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Li H, Liuha X, Chen R, Xiao Y, Xu W, Zhou Y, Bai L, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Wang L, Qin F, Chen Y, Han S, Wei Q, Li S, Zhang D, Bu Q, Wang X, Jiang L, Dai Y, Zhang N, Kuang W, Qin M, Wang H, Tian J, Zhao Y, Cen X. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1 subunit α crotonylation modulates cocaine-associated memory through hippocampal neuron activation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114529. [PMID: 39046876 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal activation is required for the formation of drug-associated memory, which is critical for the development, persistence, and relapse of drug addiction. Nevertheless, the metabolic mechanisms underlying energy production for neuronal activation remain poorly understood. In the study, a large-scale proteomics analysis of lysine crotonylation (Kcr), a type of protein posttranslational modification (PTM), reveals that cocaine promoted protein Kcr in the hippocampal dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG). We find that Kcr is predominantly discovered in a few enzymes critical for mitochondrial energy metabolism; in particular, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex E1 subunit α (PDHA1) is crotonylated at the lysine 39 (K39) residue through P300 catalysis. Crotonylated PDHA1 promotes pyruvate metabolism by activating PDH to increase ATP production, thus providing energy for hippocampal neuronal activation and promoting cocaine-associated memory recall. Our findings identify Kcr of PDHA1 as a PTM that promotes pyruvate metabolism to enhance neuronal activity for cocaine-associated memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchun Li
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liuha
- Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuzhou Xiao
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuanyi Zhou
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Bai
- Histology and Imaging Platform, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Histology and Imaging Platform, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Feng Qin
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaxing Chen
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuang Han
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingfan Wei
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shu Li
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dingwen Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Bu
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linhong Jiang
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanping Dai
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Qin
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jingwei Tian
- Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- Mental Health Center and Center for Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Chu C, Liu S, Nie L, Hu H, Liu Y, Yang J. The interactions and biological pathways among metabolomics products of patients with coronary heart disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116305. [PMID: 38422653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Through bioinformatics analysis, this study explores the interactions and biological pathways involving metabolomic products in patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS A comprehensive search for relevant studies focusing on metabolomics analysis in CHD patients was conducted across databases including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Nature, Web of Science, Springer, and Science Direct. Metabolites reported in the literature underwent statistical analysis and summarization, with the identification of differential metabolites. The pathways associated with these metabolites were examined using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Molecular annotation of metabolites and their relationships with enzymes or transporters were elucidated through analysis with the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB). Visual representation of the properties related to these metabolites was achieved using Metabolomics Pathway Analysis (metPA). RESULTS A total of 13 literatures satisfying the criteria for enrollment were included. A total of 91 metabolites related to CHD were preliminarily screened, and 87 effective metabolites were obtained after the unrecognized metabolites were excluded. A total of 45 pathways were involved. Through the topology analysis (TPA) of pathways, their influence values were calculated, and 13 major metabolic pathways were selected. The pathways such as Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, Citrate cycle (TCA cycle), Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism primarily involved the regulation of processes and metabolites related to inflammation, oxidative stress, one-carbon metabolism, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, immune regulation, and nitric oxide expression. CONCLUSION Multiple pathways, including Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, Citrate cycle (TCA cycle), Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, were involved in the occurrence of CHD. The occurrence of CHD is primarily associated with the regulation of processes and metabolites related to inflammation, oxidative stress, one-carbon metabolism, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, immune regulation, and nitric oxide expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Shengquan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Liangui Nie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Hongming Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China.
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Plokhikh KS, Nesterov SV, Chesnokov YM, Rogov AG, Kamyshinsky RA, Vasiliev AL, Yaguzhinsky LS, Vasilov RG. Association of 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes with respirasomes in mitochondria. FEBS J 2024; 291:132-141. [PMID: 37789611 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, cryo-electron tomography was used to investigate the localization of 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes (OADCs) in cardiac mitochondria and mitochondrial inner membrane samples. Two classes of ordered OADC inner cores with different symmetries were distinguished and their quaternary structures modeled. One class corresponds to pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes and the other to dehydrogenase complexes of α-ketoglutarate and branched-chain α-ketoacids. OADCs were shown to be localized in close proximity to membrane-embedded respirasomes, as observed both in densely packed lamellar cristae of cardiac mitochondria and in ruptured mitochondrial samples where the dense packing is absent. This suggests the specificity of the OADC-respirasome interaction, which allows localized NADH/NAD+ exchange between OADCs and complex I of the respiratory chain. The importance of this local coupling is based on OADCs being the link between respiration, glycolysis and amino acid metabolism. The coupling of these basic metabolic processes can vary in different tissues and conditions and may be involved in the development of various pathologies. The present study shows that this important and previously missing parameter of mitochondrial complex coupling can be successfully assessed using cryo-electron tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin S Plokhikh
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Semen V Nesterov
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Yuriy M Chesnokov
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton G Rogov
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A Kamyshinsky
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr L Vasiliev
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Lev S Yaguzhinsky
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Belozersky Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | - Raif G Vasilov
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
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Olou AA, Ambrose J, Jack JL, Walsh M, Ruckert MT, Eades AE, Bye BA, Dandawate P, VanSaun MN. SHP2 regulates adipose maintenance and adipocyte-pancreatic cancer cell crosstalk via PDHA1. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:575-590. [PMID: 36074246 PMCID: PMC10409927 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are the most abundant cell type in the adipose tissue, and their dysfunction is a significant driver of obesity-related pathologies, such as cancer. The mechanisms that (1) drive the maintenance and secretory activity of adipocytes and (2) mediate the cancer cellular response to the adipocyte-derived factors are not fully understood. To address that gap of knowledge, we investigated how alterations in Src homology region 2-containing protein (SHP2) activity affect adipocyte function and tumor crosstalk. We found that phospho-SHP2 levels are elevated in adipose tissue of obese mice, obese patients, and differentiating adipocytes. Immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analyses as well as in-silico protein-protein interaction modeling demonstrated that SHP2 associates with PDHA1, and that a positive association promotes a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-driven adipogenic program. Accordingly, this SHP2-PDHA1-ROS regulatory axis was crucial for adipocyte maintenance and secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a key cancer-promoting cytokine. Mature adipocytes treated with an inhibitor for SHP2, PDHA1, or ROS exhibited an increased level of pro-lipolytic and thermogenic proteins, corresponding to an increased glycerol release, but a suppression of secreted IL-6. A functional analysis of adipocyte-cancer cell crosstalk demonstrated a decreased migration, invasion, and a slight suppression of cell cycling, corresponding to a reduced growth of pancreatic cancer cells exposed to conditioned media (CM) from mature adipocytes previously treated with inhibitors for SHP2/PDHA1/ROS. Importantly, PDAC cell growth stimulation in response to adipocyte CM correlated with PDHA1 induction but was suppressed by a PDHA1 inhibitor. The data point to a novel role for (1) SHP2-PDHA1-ROS in adipocyte maintenance and secretory activity and (2) PDHA1 as a regulator of the pancreatic cancer cells response to adipocyte-derived factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Appolinaire A Olou
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| | - Joe Ambrose
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Jarrid L Jack
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - McKinnon Walsh
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Mariana T Ruckert
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Austin E Eades
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Bailey A Bye
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Prasad Dandawate
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Michael N VanSaun
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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Wu Q, Tian R, Tan H, Liu J, Ou C, Li Y, Fu X. A comprehensive analysis focusing on cuproptosis to investigate its clinical and biological relevance in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma and its potential in indicating prognosis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1048356. [PMID: 36567939 PMCID: PMC9767979 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1048356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cuproptosis, a novel copper-dependent cell death involving mitochondrial respiration, is distinct from other known death mechanisms, which inspires us to study further in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC). Herein, leveraging comprehensive data from TCGA-UCEC, we conducted transcriptional and genetic analyses of 13 recently identified cuproptosis genes. We discovered severe genetic instability of cuproptosis genes, extensive positive correlations among those genes with each other at the mRNA level, and their involvement in oncogenic pathways in UCEC samples. Next, WGCNA was performed to identify a potential module regulating cuproptosis, in which the hub genes, in addition to 13 cuproptosis genes, were drawn to construct a scoring system termed Cu. Score. Furthermore, its clinical and biological relevance and tumor immune landscape, genetic alterations, as well as predicted sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs in different Cu. Score subgroups had been discussed extensively and in detail. Additionally, univariate Cox and LASSO regression were performed to identify 13 cuproptosis-related prognostic genes to establish a prognostic signature, the Risk. Score. Integrating the Risk. Score and clinical parameters, we established a nomogram with excellent performance to predict the 1-/3-/5-year survival probabilities of UCEC patients. To conclude, we conducted a comprehensive analysis encompassing cuproptosis and developed a cuproptosis scoring system and a prognostic prediction model for UCEC, which may offer help with individualized assessment and treatment for UCEC patients from the perspective of a novel death mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Ruotong Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Tan
- Department of Pathology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunlin Ou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China,Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Chunlin Ou, ; Yimin Li, ; Xiaodan Fu,
| | - Yimin Li
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Chunlin Ou, ; Yimin Li, ; Xiaodan Fu,
| | - Xiaodan Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China,Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Chunlin Ou, ; Yimin Li, ; Xiaodan Fu,
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6
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Peixoto B, Baena-González E. Management of plant central metabolism by SnRK1 protein kinases. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7068-7082. [PMID: 35708960 PMCID: PMC9664233 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING1 (SNF1)-RELATED KINASE 1 (SnRK1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase with key roles in plant stress responses. SnRK1 is activated when energy levels decline during stress, reconfiguring metabolism and gene expression to favour catabolism over anabolism, and ultimately to restore energy balance and homeostasis. The capacity to efficiently redistribute resources is crucial to cope with adverse environmental conditions and, accordingly, genetic manipulations that increase SnRK1 activity are generally associated with enhanced tolerance to stress. In addition to its well-established function in stress responses, an increasing number of studies implicate SnRK1 in the homeostatic control of metabolism during the regular day-night cycle and in different organs and developmental stages. Here, we review how the genetic manipulation of SnRK1 alters central metabolism in several plant species and tissue types. We complement this with studies that provide mechanistic insight into how SnRK1 modulates metabolism, identifying changes in transcripts of metabolic components, altered enzyme activities, or direct regulation of enzymes or transcription factors by SnRK1 via phosphorylation. We identify patterns of response that centre on the maintenance of sucrose levels, in an analogous manner to the role described for its mammalian orthologue in the control of blood glucose homeostasis. Finally, we highlight several knowledge gaps and technical limitations that will have to be addressed in future research aiming to fully understand how SnRK1 modulates metabolism at the cellular and whole-plant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Peixoto
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal and GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Oeiras, Portugal
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Lee SH, Choi BY, Kho AR, Hong DK, Kang BS, Park MK, Lee SH, Choi HC, Song HK, Suh SW. Combined Treatment of Dichloroacetic Acid and Pyruvate Increased Neuronal Survival after Seizure. Nutrients 2022; 14:4804. [PMID: 36432491 PMCID: PMC9698956 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During seizure activity, glucose and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels are significantly decreased in the brain, which is a contributing factor to seizure-induced neuronal death. Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) has been shown to prevent cell death. DCA is also known to be involved in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production by activating pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), a gatekeeper of glucose oxidation, as a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor. To confirm these findings, in this study, rats were given a per oral (P.O.) injection of DCA (100 mg/kg) with pyruvate (50 mg/kg) once per day for 1 week starting 2 h after the onset of seizures induced by pilocarpine administration. Neuronal death and oxidative stress were assessed 1 week after seizure to determine if the combined treatment of pyruvate and DCA increased neuronal survival and reduced oxidative damage in the hippocampus. We found that the combined treatment of pyruvate and DCA showed protective effects against seizure-associated hippocampal neuronal cell death compared to the vehicle-treated group. Treatment with combined pyruvate and DCA after seizure may have a therapeutic effect by increasing the proportion of pyruvate converted to ATP. Thus, the current research demonstrates that the combined treatment of pyruvate and DCA may have therapeutic potential in seizure-induced neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hee Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Bo Young Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Institute of Sports Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - A Ra Kho
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dae Ki Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Min Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Si Hyun Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hui Chul Choi
- College of Medicine, Neurology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hong Ki Song
- College of Medicine, Neurology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Sang Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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8
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Hsu CC, Peng D, Cai Z, Lin HK. AMPK signaling and its targeting in cancer progression and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:52-68. [PMID: 33862221 PMCID: PMC9768867 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic mechanisms sensing the imbalance of energy in cells are pivotal for cell survival under various environmental insults. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) serves as a central guardian maintaining energy homeostasis by orchestrating diverse cellular processes, such as lipogenesis, glycolysis, TCA cycle, cell cycle progression and mitochondrial dynamics. Given that AMPK plays an essential role in the maintenance of energy balance and metabolism, managing AMPK activation is considered as a promising strategy for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Since AMPK has been attributed to aberrant activation of metabolic pathways, mitochondrial dynamics and functions, and epigenetic regulation, which are hallmarks of cancer, targeting AMPK may open up a new avenue for cancer therapies. Although AMPK is previously thought to be involved in tumor suppression, several recent studies have unraveled its tumor promoting activity. The double-edged sword characteristics for AMPK as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene are determined by distinct cellular contexts. In this review, we will summarize recent progress in dissecting the upstream regulators and downstream effectors for AMPK, discuss the distinct roles of AMPK in cancer regulation and finally offer potential strategies with AMPK targeting in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Danni Peng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Zhen Cai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
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Prajapati S, Rabe von Pappenheim F, Tittmann K. Frontiers in the enzymology of thiamin diphosphate-dependent enzymes. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 76:102441. [PMID: 35988322 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes that use thiamin diphosphate (ThDP), the biologically active derivative of vitamin B1, as a cofactor play important roles in cellular metabolism in all domains of life. The analysis of ThDP enzymes in the past decades have provided a general framework for our understanding of enzyme catalysis of this protein family. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in the field that include the observation of "unusual" reactions and reaction intermediates that highlight the chemical versatility of the thiamin cofactor. Further topics cover the structural basis of cooperativity of ThDP enzymes, novel insights into the mechanism and structure of selected enzymes, and the discovery of "superassemblies" as reported, for example, acetohydroxy acid synthase. Finally, we summarize recent findings in the structural organisation and mode of action of 2-keto acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes and discuss future directions of this exciting research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Prajapati
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Fabian Rabe von Pappenheim
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Kai Tittmann
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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10
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Wang J, Huang CLH, Zhang Y. Complement C1q Binding Protein (C1QBP): Physiological Functions, Mutation-Associated Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy and Current Disease Models. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:843853. [PMID: 35310974 PMCID: PMC8924301 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.843853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement C1q binding protein (C1QBP, p32) is primarily localized in mitochondrial matrix and associated with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylative function. C1QBP deficiency presents as a mitochondrial disorder involving multiple organ systems. Recently, disease associated C1QBP mutations have been identified in patients with a combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency taking an autosomal recessive inherited pattern. The clinical spectrum ranges from intrauterine growth restriction to childhood (cardio) myopathy and late-onset progressive external ophthalmoplegia. This review summarizes the physiological functions of C1QBP, its mutation-associated mitochondrial cardiomyopathy shown in the reported available patients and current experimental disease platforms modeling these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- National Regional Children's Medical Center (Northwest), Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Yanmin Zhang
- National Regional Children's Medical Center (Northwest), Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cardiology of Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Yanmin Zhang
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11
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Ma J, Malloy CR, Pena S, Harrison CE, Ratnakar J, Zaha VG, Park JM. Dual-phase imaging of cardiac metabolism using hyperpolarized pyruvate. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:302-311. [PMID: 34617626 PMCID: PMC8616832 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous cardiac imaging studies using hyperpolarized (HP) [1-13 C]pyruvate were acquired at end-diastole (ED). Little is known about the interaction between cardiac cycle and metabolite content in the myocardium. In this study, we compared images of HP pyruvate and products at end-systole (ES) and ED. METHODS A dual-phase 13 C MRI sequence was implemented to acquire two sequential HP images within a single cardiac cycle at ES and ED during successive R-R intervals in an interleaved manner. Each healthy volunteer (N = 3) received two injections of HP [1-13 C]pyruvate for the dual-phase imaging on the short-axis and the vertical long-axis planes. Spatial distribution of HP 13 C metabolites at each cardiac phase was correlated to multiphase 1 H MRI to confirm the mechanical changes. Ratios of myocardial HP metabolites were compared between ES and ED. Segmental analysis was performed on the midcavity short-axis plane. RESULTS In addition to mechanical changes, metabolic profiles of the heart detected by HP [1-13 C]pyruvate differed between ES and ED. The myocardial signal of [13 C]bicarbonate relative to [1-13 C]lactate was significantly smaller at ED than the ratio at ES (p < .05), particularly in mid-anterior and mid-inferoseptal segments. The distinct metabolic profiles in the myocardium likely reflect the technical aspects of the imaging approach such as the coronary flow in addition to the cyclical changes in metabolism. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that metabolic profiles of the heart, measured by HP [1-13 C]pyruvate, are affected by the cardiac cycle in which that the data are acquired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Ma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX USA 75390
| | - Craig R. Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX USA 75390,Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX USA 75390,Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX USA 75390
| | - Salvador Pena
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX USA 75390
| | - Crystal E. Harrison
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX USA 75390
| | - James Ratnakar
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX USA 75390
| | - Vlad G. Zaha
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX USA 75390,Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX USA 75390
| | - Jae Mo Park
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX USA 75390,Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX USA 75390,Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX USA 75080
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12
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Hsp22 Deficiency Induces Age-Dependent Cardiac Dilation and Dysfunction by Impairing Autophagy, Metabolism, and Oxidative Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101550. [PMID: 34679684 PMCID: PMC8533440 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 22 (Hsp22) is a small heat shock protein predominantly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Previous studies indicate that Hsp22 plays a vital role in protecting the heart against cardiac stress. However, the essential role of Hsp22 in the heart under physiological conditions remains largely unknown. In this study, we used an Hsp22 knockout (KO) mouse model to determine whether loss of Hsp22 impairs cardiac growth and function with increasing age under physiological conditions. Cardiac structural and functional alterations at baseline were measured using echocardiography and invasive catheterization in Hsp22 KO mice during aging transition compared to their age-matched wild-type (WT) littermates. Our results showed that Hsp22 deletion induced progressive cardiac dilation along with declined function during the aging transition. Mechanistically, the loss of Hsp22 impaired BCL-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) expression and its associated cardiac autophagy, undermined cardiac energy metabolism homeostasis and increased oxidative damage. This study showed that Hsp22 played an essential role in the non-stressed heart during the early stage of aging, which may bring new insight into understanding the pathogenesis of age-related dilated cardiomyopathy.
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13
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Inoue J, Kishikawa M, Tsuda H, Nakajima Y, Asakage T, Inazawa J. Identification of PDHX as a metabolic target for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2792-2802. [PMID: 33964039 PMCID: PMC8253269 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism in tumors is reprogrammed to meet its energetic and substrate demands. However, this metabolic reprogramming creates metabolic vulnerabilities, providing new opportunities for cancer therapy. Metabolic vulnerability as a therapeutic target in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been adequately clarified. Here, we identified pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) component X (PDHX) as a metabolically essential gene for the cell growth of ESCC. PDHX expression was required for the maintenance of PDH activity and the production of ATP, and its knockdown inhibited the proliferation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and in vivo tumor growth. PDHX was concurrently upregulated with the CD44 gene, a marker of CSCs, by co-amplification at 11p13 in ESCC tumors and these genes coordinately functioned in cancer stemness. Furthermore, CPI-613, a PDH inhibitor, inhibited the proliferation of CSCs in vitro and the growth of ESCC xenograft tumors in vivo. Thus, our study provides new insights related to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for ESCC by targeting the PDH complex-associated metabolic vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Inoue
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kishikawa
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsuda
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Nakajima
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Asakage
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Johji Inazawa
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Bioresource Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Angebault C, Panel M, Lacôte M, Rieusset J, Lacampagne A, Fauconnier J. Metformin Reverses the Enhanced Myocardial SR/ER-Mitochondria Interaction and Impaired Complex I-Driven Respiration in Dystrophin-Deficient Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:609493. [PMID: 33569379 PMCID: PMC7868535 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.609493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides skeletal muscle dysfunction, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) exhibits a progressive cardiomyopathy characterized by an impaired calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and a mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we aimed to determine whether sarco-endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER)–mitochondria interactions and mitochondrial function were impaired in dystrophic heart at the early stage of the pathology. For this purpose, ventricular cardiomyocytes and mitochondria were isolated from 3-month-old dystrophin-deficient mice (mdx mice). The number of contacts points between the SR/ER Ca2+ release channels (IP3R1) and the porine of the outer membrane of the mitochondria, VDAC1, measured using in situ proximity ligation assay, was greater in mdx cardiomyocytes. Expression levels of IP3R1 as well as the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and its regulated subunit, MICU1, were also increased in mdx heart. MICU2 expression was however unchanged. Furthermore, the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake kinetics and the mitochondrial Ca2+ content were significantly increased. Meanwhile, the Ca2+-dependent pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphorylation was reduced, and its activity significantly increased. In Ca2+-free conditions, pyruvate-driven complex I respiration was decreased whereas in the presence of Ca2+, complex I-mediated respiration was boosted. Further, impaired complex I-mediated respiration was independent of its intrinsic activity or expression, which remains unchanged but is accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Finally, mdx mice were treated with the complex I modulator metformin for 1 month. Metformin normalized the SR/ER-mitochondria interaction, decreased MICU1 expression and mitochondrial Ca2+ content, and enhanced complex I-driven respiration. In summary, before any sign of dilated cardiomyopathy, the DMD heart displays an aberrant SR/ER-mitochondria coupling with an increase mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and a complex I dysfunction. Such remodeling could be reversed by metformin providing a novel therapeutic perspective in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Angebault
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Panel
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathilde Lacôte
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alain Lacampagne
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérémy Fauconnier
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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15
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Hoang G, Nguyen K, Le A. Metabolic Intersection of Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases: Opportunities for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:249-263. [PMID: 34014548 PMCID: PMC9703259 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to data from the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases and cancer are the two leading causes of mortality in the world [1]. Despite the immense effort to study these diseases and the constant innovation in treatment modalities, the number of deaths associated with cardiovascular diseases and cancer is predicted to increase in the coming decades [1]. From 2008 to 2030, due to population growth and population aging in many parts of the world, the number of deaths caused by cancer globally is projected to increase by 45%, corresponding to an annual increase of around four million people [1]. For cardiovascular diseases, this number is six million people [1]. In the United States, treatments for these two diseases are among the most costly and result in a disproportionate impact on low- and middleincome people. As the fight against these fatal diseases continues, it is crucial that we continue our investigation and broaden our understanding of cancer and cardiovascular diseases to innovate our prognostic and treatment approaches. Even though cardiovascular diseases and cancer are usually studied independently [2-12], there are some striking overlaps between their metabolic behaviors and therapeutic targets, suggesting the potential application of cardiovascular disease treatments for cancer therapy. More specifically, both cancer and many cardiovascular diseases have an upregulated glutaminolysis pathway, resulting in low glutamine and high glutamate circulating levels. Similar treatment modalities, such as glutaminase (GLS) inhibition and glutamine supplementation, have been identified to target glutamine metabolism in both cancer and some cardiovascular diseases. Studies have also found similarities in lipid metabolism, specifically fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and synthesis. Pharmacological inhibition of FAO and fatty acid synthesis have proven effective against many cancer types as well as specific cardiovascular conditions. Many of these treatments have been tested in clinical trials, and some have been medically prescribed to patients to treat certain diseases, such as angina pectoris [13, 14]. Other metabolic pathways, such as tryptophan catabolism and pyruvate metabolism, were also dysregulated in both diseases, making them promising treatment targets. Understanding the overlapping traits exhibited by both cancer metabolism and cardiovascular disease metabolism can give us a more holistic view of how important metabolic dysregulation is in the progression of diseases. Using established links between these illnesses, researchers can take advantage of the discoveries from one field and potentially apply them to the other. In this chapter, we highlight some promising therapeutic discoveries that can support our fight against cancer, based on common metabolic traits displayed in both cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Hoang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kiet Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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16
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Cai Z, Li CF, Han F, Liu C, Zhang A, Hsu CC, Peng D, Zhang X, Jin G, Rezaeian AH, Wang G, Zhang W, Pan BS, Wang CY, Wang YH, Wu SY, Yang SC, Hsu FC, D'Agostino RB, Furdui CM, Kucera GL, Parks JS, Chilton FH, Huang CY, Tsai FJ, Pasche B, Watabe K, Lin HK. Phosphorylation of PDHA by AMPK Drives TCA Cycle to Promote Cancer Metastasis. Mol Cell 2020; 80:263-278.e7. [PMID: 33022274 PMCID: PMC7534735 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis accounts for the major cause of cancer-related deaths. How disseminated cancer cells cope with hostile microenvironments in secondary site for full-blown metastasis is largely unknown. Here, we show that AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), activated in mouse metastasis models, drives pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) activation to maintain TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) and promotes cancer metastasis by adapting cancer cells to metabolic and oxidative stresses. This AMPK-PDHc axis is activated in advanced breast cancer and predicts poor metastasis-free survival. Mechanistically, AMPK localizes in the mitochondrial matrix and phosphorylates the catalytic alpha subunit of PDHc (PDHA) on two residues S295 and S314, which activates the enzymatic activity of PDHc and alleviates an inhibitory phosphorylation by PDHKs, respectively. Importantly, these phosphorylation events mediate PDHc function in cancer metastasis. Our study reveals that AMPK-mediated PDHA phosphorylation drives PDHc activation and TCA cycle to empower cancer cells adaptation to metastatic microenvironments for metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan; National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan; Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chunfang Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anmei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Danni Peng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guoxiang Jin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Abdol-Hossein Rezaeian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guihua Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Weina Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Bo-Syong Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chi-Yun Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; International PhD Program in Innovative Technology of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Device, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Shih-Ying Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Shun-Chin Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Christina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Gregory L Kucera
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John S Parks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Floyd H Chilton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Boris Pasche
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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17
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Functional Redox Proteomics Reveal That Salvia miltiorrhiza Aqueous Extract Alleviates Adriamycin-Induced Cardiomyopathy via Inhibiting ROS-Dependent Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5136934. [PMID: 32963697 PMCID: PMC7501560 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5136934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer agent adriamycin (ADR) has long been recognized to induce a dose-limiting cardiotoxicity, while Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) is a Chinese herb widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders and its aqueous extract (SMAE) has shown anticancer as well as antioxidant effects. In the current study, we aimed at investigating the synergistic effect and potent molecular mechanisms of SMAE with a focus on the cardioprotective benefit observed under ADR adoption. Histopathological analysis indicated that SMAE could substantially alleviate cardiomyopathy and cell apoptosis caused by ADR. Meanwhile, the two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) oxyblots demonstrated that SMAE treatment could effectively reduce carbonylation of specific proteins associated with oxidative stress response and various metabolic pathways in the presence of ADR. SMAE application also showed protective efficacy against ADR-mediated H9c2 cell death in a dose-dependent manner without causing any cytotoxicity and significantly attenuated the reactive oxygen species production. Particularly, the simultaneous administration of ADR and SMAE could remarkably suppress the growth of breast cancer cells. We also noticed that there was a marked upregulation of detoxifying enzyme system in the presence of SMAE, and its exposure also contributed to an increase in Nrf2 and HO-1 content as well. SMAE also amended the ERK/p53/Bcl-xL/caspase-3 signaling pathways and the mitochondrial dysfunction, which eventually attribute to apoptotic cathepsin B/AIF cascades. Correspondingly, both the ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) and pan-caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) could at least partially abolish the ADR-associated cytotoxicity in H9c2 cells. Collectively, these results support that ROS apoptosis-inducing molecule release is closely involved in ADR-induced cardiotoxicity while SMAE could prevent or mitigate the causative cardiomyopathy through controlling multiple targets without compromising the efficacy of chemotherapy.
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18
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Kratochvil MJ, Balerud NK, Schindler SJ, Moxley MA. Evidence of a preferred kinetic pathway in the carnitine acetyltransferase reaction. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 691:108507. [PMID: 32710884 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to carnitine. CrAT knockout studies have shown that this enzyme is critical to sustain metabolic flexibility, or the ability to switch between different fuel types, an underlying theme of the metabolic syndrome. These recent physiological findings imply that CrAT dysfunction, or its catalytic impairment, may lead to disease. To gain insight into the CrAT kinetic mechanism, we conducted stopped-flow experiments in various enzyme substrate/product conditions and analyzed full progress curves by global fitting. Simultaneous mixing of both substrates with CrAT produced relatively fast kinetics that follows an ordered bi bi mechanism. A great preference for ordered binding is supported by stopped-flow double mixing experiments such that premixed CrAT with acetyl-CoA or CoA demonstrated a biphasic decrease in initial rate that produces about a 100-fold attenuation in catalysis. Double mixing experiments also revealed that the CrAT initial rate is inhibited by 50% in approximately 8 s by either acetyl-CoA or CoA premixing. Analysis of available CrAT structures support a substrate conformational change between acetyl-CoA/CoA binary versus ternary complexes. Additional viscosity-based kinetic experiments yielded strong evidence that product release is the rate limiting step in the CrAT-catalyzed reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Kratochvil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 68849, USA
| | - Nick K Balerud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 68849, USA
| | - Samantha J Schindler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 68849, USA
| | - Michael A Moxley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 68849, USA.
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19
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Mao L, Zuo ML, Wang AP, Tian Y, Dong LC, Li TM, Kuang DB, Song GL, Yang ZB. Low expression of miR‑532‑3p contributes to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion oxidative stress injury by directly targeting NOX2. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2415-2423. [PMID: 32705253 PMCID: PMC7411405 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) is a major subtype of NOX and is responsible for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in brain tissues. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are important epigenetic regulators of NOX2. The present study aimed to identify the role of NOX2 miRNA-targets in ischemic stroke (IS). A rat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury model and a SH-SY5Y cell hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model were used to simulate IS. Gene expression levels, ROS production and apoptosis in tissue or cells were determined, and bioinformatic analysis was conducted for target prediction of miRNA. In vitro experiments, including function-gain and luciferase activity assays, were also performed to assess the roles of miRNAs. The results indicated that NOX2 was significantly increased in brain tissues subjected to I/R and in SH-SY5Y cells subjected to H/R, while the expression of miR-532-3p (putative target of NOX2) was significantly decreased in brain tissues and plasma. Overexpression of miR-532-3p significantly suppressed NOX2 expression and ROS generation in SH-SY5Y cells subjected to H/R, as well as reduced the relative luciferase activity of cells transfected with a reporter gene plasmid. Collectively, these data indicated that miR-532-3p may be a target of NOX2 and a biomarker for CI/R injury. Thus, the present study may provide a novel target for drug development and IS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mao
- Office of Good Clinical Practice, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan, Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Zuo
- Office of Good Clinical Practice, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan, Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Ping Wang
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tian
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Li-Chen Dong
- Office of Good Clinical Practice, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan, Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Tao-Ming Li
- Office of Good Clinical Practice, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan, Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Da-Bin Kuang
- Office of Good Clinical Practice, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan, Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Lin Song
- Office of Good Clinical Practice, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan, Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Bao Yang
- Office of Good Clinical Practice, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan, Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
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20
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Szeiffova Bacova B, Viczenczova C, Andelova K, Sykora M, Chaudagar K, Barancik M, Adamcova M, Knezl V, Egan Benova T, Weismann P, Slezak J, Tribulova N. Antiarrhythmic Effects of Melatonin and Omega-3 Are Linked with Protection of Myocardial Cx43 Topology and Suppression of Fibrosis in Catecholamine Stressed Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060546. [PMID: 32580481 PMCID: PMC7346184 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac β-adrenergic overstimulation results in oxidative stress, hypertrophy, ischemia, lesion, and fibrosis rendering the heart vulnerable to malignant arrhythmias. We aimed to explore the anti-arrhythmic efficacy of the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory compounds, melatonin, and omega-3, and their mechanisms of actions in normotensive and hypertensive rats exposed to isoproterenol (ISO) induced β-adrenergic overdrive. Eight-month-old, male SHR, and Wistar rats were injected during 7 days with ISO (cumulative dose, 118 mg/kg). ISO rats were either untreated or concomitantly treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg/day) or omega-3 (Omacor, 1.68 g/kg/day) until 60 days of ISO withdrawal and compared to non-ISO controls. Findings showed that both melatonin and omega-3 increased threshold current to induce ventricular fibrillation (VF) in ISO rats regardless of the strain. Prolonged treatment with these compounds resulted in significant suppression of ISO-induced extracellular matrix alterations, as indicated by reduced areas of diffuse fibrosis and decline of hydroxyproline, collagen-1, SMAD2/3, and TGF-β1 protein levels. Importantly, the highly pro-arrhythmic ISO-induced disordered cardiomyocyte distribution of electrical coupling protein, connexin-43 (Cx43), and its remodeling (lateralization) were significantly attenuated by melatonin and omega-3 in Wistar as well as SHR hearts. In parallel, both compounds prevented the post-ISO-related increase in Cx43 variant phosphorylated at serine 368 along with PKCε, which are known to modulate Cx43 remodeling. Melatonin and omega-3 increased SOD1 or SOD2 protein levels in ISO-exposed rats of both strains. Altogether, the results indicate that anti-arrhythmic effects of melatonin and omega-3 might be attributed to the protection of myocardial Cx43 topology and suppression of fibrosis in the setting of oxidative stress induced by catecholamine overdrive in normotensive and hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Szeiffova Bacova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, SAS, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.B.); (C.V.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (V.K.); (T.E.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Csilla Viczenczova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, SAS, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.B.); (C.V.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (V.K.); (T.E.B.); (J.S.)
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarina Andelova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, SAS, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.B.); (C.V.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (V.K.); (T.E.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Matus Sykora
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, SAS, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.B.); (C.V.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (V.K.); (T.E.B.); (J.S.)
| | | | - Miroslav Barancik
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, SAS, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.B.); (C.V.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (V.K.); (T.E.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Michaela Adamcova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Vladimir Knezl
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, SAS, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.B.); (C.V.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (V.K.); (T.E.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Tamara Egan Benova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, SAS, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.B.); (C.V.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (V.K.); (T.E.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Peter Weismann
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81499 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Jan Slezak
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, SAS, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.B.); (C.V.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (V.K.); (T.E.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Narcisa Tribulova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, SAS, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.B.); (C.V.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (V.K.); (T.E.B.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +00421-2-32295423
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21
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Li X, Liu J, Hu H, Lu S, Lu Q, Quan N, Rousselle T, Patel MS, Li J. Dichloroacetate Ameliorates Cardiac Dysfunction Caused by Ischemic Insults Through AMPK Signal Pathway-Not Only Shifts Metabolism. Toxicol Sci 2020; 167:604-617. [PMID: 30371859 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA), an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), regulates substrate metabolism in the heart. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an age-related energy sensor that protects the heart from ischemic injury. This study aims to investigate whether DCA can protect the heart from ischemic injury through the AMPK signaling pathway. Young (3-4 months) and aged (20-24 months) male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for an in vivo ischemic model. The systolic function of the hearts was significantly decreased in both young and aged mice after 45 min of ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion. DCA treatment significantly improved cardiac function in both young and aged mice. The myocardial infarction analysis demonstrated that DCA treatment significantly reduced the infarction size caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in both young and aged mice. The isolated-cardiomyocyte experiments showed that DCA treatment ameliorated contractile dysfunction and improved the intracellular calcium signal of cardiomyocytes under hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) conditions. These cardioprotective functions of DCA can be attenuated by inhibiting AMPK activation. Furthermore, the metabolic measurements with an ex vivo working heart system demonstrated that the effects of DCA treatment on modulating the metabolic shift response to ischemia and reperfusion stress can be attenuated by inhibiting AMPK activity. The immunoblotting results showed that DCA treatment triggered cardiac AMPK signaling pathway by increasing the phosphorylation of AMPK's upstream kinase liver kinase B1 (LKB1) under both sham operations and I/R conditions. Thus, except from modulating metabolism in hearts, the cardioprotective function of DCA during I/R was mediated by the LKB1-AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Shaoxin Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Qingguo Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Nanhu Quan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Thomas Rousselle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Mulchand S Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo New York 14203
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
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22
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Zhu X, Long D, Zabalawi M, Ingram B, Yoza BK, Stacpoole PW, McCall CE. Stimulating pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reduces itaconate levels and enhances TCA cycle anabolic bioenergetics in acutely inflamed monocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:467-484. [PMID: 31894617 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a1119-236r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)/pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) axis directs the universal survival principles of immune resistance and tolerance in monocytes by controlling anabolic and catabolic energetics. Immune resistance shifts to immune tolerance during inflammatory shock syndromes when inactivation of PDC by increased PDK activity disrupts the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle support of anabolic pathways. The transition from immune resistance to tolerance also diverts the TCA cycle from citrate-derived cis-aconitate to itaconate, a recently discovered catabolic mediator that separates the TCA cycle at isocitrate and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Itaconate inhibits succinate dehydrogenase and its anabolic role in mitochondrial ATP generation. We previously reported that inhibiting PDK in septic mice with dichloroacetate (DCA) increased TCA cycle activity, reversed septic shock, restored innate and adaptive immune and organ function, and increased survival. Here, using unbiased metabolomics in a monocyte culture model of severe acute inflammation that simulates sepsis reprogramming, we show that DCA-induced activation of PDC restored anabolic energetics in inflammatory monocytes while increasing TCA cycle intermediates, decreasing itaconate, and increasing amino acid anaplerotic catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Our study provides new mechanistic insight that the DCA-stimulated PDC homeostat reconfigures the TCA cycle and promotes anabolic energetics in monocytes by reducing levels of the catabolic mediator itaconate. It further supports the theory that PDC is an energy sensing and signaling homeostat that restores metabolic and energy fitness during acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Long
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Manal Zabalawi
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian Ingram
- Metabolon, Inc., Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barbara K Yoza
- Department of Surgery/General Surgery and Trauma, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter W Stacpoole
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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23
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Myocardial Adaptation in Pseudohypoxia: Signaling and Regulation of mPTP via Mitochondrial Connexin 43 and Cardiolipin. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111449. [PMID: 31744200 PMCID: PMC6912244 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies intended to mitigate cardiovascular complications cannot be applied in practice without detailed knowledge of molecular mechanisms. Mitochondria, as the end-effector of cardioprotection, represent one of the possible therapeutic approaches. The present review provides an overview of factors affecting the regulation processes of mitochondria at the level of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTP) resulting in comprehensive myocardial protection. The regulation of mPTP seems to be an important part of the mechanisms for maintaining the energy equilibrium of the heart under pathological conditions. Mitochondrial connexin 43 is involved in the regulation process by inhibition of mPTP opening. These individual cardioprotective mechanisms can be interconnected in the process of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation resulting in the maintenance of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. In this context, the degree of mitochondrial membrane fluidity appears to be a key factor in the preservation of ATP synthase rotation required for ATP formation. Moreover, changes in the composition of the cardiolipin’s structure in the mitochondrial membrane can significantly affect the energy system under unfavorable conditions. This review aims to elucidate functional and structural changes of cardiac mitochondria subjected to preconditioning, with an emphasis on signaling pathways leading to mitochondrial energy maintenance during partial oxygen deprivation.
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24
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Schumacher JD, Guo GL. Pharmacologic Modulation of Bile Acid-FXR-FGF15/FGF19 Pathway for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 256:325-357. [PMID: 31201553 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is within the spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and can progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prevalence of NASH is rising and has become a large burden to the medical system worldwide. Unfortunately, despite its high prevalence and severe health consequences, there is currently no therapeutic agent approved to treat NASH. Therefore, the development of efficacious therapies is of utmost urgency and importance. Many molecular targets are currently under investigation for their ability to halt NASH progression. One of the most promising and well-studied targets is the bile acid (BA)-activated nuclear receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR). In this chapter, the characteristics, etiology, and prevalence of NASH will be discussed. A brief introduction to FXR regulation of BA homeostasis will be described. However, for more details regarding FXR in BA homeostasis, please refer to previous chapters. In this chapter, the mechanisms by which tissue and cell type-specific FXR regulates NASH development will be discussed in detail. Several FXR agonists have reached later phase clinical trials for treatment of NASH. The progress of these compounds and summary of released data will be provided. Lastly, this chapter will address safety liabilities specific to the development of FXR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Schumacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Grace L Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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25
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Betts CA, McClorey G, Healicon R, Hammond SM, Manzano R, Muses S, Ball V, Godfrey C, Merritt TM, van Westering T, O'Donovan L, Wells KE, Gait MJ, Wells DJ, Tyler D, Wood MJ. Cmah-dystrophin deficient mdx mice display an accelerated cardiac phenotype that is improved following peptide-PMO exon skipping treatment. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:396-406. [PMID: 30281092 PMCID: PMC6337703 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by loss of dystrophin protein, leading to progressive muscle weakness and premature death due to respiratory and/or cardiac complications. Cardiac involvement is characterized by progressive dilated cardiomyopathy, decreased fractional shortening and metabolic dysfunction involving reduced metabolism of fatty acids-the major cardiac metabolic substrate. Several mouse models have been developed to study molecular and pathological consequences of dystrophin deficiency, but do not recapitulate all aspects of human disease pathology and exhibit a mild cardiac phenotype. Here we demonstrate that Cmah (cytidine monophosphate-sialic acid hydroxylase)-deficient mdx mice (Cmah-/-;mdx) have an accelerated cardiac phenotype compared to the established mdx model. Cmah-/-;mdx mice display earlier functional deterioration, specifically a reduction in right ventricle (RV) ejection fraction and stroke volume (SV) at 12 weeks of age and decreased left ventricle diastolic volume with subsequent reduced SV compared to mdx mice by 24 weeks. They further show earlier elevation of cardiac damage markers for fibrosis (Ctgf), oxidative damage (Nox4) and haemodynamic load (Nppa). Cardiac metabolic substrate requirement was assessed using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicating increased in vivo glycolytic flux in Cmah-/-;mdx mice. Early upregulation of mitochondrial genes (Ucp3 and Cpt1) and downregulation of key glycolytic genes (Pdk1, Pdk4, Ppara), also denote disturbed cardiac metabolism and shift towards glucose utilization in Cmah-/-;mdx mice. Moreover, we show long-term treatment with peptide-conjugated exon skipping antisense oligonucleotides (20-week regimen), resulted in 20% cardiac dystrophin protein restoration and significantly improved RV cardiac function. Therefore, Cmah-/-;mdx mice represent an appropriate model for evaluating cardiac benefit of novel DMD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne A Betts
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Graham McClorey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Healicon
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Suzan M Hammond
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Raquel Manzano
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Sofia Muses
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, UK
| | - Vicky Ball
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Caroline Godfrey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas M Merritt
- Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Tirsa van Westering
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Liz O'Donovan
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kim E Wells
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, UK
| | - Michael J Gait
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dominic J Wells
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, UK
| | - Damian Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
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26
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The Effects of Sodium Dichloroacetate on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuronal Death Following Hypoglycemia-Induced Injury. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050405. [PMID: 31052436 PMCID: PMC6562710 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that some degree of neuronal death is caused by hypoglycemia, but a subsequent and more severe wave of neuronal cell death occurs due to glucose reperfusion, which results from the rapid restoration of low blood glucose levels. Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by hypoglycemia leads to increased levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) and suppresses the formation of ATP by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activation, which can convert pyruvate into acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). Sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) is a PDK inhibitor and activates PDH, the gatekeeper of glucose oxidation. However, no studies about the effect of DCA on hypoglycemia have been published. In the present study, we hypothesized that DCA treatment could reduce neuronal death through improvement of glycolysis and prevention of reactive oxygen species production after hypoglycemia. To test this, we used an animal model of insulin-induced hypoglycemia and injected DCA (100 mg/kg, i.v., two days) following hypoglycemic insult. Histological evaluation was performed one week after hypoglycemia. DCA treatment reduced hypoglycemia-induced oxidative stress, microglial activation, blood–brain barrier disruption, and neuronal death compared to the vehicle-treated hypoglycemia group. Therefore, our findings suggest that DCA may have the therapeutic potential to reduce hippocampal neuronal death after hypoglycemia.
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27
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Golias T, Kery M, Radenkovic S, Papandreou I. Microenvironmental control of glucose metabolism in tumors by regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:674-686. [PMID: 30121950 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During malignant progression cancer cells undergo a series of changes, which promote their survival, invasiveness and metastatic process. One of them is a change in glucose metabolism. Unlike normal cells, which mostly rely on the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), many cancer types rely on glycolysis. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is the gatekeeper enzyme between these two pathways and is responsible for converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, which can then be processed further in the TCA cycle. Its activity is regulated by PDP (pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatases) and PDHK (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases). Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase exists in 4 tissue specific isoforms (PDHK1-4), the activities of which are regulated by different factors, including hormones, hypoxia and nutrients. PDHK1 and PDHK3 are active in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and inhibit PDC, resulting in a decrease of mitochondrial function and activation of the glycolytic pathway. High PDHK1/3 expression is associated with worse prognosis in patients, which makes them a promising target for cancer therapy. However, a better understanding of PDC's enzymatic regulation in vivo and of the mechanisms of PDHK-mediated malignant progression is necessary for the design of better PDHK inhibitors and the selection of patients most likely to benefit from such inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Golias
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Kery
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Silvia Radenkovic
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ioanna Papandreou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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28
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Lin HY, Han HW, Sun WX, Yang YS, Tang CY, Lu GH, Qi JL, Wang XM, Yang YH. Design and characterization of α -lipoic acyl shikonin ester twin drugs as tubulin and PDK1 dual inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 144:137-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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29
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Angelini A, Pi X, Xie L. Dioxygen and Metabolism; Dangerous Liaisons in Cardiac Function and Disease. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1044. [PMID: 29311974 PMCID: PMC5732914 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart must consume a significant amount of energy to sustain its contractile activity. Although the fuel demands are huge, the stock remains very low. Thus, in order to supply its daily needs, the heart must have amazing adaptive abilities, which are dependent on dioxygen availability. However, in myriad cardiovascular diseases, “fuel” depletion and hypoxia are common features, leading cardiomyocytes to favor low-dioxygen-consuming glycolysis rather than oxidation of fatty acids. This metabolic switch makes it challenging to distinguish causes from consequences in cardiac pathologies. Finally, despite the progress achieved in the past few decades, medical treatments have not improved substantially, either. In such a situation, it seems clear that much remains to be learned about cardiac diseases. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss how reconciling dioxygen availability and cardiac metabolic adaptations may contribute to develop full and innovative strategies from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Angelini
- Department of Medicine-Athero and Lipo, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xinchun Pi
- Department of Medicine-Athero and Lipo, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Medicine-Athero and Lipo, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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30
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He Y, Gao M, Cao Y, Tang H, Liu S, Tao Y. Nuclear localization of metabolic enzymes in immunity and metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:359-371. [PMID: 28757126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism is essential to all living organisms that provide cells with energy, regulators, building blocks, enzyme cofactors and signaling molecules, and is in tune with nutritional conditions and the function of cells to make the appropriate developmental decisions or maintain homeostasis. As a fundamental biological process, metabolism state affects the production of multiple metabolites and the activation of various enzymes that participate in regulating gene expression, cell apoptosis, cancer progression and immunoreactions. Previous studies generally focus on the function played by the metabolic enzymes in the cytoplasm and mitochondrion. In this review, we conclude the role of them in the nucleus and their implications for cancer progression, immunity and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Menghui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haosheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Piao L, Fang YH, Kubler MM, Donnino MW, Sharp WW. Enhanced pyruvate dehydrogenase activity improves cardiac outcomes in a murine model of cardiac arrest. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185046. [PMID: 28934276 PMCID: PMC5608301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Post-ischemic changes in cellular metabolism alter myocardial and neurological function. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), the limiting step in mitochondrial glucose oxidation, is inhibited by increased expression of PDH kinase (PDK) during ischemia/reperfusion injury. This results in decreased utilization of glucose to generate cellular ATP. Post-cardiac arrest (CA) hypothermia improves outcomes and alters metabolism, but its influence on PDH and PDK activity following CA are unknown. We hypothesized that therapeutic hypothermia (TH) following CA is associated with the inhibition of PDK activity and increased PDH activity. We further hypothesized that an inhibitor of PDK activity, dichloroacetate (DCA), would improve PDH activity and post-CA outcomes. Methods and results Anesthetized and ventilated adult female C57BL/6 wild-type mice underwent a 12-minute KCl-induced CA followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Compared to normothermic (37°C) CA controls, administering TH (30°C) improved overall survival (72-hour survival rate: 62.5% vs. 28.6%, P<0.001), post-resuscitation myocardial function (ejection fraction: 50.9±3.1% vs. 27.2±2.0%, P<0.001; aorta systolic pressure: 132.7±7.3 vs. 72.3±3.0 mmHg, P<0.001), and neurological scores at 72-hour post CA (9.5±1.3 vs. 5.4±1.3, P<0.05). In both heart and brain, CA increased lactate concentrations (1.9-fold and 3.1-fold increase, respectively, P<0.01), decreased PDH enzyme activity (24% and 50% reduction, respectively, P<0.01), and increased PDK protein expressions (1.2-fold and 1.9-fold, respectively, P<0.01). In contrast, post-CA treatment with TH normalized lactate concentrations (P<0.01 and P<0.05) and PDK expressions (P<0.001 and P<0.05), while increasing PDH activity (P<0.01 and P<0.01) in both the heart and brain. Additionally, treatment with DCA (0.2 mg/g body weight) 30 min prior to CA improved both myocardial hemodynamics 2 hours post-CA (aortic systolic pressure: 123±3 vs. 96±4 mmHg, P<0.001) and 72-hour survival rates (50% vs. 19%, P<0.05) in normothermic animals. Conclusions Enhanced PDH activity in the setting of TH or DCA administration is associated with improved post-CA resuscitation outcomes. PDH is a promising therapeutic target for improving post-CA outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Piao
- Section of Emergency Medicine; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yong-Hu Fang
- Section of Emergency Medicine; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Manfred M. Kubler
- Section of Emergency Medicine; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Donnino
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Willard W. Sharp
- Section of Emergency Medicine; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Abstract
The family of 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes (2-OADC), typified by the pyruvate dehydrogenase multi-enzyme complex (PDC) as its most prominent member, are massive molecular machines (Mr, 4-10 million) controlling key steps in glucose homeostasis (PDC), citric acid cycle flux (OGDC, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase) and the metabolism of the branched-chain amino acids, leucine, isoleucine and valine (BCOADC, branched-chain 2-OADC). These highly organised mitochondrial arrays, composed of multiple copies of three separate enzymes, have been widely studied as paradigms for the analysis of enzyme cooperativity, substrate channelling, protein-protein interactions and the regulation of activity by phosphorylation . This chapter will highlight recent advances in our understanding of the structure-function relationships, the overall organisation and the transport and assembly of PDC in particular, focussing on both native and recombinant forms of the complex and their individual components or constituent domains. Biophysical approaches, including X-ray crystallography (MX), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), cryo-EM imaging, analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) and small angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS), have all contributed significant new information on PDC subunit organisation, stoichiometry, regulatory mechanisms and mode of assembly. Moreover, the recognition of specific genetic defects linked to PDC deficiency, in combination with the ability to analyse recombinant PDCs housing both novel naturally-occurring and engineered mutations, have all stimulated renewed interest in these classical metabolic assemblies. In addition, the role played by PDC, and its constituent proteins, in certain disease states will be briefly reviewed, focussing on the development of new and exciting areas of medical and immunological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olwyn Byron
- School of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - John Gordon Lindsay
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, Davidson Building, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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33
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Bround MJ, Wambolt R, Cen H, Asghari P, Albu RF, Han J, McAfee D, Pourrier M, Scott NE, Bohunek L, Kulpa JE, Chen SRW, Fedida D, Brownsey RW, Borchers CH, Foster LJ, Mayor T, Moore EDW, Allard MF, Johnson JD. Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor (Ryr2)-mediated Calcium Signals Specifically Promote Glucose Oxidation via Pyruvate Dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23490-23505. [PMID: 27621312 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.756973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac ryanodine receptor (Ryr2) Ca2+ release channels and cellular metabolism are both disrupted in heart disease. Recently, we demonstrated that total loss of Ryr2 leads to cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction, arrhythmia, and reduced heart rate. Acute total Ryr2 ablation also impaired metabolism, but it was not clear whether this was a cause or consequence of heart failure. Previous in vitro studies revealed that Ca2+ flux into the mitochondria helps pace oxidative metabolism, but there is limited in vivo evidence supporting this concept. Here, we studied heart-specific, inducible Ryr2 haploinsufficient (cRyr2Δ50) mice with a stable 50% reduction in Ryr2 protein. This manipulation decreased the amplitude and frequency of cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ signals in isolated cardiomyocytes, without changes in cardiomyocyte contraction. Remarkably, in the context of well preserved contractile function in perfused hearts, we observed decreased glucose oxidation, but not fat oxidation, with increased glycolysis. cRyr2Δ50 hearts exhibited hyperphosphorylation and inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase, the key Ca2+-sensitive gatekeeper to glucose oxidation. Metabolomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic analyses revealed additional functional networks associated with altered metabolism in this model. These results demonstrate that Ryr2 controls mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics and plays a specific, critical role in promoting glucose oxidation in cardiomyocytes. Our findings indicate that partial RYR2 loss is sufficient to cause metabolic abnormalities seen in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bround
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute and.,Departments of Cellular and Physiological Sciences
| | - Rich Wambolt
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute and.,the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and the Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6
| | - Haoning Cen
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute and.,Departments of Cellular and Physiological Sciences
| | - Parisa Asghari
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute and.,Departments of Cellular and Physiological Sciences
| | - Razvan F Albu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,the Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4
| | - Jun Han
- the University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 7X8, and
| | - Donald McAfee
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute and.,Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3
| | - Marc Pourrier
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute and.,Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,the Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4
| | - Lubos Bohunek
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and the Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6
| | | | - S R Wayne Chen
- the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - David Fedida
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute and.,Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3
| | | | - Christoph H Borchers
- the University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 7X8, and
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,the Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4
| | - Thibault Mayor
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,the Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4
| | - Edwin D W Moore
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute and.,Departments of Cellular and Physiological Sciences
| | - Michael F Allard
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute and.,the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and the Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6
| | - James D Johnson
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute and .,Departments of Cellular and Physiological Sciences
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34
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Li A, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Wang M, Zan L. Molecular Characterization and Transcriptional Regulation Analysis of the Bovine PDHB Gene. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157445. [PMID: 27379520 PMCID: PMC4933360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase beta subunit (PDHB) is a subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), which catalyzes pyruvate into acetyl-CoA and provides a linkage between the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and the glycolysis pathway. Previous studies demonstrated PDHB to be positively related to the intramuscular fat (IMF) content. However, the transcriptional regulation of PDHB remains unclear. In our present study, the cDNA of bovine PDHB was cloned and the genomic structure was analyzed. The phylogenetic tree showed bovine PDHB to be closely related to goat and sheep, and least related to chicken. Spatial expression pattern analysis revealed the products of bovine PDHB to be widely expressed with the highest level in the fat of testis. To understand the transcriptional regulation of bovine PDHB, 1899 base pairs (bp) of the 5’-regulatory region was cloned. Sequence analysis neither found consensus TATA-box nor CCAAT-box in the 5’-flanking region of bovine PDHB. However, a CpG island was predicted from nucleotides -284 to +117. Serial deletion constructs of the 5’-flanking region, evaluated in dual-luciferase reporter assay, revealed the core promoter to be located 490bp upstream from the transcription initiation site (+1). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) in combination with asite-directed mutation experiment indicated both myogenin (MYOG) and the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPß) to be important transcription factors for bovine PDHB in skeletal muscle cells and adipocytes. Our results provide an important basis for further investigation of the bovine PDHB function and regulation in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yaran Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhidong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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35
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Marquez J, Lee SR, Kim N, Han J. Post-Translational Modifications of Cardiac Mitochondrial Proteins in Cardiovascular Disease: Not Lost in Translation. Korean Circ J 2016; 46:1-12. [PMID: 26798379 PMCID: PMC4720839 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2016.46.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial in regulating cellular biology by playing key roles in processes such as the rapid on and off switching of signaling network and the regulation of enzymatic activities without affecting gene expressions. PTMs lead to conformational changes in the tertiary structure of protein and resultant regulation of protein function such as activation, inhibition, or signaling roles. PTMs such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and S-nitrosylation of specific sites in proteins have key roles in regulation of mitochondrial functions, thereby contributing to the progression to heart failure. Despite the extensive study of PTMs in mitochondrial proteins much remains unclear. Further research is yet to be undertaken to elucidate how changes in the proteins may lead to cardiovascular and metabolic disease progression in particular. We aimed to summarize the various types of PTMs that occur in mitochondrial proteins, which might be associated with heart failure. This study will increase the understanding of cardiovascular diseases through PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubert Marquez
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung Ryul Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Korea.; National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Korea.; National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Korea.; National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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36
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Moxley MA, Beard DA, Bazil JN. Global Kinetic Analysis of Mammalian E3 Reveals pH-dependent NAD+/NADH Regulation, Physiological Kinetic Reversibility, and Catalytic Optimum. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:2712-30. [PMID: 26644471 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.676619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian E3 is an essential mitochondrial enzyme responsible for catalyzing the terminal reaction in the oxidative catabolism of several metabolites. E3 is a key regulator of metabolic fuel selection as a component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc). E3 regulates PDHc activity by altering the affinity of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, an inhibitor of the enzyme complex, through changes in reduction and acetylation state of lipoamide moieties set by the NAD(+)/NADH ratio. Thus, an accurate kinetic model of E3 is needed to predict overall mammalian PDHc activity. Here, we have combined numerous literature data sets and new equilibrium spectroscopic experiments with a multitude of independently collected forward and reverse steady-state kinetic assays using pig heart E3. The latter kinetic assays demonstrate a pH-dependent transition of NAD(+) activation to inhibition, shown here, to our knowledge, for the first time in a single consistent data set. Experimental data were analyzed to yield a thermodynamically constrained four-redox-state model of E3 that simulates pH-dependent activation/inhibition and active site redox states for various conditions. The developed model was used to determine substrate/product conditions that give maximal E3 rates and show that, due to non-Michaelis-Menten behavior, the maximal flux is different compared with the classically defined kcat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Moxley
- From the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Daniel A Beard
- From the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Jason N Bazil
- From the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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37
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Chen YY, Li Q, Pan CS, Yan L, Fan JY, He K, Sun K, Liu YY, Chen QF, Bai Y, Wang CS, He B, Lv AP, Han JY. QiShenYiQi Pills, a compound in Chinese medicine, protects against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy through a multi-component and multi-target mode. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11802. [PMID: 26136154 PMCID: PMC4488877 DOI: 10.1038/srep11802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the holistic mechanism for the antihypertrophic effect of a compound in Chinese medicine, QiShenYiQi Pills (QSYQ) and the contributions of its components to the effect in rats with cardiac hypertrophy (CH). After induction of CH by ascending aortic stenosis, rats were treated with QSYQ, each identified active ingredient (astragaloside IV, 3, 4-dihydroxy-phenyl lactic acid or notoginsenoside R1) from its 3 major herb components or dalbergia odorifera, either alone or combinations, for 1 month. QSYQ markedly attenuated CH, as evidenced by echocardiography, morphology and biochemistry. Proteomic analysis and western blot showed that the majority of differentially expressed proteins in the heart of QSYQ-treated rats were associated with energy metabolism or oxidative stress. Each ingredient alone or their combinations exhibited similar effects as QSYQ but to a lesser extent and differently with astragaloside IV and notoginsenoside R1 being more effective for enhancing energy metabolism, 3, 4-dihydroxy-phenyl lactic acid more effective for counteracting oxidative stress while dalbergia odorifera having little effect on the variables evaluated. In conclusion, QSYQ exerts a more potent antihypertrophic effect than any of its ingredients or their combinations, due to the interaction of its active components through a multi-component and multi-target mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Chen
- 1] Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China [2] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [4] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Li
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Shui Pan
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ke He
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ying Liu
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Fang Chen
- 1] Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China [2] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [4] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptide, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-She Wang
- 1] Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China [2] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [4] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Bing He
- The School of Chinese Medicine of Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ai-Ping Lv
- The School of Chinese Medicine of Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- 1] Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China [2] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [4] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
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38
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Mailloux RJ. Teaching the fundamentals of electron transfer reactions in mitochondria and the production and detection of reactive oxygen species. Redox Biol 2015; 4:381-98. [PMID: 25744690 PMCID: PMC4348434 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria fulfill a number of biological functions which inherently depend on ATP and O2(-•)/H2O2 production. Both ATP and O2(-•)/H2O2 are generated by electron transfer reactions. ATP is the product of oxidative phosphorylation whereas O2(-•) is generated by singlet electron reduction of di-oxygen (O2). O2(-•) is then rapidly dismutated by superoxide dismutase (SOD) producing H2O2. O2(-•)/H2O2 were once viewed as unfortunately by-products of aerobic respiration. This characterization is fitting considering over production of O2(-•)/H2O2 by mitochondria is associated with range of pathological conditions and aging. However, O2(-•)/H2O2 are only dangerous in large quantities. If produced in a controlled fashion and maintained at a low concentration, cells can benefit greatly from the redox properties of O2(-•)/H2O2. Indeed, low rates of O2(-•)/H2O2 production are required for intrinsic mitochondrial signaling (e.g. modulation of mitochondrial processes) and communication with the rest of the cell. O2(-•)/H2O2 levels are kept in check by anti-oxidant defense systems that sequester O2(-•)/H2O2 with extreme efficiency. Given the importance of O2(-•)/H2O2 in cellular function, it is imperative to consider how mitochondria produce O2(-•)/H2O2 and how O2(-•)/H2O2 genesis is regulated in conjunction with fluctuations in nutritional and redox states. Here, I discuss the fundamentals of electron transfer reactions in mitochondria and emerging knowledge on the 11 potential sources of mitochondrial O2(-•)/H2O2 in tandem with their significance in contributing to overall O2(-•)/H2O2 emission in health and disease. The potential for classifying these different sites in isopotential groups, which is essentially defined by the redox properties of electron donator involved in O2(-•)/H2O2 production, as originally suggested by Brand and colleagues is also surveyed in detail. In addition, redox signaling mechanisms that control O2(-•)/H2O2 genesis from these sites are discussed. Finally, the current methodologies utilized for measuring O2(-•)/H2O2 in isolated mitochondria, cell culture and in vivo are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Mailloux
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.
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