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Antifungal Encapsulated into Ligand-Functionalized Nanoparticles with High Specificity for Macrophages. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091932. [PMID: 36145686 PMCID: PMC9501281 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by intracellular microorganisms such as Histoplasma capsulatum represent a significant challenge worldwide. Drug encapsulation into functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) is a valuable alternative to improving drug solubility and bioavailability, preventing undesirable interactions and drug degradation, and reaching the specific therapeutic target with lower doses. This work reports on Itraconazole (ITZ) encapsulated into core-shell-like polymeric NPs and functionalized with anti-F4/80 antibodies for their targeted and controlled release into macrophages. Uptake assay on co-culture showed significant differences between the uptake of functionalized and bare NPs, higher with functionalized NPs. In vitro assays showed that F4/80-NPs with 0.007 µg/mL of encapsulated ITZ eliminated the H. capsulatum fungus in co-culture with macrophages effectively compared to the bare NPs, without any cytotoxic effect on macrophages after 24 h interaction. Furthermore, encapsulated ITZ modulated the gene expression of anti and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, INF-Y, IL-6 and IL-10) on macrophages. Additionally, the anti-F4/80 antibody-coating enhanced natural and adequate antifungal response in the cells, exerting a synergistic effect that prevented the growth of the fungus at the intracellular level. Functionalized NPs can potentially improve macrophage-targeted therapy, increasing NPs endocytosis and intracellular drug concentration.
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Muenster S, Zschernack V, Dierig B, Frede S, Baumgarten G, Coburn M, Putensen C, Weisheit CK. Vancomycin and daptomycin modulate the innate immune response in a murine model of LPS-induced sepsis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211031373. [PMID: 34296627 PMCID: PMC8312155 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211031373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of death worldwide, despite the use of multimodal therapies. Common antibiotic regimens are being affected by a rising number of multidrug-resistant pathogens, and new therapeutic approaches are therefore needed. Antibiotics have immunomodulatory properties which appear to be beneficial in the treatment of sepsis. We hypothesized that the last-resort antibiotics vancomycin (VAN) and daptomycin (DMC) modulate cell migration, phagocytosis, and protein cytokine levels in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis. Ten to twelve-week-old C57BL/6 mice (n = 4-6 animals per group) were stimulated with LPS for 20 h, followed by the administration of VAN or DMC. The outcome parameters were leukocyte accumulation and effector function. Quantification of the immune cells in the peritoneal lavage was performed using flow cytometry analysis. Phagocytosis was measured using pHrodo E. coli BioParticles. The response of the cytokines TNFα, IL-6, and IL-10 was measured in vitro using murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS and VAN or DMC. VAN decreased both the peritoneal macrophage and the dendritic cell populations following LPS stimulation. DMC reduced the dendritic cell population in the peritoneal cavity in LPS-infected mice. Both antibiotics increased the phagocytic activity in peritoneal macrophages, but this effect was diminished in response to LPS. Phagocytosis of dendritic cells was increased in LPS-infected animals treated with VAN. VAN and DMC differently modulated the levels of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In a murine model of LPS-induced sepsis, VAN and DMC exhibit immunomodulatory effects on cells involved in innate immunity. The question of whether these antibiotics exhibit synergistic effects in the treatment of septic patients, beyond their bactericidal properties, should be further evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Muenster
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Birte Dierig
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stilla Frede
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Baumgarten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Mark Coburn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Putensen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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3
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Gerber DE, Putnam WC, Fattah FJ, Kernstine KH, Brekken RA, Pedrosa I, Skelton R, Saltarski JM, Lenkinski RE, Leff RD, Ahn C, Padmanabhan C, Chembukar V, Kasiri S, Kallem RR, Subramaniyan I, Yuan Q, Do QN, Xi Y, Reznik SI, Pelosof L, Faubert B, DeBerardinis RJ, Kim J. Concentration-dependent Early Antivascular and Antitumor Effects of Itraconazole in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:6017-6027. [PMID: 32847935 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Itraconazole has been repurposed as an anticancer therapeutic agent for multiple malignancies. In preclinical models, itraconazole has antiangiogenic properties and inhibits Hedgehog pathway activity. We performed a window-of-opportunity trial to determine the biologic effects of itraconazole in human patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had planned for surgical resection were administered with itraconazole 300 mg orally twice daily for 10-14 days. Patients underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and plasma collection for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses. Tissues from pretreatment biopsy, surgical resection, and skin biopsies were analyzed for itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole concentration, and vascular and Hedgehog pathway biomarkers. RESULTS Thirteen patients were enrolled in this study. Itraconazole was well-tolerated. Steady-state plasma concentrations of itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole demonstrated a 6-fold difference across patients. Tumor itraconazole concentrations trended with and exceeded those of plasma. Greater itraconazole levels were significantly and meaningfully associated with reduction in tumor volume (Spearman correlation, -0.71; P = 0.05) and tumor perfusion (Ktrans; Spearman correlation, -0.71; P = 0.01), decrease in the proangiogenic cytokines IL1b (Spearman correlation, -0.73; P = 0.01) and GM-CSF (Spearman correlation, -1.00; P < 0.001), and reduction in tumor microvessel density (Spearman correlation, -0.69; P = 0.03). Itraconazole-treated tumors also demonstrated distinct metabolic profiles. Itraconazole treatment did not alter transcription of GLI1 and PTCH1 mRNA. Patient size, renal function, and hepatic function did not predict itraconazole concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Itraconazole demonstrates concentration-dependent early antivascular, metabolic, and antitumor effects in patients with NSCLC. As the number of fixed dose cancer therapies increases, attention to interpatient pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics differences may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Gerber
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. .,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - William C Putnam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Farjana J Fattah
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kemp H Kernstine
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ivan Pedrosa
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rachael Skelton
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jessica M Saltarski
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Robert E Lenkinski
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Richard D Leff
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Chul Ahn
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Chyndhri Padmanabhan
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Vaidehi Chembukar
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sahba Kasiri
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Raja Reddy Kallem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Indhumathy Subramaniyan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Quyen N Do
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yin Xi
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Scott I Reznik
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Lorraine Pelosof
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Brandon Faubert
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - James Kim
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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The Therapy of Pulmonary Fibrosis in Paracoccidioidomycosis: What Are the New Experimental Approaches? J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040217. [PMID: 33050568 PMCID: PMC7712212 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is considered the most important sequela developed in patients suffering from the chronic form of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), which leads to the loss of respiratory function in 50% of cases; this residual pulmonary abnormality is present even after antifungal treatment. To date, there is no effective treatment for PF. However, the use of antifungal drugs in combination with other antibiotics or immunomodulatory compounds, as well as biological therapies that include a monoclonal antibody specific to neutrophils, or prophylactic vaccination employing a recombinant antigen of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis that successfully attenuated PF, has been reported. Additionally, mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in combination with antifungal therapy slightly reduced the inflammatory response and profibrotic molecules induced by P. brasiliensis infection. In this review, I report experimental findings from several studies aiming to identify promising therapeutic strategies for treating PF developed in PCM.
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Faustino C, Pinheiro L. Lipid Systems for the Delivery of Amphotericin B in Antifungal Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12010029. [PMID: 31906268 PMCID: PMC7023008 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB), a broad-spectrum polyene antibiotic in the clinic for more than fifty years, remains the gold standard in the treatment of life-threatening invasive fungal infections and visceral leishmaniasis. Due to its poor water solubility and membrane permeability, AmB is conventionally formulated with deoxycholate as a micellar suspension for intravenous administration, but severe infusion-related side effects and nephrotoxicity hamper its therapeutic potential. Lipid-based formulations, such as liposomal AmB, have been developed which significantly reduce the toxic side effects of the drug. However, their high cost and the need for parenteral administration limit their widespread use. Therefore, delivery systems that can retain or even enhance antimicrobial efficacy while simultaneously reducing AmB adverse events are an active area of research. Among those, lipid systems have been extensively investigated due to the high affinity of AmB for binding lipids. The development of a safe and cost-effective oral formulation able to improve drug accessibility would be a major breakthrough, and several lipid systems for the oral delivery of AmB are currently under development. This review summarizes recent advances in lipid-based systems for targeted delivery of AmB focusing on non-parenteral nanoparticulate formulations mainly investigated over the last five years and highlighting those that are currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lídia Pinheiro
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-21-7946-400; Fax: +351-21-7946-470
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Puerta-Arias JD, Pino-Tamayo PA, Arango JC, Salazar-Peláez LM, González A. Itraconazole in combination with neutrophil depletion reduces the expression of genes related to pulmonary fibrosis in an experimental model of paracoccidioidomycosis. Med Mycol 2018; 56:579-590. [PMID: 29420794 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Itraconazole (ITC) is the drug of choice for treating paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM); nonetheless, patients with the chronic form of this mycosis develop fibrosis, a residual pulmonary abnormality, even after treatment. Recently, we observed that the depletion of neutrophils with a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb-anti-Ly6G) during the chronic stages of PCM was associated with a decrease in the fungal burden, the inflammatory response and a reduction of fibrosis. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the effect of ITC in combination with the mAb-anti-Ly6G in an experimental model of pulmonary PCM. BALB/c male mice were challenged with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeasts and treated with the mAb-anti-Ly6G and/or ITC at 4th week post-infection (p.i.) and then sacrificed at 12th week p.i. to assess neutrophil subpopulations, fungal load, collagen, expression of fibrosis- and pro-inflammatory-related genes and histopathology. We observed that combination of ITC/mAb-anti-Ly6G favored the control of infection and diminished the inflammatory response. Of note, such therapeutic strategy reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-10, TNF-α, TGF-β1, TGF-β3, GATA-3, RORc, Ahr, MMP-1α, MMP-8 MMP-15, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 genes in an additive manner compared to those mice treated with the mAb or ITC alone. Interestingly, ITC induced an increase of type-II neutrophils even in those mice treated with the mAb-anti-Ly6G. These results indicate that combination ITC/mAb-anti-Ly6G reduced the infection and pulmonary fibrosis through down-regulation of inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes. Additionally, we confirmed the immunomodulatory properties of this antifungal in vivo. This work emphasizes the importance of exploring new potential combination treatments to treat fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan David Puerta-Arias
- Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Julián Camilo Arango
- Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Medellín, Colombia.,School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Angel González
- School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Basic and Applied Microbiology Research Group (MICROBRA), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Bennett AC, Smith C. Immunomodulatory effects of Sceletium tortuosum (Trimesemine™) elucidated in vitro: Implications for chronic disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 214:134-140. [PMID: 29253615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sceletium tortuosum, among other Sceletium species, was traditionally used by the Khoisan people of Southern Africa for relief of pain-related ailments. However, the commercial availability of this supplement has greatly expanded due to anecdotal claims of its mood-elevating and anxiolytic properties. Unrelated research has elucidated a significant link between cytokines and the mediation of depression. Therefore, the effect of Sceletium supplementation on immune cell functionality is of interest, since the efficacy of potential depression treatments could, at least in part, rely on downregulation of pro-inflammatory signalling. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of a Sceletium extract, both basally and in the context of acute endotoxin stimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary human monocytes were supplemented with either a 0.01mg/ml or 1mg/ml Sceletium extract dose, with or without E. coli LPS stimulation in vitro, for 24h. Mitochondrial viability, as an indirect measure of cytotoxicity, and cytokine release in response to the treatment intervention were assessed. RESULTS Sceletium extract treatment was associated with increased mitochondrial viability, as well as up-regulated IL-10 release under basal conditions. LPS exposure significantly decreased mitochondrial viability, but this was prevented completely under Sceletium-treated conditions. The acute inflammatory response to LPS stimulation was not negatively affected. Sceletium treatment conferred most significant effects at a dose of 0.01mg/ml. CONCLUSIONS Sceletium exerts significant cytoprotective effects in the setting of endotoxin stimulation. Cytokine assessment indicated that Sceletium possesses mild anti-inflammatory properties, but does not hinder the mounting of an adequate immune response to acute immune challenge. These findings indicate that Sceletium may be beneficial for the attenuation of cytokine-induced depression, as well as in systemic low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber C Bennett
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Science Faculty, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Carine Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Science Faculty, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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Arango JC, Puerta-Arias JD, Pino-Tamayo PA, Salazar-Peláez LM, Rojas M, González Á. Impaired anti-fibrotic effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell in a mouse model of pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006006. [PMID: 29040281 PMCID: PMC5659794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have been consider as a promising therapy in fibrotic diseases. Experimental models suggest that BMMSCs may be used as an alternative therapy to treat chemical- or physical-induced pulmonary fibrosis. We investigated the anti-fibrotic potential of BMMSCs in an experimental model of lung fibrosis by infection with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. BMMSCs were isolated and purified from BALB/c mice using standardized methods. BALB/c male mice were inoculated by intranasal infection of 1.5x106P. brasiliensis yeasts. Then, 1x106 BMMSCs were administered intra venous at 8th week post-infection (p.i.). An additional group of mice was treated with itraconazole (ITC) two weeks before BMMSCs administration. Animals were sacrificed at 12th week p.i. Histopathological examination, fibrocytes counts, soluble collagen and fibrosis-related genes expression in lungs were evaluated. Additionally, human fibroblasts were treated with homogenized lung supernatants (HLS) to determine induction of collagen expression. Histological analysis showed an increase of granulomatous inflammatory areas in BMMSCs-treated mice. A significant increase of fibrocytes count, soluble collagen and collagen-3α1, TGF-β3, MMP-8 and MMP-15 genes expression were also observed in those mice. Interestingly, when combined therapy BMMSCs/ITC was used there is a decrease of TIMP-1 and MMP-13 gene expression in infected mice. Finally, human fibroblasts stimulated with HLS from infected and BMMSCs-transplanted mice showed a higher expression of collagen I. In conclusion, our findings indicate that late infusion of BMMSCs into mice infected with P. brasiliensis does not have any anti-fibrotic effect; possibly because their interaction with the fungus promotes collagen expression and tissue remodeling. This is the first study that evaluates the effect of BMMSCs therapy for lung fibrosis induced by the fungal pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, one of the most important systemic endemic mycosis diagnosed in South America and Central America. Our findings showed an impaired anti-fibrotic effect of BMMSCs transplantation. This effect could be triggered by either the chronic inflammatory microenvironment induced by P. brasiliensis or by a direct interaction between BMMSCs and the fungus, resulting in an exacerbation of the pulmonary fibrosis. In fact, the pro-fibrotic effect exerted by BMMSCs was toned-down by the usage of the antifungal ITC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Camilo Arango
- Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB)–Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan David Puerta-Arias
- Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB)–Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Paula Andrea Pino-Tamayo
- Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB)–Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, Unites States of America
| | | | - Mauricio Rojas
- Dorothy P. & Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
| | - Ángel González
- School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Basic and Applied Microbiology Research Group (MICROBA), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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9
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Gola J, Strzałka-Mrozik B, Kruszniewska-Rajs C, Janiszewski A, Skowronek B, Gagoś M, Czernel G, Mazurek U. A new form of amphotericin B - the complex with copper (II) ions - downregulates sTNFR1 shedding and changes the activity of genes involved in TNF-induced pathways: AmB-Cu 2+ downregulates sTNFR1 shedding and changes the activity of genes involved in TNF-induced pathways. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 69:22-28. [PMID: 27755992 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new form of amphotericin B (AmB)- complex with copper (II) ions (AmB-Cu2+) - is less toxic to human renal cells. Cytokines, including Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), are responsible for nephrotoxicity observed in patients treated with AmB. Another problem during therapy is the occurrence of oxidized forms of AmB (AmB-ox) in patients' circulation. To elucidate the molecular mechanism responsible for the reduction of the toxicity of AmB-Cu2+, we evaluated the expression of genes encoding TNF and its receptors alongside encoding proteins involved in TNF-induced signalization. METHODS Renal cells (RPTECs) were treated with AmB, AmB-Cu2+ or AmB-ox. The expression of TNF and its receptors was evaluated by ELISA tests and real-time RT-qPCR. The expression of TNF-related genes was appointed using oligonucleotide microarrays. RESULTS Only sTNFR1 was detected, and its level was lower in AmB-Cu2+- and AmB-ox-treated cells. TNFR1 mRNA was downregulated in AmB-ox, while TNFR2 mRNA was upregulated in AmB and AmB-Cu2+. Several changes in the expression of TNF-related genes coincided with changes in the expression of TNF receptors. CONCLUSIONS The lower toxicity of AmB-Cu2+ could result from the changes in the expression of TNF receptors, which coincided with the changes in the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in TNF-induced pathways. This situation might subsequently result in a changes in intracellular signalization and influence the toxicity of tested forms of AmB on renal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gola
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Barbara Strzałka-Mrozik
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Celina Kruszniewska-Rajs
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adrian Janiszewski
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Skowronek
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gagoś
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Czernel
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Mazurek
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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