lovell Federal Health Care Center, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashok M Fulambarker
- Captain James Lovell Federal Health Care Center, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
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Jäger J, Schradin C, Pillay N, Rimbach R. Active and explorative individuals are often restless and excluded from studies measuring resting metabolic rate: Do alternative metabolic rate measures offer a solution? Physiol Behav 2017; 174:57-66. [PMID: 28283463 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It has often been proposed that bolder, more explorative or more active individuals also have a higher resting metabolic rate (RMR), indicating metabolic costs of these personality types. However, such individuals might often be restless and thus excluded from RMR datasets, leading to a significant sampling bias. We tested (1) whether such a bias occurs when animals are measured for a relatively common but short time period of 3h, and if so, (2) whether alternative measures of metabolic rate, that allow the incorporation of non-resting individuals, would reveal associations between metabolism and personality. For this, we studied free-living individuals of the African striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio) both during the moist season (N=25 individuals) with high food availability and the dry season (N=48 individuals) with low food availability. We assessed variation in the latency to explore a novel object, and the time spent active and time spent in the centre of a neutral arena. We examined links between personality and (i) RMR and (ii) four alternative metabolic rate (MR) metrics: average MR, highest MR, lowest MR and span of MR. Twenty-nine percent of the measured individuals had to be excluded from our RMR study because they remained restless during respirometry trials. Striped mice showed a behavioural syndrome where fast explorers also spent more time in centre and more time active than slow explorers. Individuals that did not rest during respirometry trials were faster explorers and in the moist season, they were also more active and spent more time in the centre than individuals that rested. We found no relationship between RMR and the behavioural syndrome, which might be due to the exclusion of individuals with a certain behavioural type, leaving a subset of compliant individuals. In the moist season, we found positive relationships between the behavioural syndrome and span of MR and lowest MR. In the dry season, low food availability may mask links between the behavioural syndrome and alternative MR measures due to reduced overall activity in striped mice. Our study demonstrated the importance to consider personality when measuring RMR and suggests that some alternative MRs may be useful to examine relationships between metabolism and personality when it is impossible to measure individuals over extended time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Jäger
- University of the Witwatersrand, School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Carsten Schradin
- University of the Witwatersrand, School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; IPHC, UNISTRA, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Neville Pillay
- University of the Witwatersrand, School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rebecca Rimbach
- University of the Witwatersrand, School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Clucas C, Claire LS. How Can Respectfulness in Medical Professionals Be Increased? A Complex But Important Question. J Bioeth Inq 2017; 14:123-133. [PMID: 27975157 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-016-9758-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Respectfulness is demanded of doctors and predicts more positive patient health-related outcomes, but research is scarce on ways to promote it. This study explores two ways to conceptualize unconditional respect from medical students, defined as respect paid to people on the basis of their humanity, in order to inform strategies to increase it. Unconditional respect conceptualized as an attitude suggests that unconditional respect and conditional respect are additive, whereas unconditional respect conceptualized as a personality trait suggests that people who are high on unconditional respect afford equal respect to all humans regardless of their merits. One hundred and eighty-one medical students completed an unconditional respect measure then read a description of a respect-worthy or a non-respect-worthy man and indicated their respect towards him. The study found a main effect for unconditional respect and a main effect for target respect-worthiness but no interaction between the two when respect paid to the target was assessed, supporting the attitude-based conceptualization. This suggests that unconditional respect can be increased through relevant interventions aimed at increasing the relative salience to doctors of the human worth of individuals. Interventions to increase unconditional respect are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Clucas
- Centre for Hearing and Balance Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Psychology Department, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, UK.
| | - Lindsay St Claire
- Centre for Hearing and Balance Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Experimental Psychology Department, University of Bristol, The Priory Road Complex, Priory Road, Bristol, UK
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Ohi K, Shimada T, Nitta Y, Kihara H, Okubo H, Uehara T, Kawasaki Y. The Five-Factor Model personality traits in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2016; 240:34-41. [PMID: 27082867 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Personality is one of important factors in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia because it affects patients' symptoms, cognition and social functioning. Several studies have reported specific personality traits in patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy subjects. However, the results were inconsistent among studies. The NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) measures five personality traits: Neuroticism (N), Extraversion (E), Openness (O), Agreeableness (A) and Conscientiousness (C). Here, we performed a meta-analysis of these personality traits assessed by the NEO-FFI in 460 patients with schizophrenia and 486 healthy subjects from the published literature and investigated possible associations between schizophrenia and these traits. There was no publication bias for any traits. Because we found evidence of significant heterogeneity in all traits among the studies, we applied a random-effect model to perform the meta-analysis. Patients with schizophrenia showed a higher score for N and lower scores for E, O, A and C compared with healthy subjects. The effect sizes of these personality traits ranged from moderate to large. These differences were not affected by possible moderator factors, such as gender distribution and mean age in each study, expect for gender effect for A. These findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia have a different personality profile compared with healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Takamitsu Shimada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nitta
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okubo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Uehara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Luetsch K. Attitudes and attributes of pharmacists in relation to practice change - A scoping review and discussion. Res Social Adm Pharm 2017; 13:440-455.e11. [PMID: 27459951 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple barriers and facilitators to the uptake of cognitive services in pharmacy practice have been identified. Pharmacists' attitudes and attributes have been described as barriers and facilitators in relation to the uptake of extended pharmacy services, in addition to those of a more systemic nature. OBJECTIVES To systematically scope and review the literature describing pharmacists' attitudes and attributes in relation to the implementation of cognitive services or role extension and to critically analyze and discuss their relevance as barriers or facilitators. METHOD A scoping review of the literature on attitudes and attributes of pharmacists in relation to pharmacy practice was performed, including 47 articles on attitudes and 12 on attributes, forming the basis for a critical analysis within theoretical frameworks. RESULTS Pharmacists' attitudes toward role extensions and new pharmacy service models are generally positive and their personal attributes and personality traits appear favorable for roles as health professionals. Pharmacists perceived a number of barriers to the uptake of extended roles. CONCLUSION Pharmacists' attributes, including personality traits, and attitudes favor the implementation of cognitive and patient-focused health care services and should not be regarded as major barriers to the uptake of extended pharmacy practice roles. Framing their attitudes and attributes within the theories of planned behavior and personality trait theories indicates that individual motivation needs to be underscored by systemic support for pharmacy practice change to succeed on a wide scale.
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Tao S, Yu L, Gao W, Xue W. Food preferences, personality and parental rearing styles: analysis of factors influencing health of left-behind children. Qual Life Res 2016; 25:2921-2929. [PMID: 27188890 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-016-1317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the health status and problems of left-behind children (LBC) in rural China, those whose parents have moved to urban areas without them, and to focus on ways to improve their physical and mental health. METHODS The study examined 827 children between 7 and 15 years old, selected using stratified cluster random sampling from five towns in Xiji County of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Each child was classified as either LBC or non-LBC. Measures included age- and sex-specific height and body mass index (kg/m2), a food preference questionnaire, the Revised Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and the Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran-My Memories of Upbringing (EMBU). RESULTS Malnutrition rates for LBC and non-LBC were 14.83 % (70/472) and 7.04 % (25/355) (χ 2 = 11.86, p < 0.01). More LBC reported hating vegetables and fruits. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire profiles of LBC revealed a significantly higher degree of neuroticism and psychoticism, and a significantly lower lie scale score (p < 0.01). LBC's EMBU profiles showed that the paternal approach lacked emotional warmth and understanding and the maternal approach was characterized by favoritism, over-interference and overprotection. There were a significant negative correlation between the personality characteristic of neuroticism and liking vegetables and fruits (p < 0.01), and a negative correlation between psychoticism and liking vegetables (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The health status of LBC is problematic. Food preferences, personality type and parenting styles should be taken into account when measures are developed to improve the health of these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tao
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Yu
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlin Gao
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wentong Xue
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
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Abedi G, Molazadeh-Mahali QA, Mirzaian B, Nadi-Ghara A, Heidari-Gorji AM. The Effect of Personality Traits of Managers/Supervisor on Job Satisfaction of Medical Sciences University Staffs. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2016; 6:239-242. [PMID: 28480099 PMCID: PMC5405636 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.203642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Todays people are spending most of their time life in their workplace therefore investigation for job satisfaction related factors is necessities of researches. Aim: The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of manager's personality traits on employee job satisfaction. Subjects and Methods: The present study is a descriptive and causative-comparative one utilized on a statistical sample of 44 managers and 119 employees. It was examined and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics of Student's t-test (independent T), one-way ANOVA, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Results: Findings showed that the managers and supervisors with personality traits of extraversion, eagerness to new experiences, adaptability, and dutifulness had higher subordinate employee job satisfaction. However, in the neurotic trait, the result was different. Conclusion: The results showed that job satisfaction was low in the aspect of neurosis. Based on this, it is suggested that, before any selection in managerial and supervisory positions, candidates receive a personality test and in case an individual has a neurotic trait, appropriate interference takes place both in this group and the employees' one.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Abedi
- Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Q A Molazadeh-Mahali
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and PhD Scholar, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Mirzaian
- Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University Sari, Sari, Iran
| | - A Nadi-Ghara
- Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - A M Heidari-Gorji
- Education and Development Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Trillini MO, Müller-Vahl KR. Narcissistic vulnerability is a common cause for depression in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Psychiatry Res 2015; 230:695-703. [PMID: 26548979 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess for the first time different dimensions of narcissistic self-regulation in a large cohort of adult patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) (n=50). From preliminary studies it is suggested that narcissistic personality trait and disorder, respectively, are relatively uncommon and occur in only 6-10% of GTS patients. In this study we used the Narcissism Inventory (NI), a 163-items questionnaire that measures four different dimensions of narcissism. The main result was that the prevalence of narcissism strongly depends on the subtype of narcissism: while the vulnerable narcissism ("threatened self" and "hypochondriac self") was common, the "classic narcissistic self" (grandiose narcissism) was rare. From our data an association between comorbid depression and increased values of the "threatened self" and comorbid OCD with increased values of the "hypochondriac self" is suggested. Narcissism correlated positively with the personality domain neuroticism and had a significantly negative impact on patients' quality of life. Therefore it can be speculated that vulnerable narcissism is - among several others - one cause for depression in patients with GTS. These findings may open new psychotherapeutic perspectives in the treatment of depression in patients with GTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morounke O Trillini
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Kirsten R Müller-Vahl
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy Hannover Medical School, Germany.
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Cheng GL, Liu YP, Chan CC, So KF, Zeng H, Lee TM. Neurobiological underpinnings of sensation seeking trait in heroin abusers. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1968-80. [PMID: 26364127 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurobiological investigation of heroin revealed that abusers of this highly addictive substance show dysregulation in brain circuits for reward processing and cognitive control. Psychologically, personality traits related to reward processing and cognitive control differed between heroin abusers and non-abusers. Yet, there is no direct evidence on the relationship between these neurobiological and psychological findings on heroin abusers, and whether such relationship is altered in these abusers. The present study filled this research gap by integrating findings obtained via magnetic resonance imaging (structural volume and resting-state functional connectivity) and self-reported personality trait measures (Zuckerman׳s Sensation Seeking Scale and Barratt Impulsivity Scale) on 33 abstinent heroin users and 30 matched healthy controls. The key finding is a negative relationship between high sensation seeking tendency and midbrain structural volume in the heroin users. Importantly, there was stronger coupling between the midbrain and ventromedial prefrontal cortex and weaker coupling between the midbrain and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in heroin users. Our findings offer significant insight into the neural underpinning of sensation seeking in heroin users. Importantly, the data shed light on a novel relationship between the mesolimbic-prefrontal pathway of the reward system and the high sensation seeking personality trait in heroin abusers.
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Tao B, Xu S, Pan X, Gao Q, Wang W. Personality trait correlates of color preference in schizophrenia. Transl Neurosci 2015; 6:174-178. [PMID: 28123802 PMCID: PMC4936627 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2015-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of the present study was to evaluate the color preferences of patients with schizophrenia and their correlations with personality traits. METHODOLOGY Sixty-three patients with schizophrenia and 59 healthy volunteers were asked to undertake the color preference and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) tests. RESULTS The healthy volunteers showed a greater preference for green but a lesser one for brown compared to the patients with schizophrenia. Patients scored higher than the healthy volunteers on the ZKPQ Neuroticism-Anxiety and Activity scales. Moreover, in patients, black preference ranking was associated with the Neuroticism-Anxiety, whereas pink and orange preferences were negatively associated with Activity; white preference correlated negatively with Sociability. CONCLUSIONS Patients with schizophrenia preferred green less but brown more, and displayed their personality correlates of these color preferences. These findings are suggesting that patients with schizophrenia should be encouraged to be more exposed to bright colors such as green and white, and less to dark colors such as black, during therapy and rehabilitation sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiping Tao
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry / School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; The Third People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Shaofang Xu
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry / School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Pan
- The Third People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry / School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry / School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Trillini MO, Müller-Vahl KR. Patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome have widespread personality differences. Psychiatry Res 2015; 228:765-73. [PMID: 26112450 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Only little is known about pathological personality traits in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). The aim of this study was to further investigate the prevalence of personality traits in adults with GTS. We used a variety of rating scales to assess not only personality traits, but also severity of tics, quality of life, and comorbidities (obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression), in a large group (n=50) of patients. Our major finding was that pathological personality traits are very common in patients with GTS encompassing a wide range of different personality traits, but most typically personality traits related to cluster C. Demand-anxious was the most common personality trait, while histrionic personality trait was absent. Patients' quality of life was more impaired by personality traits than comorbidities. Personality traits were more common in patients with comorbid OCD and depression, while comorbid ADHD had no influence. Our findings, therefore, corroborate the hypothesis that GTS plus OCD represents a more severe subtype of GTS, and support the assumption that OCD and depression, but not ADHD, are part of the GTS spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morounke O Trillini
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kirsten R Müller-Vahl
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Tokura T, Kimura H, Ito M, Nagashima W, Sato N, Kimura Y, Arao M, Aleksic B, Yoshida K, Kurita K, Ozaki N. Temperament and character profiles of patients with burning mouth syndrome. J Psychosom Res 2015; 78:495-498. [PMID: 25796514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic disease in which patients feel a burning sensation and pain in the oral cavity. Although personality traits have been suggested to influence the development and course of BMS, they have not yet been examined in detail. We therefore investigated the personality traits of BMS patients. METHODS Sample consisted of 65 BMS patients presenting to the Aichi-Gakuin Dental School Hospital between May 2005 and April 2009. They were also diagnosed as having pain disorder by a psychiatrist. The control group consisted of 116 healthy subjects. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was used to evaluate personality traits, while the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to evaluate the depression rate in both groups. RESULTS In TCI, we found that, in comparison to the control group, the novelty seeking score was significantly lower (p = 0.009), the harm avoidance score was significantly higher (p < 0.001), and the self-directedness score was significantly lower (p = 0.039) in the BMS group. To remove the influence of depression, we performed an analysis of covariance of each TCI item using the BDI score as a covariate. No significant differences were observed in harm avoidance or self-directedness, whereas the differences noted in novelty seeking were significant (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION The novelty seeking score was low in BMS patients in comparison to the control group. They also had high harm avoidance and low self-directedness tendencies, but these were attributed to the influence of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Tokura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Mikiko Ito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Wataru Nagashima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Naohiro Sato
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Munetaka Arao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Keizo Yoshida
- Health Care Promotion Division, Denso Corporation, Kariya, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Kurita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Tzeng NS, Lu RB, Yeh HW, Yeh YW, Huang CC, Yen CH, Kuo SC, Chen CY, Chang HA, Ho PS, Cheng S, Shih MC, Huang SY. The dopamine transporter gene may not contribute to susceptibility and the specific personality traits of amphetamine dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 149:100-7. [PMID: 25683821 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial amount of evidence suggests that dysfunction of the dopamine transporter may be involved in the pathophysiology of amphetamine dependence (AD). The aim of this study was to examine whether the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1, SLC6A3) is associated with development of AD and whether this gene influences personality traits in patients with AD. METHODS Eighteen polymorphisms of the DAT1 gene were analyzed in a case-control study that included 909 Han Chinese men (568 patients with AD and 341 control subjects). The patients fulfilled the DSM-IV-TR criteria for AD. The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) was used to assess personality traits and to examine the association between these traits and DAT1 gene variants. RESULTS A weak association was found between the rs27072 polymorphism and development of AD, but these borderline associations were unconfirmed by logistic regression and haplotype analysis. Although harm avoidance and novelty seeking scores were significantly higher in patients than in controls, DAT1 polymorphisms did not influence these scores. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that high harm avoidance and novelty seeking personality traits may be a risk factor for the development of AD. However, the DAT1 gene may not contribute to AD susceptibility and specific personality traits observed in AD among Han Chinese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ru-Band Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Behavior Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Yeh
- Department of Nursing, Kang-Ning Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Chih Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Che-Hung Yen
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shin-Chang Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Shen Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Serena Cheng
- College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Mei-Chen Shih
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Koh JS, Ko HJ, Wang SM, Cho KJ, Kim JC, Lee SJ, Pae CU. The Relationship between Depression, Anxiety, Somatization, Personality and Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Suggestive of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Psychiatry Investig 2015; 12:268-73. [PMID: 25866530 PMCID: PMC4390600 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2015.12.2.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship of personality, depression, somatization, anxiety with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). The LUTS/BPH patients were evaluated with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), 44-item Big Five Inventory (BFI), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the PHQ-15, and 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). The LUTS/BPH symptoms were more severe in patients with depression (p=0.046) and somatization (p=0.024), respectively. Neurotic patients were associated with greater levels of depression, anxiety and somatisation (p=0.0059, p=0.004 and p=0.0095, respectively). Patients with high extraversion showed significantly low depression (p=0.00481) and anxiety (p=0.035) than those with low extraversion. Our exploratory results suggest patients with LUTS/BPH may need careful evaluation of psychiatric problem including depression, anxiety and somatization. Additional studies with adequate power and improved designs are necessary to support the present exploratory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Koh
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Eunpyeong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng-Min Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Joon Cho
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Chul Kim
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Un Pae
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Duram, NC, USA
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Kuo SC, Yeh YW, Chen CY, Huang CC, Chang HA, Yen CH, Ho PS, Liang CS, Chou HW, Lu RB, Huang SY. DRD3 variation associates with early-onset heroin dependence, but not specific personality traits. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 51:1-8. [PMID: 24398431 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine D3 receptor-mediated pathways are involved in the mechanism of addiction, and genetic factors play a role in the vulnerability to heroin dependence. The aim of this study was to examine whether the corresponding gene, DRD3, is associated with the development of heroin dependence and specific personality traits in HD patients. Eight polymorphisms in DRD3 were analyzed in 1067 unrelated Han Chinese subjects (566 heroin dependence patients and 501 controls). All participants were screened using the same assessment tool and all patients met the criteria for heroin dependence. A Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire was used to assess personality traits in 276 heroin dependence patients. In addition, heroin dependence patients were divided into 4 clinical subgroups based on age-of-onset and family history of substance abuse, to reduce the clinical heterogeneity. The rs6280 and rs9825563 variants showed association with the development of early-onset heroin dependence. The GTA haplotype frequency in the block (rs324029, rs6280, rs9825563) was significantly associated with early-onset heroin dependence (p=0.003). However, these significant associations were weaker after Bonferroni's correction. In addition, these DRD3 polymorphisms did not influence novelty seeking and harm avoidance scores in HD patients. DRD3 is possibly a genetic factor in the development of early-onset heroin dependence, but is not associated with specific personality traits in these patients among the Han Chinese population.
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Koh JS, Ko HJ, Wang SM, Cho KJ, Kim JC, Lee SJ, Pae CU, Serretti A. The association of personality trait on treatment outcomes in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: an exploratory study. J Psychosom Res 2014; 76:127-33. [PMID: 24439688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association of personality traits with the baseline clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). METHODS Subjects were evaluated at baseline and at week 12 following routine treatment for CP/CPPS using the Korean version of the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) to measure the severity of CP/CPPS; the Korean version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to assess depression; the Korean version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) to evaluate somatization; and the Korean version of the EuroQol Questionnaire-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), specifically the EQ-5D utility index and the EQ-5D visual analog scale (EQ-5D VAS), to assess quality of life (QoL). Personality traits including extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness were determined at baseline using the 44-item Big Five Inventory (BFI). The influence of personality traits on the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with CP/CPPS was assessed using relevant statistical analyses. RESULTS Neuroticism was associated with a significantly poorer treatment response and higher levels of depression and somatization. Extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness had some influence on clinical characteristics but openness did not affect overall symptoms or the treatment response in patients with CP/CPPS. CONCLUSIONS We found that neuroticism may be the most important personality trait associated with treatment response and the severity of depression and somatization in patients with CP/CPPS. However, our exploratory findings should be confirmed by additional studies with adequate power and improved designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Koh
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Eunpyeong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng-Min Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Joon Cho
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Chul Kim
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Un Pae
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Duram, NC, USA.
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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MacMurray J, Comings DE, Napolioni V. The gene-immune-behavioral pathway: Gamma-interferon (IFN-γ) simultaneously coordinates susceptibility to infectious disease and harm avoidance behaviors. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 35:169-75. [PMID: 24075848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine gene variants are known to influence both infectious disease susceptibility and harm-avoidant behaviors, suggesting that these risk variants may be pleiotropically linked to instinctual disease-avoidant traits. The gamma-interferon (IFNG) +874 T>A polymorphism (rs2430561) is an ideal candidate gene variant for immune-behavioral studies. It is a functional SNP, regulating IFNG mRNA expression; it is known to modulate serotonergic activity and is therefore capable of modifying behavior; and it has previously been associated with increased susceptibility to malaria, tuberculosis, leprosy and Chagas disease. We hypothesized that the infectious disease-high-risk IFNG +874 A-allele would be associated with four personality traits previously reported as behavioral defenses against infection: Harm Avoidance (HA), Extraversion (E), Exploratory Excitability (Exp E), and Openness to Experience (O). We tested this hypothesis in a sample of 168 healthy university students from Southern California genotyped for IFNG +874 T>A and evaluated by the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R) and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). We found that the infectious disease-high-risk IFNG +874 A-allele was associated with increased HA (P=0.001) and decreased E (P=0.030) and Exp E (P=0.030). These findings suggest that the IFNG +874 A gene variant is linked both to infectious disease susceptibility and to proactive behavioral defenses that reduce infection risk in healthy subjects.
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Siira V, Wahlberg KE, Hakko H, Tienari P. Stability in MMPI among adoptees with high and low genetic risk for schizophrenia and with low Communication Deviance of their adoptive parents. Psychiatry Res 2013; 210:69-74. [PMID: 23769394 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stability has been considered an important aspect of vulnerability to schizophrenia. The temporal stability of the scales in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was examined, using adoptees from the Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia. Adoptees who were high-risk (HR) offspring of biological mothers having a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (n=28) and low-risk (LR) controls (n=46) were evaluated using 15 MMPI scales at the initial assessment (HR, mean age 24 years; LR, mean age 23 years) and at the follow-up assessment after a mean interval of 11 years. Stability of the MMPI scales was also assessed in the groups of adoptees, assigned according to the adoptive parents'(n=44) communication style using Communication Deviance (CD) scale as an environmental factor. Initial Lie, Frequency, Correction, Psychopathic Deviate, Schizophrenia, Manifest Hostility, Hypomania, Phobias, Psychoticism, Religious Fundamentalism, Social Maladjustment, Paranoid Schizophrenia, Golden-Meehl Indicators, Schizophrenia Proneness and 8-6 scale scores significantly predicted the MMPI scores at the follow-up assessment indicating stability in the characteristics of thinking, affective expression, social relatedness and volition. Low CD in the family had an effect on the stabilization of personality traits such as social withdrawal and restricted affectivity assessed by Correction and Hostility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virva Siira
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Box 5000, FI-90014, Finland.
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Huh MJ, Shim G, Byun MS, Kim SN, Kim E, Jang JH, Shin MS, Kwon JS. The impact of personality traits on ratings of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Psychiatry Investig 2013; 10:259-65. [PMID: 24302949 PMCID: PMC3843018 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2013.10.3.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to evaluate consistencies and discrepancies between clinician-administered and self-report versions of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and to examine relationships between these scales and personality traits. METHODS A total of 106 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) participated in this study. All participants were assessed with both clinician-administered and self-report versions of the Y-BOCS. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders Personality Questionnaire (SCID-II-PQ) was used to evaluate relationships between personality traits and scores on the Y-BOCS. RESULTS Scores on the clinician-administered Y-BOCS and its obsession subscale were significantly higher than were those on the self-report version. However, we found no significant differences in compulsion subscale scores. We also found that the discrepancies in the scores on the two versions of the Y-BOCS and its compulsion subscale were significantly positively correlated with scores for narcissistic personality traits on the SCID-II-PQ. Additionally, narcissistic personality traits had a significant effect on the discrepancy in the scores on the two versions of the Y-BOCS and its compulsion subscale in the multiple linear regression analysis. CONCLUSION This is the first study to elucidate relationships between personality traits and discrepancies between scores on the two versions of the Y-BOCS. Although clinicians tend to rate obsessive symptoms as being more severe than do patients, clinicians may underestimate the degree to which individuals with narcissistic personality traits suffer more from subjective discomfort due to compulsive symptoms. Therefore, the effect of personality traits on symptom severity should be considered in the treatment of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geumsook Shim
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry Ministry of Justice, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euitae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hwan Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sup Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences - World Class University Program, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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