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Palmer RF, Dempsey TT, Afrin LB. Chemical Intolerance and Mast Cell Activation: A Suspicious Synchronicity. J Xenobiot 2023; 13:704-718. [PMID: 37987446 PMCID: PMC10660865 DOI: 10.3390/jox13040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemical Intolerance (CI) is characterized by intolerances for chemicals, foods, and drugs with multi-system symptoms. As yet, the biomechanism remains unclear. One study reported converging lines of evidence supporting a substantive association between mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) and CI. The purpose of this study is to (1) confirm a previous report demonstrating that 60% of MCAS patients report CI and (2) examine the parallels between symptoms and intolerances in CI and MCAS. Methods: Five hundred forty-four MCAS patients were assigned a clinical MCAS score using a validated assessment instrument and were assessed for CI using the validated Quick Environmental Exposure Sensitivity Index. Results: Our outcomes confirm the previously published study where the majority of MCAS patients also have CI. There was a clear overlap between various ICD-10 diagnostic categories and CI symptoms, providing further support for a potential shared mechanism. Conclusions: Exposures to pesticides, volatile organic compounds, combustion products, and mold have previously been reported as initiators of CI. However, until recently, little was known about the biological mechanism involved that could explain the multisystem symptoms associated with CI. This paper addresses a newly identified biomechanism for disease, which may underlie a host of "medically unexplained symptoms" triggered by xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond F Palmer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Tania T Dempsey
- AIM Center for Personalized Medicine, Purchase, NY 10577, USA
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2
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Molot J, Sears M, Anisman H. Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: It's time to catch up to the science. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 151:105227. [PMID: 37172924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a complex medical condition associated with low dose chemical exposures. MCS is characterized by diverse features and common comorbidities, including fibromyalgia, cough hypersensitivity, asthma, and migraine, and stress/anxiety, with which the syndrome shares numerous neurobiological processes and altered functioning within diverse brain regions. Predictive factors linked to MCS comprise genetic influences, gene-environment interactions, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, cell dysfunction, and psychosocial influences. The development of MCS may be attributed to the sensitization of transient receptor potential (TRP) receptors, notably TRPV1 and TRPA1. Capsaicin inhalation challenge studies demonstrated that TRPV1 sensitization is manifested in MCS, and functional brain imaging studies revealed that TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonists promote brain-region specific neuronal variations. Unfortunately, MCS has often been inappropriately viewed as stemming exclusively from psychological disturbances, which has fostered patients being stigmatized and ostracized, and often being denied accommodation for their disability. Evidence-based education is essential to provide appropriate support and advocacy. Greater recognition of receptor-mediated biological mechanisms should be incorporated in laws, and regulation of environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Molot
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa ON Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa Canada.
| | - Margaret Sears
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa ON Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa Canada.
| | - Hymie Anisman
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa ON Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa Canada.
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3
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Molot J, Sears M, Marshall LM, Bray RI. Neurological susceptibility to environmental exposures: pathophysiological mechanisms in neurodegeneration and multiple chemical sensitivity. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:509-530. [PMID: 34529912 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization lists air pollution as one of the top five risks for developing chronic non-communicable disease, joining tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diets and physical inactivity. This review focuses on how host defense mechanisms against adverse airborne exposures relate to the probable interacting and overlapping pathophysiological features of neurodegeneration and multiple chemical sensitivity. Significant long-term airborne exposures can contribute to oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, transient receptor subfamily vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and subfamily ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) upregulation and sensitization, with impacts on olfactory and trigeminal nerve function, and eventual loss of brain mass. The potential for neurologic dysfunction, including decreased cognition, chronic pain and central sensitization related to airborne contaminants, can be magnified by genetic polymorphisms that result in less effective detoxification. Onset of neurodegenerative disorders is subtle, with early loss of brain mass and loss of sense of smell. Onset of MCS may be gradual following long-term low dose airborne exposures, or acute following a recognizable exposure. Upregulation of chemosensitive TRPV1 and TRPA1 polymodal receptors has been observed in patients with neurodegeneration, and chemically sensitive individuals with asthma, migraine and MCS. In people with chemical sensitivity, these receptors are also sensitized, which is defined as a reduction in the threshold and an increase in the magnitude of a response to noxious stimulation. There is likely damage to the olfactory system in neurodegeneration and trigeminal nerve hypersensitivity in MCS, with different effects on olfactory processing. The associations of low vitamin D levels and protein kinase activity seen in neurodegeneration have not been studied in MCS. Table 2 presents a summary of neurodegeneration and MCS, comparing 16 distinctive genetic, pathophysiological and clinical features associated with air pollution exposures. There is significant overlap, suggesting potential comorbidity. Canadian Health Measures Survey data indicates an overlap between neurodegeneration and MCS (p < 0.05) that suggests comorbidity, but the extent of increased susceptibility to the other condition is not established. Nevertheless, the pathways to the development of these conditions likely involve TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptors, and so it is hypothesized that manifestation of neurodegeneration and/or MCS and possibly why there is divergence may be influenced by polymorphisms of these receptors, among other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Molot
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, North York, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Riina I Bray
- Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kafeel S, Fawwad A, Basit A, Nawab SN. Clinical Association of Biochemical Variations Among Multilocus Genotypes of Antioxidant Enzymes with Susceptibility of Cataract in Hyperglycemia. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3871-3889. [PMID: 35556207 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia plays a pronounced role in accelerating the process of aging due to high oxidative stress which triggers dyslipidemia and subsequently led to the progression of cataract. The aim of this study was to investigate lipid profile and its relationship with genotypes of SOD1, GPX1, and CAT variants in cataract patients. Total n = 680 samples were screened in four groups: senile cataract (SC), diabetic cataract (DC), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and controls (CL). Lipid profile was estimated and compared between groups, and its correlation was tested with glycemic markers. Association of SOD1 50 bp Indel, GPX1 (rs1800668), and CAT (rs1001179) genotypes with all clinical variables was investigated in cataract groups by regression statistics in SPSS® 16.0. Comparative analysis revealed that amount of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein parameters were significantly higher in both groups of cataracts when compared with controls (p < 0.01). Statistically higher levels of triglycerides were also evident in DM patients as compared with other three groups (p < 0.01). Significant weak positive correlation of glycated hemoglobin, fasting (FBG), and random blood glucose (RBG) levels was observed with triglycerides in DM (r = 0.16), SC (r = 0.15), and DC (r = 0.18) groups. Mutant genotype of SOD1 and CAT variants indicated significant association with TC, whereas GPX1 variant with FBG levels in accelerating predisposition of cataract in patients with diabetes (OR > 1.0). Outcomes suggested that TG may serve as a potential biomarker of lipid profile with manifestation of cataract in type 2 DM. Furthermore, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia demonstrated an inducing role in the pathogenesis of cataract with aging in hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanober Kafeel
- Ziauddin University, Faculty of Engineering, Science, Technology and Management (ZUFESTM), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Block B, North Nazimabad, Karachi, F-10374600, Pakistan.,The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Main University Rd, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Asher Fawwad
- Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE), 1-2, II-B، Block 2 Nazimabad, Karachi, 74600, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, Baqai Medical University, 51, Deh Tor, Gadap Road, Near Toll Plaza, Super Highway, Karachi, 75340, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Basit
- Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE), 1-2, II-B، Block 2 Nazimabad, Karachi, 74600, Pakistan.,Department of Medicine, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, 75340, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Nuzhat Nawab
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Main University Rd, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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5
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Kafeel S, Hashim Z, Fawwad A, Nawab SN. Predisposition of SOD1, GPX1, CAT genetic variants and their haplotypes in cataractogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistan. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:623-632. [PMID: 35037135 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cataract formation is accelerated by hyperglycemia due to the excessive production of oxidative stress. This study aimed to examine the underlaying role of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) rs1800668, catalase (CAT) rs1001179 and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) 50 bp Indel promotor region variants in the pathogenesis of cataract in patients with diabetes. METHODS A population-based case-control study of n=680 individuals was conducted which comprised of four respective groups: type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic cataract, senile cataract patients and controls. Screening of genotypes was performed by allele-specific (AS) and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical testing was carried out using SPSS© 20.0, MedCal© and SNPStats© software's. Bioinformatics analysis of linkage disequilibrium was done by HaploView© software 7.0. RESULTS GPX1 (rs1800668) showed significant association with higher susceptibility of opacification in type 2 diabetes mellitus (χ2=23.0, Adjusted OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.05-2.49, p<0.001). A protective role was anticipated by CAT variant (rs1001179) for the development of resistance against the pathogenicity of cataract with diabetes (χ2 = 107, Adjusted OR=0.17, 95% CI: 0.10-0.29, p<0.001). Linkage disequilibrium (LD) plot of GPX1 and CAT variants revealed that CTC-CTT haplotypes demonstrated the presence of linkage (D'=1.0) and co-inheritance (LOD=13.84) in patients of diabetic cataract. CONCLUSIONS GPX1 (rs1800668) variant may serve as an antioxidant biomarker for the assessment of risk for cataract in type 2 diabetes mellitus. GPX1 enzyme owed an antioxidant activity which can reduce the oxidative stress and hence could develop resistance in cataractogenesis. The findings could be beneficial as a potential target to the future pharmacogenomic studies of cataract prevention and eradication in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanober Kafeel
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zehra Hashim
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Asher Fawwad
- Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE), Karachi, 74600, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, 75340, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Nuzhat Nawab
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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6
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Damiani G, Alessandrini M, Caccamo D, Cormano A, Guzzi G, Mazzatenta A, Micarelli A, Migliore A, Piroli A, Bianca M, Tapparo O, Pigatto PDM. Italian Expert Consensus on Clinical and Therapeutic Management of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111294. [PMID: 34769816 PMCID: PMC8582949 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a multisystem, recurrent, environmental disorder that flares in response to different exposures (i.e., pesticides, solvents, toxic metals and molds) under the threshold limit value (TLV) calculated for age and gender in the general population. MCS is a syndrome characterized by cutaneous, allergic, gastrointestinal, rheumatological, endocrinological, cardiological and neurological signs and symptoms. We performed a systematic review of the literature to summarize the current clinical and therapeutic evidence and then oriented an eDelphi consensus. Four main research domains were identified (diagnosis, treatment, hospitalization and emergency) and discussed by 10 experts and an MCS patient. Thus, the first Italian MCS consensus had the double aim: (a) to improve MCS knowledge among healthcare workers and patients by standardizing the clinical and therapeutic management to MCS patients; and (b) to improve and shed light on MCS misconceptions not supported by evidence-based medicine (EBM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Damiani
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Clinical Dermatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
- PhD Degree Program in Pharmacological Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Alessandrini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daniela Caccamo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences, & Morpho-Functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Andrea Cormano
- International Society of Doctors for Environment, 82100 Benevento, Italy;
| | - Gianpaolo Guzzi
- Italian Association for Metals and Biocompatibility Research—A.I.R.M.E.B., 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Andrea Mazzatenta
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Micarelli
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
- ITER Center for Balance and Rehabilitation Research (ICBRR), 02032 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Migliore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, San Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alba Piroli
- Department of MeSVA, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | | | | | - Paolo Daniele Maria Pigatto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Clinical Dermatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-5031-9971
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7
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Cannata A, De Luca C, Andolina G, Caccamo D, Currò M, Ferlazzo N, Ientile R, Alibrandi A, Korkina L. Influence of the SOD2 A16V gene polymorphism on alterations of redox markers and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid profiles in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity. Biomed Rep 2021; 15:101. [PMID: 34667598 PMCID: PMC8517758 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronically increased oxidative stress has been reported in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS). Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism of the gene coding for mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), namely the missense substitution A16V (C47>T) resulting in alteration of SOD2 enzyme activity, has been reported to be associated with MCS. However, the influence of SOD2 A16V genetic background on redox status of patients with MCS has not yet been investigated. Here, the results of a retrospective analysis aimed to evaluate the role of the SOD2 A16V polymorphism in the alterations of antioxidant defense markers as well as fatty acid (FA) composition of erythrocyte membranes in 67 patients with MCS matched with 55 healthy controls is reported. The mutated SOD2 V16 variant was observed more frequently in the MCS group compared with the control group, and this difference was statistically significant. The most common genotype in both groups was the heterozygous SOD2 AV16 variant, whereas the mutated SOD2 VV16 variant was more frequently observed in the MCS group, although the difference was not significant. The MCS cohort showed significantly depleted levels of plasma total antioxidant activity, ubiquinol, erythrocyte reduced glutathione and membrane polyunsaturated FA levels, coupled with significant increases in glutathione peroxidase activity, likely accounting for sustained detoxification from lipoperoxides. Notably, the highest levels of oxidative stress were found in patients with MCS bearing the genotype SOD2 AA16, whereas intermediate levels were found in patients bearing the heterozygous AV16 genotype. Healthy subjects bearing the SOD2 AA16 genotype also showed increased oxidative stress compared with carriers of other SOD2 genotypes. Despite the need for further confirmations in larger cohorts, due to MCS population genetic heterogeneity, these preliminary findings suggest that SOD2 defective activity makes certain patients with MCS more susceptible to developing oxidative stress following a chronic daily exposure to pro-oxidant insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Cannata
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, Polyclinic Hospital University 'G. Martino', I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Chiara De Luca
- R&D Regulatory Affairs Department, Medena AG, CH-8910 Affoltern-am-Albis (ZH), Switzerland
| | - Giulia Andolina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, Polyclinic Hospital University 'G. Martino', I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Caccamo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, Polyclinic Hospital University 'G. Martino', I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Monica Currò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, Polyclinic Hospital University 'G. Martino', I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Nadia Ferlazzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, Polyclinic Hospital University 'G. Martino', I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ientile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, Polyclinic Hospital University 'G. Martino', I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, Section of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Messina, I-98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Liudmila Korkina
- Centre of Innovative Biotechnological Investigations Nanolab (CIBI-NANOLAB), 119571 Moscow, Russian Federation
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8
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Mazzatenta A, Pokorski M, Di Giulio C. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath as a marker of hypoxia in multiple chemical sensitivity. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15034. [PMID: 34536058 PMCID: PMC8449310 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the history of diagnostics, breath analysis was one of the first method used until the breakthrough of biochemical testing technology. Today, breath analysis has made a comeback with the development of gas analyzers and e‐noses, demonstrating its power in its applicability for diagnosing a wide range of diseases. The physical basis of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), an emerging environmental disease, is difficult to understand because it is based on the scenario of chronic hypoxia, with a complex of chemical compounds that trigger the syndrome and result in multiple symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate MCS by analyzing exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The volatile, metabolic picture could be a putative gold standard for understanding and diagnosing the disease. The study was based on recording in resting condition using the noninvasive passive e‐nose contactless breath test, the Olfactory Real‐Time Volatile Organic Compounds (ORT‐VOC) test in MCS, and control samples. The VOCs profile distinguished between disease and health. It also distinguished the gender‐related volatile profile with significant robustness. The results trace a putative compensatory physiological pathway elicited by increased lactate, leading to acidosis, and hyperventilation, resulting in the production of specific VOCs. We conclude that breath testing is a valuable tool to investigate the hypoxia‐related VOC profile, facilitating MCS diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mazzatenta
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mieczyslaw Pokorski
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland.,Faculty of Health Sciences, The Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Camillo Di Giulio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Yamamoto M, Matsumoto T, Ohmori H, Takemoto M, Ikeda M, Sumimoto R, Kobayashi T, Kato A, Ohdan H. Effect of increased blood flow rate on renal anemia and hepcidin concentration in hemodialysis patients. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:221. [PMID: 34126941 PMCID: PMC8204539 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing the blood flow rate (BFR) is a useful method for increasing Kt/V and the clearance for low molecular solutes. Hemodialysis patients are often anemic due to hypoerythropoiesis and their chronic inflammatory state. Hepcidin, a hormone that regulates iron homeostasis, is considered as an indicator of iron deficiency in patients with end-stage renal disease. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an increased BFR during hemodialysis on serum hepcidin levels and anemia. Methods Between April 2014 and March 2016, 22 chronic dialysis patients (11 men [50.0 %]; mean [± standard deviation] age, 72 ± 12 years) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis treatment, thrice weekly, were enrolled and followed prospectively for 24 months. In April 2014, the BFR was 200 mL/min; in April 2015 this was increased to 400 mL/min, which was within acceptable limits. The dialysate flow rate remained stable at; 500mlL/min. Blood samples were collected in March 2015 and 2016. The primary endpoint was the comparison of the amounts of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) required. Results The increased BFR increased the Kt/V and contributed to significantly decreased urea nitrogen (UN) (p = 0.015) and creatinine (Cr) (p = 0.005) levels. The dialysis efficiency was improved by increasing the BFR. Ferritin (p = 0.038), hepcidin (p = 0.041) and high-sensitivity interleukin-6 (p = 0.038) levels were also significantly reduced. The ESA administered was significantly reduced (p = 0.004) and the Erythropoietin Resistant Index (ERI) significantly improved (p = 0.031). The reduction rates in UN (p < 0.001), Cr (p < 0.001), and beta-2 microglobulin (p = 0.017) levels were significantly greater post the BFR increase compared to those prior to the BFR increase. However, hepcidin was not affected by the BFR change. Conclusions Increasing BFR was associated with hemodialysis efficiency, and led to reduce inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6, but did not contribute to reduce C-reactive protein. This reduced hepcidin levels, ESA dosage and ERI. Hepcidin levels were significantly correlated with ferritin levels, and it remains to be seen whether reducing hepcidin leads to improve ESA and iron availability during anemia management. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-021-02426-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masateru Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Yanai Medical Center, 95 Ihonosho, Yanai, 742-1352, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomio Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Yanai Medical Center, 95 Ihonosho, Yanai, 742-1352, Yamaguchi, Japan.
| | - Hiromitsu Ohmori
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Yanai Medical Center, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masahiko Takemoto
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Yanai Medical Center, 95 Ihonosho, Yanai, 742-1352, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masanobu Ikeda
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Yanai Medical Center, 95 Ihonosho, Yanai, 742-1352, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ryo Sumimoto
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Yanai Medical Center, 95 Ihonosho, Yanai, 742-1352, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kato
- Blood Purification Unit, Hamamatsu University Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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10
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Shao X, Sun D, Zhang B, Cheng L, Yan C, Zhu G. Association between GPx-1 polymorphisms and personality traits in healthy Chinese-Han subjects. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01897. [PMID: 33070477 PMCID: PMC7749609 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cloninger developed the three-dimensional personality theory and Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), which shows that some dimensions of personality traits are heritable and related to neurotransmitters including dopamine. glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) plays an important role in metabolic dopamine change and closely relates to neurological and psychiatric disorders. The impact of GPx-1 polymorphisms has been rarely explored in the field of personality traits. We decide to explore the relationships between them in healthy Chinese-Han subjects by using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). METHODS In our study, 493 healthy Chinese-Han participants (male = 234, female = 259) were recruited. 2 ml of EDTA-treated blood from each volunteer was taken; meanwhile, personality traits were assessed by TPQ. We detected the genotypes of selected two polymorphisms through PCR-RFLP after extracting DNA. Finally, the association between different genotypes and TPQ scores was performed using SPSS, p < .05 is seen as significant statistical significance. RESULTS Our data found a correlation between rs1800668 and novelty seeking (NS) subscale NS2 (X2 = 7.392, p = .025). While the results showed the rs1050450 was significantly associated with NS4 (X2 = 6.059, p = .048). Regarding sex stratification, there was a significant difference in the NS2 score (X2 = 8.232, p = .016) among women for rs1800668. No sex effect was observed for either genotype for rs1050450. CONCLUSION GPx-1polymorphism is related to personality traits in healthy Chinese-Han subjects. Our results suggested that GPx-1 may be involved in the biological mechanisms and be a potential gene that influenced personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongxue Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bihui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingfei Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ci Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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He Q, Gu L, Lin Q, Ma Y, Liu C, Pei X, Li PA, Yang Y. The Immp2l Mutation Causes Ovarian Aging Through ROS-Wnt/β-Catenin-Estrogen Pathway: Preventive Effect of Melatonin. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5870341. [PMID: 32652035 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play important roles in ovarian follicle development. Mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial gene deficiency, impairs ovarian development. Here, we explored the role and mechanism of mitochondrial inner membrane gene Immp2l in ovarian follicle growth and development. Our results revealed that female Immp2l-/- mice were infertile, whereas Immp2l+/- mice were normal. Body and ovarian weights were reduced in the female Immp2l-/- mice, ovarian follicle growth and development were stunted in the secondary follicle stage. Although a few ovarian follicles were ovulated, the oocytes were not fertilized because of mitochondrial dysfunction. Increased oxidative stress, decreased estrogen levels, and altered genes expression of Wnt/β-catenin and steroid hormone synthesis pathways were observed in 28-day-old Immp2l-/- mice. The Immp2l mutation accelerated ovarian aging process, as no ovarian follicles were detected by age 5 months in Immp2l-/- mice. All the aforementioned changes in the Immp2l-/- mice were reversed by administration of antioxidant melatonin to the Immp2l-/- mice. Furthermore, our in vitro study using Immp2l knockdown granulosa cells confirmed that the Immp2l downregulation induced granulosa cell aging by enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, suppressing Wnt16, increasing β-catenin, and decreasing steroid hormone synthesis gene cyp19a1 and estrogen levels, accompanied by an increase in the aging phenotype of granulosa cells. Melatonin treatment delayed granulosa cell aging progression. Taken together, Immp2l causes ovarian aging through the ROS-Wnt/β-catenin-estrogen (cyp19a1) pathway, which can be reversed by melatonin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Department of Center for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Department of Center for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Qingyin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Department of Center for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Department of Center for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Chunlian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Department of Center for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Xiuying Pei
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Department of Center for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - P Andy Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yanzhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Department of Center for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
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12
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Cannata A, De Luca C, Korkina LG, Ferlazzo N, Ientile R, Currò M, Andolina G, Caccamo D. The SNP rs2298383 Reduces ADORA2A Gene Transcription and Positively Associates with Cytokine Production by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Patients with Multiple Chemical Sensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051858. [PMID: 32182774 PMCID: PMC7084623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation and immune activation are striking features of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS). The rs2298383 SNP of ADORA2A gene, coding for adenosine receptor type 2A (A2AR), has been involved in aberrant immune activation. Here we aimed to assess the prevalence of this SNP in 279 MCS patients and 238 healthy subjects, and its influence on ADORA2A, IFNG and IL4 transcript amounts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of randomly selected patients (n = 70) and controls (n = 66) having different ADORA2A genotypes. The ADORA2A rs2298383 TT mutated genotype, significantly more frequent in MCS patients than in controls, was associated with a three-fold increased risk for MCS (O.R. = 2.86; C.I. 95% 1.99–4.12, p < 0.0001), while the CT genotype, highly prevalent among controls, resulted to be protective (O.R. = 0.33; C.I. 95% 0.224–0.475, p < 0.0001). Notably, ADORA2A mRNA levels were significantly lower, while IFNG, but not IL4, mRNA levels were significantly higher in TT MCS patients compared with controls. A significant negative correlation was found between ADORA2A and both IFNG and IL4, while a significant positive correlation was found between IFNG and IL4. These findings suggest that A2AR defective signaling may play a relevant role in PBMC shift towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype in MCS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Cannata
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, Messina 989125, Italy; (A.C.); (N.F.); (R.I.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Chiara De Luca
- R & D Regulatory Affairs Department, Medena AG, Affoltern-am-Albis (ZH) CH-8910, Switzerland;
| | - Liudmila G. Korkina
- Centre of Innovative Biotechnological Investigations Nanolab (CIBI-NANOLAB), Moscow 119571, Russia;
| | - Nadia Ferlazzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, Messina 989125, Italy; (A.C.); (N.F.); (R.I.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Riccardo Ientile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, Messina 989125, Italy; (A.C.); (N.F.); (R.I.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Monica Currò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, Messina 989125, Italy; (A.C.); (N.F.); (R.I.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Giulia Andolina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, Messina 989125, Italy; (A.C.); (N.F.); (R.I.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Daniela Caccamo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, Messina 989125, Italy; (A.C.); (N.F.); (R.I.); (M.C.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: Review of the State of the Art in Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Future Perspectives. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 60:138-146. [PMID: 29111991 PMCID: PMC5794238 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systematic bibliography analysis of about the last 17 years on multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) was carried out in order to detect new diagnostic and epidemiological evidence. The MCS is a complex syndrome that manifests as a result of exposure to a low level of various common contaminants. The etiology, diagnosis, and treatment are still debated among researchers. METHOD Querying PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane library, both using some specific MESH terms combined with MESH subheadings and through free search, even by Google. RESULTS The studies were analyzed by verifying 1) the typology of study design; 2) criteria for case definition; 3) presence of attendances in the emergency departments and hospital admissions, and 4) analysis of the risk factors. OUTLOOK With this review, we give some general considerations and hypothesis for possible future research.
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14
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The cortico-rubral and cerebello-rubral pathways are topographically organized within the human red nucleus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12117. [PMID: 31431648 PMCID: PMC6702172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Red Nucleus (RN) is a large nucleus located in the ventral midbrain: it is subdivided into a small caudal magnocellular part (mRN) and a large rostral parvocellular part (pRN). These distinct structural regions are part of functionally different networks and show distinctive connectivity features: the mRN is connected to the interposed nucleus, whilst the pRN is mainly connected to dentate nucleus, cortex and inferior olivary complex. Despite functional neuroimaging studies suggest RN involvement in complex motor and higher order functions, the pRN and mRN cannot be distinguished using conventional MRI. Herein, we employ high-quality structural and diffusion MRI data of 100 individuals from the Human Connectome Project repository and constrained spherical deconvolution tractography to perform connectivity-based segmentation of the human RN. In particular, we tracked connections of RN with the inferior olivary complex, the interposed nucleus, the dentate nucleus and the cerebral cortex. We found that the RN can be subdivided according to its connectivity into two clusters: a large ventrolateral one, mainly connected with the cerebral cortex and the inferior olivary complex, and a smaller dorsomedial one, mainly connected with the interposed nucleus. This structural topography strongly reflects the connectivity patterns of pRN and mRN respectively. Structural connectivity-based segmentation could represent a useful tool for the identification of distinct subregions of the human red nucleus on 3T MRI thus allowing a better evaluation of this subcortical structure in healthy and pathological conditions.
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D'Attis S, Massari S, Mazzei F, Maio D, Vergallo I, Mauro S, Minelli M, Bozzetti MP. Assessment of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 Polymorphisms in Allergic Patients with Chemical Sensitivity. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 179:173-186. [PMID: 30943525 DOI: 10.1159/000497322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-reported chemical sensitivity (SCS) is characterized by adverse effects due to exposure to low levels of chemical substances. The clinical manifestations of SCS are similar to the allergy, and a high percentage of individuals with both diseases have been found. Various genes, especially genes of importance to the metabolism of xenobiotic compounds, have been associated with SCS. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate whether allergic individuals with chemical sensitivity differed from allergic patients without chemical sensitivity with regard to the distribution of genotype and phenotype of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 polymorphisms. METHODS A total of 180 patients were enrolled for this study. A questionnaire was employed to collect information on individual chemical sensitivity, while the Skin prick test and the PATCH test were used to verify the presence of an allergic condition against inhalants or contact allergens, respectively. For the evaluation of the CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 polymorphisms, we used a strategy based on the amplification of the entire gene coupled to direct genomic DNA sequencing analysis. RESULTS Overall, a total of 15 different CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 haplotypes were identified in our population. If the 5 CYP2C9 and the 2 CYP2C19 identified alleles correspond to the previously described ones, 4 of the 8 CYP2D6 haplotypes, detected in the study group, present new SNPs combinations. These new suballeles were categorized as CYP2D6*2M Sa-lento Variant 1, CYP2D6*35B Salento Variant 2, CYP2D6*41 Salento Variant 3, and CYP2D6*4P Salento Variant 4 due to the presence of the key SNPs 2,850 C>T, 31G>A, 2,988 G>A, and 1,846 G>A, respectively. When the allergic individuals are divided into 2 groups according to their SCS score, we observed that the distribution of the CYP2D6 phenotypes was significantly different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Our idea is that the application of the questionnaire that we have adopted has enabled us to diagnose a degree of chemical sensitivity, which results as comorbid of the allergic disease and in which a condition of poor or intermediate metabolizes for the detrimental CYP2D6 alleles, could represent a discriminant between the chemical sensitivity and the health state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona D'Attis
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Serafina Massari
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesca Mazzei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Dominga Maio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy.,POLISMAIL Unità Specialistica Malattie Allergiche and Immunologiche, Lecce, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vergallo
- POLISMAIL Unità Specialistica Malattie Allergiche and Immunologiche, Lecce, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mauro
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, ASL-Vito Fazzi Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mauro Minelli
- POLISMAIL Unità Specialistica Malattie Allergiche and Immunologiche, Lecce, Italy.,Unità di Cura "IMID Unit" per le Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Immuno-mediate e Ambiente-correlate, Presidio di Campi Salentina, Lecce, Italy.,Università Telematica Pegaso, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Bozzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy,
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16
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Watson-Wright C, Queiroz P, Rodrigues S, Donaghey TC, Brain JD, Molina RM. Repeated pulmonary exposures to zinc ions enhance inflammatory responses to subsequent metal exposures. Exp Lung Res 2018; 44:252-261. [PMID: 30295553 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2018.1517837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY Metal contaminants contribute to adverse human health effects via acute and chronic exposures. Acute metal exposures followed by prolonged secondary metal exposures may elicit exaggerated inflammatory responses in certain individuals. The aim of this study is to determine whether repeated pulmonary exposures to zinc chloride (ZnCl2) alter subsequent responses to zinc or cerium exposures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were intratracheally (IT) instilled with physiologic saline (n = 24) or 0.05 mg/kg ZnCl2 (n = 16) twice weekly for 4 weeks. Four days after last dosing, the saline group was divided into three subgroups, each IT-instilled with either saline, ZnCl2 or CeCl3 (both at 0.1 mg/kg). The ZnCl2 pre-instilled rats were divided into two subgroups, each instilled with 0.1 mg/kg ZnCl2 or CeCl3. Biomarkers of lung injury/inflammation were assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid collected 24 hours later. Oxidative stress was evaluated as total and reduced glutathione in BAL. RESULTS Increases in inflammatory cells, LDH, albumin, leptin, MCP-1, IP-10, fractalkine, TNFα and RANTES were observed in rats instilled with multiple PBS and then with 0.1 mg/kg ZnCl2 and CeCl3. However, rats pre-exposed repeatedly to 0.05 mg/kg ZnCl2 and then challenged with 0.1 mg/kg ZnCl2 or CeCl3 showed even more eosinophils, lymphocytes, and increased concentrations of hemoglobin and MIP-1α. Significant reduction in GSH/GSSG ratios in BAL in response to all ZnCl2 or CeCl3 exposures indicated oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Previous exposure to zinc ions increases responsiveness to subsequent exposures to zinc and cerium ions. These findings suggest enhanced sensitization possibly due to a reduction in antioxidant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Watson-Wright
- a Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Priscila Queiroz
- a Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Sylvia Rodrigues
- a Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Thomas C Donaghey
- a Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Joseph D Brain
- a Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Ramon M Molina
- a Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
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17
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The Oxidative Stress Response in Elite Water Polo Players: Effects of Genetic Background. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7019694. [PMID: 28744469 PMCID: PMC5514327 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7019694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Acute exercise is known to induce oxidative stress. Here we assessed the effects of gene polymorphisms SOD2 A16V, CAT −844 G>A, and GPx-1 rs1800668 C>T on oxidative stress markers in 28 elite water polo male players prior to and after a routinely programmed friendly match. The mean plasma concentrations of derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (dROMs), as well as lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, creatine kinase (CK) activity, CK-MB, and myoglobin, were significantly increased after exercise, while blood antioxidant potential (BAP) and total free thiols were significantly decreased, compared with those measured before exercise. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were also increased after exercise but not significantly. We observed that water polo players having either AV16 or VV16 SOD genotype exhibited a significant increase of postexercise AOPP, LDH, CK, and myoglobin plasma levels in comparison with wild-type athletes. Water polo players having either CAT −844 GA or GPx1 CT genotype showed a significant increase of postexercise dROMs plasma levels and, respectively, GPx and CAT enzyme activities in comparison with wild-type subjects. These preliminary results suggest that the screening for gene variants of antioxidant enzymes could be useful to assess individual susceptibility to oxidative stress and muscle damage in water polo players.
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18
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Comet assay: an essential tool in toxicological research. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2315-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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19
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Bijlsma N, Cohen MM. Environmental Chemical Assessment in Clinical Practice: Unveiling the Elephant in the Room. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:181. [PMID: 26848668 PMCID: PMC4772201 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests chemicals present in air, water, soil, food, building materials and household products are toxicants that contribute to the many chronic diseases typically seen in routine medical practice. Yet, despite calls from numerous organisations to provide clinicians with more training and awareness in environmental health, there are multiple barriers to the clinical assessment of toxic environmental exposures. Recent developments in the fields of systems biology, innovative breakthroughs in biomedical research encompassing the "-omics" fields, and advances in mobile sensing, peer-to-peer networks and big data, provide tools that future clinicians can use to assess environmental chemical exposures in their patients. There is also a need for concerted action at all levels, including actions by individual patients, clinicians, medical educators, regulators, government and non-government organisations, corporations and the wider civil society, to understand the "exposome" and minimise the extent of toxic exposures on current and future generations. Clinical environmental chemical risk assessment may provide a bridge between multiple disciplines that uses new technologies to herald in a new era in personalised medicine that unites clinicians, patients and civil society in the quest to understand and master the links between the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bijlsma
- School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Marc M Cohen
- School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
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