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Fan X, Zang C, Lao K, Mu XH, Dai S. Neuroprotective effects of tetramethylpyrazine on spinal cord injury-Related neuroinflammation mediated by P2X7R/NLRP3 interaction. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 964:176267. [PMID: 38072038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The inflammatory response is acknowledged as a crucial pathological aspect of spinal cord injury (SCI). Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) has been demonstrated to possess neuroprotective properties within the central nervous system via its anti-inflammatory mechanisms. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism by which TMP alleviates SCI from an anti-inflammatory standpoint. METHODS The SCI model was established using the MASCIS impactor device. The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale was utilised to assess rat locomotion. Nissl and Golgi staining were used to observe neuron and dendritic spine morphology, respectively. A transmission electron microscope was used to observe the microcosmic morphology of the axon. ELISA kits were used to measure the concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 in the spinal cord. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect P2X7R+/IBA-1+ cells, and Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to analyze the protein and mRNA expression of P2X7R in the spinal cord. Additionally, Western blot was used to detect NLRP3 and Cleaved-Caspase-1 (p20), the critical proteins in the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. RESULTS TMP ameliorated the microcosmic morphology of the axon and had an inhibitory effect on the concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 after SCI. Furthermore, TMP inhibited the expression of both P2X7R and critical proteins of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway on microglia after SCI. The aforementioned effects of TMP exhibit similarities to those of BBG (P2X7R antagonist); however, they can be effectively reversed by BzATP (P2X7R activator). CONCLUSION TMP alleviated SCI via reducing tissue damage, neuroinflammation, and the expression of P2X7R, NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fan
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chunyan Zang
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Kecheng Lao
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Mu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shiyou Dai
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China.
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2
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Yang B, Yu N. Traditional Chinese medicine alleviating neuropathic pain targeting purinergic receptor P2 in purinergic signaling: A review. Brain Res Bull 2023; 204:110800. [PMID: 37913850 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Past studies have suggested that Chinese herbal may alleviate neuropathic pain, and the mechanism might target the inhibition of purinergic receptor P2. This review discusses whether traditional Chinese medicine target P2 receptors in neuropathic pain and its mechanism in order to provide references for future clinical drug development. The related literatures were searched from Pubmed, Embase, Sinomed, and CNKI databases before June 2023. The search terms included"neuropathic pain", "purinergic receptor P2", "P2", "traditional Chinese medicine", "Chinese herbal medicine", and "herb". We described the traditional Chinese medicine alleviating neuropathic pain via purinergic receptor P2 signaling pathway including P2X2/3 R, P2X3R, P2X4R, P2X7R, P2Y1R. Inhibition of activating glial cells, changing synaptic transmission, increasing painful postsynaptic potential, and activating inflammatory signaling pathways maybe the mechanism. Purine receptor P2 can mediate the occurrence of neuropathic pain. And many of traditional Chinese medicines can target P2 receptors to relieve neuropathic pain, which provides reasonable evidences for the future development of drugs. Also, the safety and efficacy and mechanism need more in-depth experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Center for Psychosomatic Medicine,Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health,Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611135, China
| | - Nengwei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
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3
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Yin Y, Wei L, Caseley EA, Lopez‐Charcas O, Wei Y, Li D, Muench SP, Roger S, Wang L, Jiang L. Leveraging the ATP-P2X7 receptor signalling axis to alleviate traumatic CNS damage and related complications. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1346-1373. [PMID: 36924449 PMCID: PMC10947395 DOI: 10.1002/med.21952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is an exceptional member of the P2X purinergic receptor family, with its activation requiring high concentrations of extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) that are often associated with tissue damage and inflammation. In the central nervous system (CNS), it is highly expressed in glial cells, particularly in microglia. In this review, we discuss the role and mechanisms of the P2X7 receptor in mediating neuroinflammation and other pathogenic events in a variety of traumatic CNS damage conditions, which lead to loss of neurological and cognitive functions. We raise the perspective on the steady progress in developing CNS-penetrant P2X7 receptor-specific antagonists that leverage the ATP-P2X7 receptor signaling axis as a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate traumatic CNS damage and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Yin
- Sino‐UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Linyu Wei
- Sino‐UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Emily A. Caseley
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Osbaldo Lopez‐Charcas
- EA4245, Transplantation, Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ToursToursFrance
| | - Yingjuan Wei
- Sino‐UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Dongliang Li
- Sino‐UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Steve P. Muench
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Sebastian Roger
- EA4245, Transplantation, Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ToursToursFrance
| | - Lu Wang
- Sino‐UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Lin‐Hua Jiang
- Sino‐UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
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4
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Doelman AW, Streijger F, Majerus SJA, Damaser MS, Kwon BK. Assessing Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury: Animal Models in Preclinical Neuro-Urology Research. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1539. [PMID: 37371634 PMCID: PMC10294962 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenic bladder dysfunction is a condition that affects both bladder storage and voiding function and remains one of the leading causes of morbidity after spinal cord injury (SCI). The vast majority of individuals with severe SCI develop neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD), with symptoms ranging from neurogenic detrusor overactivity, detrusor sphincter dyssynergia, or sphincter underactivity depending on the location and extent of the spinal lesion. Animal models are critical to our fundamental understanding of lower urinary tract function and its dysfunction after SCI, in addition to providing a platform for the assessment of potential therapies. Given the need to develop and evaluate novel assessment tools, as well as therapeutic approaches in animal models of SCI prior to human translation, urodynamics assessment techniques have been implemented to measure NLUTD function in a variety of animals, including rats, mice, cats, dogs and pigs. In this narrative review, we summarize the literature on the use of animal models for cystometry testing in the assessment of SCI-related NLUTD. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various animal models, and opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W. Doelman
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (A.W.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Femke Streijger
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (A.W.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Steve J. A. Majerus
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Margot S. Damaser
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Brian K. Kwon
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (A.W.D.); (F.S.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
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5
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Shimizu N, Saito T, Wada N, Hashimoto M, Shimizu T, Kwon J, Cho KJ, Saito M, Karnup S, de Groat WC, Yoshimura N. Molecular Mechanisms of Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7885. [PMID: 37175592 PMCID: PMC10177842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides a synopsis of current progress made in fundamental studies of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) after spinal cord injury (SCI) above the sacral level. Animal models of SCI allowed us to examine the effects of SCI on the micturition control and the underlying neurophysiological processes of SCI-induced LUTD. Urine storage and elimination are the two primary functions of the LUT, which are governed by complicated regulatory mechanisms in the central and peripheral nervous systems. These neural systems control the action of two functional units in the LUT: the urinary bladder and an outlet consisting of the bladder neck, urethral sphincters, and pelvic-floor striated muscles. During the storage phase, the outlet is closed, and the bladder is inactive to maintain a low intravenous pressure and continence. In contrast, during the voiding phase, the outlet relaxes, and the bladder contracts to facilitate adequate urine flow and bladder emptying. SCI disrupts the normal reflex circuits that regulate co-ordinated bladder and urethral sphincter function, leading to involuntary and inefficient voiding. Following SCI, a spinal micturition reflex pathway develops to induce an overactive bladder condition following the initial areflexic phase. In addition, without proper bladder-urethral-sphincter coordination after SCI, the bladder is not emptied as effectively as in the normal condition. Previous studies using animal models of SCI have shown that hyperexcitability of C-fiber bladder afferent pathways is a fundamental pathophysiological mechanism, inducing neurogenic LUTD, especially detrusor overactivity during the storage phase. SCI also induces neurogenic LUTD during the voiding phase, known as detrusor sphincter dyssynergia, likely due to hyperexcitability of Aδ-fiber bladder afferent pathways rather than C-fiber afferents. The molecular mechanisms underlying SCI-induced LUTD are multifactorial; previous studies have identified significant changes in the expression of various molecules in the peripheral organs and afferent nerves projecting to the spinal cord, including growth factors, ion channels, receptors and neurotransmitters. These findings in animal models of SCI and neurogenic LUTD should increase our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of LUTD after SCI for the future development of novel therapies for SCI patients with LUTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Shimizu
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (N.S.)
- Pelvic Floor Center, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan
| | - Tetsuichi Saito
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (N.S.)
| | - Naoki Wada
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (N.S.)
| | - Mamoru Hashimoto
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (N.S.)
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (N.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan
| | - Joonbeom Kwon
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (N.S.)
| | - Kang Jun Cho
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (N.S.)
| | - Motoaki Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan
| | - Sergei Karnup
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - William C. de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (N.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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6
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Ferreira A, Nascimento D, Cruz CD. Molecular Mechanism Operating in Animal Models of Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity: A Systematic Review Focusing on Bladder Dysfunction of Neurogenic Origin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043273. [PMID: 36834694 PMCID: PMC9959149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) is a severe lower urinary tract disorder, characterized by urinary urgency, retention, and incontinence, as a result of a neurologic lesion that results in damage in neuronal pathways controlling micturition. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive framework of the currently used animal models for the investigation of this disorder, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of NDO. An electronic search was performed with PubMed and Scopus for literature describing animal models of NDO used in the last 10 years. The search retrieved 648 articles, of which reviews and non-original articles were excluded. After careful selection, 51 studies were included for analysis. Spinal cord injury (SCI) was the most frequently used model to study NDO, followed by animal models of neurodegenerative disorders, meningomyelocele, and stroke. Rats were the most commonly used animal, particularly females. Most studies evaluated bladder function through urodynamic methods, with awake cystometry being particularly preferred. Several molecular mechanisms have been identified, including changes in inflammatory processes, regulation of cell survival, and neuronal receptors. In the NDO bladder, inflammatory markers, apoptosis-related factors, and ischemia- and fibrosis-related molecules were found to be upregulated. Purinergic, cholinergic, and adrenergic receptors were downregulated, as most neuronal markers. In neuronal tissue, neurotrophic factors, apoptosis-related factors, and ischemia-associated molecules are increased, as well as markers of microglial and astrocytes at lesion sites. Animal models of NDO have been crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction. Despite the heterogeneity of animal models for NDO onset, most studies rely on traumatic SCI models rather than other NDO-driven pathologies, which may result in some issues when translating pre-clinical observations to clinical settings other than SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ferreira
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S and IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Nascimento
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia Duarte Cruz
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S and IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220426740; Fax: +351-225513655
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7
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Wei Y, Li W, Yang S, Zhong P, Bi Y, Tang Y. Noise exposure and its relationship with postinfarction cardiac remodeling: implications for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12127-12140. [PMID: 35575239 PMCID: PMC9275894 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2073126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, high-decibel noise has emerged as a causative risk factor for ischemic heart disease. Massive noise overdose is associated with increased endocrine, neural, and immune stress responses. The NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome, the most characterized supramolecular complex and a potent mediator of inflammatory signaling, has been reported to be a marker of increased ischemic heart disease vulnerability. Our study evaluated the association of noise exposure with postinfarction cardiac remodeling and its effect on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Rats were exposed to a noisy environment (14 days, 24 h/per day, 70 ± 5 dB), and speck formation by the NLRP3 inflammasome scaffold protein ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein) was assessed by confocal immunofluorescence. Echocardiography, pathological analysis, and in vivo electrophysiology were performed. Our results revealed the improved postinfarction cardiac function, mitigated fibrosis, and decreased arrhythmia vulnerability and sympathetic sprouting in low-environment noise groups. Moreover, western blotting of NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β, and IL-18 and confocal microscopy of ASC speck showed that the priming and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome were higher in the NE group than in the NI group. In conclusion, our findings reveal a previously unidentified association between NLRP3 inflammasome activation and noise exposure, underscoring the significance of effective noise prevention in improving postinfarction prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yingying Bi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Kwon J, Lee EJ, Park HR, Cho HJ, Jang JA, Yang H, An J, Park D, Kim YJ, Hur KJ, Kim JS, Yoshimura N. Continuous administration of mirabegron has advantages in inhibition of central sensitization compared with short-term treatment cessation in a mouse model of overactive bladder. Neurourol Urodyn 2022; 41:1355-1363. [PMID: 35556260 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS There is no clear pathophysiologic evidence determining how long overactive bladder (OAB) medication should be continued. We, therefore, investigated the effect of mirabegron using cessation (CES) or continuation (CON) treatment in an OAB animal model. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (N = 8 each): Sham, OAB, CES, and CON groups. The OAB-like condition was induced by three times weekly intravesical instillations of KCl mixture with hyaluronidase. After the last intravesical instillation for inducing OAB, mirabegron (2 mg/kg/day) was administered in CES and CON groups for 10 and 20 days, respectively. Final experiments were carried out on 20 days from the last intravesical instillation in all groups. After cystometry, mRNA levels of bladder muscarinic, β-adrenergic, and P2X purinergic receptors were measured to investigate bladder efferent and afferent activity. In addition, mRNA levels of CCL2 and CCR2 in L6-S1 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were measured to assess afferent sensitization. Immunofluorescent staining of CX3CR1, GFAP, and CCR2 in the L6 spinal cord was also conducted to investigate glial activation and central sensitization. RESULTS OAB mice showed bladder overactivity evidenced by decreased intercontraction interval (3.56 ± 0.51 vs. 5.76 ± 0.95 min in sham mice), increased non-voiding contractions (0.39 ± 0.11 vs. 0.13 ± 0.07/min in sham mice), and inefficient voiding (72.1 ± 8.6% vs. 87.1 ± 9.5% in sham mice). Increased M2, M3, β2, β3, P2X2 , P2X3 , P2X4 , and P2X7 levels in the bladder and increased CCL2 and CCR2 in DRG indicate bladder efferent and afferent hyperexcitability. In addition, CX3CR1, GFAP, and CCR2 in the L6 spinal cord were upregulated in OAB mice. However, the CON group exhibited reduced β2, β3, P2X2 , P2X3 , P2X4 , and P2X7 levels in the bladder, reduced CCL2 and CCR2 in DRG, which are markers of afferent hyperexcitability, and reduced immunoreactivities of CX3CR1, GFAP, and CCR2 in the L6 spinal cord, which are markers of the central sensitization. Moreover, the CON group showed better improvements in nonvoiding contractions (0.16 ± 0.09 vs. 0.44 ± 0.17/min) and voiding efficiency (93.9 ± 7.4% vs. 76.5 ± 13.1%) and reductions in bladder β3 receptors and CCL2 of L6-S1 DRG, and immunoreactivities of CX3CR1 and GFAP in the L6 spinal cord compared to the CES group. CONCLUSIONS Continuous mirabegron treatment seems to prevent central sensitization and, thus, might be desirable for long-term disease control of OAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonbeom Kwon
- Department of Urology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.,Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Lee
- Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hye-Ri Park
- Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Cho
- Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Jang
- Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyoungoh Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jihyun An
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Donghwi Park
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Joo Kim
- Department of Urology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Jae Hur
- Department of Urology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae-Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Taidi Z, Mansfield KJ, Sana-Ur-Rehman H, Moore KH, Liu L. Protective Effect of Purinergic P2X7 Receptor Inhibition on Acrolein-Induced Urothelial Cell Damage. Front Physiol 2022; 13:885545. [PMID: 35492615 PMCID: PMC9041750 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.885545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide experience cystitis due to excretion of a toxic metabolite, acrolein. Cystitis, an inflammation of the bladder, is associated with damage to the integrity of the urothelial barrier. The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is increasingly recognized for its role in inflammation and cell death. P2X7R is expressed abundantly on the bladder urothelium. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of P2X7R in acrolein-induced inflammatory damage in primary cultured porcine bladder urothelial cells. Confluent urothelial cells in culture were treated with acrolein to induce damage; also, with the P2X7R selective antagonist, A804598. Cell viability assay, immunocytochemistry, and trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) studies were carried out to investigate the effect of treatments on urothelial cell function. Acrolein induced a significant reduction in urothelial cell viability, which was protected by the presence of A804598 (10 µM). The urothelial barrier function, indicated by TEER values, was also significantly reduced by acrolein, whereas pre-incubation with P2X7R antagonist significantly protected the urothelial cell barrier from acrolein-induced TEER reduction. The structure of urothelial cell tight junctions was similarly impacted by acrolein treatment, showing the fragmentation of zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) immunoreactivity. Pre-treatment of cells with A804598 countered against the actions of acrolein and maintained ZO-1 expression level and cell structure. The damaging effect of acrolein on urothelial cells integrity could be impaired by inhibition of P2X7R, therefore P2X7R blockade may be a possible therapy in patients with bladder cystitis caused by cyclophosphamide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinoos Taidi
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kylie J. Mansfield
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kate H. Moore
- St George Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Lu Liu,
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10
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Vamour N, Dequirez PL, Seguier D, Vermersch P, De Wachter S, Biardeau X. Early interventions to prevent lower urinary tract dysfunction after spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Spinal Cord 2022; 60:382-394. [PMID: 35379959 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-022-00784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. OBJECTIVES To synthetise the available scientific literature reporting early interventions to prevent neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) after acute supra-sacral spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS The present systematic review is reported according to the PRISMA guidelines and identified articles published through April 2021 in the PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect and Scopus databases with terms for early interventions to prevent NLUTD after SCI. Abstract and full-text screenings were performed by three reviewers independently, while two reviewers performed data extraction independently. An article was considered relevant if it assessed: an in-vivo model of supra-sacral SCI, including a group undergoing an early intervention compared with at least one control group, and reporting clinical, urodynamic, biological and/or histological data. RESULTS Of the 30 studies included in the final synthesis, 9 focused on neurotransmission, 2 on the inflammatory response, 10 on neurotrophicity, 9 on electrical nerve modulation and 1 on multi-system neuroprosthetic training. Overall, 29/30 studies reported significant improvement in urodynamic parameters, for both the storage and the voiding phase. These findings were often associated with substantial modifications at the bladder and spinal cord level, including up/downregulation of neurotransmitters and receptors expression, neural proliferation or axonal sprouting and a reduction of inflammatory response and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The present review supports the concept of early interventions to prevent NLUTD after supra-sacral SCI, allowing for the emergence of a potential preventive approach in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patrick Vermersch
- Univ. Lille, Inserm UMR-S1172 LilNCog, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, CHU Lille, FHU Precise, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Stefan De Wachter
- Department of Urology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy and Research Centre (ASTARC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wlrijk, Belgium
| | - Xavier Biardeau
- Univ. Lille, Inserm UMR-S1172 LilNCog, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
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11
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Li J, Huang J, Chen L, Ren W, Cai W. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells contribute to the reconstruction of bladder function after acute spinal cord injury via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4844-4856. [PMID: 35152833 PMCID: PMC8973731 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2036397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between spinal cord injury (SCI) and bladder symptoms has been intensively described. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) treatment is beneficial to the recovery of bladder function after SCI, but its mechanism is unclear. We established an SCI model, and prepared hUC-MSCs in advance, followed by verification using flow cytometry. The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) score and urodynamic index were employed to evaluate motor function and bladder functions, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, luxol fast blue staining, and Masson's trichrome staining were utilized to assess pathological changes. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to determine the mRNA and protein expressions in bladder tissues. The immunophenotypes of the HUC-MSCs were CD90+ and CD105+, but CD34-, CD45- and HLA-DR-. Rats appeared severe motor dysfunction after SCI, but the BBB score was increased in hUC-MSCs after the second week. Pathologically, the improvement of the lesion area on the dorsal spinal cord, augmented anterior gray horn neuron cells of the spinal cord and lessened bladder tissue remodeling (fibrosis, collagen deposition) as well as modulated inflammation could be observed. Besides, SCI increased bladder weight, bladder capacity, urine volume and residual urine volume, and decreased urination efficiency. HUC-MSCs ameliorated SCI-induced pathological changes and bladder functions, the expressions of Collagen I, Collagen III, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), phospho-p38, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, Toll-like receptor 4 and phospho-nuclear factor-kappa B (p-NF-κB). To sum up, HUC-MSCs contribute to the reconstruction of bladder function after SCI by repressing p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Li
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518101, P.R. China
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jiliang Huang
- Reproductive Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 515041, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518101, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518101, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhi Cai
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518101, P.R. China
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P.R. China
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12
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Wang G, Chen S, Shao Z, Li Y, Wang W, Mao L, Li J, Mei X. Metformin alleviates hydrogen peroxide-induced inflammation and oxidative stress via inhibiting P2X7R signaling in spinal cord tissue cells neurons. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:768-774. [PMID: 33201730 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, the first medication that is often prescribed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, was recently found to be neuroprotective. To study the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of metformin, we pretreated primary spinal cord neurons with 50 µM or 100 µM metformin for 2 h prior to treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for up to 48 h. Our results showed that H2O2 increased the expression of purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2X7R) in spinal cord neurons, which promoted the downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines release and oxidative stress. We found that metformin could reverse these pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative effects of H2O2. Besides, P2X7R knockdown by siRNA suppressed H2O2-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine release and oxidative stress response. In conclusion, our results show that metformin can alleviate H2O2-induced inflammation and oxidative stress via modulating the P2X7R signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, 121000, China
- Department of Orthopedic, Maanshan People's Hospital, Ma'anshan City, China
| | - Shurui Chen
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, 121000, China
| | - Zhenya Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, 121000, China
| | - Yankun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, 121000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, 121000, China
| | - Liang Mao
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Orthopedic, Maanshan People's Hospital, Ma'anshan City, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, 121000, China
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Voiding Dysfunction in Old Male Rats Associated With Enlarged Prostate and Irregular Afferent-Triggered Reflex Responses. Int Neurourol J 2020; 24:258-269. [PMID: 33017896 PMCID: PMC7538283 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2040114.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that an enlarged prostate in old rats may lead to complications associated with voiding dysfunction involving ionotropic P2X2/3-type purinergic receptors Methods Intact animals were divided into male young (MYR; 8–10 weeks old) and male old (MOR; 20 months old) rats. The animals underwent simultaneous detrusor electromyography (EMG) and suprapubic cystometry (CMG) under urethane anesthesia. Immunofluorescence techniques were used to evaluate prostatic autonomic innervation and P2X3R expression in bladder urothelial cells. The functional role of P2X3R was characterized by intramuscular application of AF-353, a selective P2X2/3R antagonist. Results The prostate index significantly increased in MOR, suggestive of an enlarged prostate affecting micturition patterns. Significant EMG and CMG differences were found between MYR and MOR. Higher immunoreactivity for P2X2/3R in the urothelial layer and for prostatic neurofilaments was seen in MOR. Systemic inhibition of P2X2/3R had minimal effects on MYR responsiveness, but improved voiding function in MOR with a marked decrease of intravesical pressure and bladder contractile responses. Conclusions The data support the hypothesis that an enlarged prostate in MOR may contribute to voiding dysfunction involving activation of P2X2/3R, which enhances a prostate-bladder reflex. This reflex may increase bladder afferent transmission and activation of increased prostate innervation, leading to voiding dysfunction.
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14
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Zhang WJ, Zhu ZM, Liu ZX. The role and pharmacological properties of the P2X7 receptor in neuropathic pain. Brain Res Bull 2020; 155:19-28. [PMID: 31778766 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic Pain (NPP) is caused by direct or indirect damage to the nervous system and is a common symptom of many diseases. Clinically, drugs are usually used to suppress pain, such as (lidocaine, morphine, etc.), but the effect is short-lived, poor analgesia, and there are certain dependence and side effects. Therefore, the investigation of the treatment of NPP has become an urgent problem in medical, attracting a lot of research attention. P2X7 is dependent on Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ion channel receptors and has dual functions for the development of nerve damage and pain. In this review, we explored the link between the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and NPP, providing insight into the P2X7R and NPP, discussing the pathological mechanism of P2 X7R in NPP and the biological characteristics of P2X7R antagonist inhibiting its over-expression for the targeted therapy of NPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhang
- The Second Affiliate Hospital. Nanchang University, Nanchang City. Jiangxi Province, China; Basic Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zheng-Ming Zhu
- The Second Affiliate Hospital. Nanchang University, Nanchang City. Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Zeng-Xu Liu
- Basic Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
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15
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Taidi Z, Mansfield KJ, Bates L, Sana-Ur-Rehman H, Liu L. Purinergic P2X7 receptors as therapeutic targets in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome; key role of ATP signaling in inflammation. Bladder (San Franc) 2019; 6:e38. [PMID: 32775480 PMCID: PMC7401983 DOI: 10.14440/bladder.2019.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic lower urinary tract condition. Patients with IC/BPS suffer from debilitating pain and urinary urgency. The underlying etiology of IC/BPS is unknown and as such current treatments are mostly symptomatic with no real cure. Many theories have been proposed to describe the etiology of IC/BPS, but this review focuses on the role of inflammation. In IC/BPS patients, the permeability of the urothelium barrier is compromised and inflammatory cells infiltrate the bladder wall. There are increased levels of many inflammatory mediators in patients with IC/BPS and symptoms such as pain and urgency that have been associated with the degree of inflammation. Recent evidence has highlighted the role of purinergic receptors, specifically the P2X7 receptor, in the process of inflammation. The results from studies in animals including cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis strongly support the role of P2X7 receptors in inflammation. Furthermore, the deletion of the P2X7 receptor or antagonism of this receptor significantly reduces inflammatory mediator release from the bladder and improves symptoms. Research results from IC/BPS patients and animal models of IC/BPS strongly support the crucial role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of this painful disease. Purinergic signaling and purinergic receptors, especially the P2X7 receptor, play an undisputed role in inflammation. Purinergic receptor antagonists show positive results in treating different symptoms of IC/BPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinoos Taidi
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kylie J Mansfield
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Lucy Bates
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Hafiz Sana-Ur-Rehman
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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16
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Salazar BH, Hoffman KA, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Cruz Y, Boone TB, Munoz A. Modulatory effects of intravesical P2X2/3 purinergic receptor inhibition on lower urinary tract electromyographic properties and voiding function of female rats with moderate or severe spinal cord injury. BJU Int 2019; 123:538-547. [PMID: 30255543 PMCID: PMC6715153 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role that intravesical P2X2/3 purinergic receptors (P2X2/3Rs) play in early and advanced neurogenic lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction after contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) in female rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats received a thoracic Th8/Th9 spinal cord contusion with either force of 100 kDy (cN); moderate) or 150 kDy (cN; severe); Sham rats had no injury. Evaluations on urethane-anesthetised rats were conducted at either 2 or 4 weeks after SCI. LUT electrical signals and changes in bladder pressure were simultaneously recorded using cystometry and a set of custom-made flexible microelectrodes, before and after intravesical application of the P2X2/3R antagonist AF-353 (10 μM), to determine the contribution of P2X2/3R-mediated LUT modulation. RESULTS Severe SCI significantly increased bladder contraction frequency, and reduced both bladder pressure amplitude and intraluminal-pressure high-frequency oscillations (IPHFO). Intravesical P2X2/3R inhibition did not modify bladder pressure or IPHFO in the Sham and moderate-SCI rats, although did increase the intercontractile interval (ICI). At 2 weeks after SCI, the Sham and moderate-SCI rats had significant LUT electromyographic activity during voiding, with a noticeable reduction in LUT electrical signals seen at 4 weeks after SCI. Intravesical inhibition of P2X2/3R increased the ICI in the Sham and moderate-SCI rats at both time-points, but had no effect on rats with severe SCI. The external urethral sphincter (EUS) showed strong and P2X2/3R-independent electrical signals in the Sham and moderate-SCI rats in the early SCI stage. At 4 weeks after SCI, the responsiveness of the EUS was significantly attenuated, independently of SCI intensity. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that electrophysiological properties of the LUT are progressively impaired depending on SCI intensity and that intravesical P2X2/3R inhibition can attenuate electrical activity in the neurogenic LUT at early, but not at semi-chronic SCI. This translational study should be useful for planning clinical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy H. Salazar
- Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Program-Urology, Houston Methodist Research Institute
| | - Kristopher A. Hoffman
- Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Program-Urology, Houston Methodist Research Institute
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Program-Urology, Houston Methodist Research Institute
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston
- Guangdong Provincial Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Program-Urology, Houston Methodist Research Institute
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston
- Guangdong Provincial Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Yolanda Cruz
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, México
| | - Timothy B. Boone
- Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Program-Urology, Houston Methodist Research Institute
- Department of Urology, Houston Methodist Hospital
| | - Alvaro Munoz
- Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Program-Urology, Houston Methodist Research Institute
- Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colotlán, México
- Corresponding Author: Alvaro Munoz, PhD, Current affiliation: Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Federal No. 23, Km. 191, C.P. 46200, Colotlán, Jalisco, México., / Tel: +52-33-1058-5200 (Ext. 33679) / Fax: +1713-441-6463
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17
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Burnstock G, Knight GE. The potential of P2X7 receptors as a therapeutic target, including inflammation and tumour progression. Purinergic Signal 2018; 14:1-18. [PMID: 29164451 PMCID: PMC5842154 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven P2X ion channel nucleotide receptor subtypes have been cloned and characterised. P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) are unusual in that there are extra amino acids in the intracellular C terminus. Low concentrations of ATP open cation channels sometimes leading to cell proliferation, whereas high concentrations of ATP open large pores that release inflammatory cytokines and can lead to apoptotic cell death. Since many diseases involve inflammation and immune responses, and the P2X7R regulates inflammation, there has been recent interest in the pathophysiological roles of P2X7R and the potential of P2X7R antagonists to treat a variety of diseases. These include neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, epilepsy and a number of diseases of peripheral organs, including the cardiovascular, airways, kidney, liver, bladder, skin and musculoskeletal. The potential of P2X7R drugs to treat tumour progression is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Gillian E Knight
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
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18
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Electrical Activity of the Bladder Is Attenuated by Intravesical Inhibition of P2X2/3 Receptors During Micturition in Female Rats. Int Neurourol J 2017; 21:259-269. [PMID: 29298472 PMCID: PMC5756821 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1734998.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To simultaneously monitor electrical discharges in various bladder regions and the external urethral sphincter (EUS) during voiding contractions, and to assess the functional role of myogenic modulation of the lower urinary tract (LUT) by ionotropic purinergic receptors containing the P2X3 subunit. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with urethane, and implanted with a suprapubic catheter for open cystometry. Flexible microelectrodes were placed ventrally in the bladder dome, upper bladder, lower bladder, and bladder base, along with the middle section of the exposed EUS. Intravesical P2X3-containing receptors were blocked with AF-323, a specific P2X3-P2X2/3 receptor antagonist. A digital electrophysiology amplifier was used to record electrical and cystometric signals throughout the LUT. Results Electrical activity in the LUT started before effective voiding contractions. Bladder pressure and electrical waveforms showed consistent out-of-phase activity when compared with the recordings made at the EUS. This pattern was also observed during voiding contractions in the presence of AF-353, supporting the hypothesis that during bladder distension, activation of P2X3-containing receptors is required for voiding contractions. Furthermore, the inhibition of P2X3-containing receptors significantly decreased the amplitude of electrical signals in the urinary bladder, but not the base or EUS. Conclusions Our results provide novel information about the regulation of the micturition process by P2X3-containing receptors located in the inner layers of the bladder.
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19
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Burnstock G. Purinergic Signalling: Therapeutic Developments. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:661. [PMID: 28993732 PMCID: PMC5622197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signalling, i.e., the role of nucleotides as extracellular signalling molecules, was proposed in 1972. However, this concept was not well accepted until the early 1990's when receptor subtypes for purines and pyrimidines were cloned and characterised, which includes four subtypes of the P1 (adenosine) receptor, seven subtypes of P2X ion channel receptors and 8 subtypes of the P2Y G protein-coupled receptor. Early studies were largely concerned with the physiology, pharmacology and biochemistry of purinergic signalling. More recently, the focus has been on the pathophysiology and therapeutic potential. There was early recognition of the use of P1 receptor agonists for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia and A2A receptor antagonists are promising for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Clopidogrel, a P2Y12 antagonist, is widely used for the treatment of thrombosis and stroke, blocking P2Y12 receptor-mediated platelet aggregation. Diquafosol, a long acting P2Y2 receptor agonist, is being used for the treatment of dry eye. P2X3 receptor antagonists have been developed that are orally bioavailable and stable in vivo and are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic cough, bladder incontinence, visceral pain and hypertension. Antagonists to P2X7 receptors are being investigated for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. Other investigations are in progress for the use of purinergic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis, myocardial infarction, irritable bowel syndrome, epilepsy, atherosclerosis, depression, autism, diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical SchoolLondon, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, MelbourneVIC, Australia
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20
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Miyazato M, Kadekawa K, Kitta T, Wada N, Shimizu N, de Groat WC, Birder LA, Kanai AJ, Saito S, Yoshimura N. New Frontiers of Basic Science Research in Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction. Urol Clin North Am 2017; 44:491-505. [PMID: 28716328 PMCID: PMC5647782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Miyazato
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan; Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Katsumi Kadekawa
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Takeya Kitta
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Naoki Wada
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - William C de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
| | - Lori A Birder
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
| | - Anthony J Kanai
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
| | - Seiichi Saito
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA.
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