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Zhou Y, Li K, Adelson DL. An unmet need for pharmacology: Treatments for radiation-induced gastrointestinal mucositis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116767. [PMID: 38781863 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal mucositis (GIM) continues to be a significant issue in the management of abdominal cancer radiation treatments and chemotherapy, causing significant patient discomfort and therapy interruption or even cessation. This review will first focus on radiotherapy induced GIM, providing an understanding of its clinical landscape. Subsequently, the aetiology of GIM will be reviewed, highlighting diverse contributing factors. The cellular and tissue damage and associated molecular responses in GIM will be summarised in the context of the underlying complex biological processes. Finally, available drugs and pharmaceutical therapies will be evaluated, underscoring their insufficiency, and highlighting the need for further research and innovation. This review will emphasize the urgent need for improved pharmacologic therapeutics for GIM, which is a key research priority in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia; Zhendong Australia China Centre for Molecular Chinese Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
| | - Kun Li
- Beijing Zhendong Guangming Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Beijing 100120, China.
| | - David L Adelson
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia; Zhendong Australia China Centre for Molecular Chinese Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
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2
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Wang R, Mi Y, Ni J, Wang Y, Ding L, Ran X, Sun Q, Tan SY, Koeffler HP, Feng N, Chen YQ. Identification of PRDX5 as A Target for The Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304939. [PMID: 38115765 PMCID: PMC10916659 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a long-standing clinical challenge. Traditionally, CRPC drugs work by either reducing dihydrotestosterone biosynthesis or blocking androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Here it is demonstrated that AR inhibitor treatment gives rise to a drug-tolerant persister (DTP) state. The thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin pathway is up-regulated in DTP cells. Peroxiredoxin 5 (PRDX5) promotes AR inhibitor resistance and CRPC development. Inhibition of PRDX5 suppresses DTP cell proliferation in culture, dampens CRPC development in animal models, and stabilizes PSA progression and metastatic lesions in patients. Therefore, the study provides a novel mechanism and potential target for the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Jiangnan University Medical CenterJiangnan UniversityWuxi214002China
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China
| | - Yuanyuan Mi
- Affiliated HospitalJiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China
| | - Jiang Ni
- Affiliated HospitalJiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China
| | - Yang Wang
- Jiangnan University Medical CenterJiangnan UniversityWuxi214002China
| | - Lingwen Ding
- Department of PathologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore117597Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore117599Singapore
| | - Xuebin Ran
- Department of PathologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore117597Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore117599Singapore
| | - Qiaoyang Sun
- Department of HematologySingapore General HospitalSingapore169608Singapore
| | - Soo Yong Tan
- Department of PathologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore117597Singapore
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore117599Singapore
- Division of Hematology/OncologyCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterUCLA School of MedicineLos AngelesCalifornia90048USA
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Jiangnan University Medical CenterJiangnan UniversityWuxi214002China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- Jiangnan University Medical CenterJiangnan UniversityWuxi214002China
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China
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Nakagaki M, Kennedy GA, Gavin NC, Butler J, Clavarino A, Whitfield K. A randomised trial of topical polaprezinc to prevent oral mucositis in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ToPaZ study). Support Care Cancer 2023; 32:44. [PMID: 38112867 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral mucositis (OM) is a common complication in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Polaprezinc, an anti-ulcer drug, has been shown to be effective to prevent OM in several studies when administered topically and systemically. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of topical polaprezinc in patients undergoing HSCT. METHODS This was an open-label randomised clinical trial comparing polaprezinc and sodium bicarbonate mouthwashes for the prevention of severe OM in HSCT patients. Adult patients who received conditioning regimens at moderate to high risk of developing OM were included. The primary endpoint was the incidence of severe (WHO grades 3-4) OM. The secondary endpoints included duration of grades 3-4 OM, incidence and duration of grades 2-4 OM, patient-reported pain and functional limitations. RESULTS In total, 108 patients (55 test arm and 53 control arm) were randomised. There was no difference in the incidence of grades 3 to 4 OM (35% test arm versus 36% control arm). The secondary endpoints were not significantly different. In both arms, patients reported more throat pain compared to mouth pain. CONCLUSIONS Topical polaprezinc had no effect in the prevention of OM in HSCT patients. Further research is required to evaluate the effects of systemic polaprezinc. The OM assessment tool needs to be reviewed as throat mucositis was a main issue in this study. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12320001188921 (Date Registered: 10th November 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Nakagaki
- Pharmacy Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Glen A Kennedy
- Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicole C Gavin
- Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jason Butler
- Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Karen Whitfield
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Gao J, Cao B, Zhao R, Li H, Xu Q, Wei B. Critical Signaling Transduction Pathways and Intestinal Barrier: Implications for Pathophysiology and Therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1216. [PMID: 37765024 PMCID: PMC10537644 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is a sum of the functions and structures consisting of the intestinal mucosal epithelium, mucus, intestinal flora, secretory immunoglobulins, and digestive juices. It is the first-line defense mechanism that resists nonspecific infections with powerful functions that include physical, endocrine, and immune defenses. Health and physiological homeostasis are greatly dependent on the sturdiness of the intestinal barrier shield, whose dysfunction can contribute to the progression of numerous types of intestinal diseases. Disorders of internal homeostasis may also induce barrier impairment and form vicious cycles during the response to diseases. Therefore, the identification of the underlying mechanisms involved in intestinal barrier function and the development of effective drugs targeting its damage have become popular research topics. Evidence has shown that multiple signaling pathways and corresponding critical molecules are extensively involved in the regulation of the barrier pathophysiological state. Ectopic expression or activation of signaling pathways plays an essential role in the process of shield destruction. Although some drugs, such as molecular or signaling inhibitors, are currently used for the treatment of intestinal diseases, their efficacy cannot meet current medical requirements. In this review, we summarize the current achievements in research on the relationships between the intestinal barrier and signaling pathways. The limitations and future perspectives are also discussed to provide new horizons for targeted therapies for restoring intestinal barrier function that have translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (J.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Ruiyang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (J.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Hanghang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (J.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Qixuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (J.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (J.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.)
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Chen X, Yang D, Wang Q, Zhou A. Gastroprotective Effects of the Aqueous Extract of Finger Citron Pickled Products against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Damage: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Foods 2023; 12:2355. [PMID: 37372566 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Finger citron pickled products (FCPP), as folk remedies, are famous in southern China for protecting gastric mucosa. However, the gastric mucosa protection of FCPP has not been reported yet, and its effective mechanism is unclear. In this study, the protective mechanism of FCPP aqueous extract on gastric mucosa was investigated in vitro and in vivo for the first time, using human gastric mucosa epithelial cells (GES-1) and acute alcoholic gastric ulcer rat model respectively. Furthermore, we also investigated the main substances in the aqueous extract that exert gastroprotective activity using a GES-1 scratch test and basic chemical composition analysis. FCPP aqueous extract was found to play a protective and reparative role in GES-1 by promoting the secretion of trefoil factor thyroid transcription factor 2 (TFF2) and inhibiting the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in cells damaged by alcohol. The ulcer index of gastric tissue induced by alcohol was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) after pretreatment with FCPP aqueous extract, indicating that FCPP aqueous extract had a good protective effect on the stomach mucosa. Moreover, FCPP aqueous extract could increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and inhibit malondialdehyde (MDA) content, exhibiting good antioxidant capacity. Aqueous extract of FCPP could also effectively inhibit the increase of cytokines TNF-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum of rats, and promote the increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) to some extent. Furthermore, FCPP aqueous extract could inhibit the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB/P65) protein, caspase-1 protein and IL-1β protein in the gastric tissue of rats, while promoting the expression of IκBα protein, indicating that the gastric mucosa protection effects of FCPP aqueous extract were mainly dependent on the NF-κB/caspase-1/IL-1β axis. The polysaccharides in FCPP aqueous extract might be the main components that exerted gastroprotective activity, as demonstrated by GES-1 cell scratch assay. This study confirmed that FCPP aqueous extract presented promising potential in protecting gastric mucosa and avoiding gastric ulcers, which could provide an experimental basis for further utilizing the medicinal value and developing new products of FCPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoai Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Aimei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Abdel-Fattah MM, Hassanein EHM, Sayed AM, Alsufyani SE, El-Sheikh AAK, Arab HH, Mohamed WR. Targeting SIRT1/FoxO3a/Nrf2 and PI3K/AKT Pathways with Rebamipide Attenuates Acetic Acid-Induced Colitis in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040533. [PMID: 37111290 PMCID: PMC10142103 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rebamipide is a quinolone derivative that has been commonly used for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. However, the molecular mechanisms of rebamipide against acetic acid-evoked colitis have not been adequately examined. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of rebamipide in a rat model of acetic acid-evoked ulcerative colitis and the linked mechanisms pertaining to SIRT1/FoxO3a/Nrf2 and PI3K/AKT pathways. Herein, colitis was induced by the intrarectal administration of 3% acetic acid solution in saline (v/v) while rebamipide was administered by oral gavage (100 mg/kg/day) for seven days before the colonic insult. The colonic injury was examined by macroscopical and microscopical examination. The current findings demonstrated that rebamipide significantly improved the colonic injury by lowering the colonic disease activity index and macroscopic mucosal injury score. Moreover, it mitigated the histopathological aberrations and microscopical damage score. The favorable outcomes of rebamipide were driven by combating inflammation evidenced by dampening the colonic expression of NF-κBp65 and the pro-inflammatory markers CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6. In the same context, rebamipide curtailed the colonic pro-inflammatory PI3K/AKT pathway as seen by downregulating the immunostaining of PI3K and p-AKT(Ser473) signals. In tandem, rebamipide combated the colonic pro-oxidant events and augmented the antioxidant milieu by significantly diminishing the colonic TBARS and replenishing GSH, SOD, GST, GPx, and CAT. In the same regard, rebamipide stimulated the colonic upstream SIRT1/FoxO3a/Nrf2 axis by upregulating the expression of SIRT1, FoxO3a, and Nrf2, alongside downregulating Keap-1 gene expression. These antioxidant actions were accompanied by upregulation of the protein expression of the cytoprotective signal PPAR-γ in the colons of rats. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that the promising ameliorative features of rebamipide against experimental colitis were driven by combating the colonic inflammatory and oxidative responses. In perspective, augmentation of colonic SIRT1/FoxO3a/Nrf2 and inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathways were engaged in the observed favorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M. Abdel-Fattah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Emad H. M. Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Shuruq E. Alsufyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza A. K. El-Sheikh
- Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa R. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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Salama RM, Ahmed RH, Farid AA, AbdElSattar BA, AbdelBaset RM, Youssef ME, El Wakeel SA. Gastroprotective effect of dapagliflozin in ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats: Crosstalk between HMGB1/RAGE/PTX3 and TLR4/MyD88/VEGF/PDGF signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109686. [PMID: 36623411 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse may lead to the development of gastric mucosal lesions. Dapagliflozin (DAPA), a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, is clinically used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, studies showed protective effect of DAPA under various experimental conditions by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation. The effect of DAPA on experimental gastric ulcer has not been studied yet. Therefore, we attempted to investigate DAPA's protective effect against ethanol (EtOH)-induced gastric lesions. Fifty-six (8-week-old) male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups. DAPA (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day; p.o.) was given for seven days, plus a single dose of absolute EtOH (5 ml/kg) on day 8. According to hematoxylin and eosin, and Alcian blue staining of gastric tissue sections, titratable acidity, and macroscopic assessments, DAPA high dose (10 mg/kg) was the most protective, with lesser ulcerations, and higher mucin, relative to the lower two doses and the standard treatment omeprazole (OME). In rats pre-treated with DAPA high dose, colorimetric and ELISA analyses revealed significantly decreased oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory, and apoptosis indices and increased levels of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Western blot analysis revealed reduced pentraxin-3 (PTX3), high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) expression. These results were comparable in DAPA (10 mg/kg) and OME pre-treated groups. Overall, DAPA exerted a dose-dependent protective effect against EtOH-induced gastric injury. Gastroprotective effects of DAPA (10 mg/kg) may be associated with influencing HMGB1/RAGE/PTX3 and TLR4/MyD88/VEGF/PDGF pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rodaina H Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Alaa A Farid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Merna E Youssef
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sara A El Wakeel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt.
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Shen W, Zhao X, Han Z, Miao Y, Huang H, Zhang Z, Dong L, Nie Y, Li H, Ni R. Efficacy and safety of polaprezinc in the treatment of gastric ulcer: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, positive-controlled clinical trial. Med Eng Phys 2022; 110:103860. [PMID: 35999163 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of polaprezinc compared with rebamipide in the treatment of gastric ulcers (GU). METHODS GU patients (n = 224) from 10 clinical centers were prospectively enrolled and randomly divided into a control (n = 113) or test (n = 111) group. The control group was treated with rebamipide tablets, while the test group was treated with polaprezinc. The primary endpoint was the effective treatment rate, which was confirmed by gastroscopy after 8 weeks of treatment. The secondary efficacy endpoint was the improvement rate of gastrointestinal symptoms after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. RESULTS The basic characteristics of the two groups were well balanced. For the primary efficacy endpoint, the effective rates confirmed by gastroscopy, after treatment for the test and control groups were 81.48% and 74.31% (P = 0.1557), respectively. After 4 and 8 weeks of treatments, both treatment groups had comparable improvements rates in gastrointestinal symptoms (test vs. control: 44.44% vs. 39.45% [P = 0.4559] and 81.48% vs. 77.06% [P = 0.4223]). Further, the two groups had similar adverse events and reactions to the study drugs. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the efficacy and safety of polaprezinc were similar to those of rebamipide in the treatment of GU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Yinglei Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Huimei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing 163316, China
| | - RunZhou Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Efthymakis K, Neri M. The role of Zinc L-Carnosine in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal mucosal disease in humans: a review. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2022; 46:101954. [PMID: 35659631 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2022.101954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Zinc L-carnosine is a pharmaceutical compound with direct mucosal cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory action through its antioxidative effects, cytokine modulation and membrane-stabilizing properties. Chemically, it is not an anti-secretory, antacid or raft-forming agent; its properties are mainly mediated by its higher affinity for damaged mucosa that permits the release of zinc locally by ligand exchange. Beneficial effects on various types of mucosal damage have been described in vitro and in vivo, in both animals and humans. It has been shown to promote repair of mucosal injury in human studies and has been widely used for the treatment of peptic ulcers, chemoradiotherapy-induced oral mucositis and esophagitis. More recently, the therapeutic applications of Zinc L-carnosine have been extended to the prevention and cure of various types of intestinal damage, including ulcerative colitis, iatrogenic ulcers after operative endoscopy, hemorrhoidal disease and impaired intestinal permeability. This review concentrates mainly on the current and future applications of zinc L-carnosine in gastrointestinal disease, and may be of use to gastroenterologists and endoscopists. It describes the therapeutic principles and benefits of this interesting molecule and discusses the potential future fields of interest for clinical use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Efthymakis
- Digestive Endoscopy and Gastroenterology Unit, SS Annunziata Hospital, ASL2 Abruzzo, Chieti, Italy
| | - Matteo Neri
- Digestive Endoscopy and Gastroenterology Unit, SS Annunziata Hospital, ASL2 Abruzzo, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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Tang W, Liu H, Ooi TC, Rajab NF, Cao H, Sharif R. Zinc carnosine: Frontiers advances of supplement for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113157. [PMID: 35605299 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) has an existence within large quantities in the human brain, while accumulating within synaptic vesicle. There is growing evidence that Zn metabolic equilibrium breaking participates into different diseases (e.g., vascular dementia, carcinoma, Alzheimer's disease). Carnosine refers to an endogenic dipeptide abundant in skeletal muscle and brains and exerts a variety of positive influences (e.g., carcinoma resistance, crosslinking resistance, metal chelation and oxidation limitation). A complex of Zn and carnosine, called Zinc-L-carnosine (ZnC), has been extensively employed within Zn supplement therapeutic method and the treating approach for ulcers. ZnC has been shown to play a variety of roles in the body, including inhibiting intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) and free radical levels, inhibiting inflammation, supplementing zinc enzymes and promoting wound healing and mucosal cell repair. The present study conducting a reviewing process for the advances of ZnC in tumor adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Tang
- Center for Healthy Ageing & Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanyuan Liu
- General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Theng Choon Ooi
- Center for Healthy Ageing & Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Center for Healthy Ageing & Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hongyong Cao
- General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Razinah Sharif
- Center for Healthy Ageing & Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Biocompatibility Laboratory, Centre for Research and Instrumentation, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Kim SE. Mucoprotectants. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HELICOBACTER AND UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.7704/kjhugr.2021.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Schulz RM, Ahuja NK, Slavin JL. Effectiveness of Nutritional Ingredients on Upper Gastrointestinal Conditions and Symptoms: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:672. [PMID: 35277031 PMCID: PMC8839470 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional ingredients, including various fibers, herbs, and botanicals, have been historically used for various ailments. Their enduring appeal is predicated on the desire both for more natural approaches to health and to mitigate potential side effects of more mainstream treatments. Their use in individuals experiencing upper gastrointestinal (GI) complaints is of particular interest in the scientific space as well as the consumer market but requires review to better understand their potential effectiveness. The aim of this paper is to review the published scientific literature on nutritional ingredients for the management of upper GI complaints. We selected nutritional ingredients on the basis of mentions within the published literature and familiarity with recurrent components of consumer products currently marketed. A predefined literature search was conducted in Embase, Medline, Derwent drug file, ToXfile, and PubMed databases with specific nutritional ingredients and search terms related to upper GI health along with a manual search for each ingredient. Of our literature search, 16 human clinical studies including nine ingredients met our inclusion criteria and were assessed in this review. Products of interest within these studies subsumed the categories of botanicals, including fiber and combinations, and non-botanical extracts. Although there are a few ingredients with robust scientific evidence, such as ginger and a combination of peppermint and caraway oil, there are others, such as melatonin and marine alginate, with moderate evidence, and still others with limited scientific substantiation, such as galactomannan, fenugreek, and zinc-l-carnosine. Importantly, the paucity of high-quality data for the majority of the ingredients analyzed herein suggests ample opportunity for further study. In particular, trials with appropriate controls examining dose-response using standardized extracts and testing for specific benefits would yield precise and effective data to aid those with upper GI symptoms and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah M. Schulz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Nitin K. Ahuja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Joanne L. Slavin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
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13
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Li M, Sun Z, Zhang H, Liu Z. Recent advances on polaprezinc for medical use (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1445. [PMID: 34721687 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study described the chemical and biological properties of zinc complex of L-carnosine (L-CAZ; generic name, polaprezinc; chemical name, catena-(S)-[µ-[N(α)-(3-aminopropionyl) histidinato (2-) N1, N2, O: N(τ)]-zinc], molecular formula, C9H14N4O3Zn; molecular weight, 291.6404; CAS registry number, 107667-60-7). Characterized as a white or yellowish white crystalline powder, this drug is insoluble in glacial acetic acid and almost insoluble in water, methanol, ethanol and ether. It is soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute nitric acid and sodium hydroxide solution, and its melting point is 260-270˚C. Polaprezinc is an anti-ulcer drug that was jointly studied and developed by Hamari Chemicals Co., Ltd. and Zeria Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and was first approved in Japan in 1994. This review article summarizes the research advances of polaprezinc, including the patents, preparations, synthetic routes, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological effects and application in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingru Li
- Jilin Broadwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Liaoyuan, Jilin 136200, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jilin People's Hospital, Jilin City, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Jilin Broadwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Liaoyuan, Jilin 136200, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
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14
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Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Vranes H, Zizek H, Drmic D, Batelja Vuletic L, Milavic M, Sikiric S, Stilinovic I, Simeon P, Knezevic M, Kolak T, Tepes M, Simonji K, Strbe S, Nikolac Gabaj N, Barisic I, Oreskovic EG, Lovric E, Kokot A, Skrtic A, Boban Blagaic A, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Robert's Intragastric Alcohol-Induced Gastric Lesion Model as an Escalated General Peripheral and Central Syndrome, Counteracted by the Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101300. [PMID: 34680419 PMCID: PMC8533388 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We redefined Robert’s prototypical cytoprotection model, namely the intragastric administration of 96% alcohol in order to generate a general peripheral and central syndrome similar to that which occurs when major central or peripheral veins are occluded in animal models. With this redefinition, we used Robert’s model to examine the cytoprotective effects of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157. The intragastric administration of alcohol induced gastric lesions, intracranial (superior sagittal sinus) hypertension, severe brain swelling and lesions, portal and vena caval hypertension, aortal hypotension, severe thrombosis, inferior vena cava and superior mesenteric vein congestion, azygos vein failure (as a failed collateral pathway), electrocardiogram disturbances, and heart, lung, liver and kidney lesions. The use of BPC 157 therapy (10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg given intraperitoneally 1 min after alcohol) counteracted these deficits rapidly. Specifically, BPC 157 reversed brain swelling and superior mesenteric vein and inferior vena caval congestion, and helped the azygos vein to recover, which improved the collateral blood flow pathway. Microscopically, BPC 157 counteracted brain (i.e., intracerebral hemorrhage with degenerative changes of cerebral and cerebellar neurons), heart (acute subendocardial infarct), lung (parenchymal hemorrhage), liver (congestion), kidney (congestion) and gastrointestinal (epithelium loss, hemorrhagic gastritis) lesions. In addition, this may have taken place along with the activation of specific molecular pathways. In conclusion, these findings clarify and extend the theory of cytoprotection, offer an approach to its practical application, and establish BPC 157 as a prospective cytoprotective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slaven Gojkovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Hrvoje Vranes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Helena Zizek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Lovorka Batelja Vuletic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.V.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Marija Milavic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.V.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Suncana Sikiric
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.V.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Irma Stilinovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Paris Simeon
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Mario Knezevic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Toni Kolak
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marijan Tepes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Karol Simonji
- Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Nora Nikolac Gabaj
- Department of Chemistry, University Clinical Hospital Center “Sestre Milosrdnice”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivan Barisic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Emma Grace Oreskovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Eva Lovric
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.V.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.V.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.V.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.G.); (I.K.); (H.V.); (H.Z.); (D.D.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.T.); (S.S.); (I.B.); (E.G.O.); (A.B.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4566-833; Fax: +385-1-4592-005
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15
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Sepehrinezhad A, Rezaeitalab F, Shahbazi A, Sahab-Negah S. A Computational-Based Drug Repurposing Method Targeting SARS-CoV-2 and its Neurological Manifestations Genes and Signaling Pathways. Bioinform Biol Insights 2021; 15:11779322211026728. [PMID: 34211268 PMCID: PMC8216348 DOI: 10.1177/11779322211026728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a global concern involves infections in multiple organs. Much of the research up to now has been descriptive on neurological manifestations followed by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite considerable efforts on effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, novel therapeutic options for COVID-19 comorbidities are warranted. One of the fast ways to introduce possible effective drugs for clinical trials is bioinformatics methods. We have conducted a comprehensive enrichment analysis of genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 and neurological disorders associated with COVID-19. For this purpose, gene sets were extracted from the GeneWeaver database. To find out some significant enriched findings for common genes between SARS-CoV-2 and its neurological disorders, several practical databases were used. Finally, to repurpose an efficient drug, DrugBank databases were used. Overall, we detected 139 common genes concerning SARS-CoV-2 and their neurological disorders. Interestingly, our study predicted around 6 existing drugs (ie, carvedilol, andrographolide, 2-methoxyestradiol, etanercept, polaprezinc, and arsenic trioxide) that can be used for repurposing. We found that polaprezinc (zinc l-carnosine) drug is not investigated in the context of COVID-19 till now and it could be used for the treatment of COVID-19 and its neurological manifestations. To summarize, enrichment and network data get us a coherent picture to predict drug repurposing to speed up clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sepehrinezhad
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariborz Rezaeitalab
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Sahab-Negah
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics (SBMT), Iranian Chapter, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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16
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Elmansy RA, Seleem HS, Mahmoud AR, Hassanein EHM, Ali FEM. Rebamipide potentially mitigates methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation: A molecular and histochemical study. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 304:647-661. [PMID: 32589351 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent; nevertheless, the nephrotoxicity associated with its use has limited its clinical use. Rebamipide (REB) is a gastro-protective agent with diverse promising biological activities. Here, we investigated the renoprotective effects of REB against MTX-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: the normal control group, the REB group (100 mg kg-1 day-1 , PO, for 12 days), the MTX group (which received a single injection of 20 mg/kg, ip), and the REB + MTX group (which received 100 mg kg-1 day-1 REB for 7 days before and 5 days after being injected with 20 mg/kg MTX). Interestingly, MTX triggered kidney injury, characterized by renal dysfunction along with histopathological alterations. Moreover, increased reactive oxygen species level and inflammatory response were detected in the kidney of MTX-treated rats. However, REB prevented MTX-induced oxidative kidney injury and boosted an antioxidant balance. Mechanistically, REB markedly activated the NRF-2 protein and upregulated the expression of both SIRT-1 and FOXO-3 genes. Additionally, REB administration strongly inhibited the inflammatory response by downregulating both NF-κB-p65 and TLR-4. Finally, the coadministration of REB and MTX activated the mTOR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Simultaneously, REB treatment attenuated the reduction in glomerular size, the widening of the capsular spaces, and the tubular cell damage due to MTX administration. Taken together, these results indicate the potential of REB as adjuvant therapy to prevent nephrotoxicity in patients receiving MTX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Elmansy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Anatomy Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan S Seleem
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.,Histology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany R Mahmoud
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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17
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Jung DH, Park JC, Lee YC, Lee SK, Shin SK, Chung H, Park JJ, Kim JH, Youn YH, Park H. Comparison of the Efficacy of Polaprezinc Plus Proton Pump Inhibitor and Rebamipide Plus Proton Pump Inhibitor Treatments for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection-induced Ulcers. J Clin Gastroenterol 2021; 55:233-238. [PMID: 32341237 PMCID: PMC7960146 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
GOALS We assessed the efficacy of polaprezinc plus proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)-induced ulcer healing compared with rebamipide plus PPI treatment. BACKGROUND ESD has been widely used as a local treatment option that cures gastric neoplasms. However, it causes large and deep artificial ulcers, and there are no guidelines with regard to the optimal treatment durations and drug regimens for ESD-induced ulcers. Polaprezinc is effective for promoting ulcer healing and helps enhance the quality of ulcer healing. STUDY Two hundred ten patients with ESD-induced ulcers were randomly allocated to treatment with polaprezinc (150 mg/d) plus pantoprazole (40 mg/d) or treatment with rebamipide (300 mg/d) plus pantoprazole (40 mg/d). We evaluated the ulcer healing rate and condition of the ulcer at 4 weeks after dissection. The χ2 or Fisher exact test and the Student t test were used. RESULTS The ulcer healing rates at 4 weeks after dissection in the polaprezinc plus pantoprazole treatment group were not inferior compared with those in the rebamipide plus pantoprazole treatment group, both in the intention-to-treat analysis (90.3% and 91.4%, respectively, P=0.523) and per-protocol analysis (89.9% and 91.1%, respectively, P=0.531). The short procedure time was an independent predictive factor for a high ulcer healing rate (odds ratio: 0.975; 95% confidence interval: 0.958-0.993; P=0.006). CONCLUSION The polaprezinc plus PPI treatment showed noninferiority to rebamipide plus PPI treatment in the ulcer healing rate at 4 weeks after ESD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hyun Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Jun Chul Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Yong Chan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Sang Kil Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Sung Kwan Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Hyunsoo Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine
| | - Jae Jun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Jie-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Youn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyojin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Ooi TC, Chan KM, Sharif R. Zinc L-Carnosine Protects CCD-18co Cells from L-Buthionine Sulfoximine-Induced Oxidative Stress via the Induction of Metallothionein and Superoxide Dismutase 1 Expression. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:464-471. [PMID: 32146577 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc L-carnosine (ZnC) is the chelate form of zinc and L-carnosine and is one of the zinc supplements available in the market. This study aims to determine the protective effects of ZnC against L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO)-induced oxidative stress in CCD-18co human normal colon fibroblast cell line. CCD-18co cells were pretreated with ZnC (0-100 μM) for 24 h before the induction of oxidative stress by BSO (1 mM) for another 24 h. Results from this present study demonstrated that ZnC up to the concentration of 100 μM was not cytotoxic to CCD-18co cells. Induction with BSO significantly increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and reduced the intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in CCD-18co cells. Pretreatment with ZnC was able to attenuate the increment in intracellular ROS level in CCD-18co cells significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. However, ZnC did not have any effects on intracellular GSH levels and Nrf2 activation. Mechanistically, pretreatment with ZnC was able to upregulate the expression of metallothionein (MT) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in CCD-18co cells. Results from dual-luciferase reporter gene assay reported that ZnC was able to increase the MRE-mediated relative luciferase activities in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that the induction of MT expression by ZnC was due to the activation of MTF-1 signaling pathway. Taken together, our current findings suggest that ZnC can protect CCD-18co cells from BSO-induced oxidative stress via the induction of MT and SOD1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theng Choon Ooi
- Center for Healthy Ageing & Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Meng Chan
- Environmental Health and Industrial Safety Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Razinah Sharif
- Center for Healthy Ageing & Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Biocompatibility Laboratory, Centre for Research and Instrumentation, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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19
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Yang X, Yang L, Pan D, Liu H, Xia H, Wang S, Sun G. Wheat peptide protects against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage through downregulation of TLR4 and MAPK. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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20
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Oral management with polaprezinc solution reduces adverse events in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 50:906-914. [PMID: 33144049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of gargling with and then swallowing PPAA (polaprezinc in polyacrylic acid solution), in addition to regular oral management, on patients with a haematopoietic neoplasm scheduled for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A total of 120 patients scheduled for HSCT during the years 2006-2016 were recruited. Patient background, oral adverse events, the incidence and severity of systemic adverse events (sepsis/septic shock, acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after transplantation), and outcomes (survival/death) were compared between groups treated with and without PPAA. The severities of oral adverse events (oral mucositis, oral pain, and dysgeusia) were significantly lower in patients treated with PPAA. There was no significant difference in the incidence of febrile neutropenia (P=0.622) or sepsis/septic shock (P=0.665) as systemic adverse events. The severity of allograft-induced acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was significantly lower in the PPAA group (P=0.011). There was no significant difference in outcome between the two groups (P=0.285). Within the limitations of the study design, it may be concluded that oral management with PPAA reduces adverse events in HSCT. Oral management with concomitant use of PPAA decreased oral adverse events and reduced the systemic complication of GVHD.
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21
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Chen W, Wu D, Jin Y, Li Q, Liu Y, Qiao X, Zhang J, Dong G, Li Z, Li T, Yang Y. Pre-protective effect of polysaccharides purified from Hericium erinaceus against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:948-956. [PMID: 32450327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The β-glucan H6PC20 (Mw: 2390 kDa) and α-heteropolysaccharide HPB-3 (Mw: 15 kDa) were purified from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus according to the previous methods. Their gastroprotective activities and corresponding structure-activity relationship were studied in the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model of rats. After intragastric administrated with H6PC20 and HPB-3 for 14 days, macroscopic and histological evaluation of gastric mucosa was improved significantly. The defense and repair factors (EGF, bFGF and PGE2) were increased, meanwhile, the inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and MDA were reduced. These results indicated that H6PC20 and HPB-3 presented gastroprotective activities with the mechanism of activating repair and defense system, decreasing the inflammatory response and alleviating the oxidative injury. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationship showed that the macromolecular β-glucan was better for repair and defense system, while the low weight molecular α-heteropolysaccharide focused on the anti-inflammatory effect. The polysaccharides purified from H. erinaceus can be developed as a potential gastroprotective ingredient for applications in pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchao Chen
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yueling Jin
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Qiaozhen Li
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xuxin Qiao
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Guochao Dong
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Zhengpeng Li
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China.
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22
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Ooi TC, Chan KM, Sharif R. Protective effects of zinc L-carnosine against hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage and micronucleus formation in CCD-18co human colon fibroblast cells. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:330-340. [PMID: 32366187 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1763333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zinc L-carnosine (ZnC) is a chelated compound of zinc and L-carnosine. The present study aims to determine the protective effects of ZnC against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress and genomic damage in CCD-18co human normal colon fibroblast cells. Generally, cells were pretreated with ZnC (0-100 µM) for 24 h before challenged with 20 µM of H2O2 for 1 h to induce oxidative damage. Results showed that pretreatment with ZnC was able to reduce the intracellular ROS level in CCD-18co cells after being challenged with H2O2. Moreover, pretreatment with ZnC demonstrated protection from H2O2-induced DNA strand breaks and micronucleus formation. Our current findings revealed that pretreatment with ZnC could induce the activation of MTF-1 signaling pathway and expression of metallothionein (MT) in a dose-dependent manner. However, ZnC did not have any effects on Nrf2 signaling pathway and the expression of glutathione, superoxide dismutase 1, and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). Furthermore, pretreatment with ZnC did not induce the expression of OGG1 and PARP-1 in CCD-18co cells, suggesting that these two DNA repairing enzymes are not related to the genoprotective effects of ZnC. Since the expression of MT has been demonstrated to protect cells from oxidative DNA damage induced by various genotoxic agents, the genoprotective effects of ZnC might be due to the ability of ZnC to induce the expression of MT. In conclusion, ZnC pretreatment was able to protect CCD-18co cells from H2O2-induced genomic damage via the activation of the MTF-1 signalling pathway and the induction of MT expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theng Choon Ooi
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Meng Chan
- Environmental Health and Industrial Safety Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Razinah Sharif
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Biocompatibility Laboratory, Centre for Research and Instrumentation, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Huang P, Tang W, Shen R, Ju X, Shao G, Xu X, Jiang A, Qian X, Chen M, Zhou Z, Ren C. Analysis of candidate biomarkers and related transcription factors involved in the development and restoration of stress-induced gastric ulcer by transcriptomics. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:265-275. [PMID: 32088906 PMCID: PMC7058781 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced gastric ulcer is one of the common complications affecting patients after trauma, mainly leading to gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation, and severe cases may be life-threatening. However, the molecular mechanism of stress-induced gastric ulcer remains unclear. In the present study, RNA-sequencing was performed on gastric tissues of normal rats (C), stress-induced gastric ulcer rats (T0), and rats recovered from gastric ulcer for 3 days (T3), and bioinformatics analysis was performed to determine changes in gene expression and biological pathways. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were constructed by STRING and visualized by the Cytoscape software. The associated transcriptional factor (TFs)-gene regulatory network of the hub DEGs was also constructed. Pairwise comparisons obtained 103 (T0_C), 127 (T3_T0), and 13 (T3_C) DEGs, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated DEGs in T0_C and T3_T0 were significantly enriched in response to oxygen-containing compound, response to organic substance, and response to external stimulus. Pathway analysis suggested that DEGs were enriched in TNF signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, apoptosis, and IL-17 signaling pathway. Seven hub genes (Fos, Jun, Nfkbia, Dusp1, Pim3, Junb, and Fosb) were obtained from the PPI networks of T0_C and T3_T0. Key TFs with close interactions, such as Fos, Jun, Nfkbia, Junb, Egr1, and Fosb, were screened This study used RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis to screen out genes associated with gastric ulcer, which can help reveal the molecular mechanism of gastric ulcer development and restoration, and provide reference for the treatment of human gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Huang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihong Tang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Shen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Ju
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Genbao Shao
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Anqi Jiang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Qian
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Caifang Ren
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
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Hewlings S, Kalman D. A Review of Zinc-L-Carnosine and Its Positive Effects on Oral Mucositis, Taste Disorders, and Gastrointestinal Disorders. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030665. [PMID: 32121367 PMCID: PMC7146259 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-L-carnosine (ZnC), also called polaprezinc known as PepZin GI™, is a chelated compound that contains L-carnosine and zinc. It is a relatively new molecule and has been associated with multiple health benefits. There are several studies that support ZnC’s benefits in restoring the gastric lining, healing other parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, improving taste disorders, improving GI disorders, and enhancing skin and liver. Oral mucositis is a common complication of cytotoxic radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. It occurs in almost every person with head and neck cancer who receive radiotherapy. It is often overlooked because it is not considered life threatening. However, mucositis often leads to a decreased quality of life and cessation of treatment, ultimately decreasing positive outcomes. Therefore, solutions to address it should be considered. The primary mechanisms of action are thought to be localized and related to ZnC’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss the research related to ZnC and to explore its benefits, especially in the management of conditions related to damaged epithelial cells, such as oral mucositis. Evidence supports the safety and efficacy of ZnC for the maintenance, prevention, and treatment of the mucosal lining and other epithelial tissues. The research supports its use for gastric ulcers (approved in Japan) and conditions of the upper GI and suggests other applications, particularly for oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hewlings
- Central Michigan University, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Douglas Kalman
- College of Healthcare Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale 33314, USA;
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Ogden HB, Child RB, Fallowfield JL, Delves SK, Westwood CS, Layden JD. The Gastrointestinal Exertional Heat Stroke Paradigm: Pathophysiology, Assessment, Severity, Aetiology and Nutritional Countermeasures. Nutrients 2020; 12:E537. [PMID: 32093001 PMCID: PMC7071449 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a life-threatening medical condition involving thermoregulatory failure and is the most severe condition along a continuum of heat-related illnesses. Current EHS policy guidance principally advocates a thermoregulatory management approach, despite growing recognition that gastrointestinal (GI) microbial translocation contributes to disease pathophysiology. Contemporary research has focused to understand the relevance of GI barrier integrity and strategies to maintain it during periods of exertional-heat stress. GI barrier integrity can be assessed non-invasively using a variety of in vivo techniques, including active inert mixed-weight molecular probe recovery tests and passive biomarkers indicative of GI structural integrity loss or microbial translocation. Strenuous exercise is strongly characterised to disrupt GI barrier integrity, and aspects of this response correlate with the corresponding magnitude of thermal strain. The aetiology of GI barrier integrity loss following exertional-heat stress is poorly understood, though may directly relate to localised hyperthermia, splanchnic hypoperfusion-mediated ischemic injury, and neuroendocrine-immune alterations. Nutritional countermeasures to maintain GI barrier integrity following exertional-heat stress provide a promising approach to mitigate EHS. The focus of this review is to evaluate: (1) the GI paradigm of exertional heat stroke; (2) techniques to assess GI barrier integrity; (3) typical GI barrier integrity responses to exertional-heat stress; (4) the aetiology of GI barrier integrity loss following exertional-heat stress; and (5) nutritional countermeasures to maintain GI barrier integrity in response to exertional-heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry B. Ogden
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Wellbeing, Plymouth MARJON University, Derriford Rd, Plymouth PL6 8BH, UK; (C.S.W.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Robert B. Child
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2QU, UK;
| | | | - Simon K. Delves
- Institute of Naval Medicine, Alverstoke PO12 2DW, UK; (J.L.F.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Caroline S. Westwood
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Wellbeing, Plymouth MARJON University, Derriford Rd, Plymouth PL6 8BH, UK; (C.S.W.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Joseph D. Layden
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Wellbeing, Plymouth MARJON University, Derriford Rd, Plymouth PL6 8BH, UK; (C.S.W.); (J.D.L.)
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Zinc l-carnosine in gastric ulcers: a profile of its use. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-019-00667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Ghodsi R. Carnosine Effect on Advanced Lipoxidation End-Products: a Brief Review on Tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-019-00188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of Prunus cerasus phytochemicals and their possible mechanisms of action. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 10:345-353. [PMID: 32695651 PMCID: PMC7365781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prunus cerasus (P. cerasus) is an alternative-medicine used traditionally for amelioration of chronic-ailments marked by elevation in oxidative-stress like neuropathy. The oxidative-stress control was reported to ameliorate the inflammatory-process. This study aimed to phytochemically-investigate P. cerasus most-active phytochemicals utilizing in-vivo biological models to explore their gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive potentials and their possible mechanisms of action. Sonication with EtAc was used to extract P. cerasus fruit (Scf), and seed (Scs). The phytochemical-investigation of Scf was performed by RP-HPLC, while that of Scs was explored utilizing GC-FID. A bio-guided-fraction and isolation method was done utilizing column-chromatography, and have shown that cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy3G) was the most-active constituent in Scf, while linoleic-acid (LA) was the most-active constituent in Scs. Scf, Scs, Cy3G, and LA significantly (p ˂ 0.05) protected the gastric-mucosa against HCl/EtOH-induced gastric-lesions. Scs (200 mg/kg) has shown the most gastroprotective-potentials, and had comparable-results to ranitidine (50 mg/kg). Scf, Scs, Cy3G, and LA have shown significant anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potentials against carrageenan induced-edema and nociceptive-pain, respectively, where Scs (200 mg/kg) has shown the most anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potentials, and had comparable results to ibuprofen (100 mg/kg). Scf, Scs, Cy3G, and LA have counter-acted carrageenan-induced oxidative-stress markers, with increased serum-catalase and reduced-glutathione levels, and decreased lipid-peroxidation. Histopathological-studies demonstrated gastroprotective potentials, regeneration and improvement of the spleen-structural architecture when treated with highest doses of Scs and Scf. The reduction of the pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha and IL-6, and elevation the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 levels, spleen regenerative-capacity and oxidative-stress amelioration might be the main-mechanism responsible for P. cerasus anti-inflammatory potentials. P. cerasus appears to aid in ameliorating the inflammatory process, and reducing pain-thresholds while preserving the stomach.
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Key Words
- Anti-inflammatory
- Antinociceptive effects
- Cy3G, Cyanidin 3-glucoside
- EtAc, Ethyl acetate
- EtOH, ethanol
- FID, flame-ionization detector
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- Gastroprotective
- H and E staining, Hematoxylin and Eosin staining
- HAc, acetic acid
- IL-10, Interleukin 10
- IL-6, Interleukin 6
- Ib, Ibuprofen
- LA, Linoleic acid
- LPO, lipid peroxidation
- MeOH, methanol
- NSAIDs, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Oxidative stress
- P. cerasus, Prunus cerasus
- PWT, paw withdrawal threshold
- Prunus cerasus
- Scf, sour cherry fruit ethyl acetate extract
- Scs, sour cherry seed ethyl acetate extract
- TBARS, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TNF-alpha, Tumor necrosis factor alpha
- VEH, vehicle control
- e, edema
- er, erosions
- h, hemorrhage
- ic, infiltration of inflammatory cell in the sub-mucosa
- mu, mucosa
- sm, sub-mucosa
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AbdulSalam H, Hassan Kha HAER. Potential Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Gastroprotective Effect of Grape Seed Extract in Indomethacin-induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.209.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Rebamipide Mitigates Impairments in Mitochondrial Function and Bioenergetics with α-Synuclein Pathology in 6-OHDA-Induced Hemiparkinson’s Model in Rats. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:542-562. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ghodsi R, Kheirouri S, Nosrati R. Carnosine supplementation does not affect serum concentrations of advanced glycation and precursors of lipoxidation end products in autism: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Ann Clin Biochem 2018; 56:148-154. [PMID: 30089410 DOI: 10.1177/0004563218796860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abundant evidence indicate the increased levels of oxidative stress in patients with autism. Advanced glycation end products and advanced lipoxidation end products and their precursors play a major role in increased oxidative stress in numerous metabolic and neurologic diseases. Carnosine is a natural dipeptide with antiglycation effects. The aim of this trial was to examine the effects of carnosine supplementation on the advanced glycation end products and the precursors of advanced lipoxidation end products in patients with autism. METHOD This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 36 autistic children, 18 in the carnosine group and 18 in the placebo group. The groups received a daily supplement of 500 mg carnosine or placebo for two months, respectively. Plasma concentrations of glycation and precursors of lipoxidation markers were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS In all, 63.9% of the autistic children had normal nutritional status. Carnosine supplementation did not significantly alter plasma concentrations of advanced glycation end products and precursors of advanced lipoxidation end products in autistic children. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that supplementation of carnosine could not change advanced glycation end products and precursor of advanced lipoxidation end products in autistic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Ghodsi
- Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, I. R. Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, I. R. Iran
| | - Rahmat Nosrati
- Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, I. R. Iran
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32
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Carnosine and advanced glycation end products: a systematic review. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1177-1186. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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33
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Liu ZY, Xie WB, Ru Li M, Teng N, Liang X, Zhang ZQ. Effects of polaprezinc on gastric mucosal damage and neurotransmitters in a rat model of chemotherapy-induced vomiting. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:2436-2444. [PMID: 29756515 PMCID: PMC6023045 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518771492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of polaprezinc (PZ) on cyclophosphamide (CTX)- or cisplatin (DDP)-induced gastric mucosal injury and on a rat model of neurotransmitter-mediated vomiting. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats were divided at random into Control, CTX, DDP, PZ+CTX, and PZ+DDP groups. After 20 days, brain tissues and sera were analyzed for the levels of dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of stomach, intestine, and brain tissues were examined using light microscopy. Results The levels of DA, 5-HT, and NF-κB in brain and serum samples of rats treated with CTX or DDP were significantly increased compared with those of rats in the Control group. There was a significant decrease in these values in the PZ group. Moreover, PZ reduced damage to brain tissue caused by CTX or DDP. Conclusions PZ decreased the levels of DA, 5-HT, and NF-κB in blood and brain tissues caused by CTX or DDP and reduced the chemotherapy-induced damage to the small intestine, stomach, and brain. These findings can be translated to the clinic to enhance the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang Liu
- 1 National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Bo Xie
- 2 Jilin Province Broadwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Ming Ru Li
- 2 Jilin Province Broadwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Nan Teng
- 2 Jilin Province Broadwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- 1 National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Qiang Zhang
- 1 National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Liang J, Dou Y, Wu X, Li H, Wu J, Huang Q, Luo D, Yi T, Liu Y, Su Z, Chen J. Prophylactic efficacy of patchoulene epoxide against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats: Influence on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 283:30-37. [PMID: 29339218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patchoulene epoxide (PAO), a tricyclic sesquiterpene isolated from the long-stored patchouli oil, has been demonstrated the anti-inflammatory activity in vivo based on our previous study. However, the gastric protective effect of PAO still remains unknown. Therefore, in the present study, ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model was carried out to evaluate the anti-ulcerogenic activity of PAO and to elucidate the potential mechanisms that involves. According to our results, macroscopic examination revealed that PAO could significantly reduce ethanol-induced gastric ulcer areas as compared with the vehicle group, which was also supported by the histological evaluation result. As for its potential mechanism, the anti-inflammatory activity of PAO contributed to gastric protection through reversing the imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and modulating the expressions of NF-κB pathway-related proteins including p-IκBα, IκBα, p-p65 and p65. Besides, PAO was able to enhance the expressions of antioxidant enzymes including glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and down-regulate malonaldehyde (MDA), an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry analysis exhibited potent anti-apoptosis effect of PAO, as evidence by down-regulating the protein expression of caspase-3, Fas and Fasl. Additionally, we also demonstrated that PAO could replenish PGE2 and NO mucosal defense. In conclusion, these findings suggested that PAO has gastric protective activity against ethanol and this might be related to its influence on inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis cascade and gastric mucosal defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaoxing Dou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huilin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Jiazhen Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Qionghui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dandan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tiegang Yi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziren Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Jianping Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
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Yang Y, Yin B, Lv L, Wang Z, He J, Chen Z, Wen X, Zhang Y, Sun W, Li Y, Zhao Y. Gastroprotective effect of aucubin against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in mice. Life Sci 2017; 189:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Mei N, Ma C, Lou Z, Lv W, He G. Protective effects of polysaccharide from Dendrobium nobile against ethanol-induced gastric damage in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:230-235. [PMID: 28867231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dendrobium nobile is a medicinal herb in traditional China and Southeast Asian countries. Employing a rat model of ethanol-induced gastric ulcer, we examined the protective effect of polysaccharide (JCP) extracted from Dendrobium nobile and explored the related mechanisms. Oral administration with 100mg/kg and 300mg/kg body weight JCP for days can significant prevent the formation of gastric ulcer. Moreover, JCP pretreatment could alleviate ethanol-induced histological damage, antioxidant activities, the level of epidermal growth factor, gastric concentration of prostaglandin E, and regulate the signaling pathways of mitogen-activated protein kinases and matrix metalloproteinases. This study investigated the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer protective effect of JCP for the first time, and elucidated that the protective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Nana Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Chaoyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zaixiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Wenping Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - GuoHua He
- GuoLi Dendrobium nobile Company Limited, ChiShui 564700, PR China
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Liu Z, Xie W, Li M, Teng N, Liang X, Zhang Z, Yang Z, Wang X. Oral Administration of Polaprezinc Attenuates Fluorouracil-induced Intestinal Mucositis in a Mouse Model. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 121:480-486. [PMID: 28667794 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Liu
- Tumor Marker Research Center; National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Wenbo Xie
- Jilin Province Broadwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Changchun China
| | - Mingru Li
- Jilin Province Broadwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Changchun China
| | - Nan Teng
- Jilin Province Broadwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Changchun China
| | - Xiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Ziqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC); The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Tumor Marker Research Center; National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
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Ooi TC, Chan KM, Sharif R. Zinc L-carnosine suppresses inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 murine macrophages cell line via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 39:259-267. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1344987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theng Choon Ooi
- Biomedical Science Programme, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Meng Chan
- Environmental Health and Industrial Safety Programme, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Razinah Sharif
- Programme of Nutritional Sciences, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Choi YJ, Kim N, Lee JY, Nam RH, Seo JH, Lee S, Kim HJ, Choi YJ, Lee HS, Lee DH. Gastroprotective Effects of PMK-S005 against Ethanol-Induced Acute Gastric Damage in Rats. Gut Liver 2017; 10:348-55. [PMID: 26347516 PMCID: PMC4849686 DOI: 10.5009/gnl14509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims This study aimed to examine the gastroprotective effects of PMK-S005, which is a synthetic S-allyl-l-cysteine (SAC; a sulfur-containing amino acid), against acute ethanol-induced gastric damage in rats. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups, including a nonethanol group, groups treated with absolute ethanol 1 hour after pretreatment with various doses of PMK-S005 (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) or rebamipide (50 mg/kg), and an absolute ethanol-only group. Ethanol-induced gross ulcer and mucus levels were measured. Myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, PGE2, LTB4, cPLA2, COX-1, and COX-2 levels were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or Western blot analysis. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of antioxidant enzymes, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1), GCLC, and GCLM, were assessed. Results PMK-S005 significantly attenuated the ethanol-induced gastric damage; it reduced mucosal inflammatory cytokine production and increased mucus levels. The expression levels of cPLA2, COX-1, and COX-2 were decreased by PMK-S005. PMK-S005 did not affect PGE2 synthesis, but LTB4 production was significantly suppressed. In addition, long-term administration of PMK-S005 significantly increased the expression of HO-1, NQO-1, GCLC, and GCLM. Conclusions These results strongly suggest that PMK-S005 prevents gastric mucosal damage and that these gastroprotective activities are due to anti-inflammatory effects and enhancement of the gastric defense system, including antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seonmin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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AL-Wajeeh NS, Hajrezaie M, Al-Henhena N, Kamran S, Bagheri E, Zahedifard M, Saremi K, Noor SM, Ali HM, Abdulla MA. The antiulcer effect of Cibotium barometz leaves in rats with experimentally induced acute gastric ulcer. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:995-1009. [PMID: 28408799 PMCID: PMC5384742 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s107018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cibotium barometz is a pharmaceutical plant customarily used in traditional medicine in Malaysia for the treatment of different diseases, such as gastric ulcer. The gastroprotective effect of C. barometz leaves against ethanol-induced gastric hemorrhagic abrasions in Sprague Dawley rats has been evaluated in terms of medicinal properties. Seven groups of rats (normal control and ulcerated control groups, omeprazole 20 mg/kg, 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of C. barometz correspondingly) were used in antiulcer experiment and pretreated with 10% Tween 20. After 1 hour, the normal group was orally administered 10% Tween 20, whereas absolute alcohol was fed orally to ulcerated control, omeprazole, and experimental groups. Gastric's homogenate were assessed for endogenous enzymes activities. Stomachs were examined macroscopically and histologically. Grossly, the data demonstrated a significant decrease in the ulcer area of rats pretreated with plant extract in a dose-dependent manner with respect to the ulcerated group. Homogenates of the gastric tissue exhibited significantly increased endogenous enzymes activities in rats pretreated with C. barometz extract associated with the ulcerated control group. Histology of rats pretreated with C. barometz extract group using hematoxylin and eosin staining exhibited a moderate-to-mild disruption of the surface epithelium with reduction in submucosal edema and leucocyte infiltration in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, it showed heat shock protein70 protein up-expression and BCL2-associated X protein downexpression. These outcomes might be attributed to the gastroprotective and antioxidative effects of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sareh Kamran
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Elham Bagheri
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Hapipah Mohd Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Sun Q, Li W, Li H, Wang X, Wang Y, Niu X. Preparation, Characterization and Anti-Ulcer Efficacy of Sanguinarine Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. Pharmacology 2017; 100:14-24. [DOI: 10.1159/000454882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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42
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Ooi TC, Chan KM, Sharif R. Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Genomic Stability Enhancement Effects of Zinc l-carnosine: A Potential Cancer Chemopreventive Agent? Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:201-210. [PMID: 28094570 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1265132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide, and the incidence and mortality rates of cancer are expected to rise tremendously in the near future. Despite a better understanding of cancer biology and advancement in cancer management, current strategies in cancer treatment remain costly and ineffective. Hence, instead of putting more efforts to search for new cancer cures, attention has now been shifted to the development of cancer chemopreventive agents as a preventive measure for cancer formation. It is well known that neoplastic transformation of cells is multifactorial, and the occurrence of oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and genomic instability events has been implicated in the carcinogenesis of cells. Zinc l-carnosine (ZnC), which is clinically used as gastric ulcer treatment in Japan, has been suggested to have the potential in preventing cancer development. Multiple studies have revealed that ZnC possesses potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and genomic stability enhancement effects. Thus, this review provides some mechanistic insight into the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and genomic stability enhancement effects of ZnC in relevance to its chemopreventive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theng Choon Ooi
- a Biomedical Science Programme , School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Kok Meng Chan
- b Environmental Health and Industrial Safety Programme , School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Razinah Sharif
- c Programme of Nutritional Sciences , School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Rajamuthy V, Eltayeb NE, Subramaniam R, Rosiyah Y. New anticancer zinc(II) complexes comprising thiosemicarbazones of saturated ring: structure, DNA/protein binding, DNA cleavage, topoisomerase-1 inhibition and anti-proliferation studies. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikneswaran Rajamuthy
- Centre for Ionics University of Malaya, Faculty of Science; University of Malaya; Lembah Pantai 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Naser Eltaher Eltayeb
- Department of Chemistry, Sciences and Arts College - Rabigh; King Abdulaziz University; Rabigh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesh Subramaniam
- Centre for Ionics University of Malaya, Faculty of Science; University of Malaya; Lembah Pantai 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Yahya Rosiyah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Malaya; Lembah Pantai 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Yu C, Mei XT, Zheng YP, Xu DH. Taurine zinc solid dispersions protect against cold-restraint stress-induced gastric ulceration by upregulating HSP70 and exerting an anxiolytic effect. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 762:63-71. [PMID: 26004529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological effects of solid dispersions (SDs) of a taurine zinc complex on gastric ulceration and anxiety were investigated. Pretreatment with taurine zinc (50, 100 or 200mg/kg) SDs dose-dependently protected rat gastric mucosa against cold-restraint stress (CRS)-induced gastric injury, and significantly attenuated increases in gastric mucosal H(+)K(+)-ATPase activity and lipid peroxidation and enhanced SOD activity. Taurine zinc also inhibited CRS-induced elevation of the serum stress hormones adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone and upregulated HSP70 expression in the gastric mucosa. Moreover, taurine zinc (200mg/kg) SDs more potently protected the gastric mucosa from ulceration than the same dose of taurine, which may be attributed to a synergistic effect between taurine and zinc. Behavioral experiments in mice showed that taurine zinc SDs significantly increased the number of entries and time spent on the open arms in the elevated plus-maze test, time spent in the central area and total distance traveled in the open field test, and time spent and number of entries into the light compartment in the light/dark box test, indicative of reduced anxiety-like behaviors. This study demonstrates taurine zinc protected the gastric mucosa against CRS-induced gastric damage by decreasing oxidative stress, promoting endogenous HSP70 expression and attenuating psychological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yu
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue-Ting Mei
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zheng
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dong-Hui Xu
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, China.
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Shi CX. Individualized nursing intervention improves clinical therapeutic efficacy, psychological status and quality of life in patients with gastric ulcer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:5321-5325. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i34.5321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the effect of individualized nursing intervention on clinical therapeutic efficacy, psychological status and quality of life in gastric ulcer patients.
METHODS: Ninety-six patients with chronic gastric ulcer treated from January 2011 to December 2013 at our hospital were randomly divided into either a study group or a control group, with 48 patients in each group. The two groups received routine treatment for gastric ulcer. The control group was given routine nursing, while the study group was given individualized nursing measures. The patients of the two groups were followed for 6 mo after discharge. The clinical curative effect was observed, psychological status was assessed using the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS), and quality of life was assessed using the Nottingham health questionnaire (NHP).
RESULTS: The total effective rate was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (91.7% vs 68.8%, P < 0.01). At 3 and 6 mo after treatment, SAS and SDS scores of the two groups were significantly decreased compared with pretreatment values (53.3 ± 4.8 vs 65.5 ± 4.6, P < 0.05, 41.1 ± 4.2 vs 65.5 ± 4.6, P < 0.01; 58.8 ± 5.2 vs 64.1 ± 4.2, P < 0.05, 53.3 ± 4.8 vs 64.1 ± 4.2, P < 0.01; 52.8 ± 4.4 vs 62.1 ± 4.9, P < 0.05, 40.7 ± 4.2 vs 62.1 ± 4.9, P < 0.01; 58.5 ± 5.5 vs 61.5 ± 4.7, P < 0.05, 55.8 ± 4.7 vs 61.5 ± 4.7, P < 0.01), and the decreases were more significant in the study group (53.3 ± 4.8 vs 58.8 ± 5.2, P < 0.05, 41.1 ± 4.2 vs 53.3 ± 4.8, P < 0.01; 52.8 ± 4.4 vs 58.5 ± 5.5, P < 0.05, 40.7 ± 4.2 vs 55.8 ± 4.7, P < 0.01). At 3 and 6 mo, NHP scores were significantly decreased in the two groups compared with pretreatment values (P < 0.05), and the decreases were more significant in the study group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Individualized nursing intervention can effectively improve clinical efficacy, adverse psychological status, and quality of life in patients with gastric ulcer.
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Amirshahrokhi K, Khalili AR. The effect of thalidomide on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in mice: involvement of inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 225:63-9. [PMID: 25478868 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Excessive ethanol ingestion causes gastric mucosal damage through the inflammatory and oxidative processes. The present study was aimed to evaluate the protective effect of thalidomide on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in mice. The animals were pretreated with vehicle or thalidomide (30 or 60 mg/kg, orally), and one hour later, the gastric mucosal injury was induced by oral administration of acidified ethanol. The animals were euthanized one hour after ethanol ingestion, and gastric tissues were collected to biochemical analyzes. The gastric mucosal lesions were assessed by macroscopic and histopathological examinations. The results showed that treatment of mice with thalidomide prior to the administration of ethanol dose-dependently reduced the gastric ulcer index. Thalidomide pretreatment significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6], malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. In addition, thalidomide significantly inhibited ethanol-induced nitric oxide (NO) overproduction in gastric tissue. Histological observations showed that ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage was attenuated by thalidomide pretreatment. It seems that thalidomide as an anti-inflammatory agent may have a protective effect against alcohol-induced mucosal damage by inhibition of neutrophil infiltration and reducing the production of nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines in gastric tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Amirshahrokhi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Ali-Reza Khalili
- Division of Pathology, Imam Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Protective effects of garlic extract, PMK-S005, against nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced acute gastric damage in rats. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:2927-34. [PMID: 25283375 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PMK-S005 is synthetic s-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC), a sulfur-containing amino acid, which was initially isolated from garlic. The antioxidant and anti-inflammation activities of SAC have been demonstrated in diverse experimental animal models. AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate the gastroprotective effects of PMK-S005 against NSAIDs-induced acute gastric damage in rats. METHODS Eight-week SD rats were pretreated with PMK-S005 (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg) or rebamipide (50 mg/kg) 1 h before administration of NSAIDs including aspirin (200 mg/kg), diclofenac (80 mg/kg), and indomethacin (40 mg/kg). After 4 h, the gross ulcer index, histological index, and gastric mucus level were determined. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-α, IL-1β, PGE2, and LTB4 levels were estimated in the gastric mucosal tissue by ELISA. Protein expressions of cPLA2, COX-1, and COX-2 were assessed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Pretreatment with PMK-S005 significantly attenuated the NSAIDs-induced gastric damage and increased the gastric mucus level. In addition, PMK-S005 attenuated increases in MPO, TNF-α, and IL-1β production. The expressions of cPLA2 and COX-2 induced by NSAIDs were decreased by PMK-S005 pretreatment. PMK-S005 did not cause suppression of PGE2 synthesis induced by NSAIDs, but LTB4 production was significantly suppressed by PMK-S005. The effects of PMK-S005 were consistently maximized at a concentration of 5 mg/kg, which were frequently superior to those of rebamipide. CONCLUSIONS These results strongly suggest that PMK-S005 can be a useful gastroprotective agent against acute gastric mucosal damage by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines, down-regulating cPLA2, COX-2 and LTB4 expression, and increasing the synthesis of mucus.
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Intravesical Application of Rebamipide Promotes Urothelial Healing in a Rat Cystitis Model. J Urol 2014; 192:1864-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Yu C, Mei XT, Zheng YP, Xu DH. Gastroprotective effect of taurine zinc solid dispersions against absolute ethanol-induced gastric lesions is mediated by enhancement of antioxidant activity and endogenous PGE2 production and attenuation of NO production. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 740:329-36. [PMID: 25041839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Zinc plays a key role in maintaining gastric mucosal integrity, while alcohol dependency can lead to low zinc status. Complexes containing zinc have been reported to have better ability to protect gastric mucosa than the compounds alone. In this study, taurine zinc [Zn(NH3CH2CH2SO3)2] solid dispersions (SDs) were synthesized and investigated in an ethanol-induced ulcer model in rats. Gastric ulcer index; gastric mucosa malondialdehyde (MDA) level, glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production; and serum nitric oxide (NO) were assessed and histological analysis of the gastric mucosa tissue was performed. Taurine zinc (100, 200 mg/kg) SDs protected rat gastric mucosa from ethanol-induced injury. Moreover, the gastroprotective effect of taurine zinc SDs was accompanied by a decrease in serum NO and significant increase in gastric prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). When indomethacin, a non-selective COX inhibitor was administered before the last dose of taurine zinc, the gastroprotective effect of taurine zinc was weakened. Furthermore, taurine zinc (200 mg/kg) SDs protected against ulceration more significantly than the same dose of taurine alone, suggesting a synergistic effect between taurine and zinc. These results indicate taurine zinc protects the gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced damage by elevating antioxidants, decreasing lipid peroxidation and inhibiting the production of nitric oxide. The gastroprotective effect of taurine zinc was also partially mediated by endogenous PGE2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yu
- Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue-Ting Mei
- Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zheng
- Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dong-Hui Xu
- Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, China.
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Arakaki R, Eguchi H, Yamada A, Kudo Y, Iwasa A, Enkhmaa T, Hotta F, Mitamura-Aizawa S, Mitamura Y, Hayashi Y, Ishimaru N. Anti-inflammatory effects of rebamipide eyedrop administration on ocular lesions in a murine model of primary Sjögren's syndrome. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98390. [PMID: 24866156 PMCID: PMC4035282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical therapy is effective for dry eye, and its prolonged effects should help in maintaining the quality of life of patients with dry eye. We previously reported that the oral administration of rebamipide (Reb), a mucosal protective agent, had a potent therapeutic effect on autoimmune lesions in a murine model of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). However, the effects of topical treatment with Reb eyedrops on the ocular lesions in the murine model of SS are unknown. METHODS AND FINDING Reb eyedrops were administered to the murine model of SS aged 4-8 weeks four times daily. Inflammatory lesions of the extraorbital and intraorbital lacrimal glands and Harderian gland tissues were histologically evaluated. The direct effects of Reb on the lacrimal glands were analyzed using cultured lacrimal gland cells. Tear secretions of Reb-treated mice were significantly increased compared with those of untreated mice. In addition to the therapeutic effect of Reb treatment on keratoconjunctivitis, severe inflammatory lesions of intraorbital lacrimal gland tissues in this model of SS were resolved. The mRNA expression levels of IL-10 and mucin 5Ac in conjunctival tissues from Reb-treated mice was significantly increased compared with those of control mice. Moreover, lactoferrin production from lacrimal gland cells was restored by Reb treatment. CONCLUSION Topical Reb administration had an anti-inflammatory effect on the ocular autoimmune lesions in the murine model of SS and a protective effect on the ocular surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Arakaki
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Eguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamada
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akihiko Iwasa
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tserennadmid Enkhmaa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Fumika Hotta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sayaka Mitamura-Aizawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Mitamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayashi
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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