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Yan M, Zhao Y, Man S, Dai Y, Ma L, Gao W. Diosgenin as a substitute for cholesterol alleviates NAFLD by affecting CYP7A1 and NPC1L1-related pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 125:155299. [PMID: 38301301 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rapidly becomes the leading cause of end-stage liver disease or liver transplantation. Nowadays, there has no approved drug for NAFLD treatment. Diosgenin as the structural analogue of cholesterol attenuates hypercholesterolemia by inhibiting cholesterol metabolism, which is an important pathogenesis in NAFLD progression. However, there has been no few report concerning its effects on NAFLD so far. METHODS Using a high-fat diet & 10% fructose-feeding mice, we evaluated the anti-NAFLD effects of diosgenin. Transcriptome sequencing, LC/MS analysis, molecular docking simulation, molecular dynamics simulations and Luci fluorescent reporter gene analysis were used to evaluate pathways related to cholesterol metabolism. RESULTS Diosgenin treatment ameliorated hepatic dysfunction and inhibited NAFLD formation including lipid accumulation, inflammation aggregation and fibrosis formation through regulating cholesterol metabolism. For the first time, diosgenin was structurally similar to cholesterol, down-regulated expression of CYP7A1 and regulated cholesterol metabolism in the liver (p < 0.01) and further affecting bile acids like CDCA, CA and TCA in the liver and feces. Besides, diosgenin decreased expression of NPC1L1 and suppressed cholesterol transport (p < 0.05). Molecular docking and molecular dynamics further proved that diosgenin was more strongly bound to CYP7A1. Luci fluorescent reporter gene analysis revealed that diosgenin concentration-dependently inhibited the enzymes activity of CYP7A1. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that diosgenin was identified as a specific regulator of cholesterol metabolism, which pave way for the design of novel clinical therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Yixin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Yujie Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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Li X, Li J, Ji J, Li S, Yao X, Fan H, Yao R. Gut microbiota modification by diosgenin mediates antiepileptic effects in a mouse model of epilepsy. J Neurochem 2023. [PMID: 38115597 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin, a natural steroid saponin, holds promise as a multitarget therapeutic for various diseases, including neurodegenerative conditions. Its efficacy in slowing Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke progression has been demonstrated. However, the role of diosgenin in anti-epilepsy and its potential connection to the modulation of the intestinal microbiota remain poorly understood. In this study, exogenous diosgenin significantly mitigated pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures, learning and memory deficits, and hippocampal neuronal injury. 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequencing revealed a reversal in the decrease of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides genera in the PTZ-induced mouse epileptic model following diosgenin treatment. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments illustrated the involvement of diosgenin in modulating gut microbiota and providing neuroprotection against epilepsy. Our results further indicated the repression of enteric glial cells (EGCs) activation and the TLR4-MyD88 pathway, coupled with reduced production of inflammatory cytokines in the colonic lumen, and improved intestinal barrier function in epilepsy mice treated with diosgenin or FMT. This study suggests that diosgenin plays a role in modifying gut microbiota, contributing to the alleviation of intestinal inflammation and neuroinflammation, ultimately inhibiting epilepsy progression in a PTZ-induced mouse model. Diosgenin emerges as a potential therapeutic option for managing epilepsy and its associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Ji
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Saisai Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yao
- Rehabilitation Therapy, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongbin Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruiqin Yao
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Kaliyamurthi V, Binesh A. Power of Portieria hornemannii: influence on zebrafish antioxidant system-inflammatory cascade by combatting copper-induced inflammation. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-5. [PMID: 37950668 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2280166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Portieria hornemannii, a marine red alga, has attracted considerable attention due to its possible therapeutic characteristics. NFκB, a crucial transcription factor involved in regulating immune and inflammatory responses, plays a central role in controlling the expression of various genes associated with inflammation, such as MMP 9. This study employed an aqueous extract of Portieria hornemannii (Ph) and subjected it to UV-Visible, FTIR spectroscopy, and GC-MS analysis to identify its phytochemical composition. The presence of Vanillin, tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether, Dodecane, 1-fluoro-, and Pentanoic acid, 5-hydroxy-2,4-di-t-butylphenyl esters in Ph indicates their potential anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting their potential application in inflammation treatment. In summary, Ph exhibited anti-inflammatory properties by modulating the expressions of NFκB-associated MMP 9 in zebrafish embryos, potentially reducing the risk of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatachalam Kaliyamurthi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ambika Binesh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ma X, Zhang L, Gao F, Jia W, Li C. Salvia miltiorrhiza and Tanshinone IIA reduce endothelial inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque formation through inhibiting COX-2. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115501. [PMID: 37713995 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) and Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) in the treatment of atherosclerosis was examined by combining network pharmacology and molecular biology experiments. The TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases provided 104 SM candidate ingredients and 813 target genes, while GEO and GeneCards databases identified 35 overlapping targets between SM and coronary artery disease (CAD). From these data, we constructed a CAD-target-active ingredient network, and using Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis, 211 GO terms and 43 pathways were identified, which facilitated the construction of a key active ingredient-target-pathway network. We then constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and performed molecular docking simulations between Tan IIA and 10 key target proteins to analyze the interactions between the molecule and the protein. SM was found to alleviate CAD by reducing the expression of key pro-inflammatory factors, such as COX-2 (PTGS2), MMP9, ICAM1, TNF-α, and NF-κB. Tan IIA was identified as the primary effective component of SM in treating CAD, with TNF and PTGS2 being its main targets. We further validated these findings using in vitro/in vivo experiments. The results showed that both SM and Tan IIA attenuated the buildup of plaque and the accumulation of lipids in ApoE-/- mice. In addition, SM and Tan IIA reduced vascular inflammatory factors expression in ApoE-/- mice and ox-LDL-cultured HUVECs. Furthermore, our findings showed that Tan IIA reduced vascular endothelial inflammation and prevented plaque formation via COX-2/TNF-a/NF-κB signaling pathway. We have demonstrated for the first time that Tan IIA plays a vital role in attenuating atherosclerosis by downregulating COX-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangke Ma
- Beijing Shijingshan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100040, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Fujun Gao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Weihua Jia
- Beijing Shijingshan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100040, China
| | - Chao Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China.
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Mohseni-Moghaddam P, Khanmohammadi M, Roghani M. Literature review on hepatoprotective effects of diosgenin: possible mechanisms of action. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1226548. [PMID: 37767400 PMCID: PMC10520708 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1226548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are among the major causes of death worldwide. Alcohol consumption, obesity, diabetes mellitus, viral infection, and drug-induced liver injury are common risk factors for the development of liver diseases. Diosgenin is a herbal steroidal sapogenin with hepatoprotective properties. This phytosteroid modulates lipid profile and prevents liver injury and fibrosis, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), steatohepatitis, and diabetes mellitus. Different mechanisms have been presented underlying the therapeutic properties of diosgenin. Diosgenin with antioxidant activity and ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory and apoptotic mediators as well as modulating gut microbiota is able to protect the liver. This literature overview summarizes the previously published studies regarding the hepatoprotective function of diosgenin against liver injury in different conditions with an emphasis on possible underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mohseni-Moghaddam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Khanmohammadi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Nagamma T, Konuri A, Bhat KMR, Udupa PEG, Nayak Y. Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seed extract modulates biochemical and histomorphological changes in therapeutic model of high-fat diet-fed ovariectomized rats. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:285. [PMID: 37520342 PMCID: PMC10382425 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03707-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the therapeutic effect of petroleum ether fraction of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (PE-TFG) seed extract in ovariectomized rats fed with high-fat diet. Rats were randomly grouped into sham ovariectomy (S.OVX), ovariectomy + high-fat diet (OVX + HFD), and treatment groups. The blood samples were collected, and lipid profile, glucose, hepatic markers, and inflammatory markers were estimated. Liver, kidney, and common carotid artery were isolated for histopathological observations. Liver samples were tested for antioxidant, oxidative stress markers, mRNA expression of adiponectin, and PPAR-γ. PE-TFG treatment significantly decreased total cholesterol (18%), LDL (20%), hepatic markers (28%), leptin (17%), TNF-α (21%), and increased mRNA expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ. There was also micro- and macro-hepatic steatosis, inflammation in the liver, deteriorated tubules in the kidney, and increased tunica intima and media thickness of the common carotid artery. These pathological alterations were reversed with PE-TFG administration. This impact might be linked to phytoestrogens and other components in PE-TFG such as diosgenin, phenols, and flavonoids. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03707-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takkella Nagamma
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal TATA Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Anjaneyulu Konuri
- Department of Anatomy, Manipal TATA Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Kumar M. R. Bhat
- Department of Anatomy, Ras Al Khaimah College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Science University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Padmanabha E. G. Udupa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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Wang X, Shen Y, Shang M, Liu X, Munn LL. Endothelial mechanobiology in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1656-1675. [PMID: 37163659 PMCID: PMC10325702 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious health challenge, causing more deaths worldwide than cancer. The vascular endothelium, which forms the inner lining of blood vessels, plays a central role in maintaining vascular integrity and homeostasis and is in direct contact with the blood flow. Research over the past century has shown that mechanical perturbations of the vascular wall contribute to the formation and progression of atherosclerosis. While the straight part of the artery is exposed to sustained laminar flow and physiological high shear stress, flow near branch points or in curved vessels can exhibit 'disturbed' flow. Clinical studies as well as carefully controlled in vitro analyses have confirmed that these regions of disturbed flow, which can include low shear stress, recirculation, oscillation, or lateral flow, are preferential sites of atherosclerotic lesion formation. Because of their critical role in blood flow homeostasis, vascular endothelial cells (ECs) have mechanosensory mechanisms that allow them to react rapidly to changes in mechanical forces, and to execute context-specific adaptive responses to modulate EC functions. This review summarizes the current understanding of endothelial mechanobiology, which can guide the identification of new therapeutic targets to slow or reverse the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Min Shang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lance L Munn
- Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Nie K, Gao Y, Chen S, Wang Z, Wang H, Tang Y, Su H, Lu F, Dong H, Fang K. Diosgenin attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes through regulating SIRT6-related fatty acid uptake. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 111:154661. [PMID: 36682299 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 70% of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) concomitantly suffer from Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the coexistence and interaction of them increases the intractability of NAFLD. With the protective effect against hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis, SIRT6 is becoming a notable target of NAFLD. Diosgenin, an active monomer from Chinese herbs, has been reported to protect against NAFLD. PURPOSE This study aims to figure out the mechanism how diosgenin alleviate NAFLD in T2DM and the relationship with SIRT6. METHODS In vivo studies used spontaneous diabetic db/db mice and divided them into two parts. The first part included four groups consisting of control (Con) group, model (Mod) group, low dose of diosgenin (DL) group and high dose of diosgenin (DH) group. The second part included four groups consisting of Con group, Mod group, DH+OSS (OSS_128167, inhibitor of SIRT6) group, MDL (MDL800, agonist of SIRT6) group. HepG2 cell line was selected in study in vitro, which was mainly composed of six groups including Con group, palmitic acid (PA) group, PA+DL group, PA+DH group, PA+DH+OSS group, PA+MDL group. OGTT, Biochemical biomarker (including TG, TC, AST, ALT), inflammatory biomarker (including IL-6 and TNF-α) were measured. HE, Oil Red O, and DHE staining were conducted. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, mRNA-seq, and qPCR were used to explore the mechanism. RESULTS Results in the first part of study in vivo indicated that diosgenin protected against lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, cell injury, and light inflammatory of liver in db/db mice and regulated the expression of SIRT6 and fatty acid transporter including CD36, FATP2, FABP1. The effect of diosgenin could be reversed in DH+OSS group and the same effect was observed in MDL group in the second part of study in vivo. The same results were also noted in followed study in vitro. Diosgenin inhibited the fatty acids uptake and regulated the expression of SIRT6 and fatty acid transporter including CD36, FATP2, and FABP1 in PA-induced hepG2 cells, and which was reversed in DH+OSS group and resembled in MDL group. CONCLUSIONS Diosgenin could attenuate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes through regulating SIRT6-related fatty acid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Nie
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shen Chen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hongzhan Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yueheng Tang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Ke Fang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Yan M, Man S, Liang Y, Ma L, Guo L, Huang L, Gao W. Diosgenin alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through affecting liver-gut circulation. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106621. [PMID: 36535571 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), as the aggressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), rapidly becomes the leading cause of end-stage liver disease or liver transplantation. Nowadays, there has no approved drug for NASH treatment. Diosgenin possesses multiple beneficial effects towards inhibition of lipid accumulation, cholesterol metabolism, fibrotic progression and inflammatory response. However, there has been no report concerning its effects on NASH so far. Using methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) feeding mice, we evaluated the anti-NASH effects of diosgenin. 16 S rDNA was used to investigate gut microbiota composition. Transcriptome sequencing, LC/MS and GC/MS analysis were used to evaluate bile acids (BAs) metabolism and their related pathway. Compared with the MCD group, diosgenin treatment improved the hepatic dysfunction, especially decreased the serum and hepatic TC, TG, ALT, AST and TBA to nearly 50%. Content of BAs, especially CA and TCA, were decreased from 59.30 and 26.00-39.71 and 11.48 ng/mg in liver and from 0.96 and 2.1-0.47 and 1.13 μg/mL in serum, and increased from 7.01 and 11.08-3.278 and 5.11 ng/mg in feces, respectively. Antibiotic and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) treatment further confirmed the therapeutic effect of diosgenin on gut microbiota, especially Clostridia (LDA score of 4.94), which regulated BAs metabolism through the hepatic FXR-SHP and intestinal FXR-FGF15 pathways. These data indicate that diosgenin prevents NASH by altering Clostridia and BAs metabolism. Our results shed light on the mechanisms of diosgenin in treating NASH, which pave way for the design of novel clinical therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Yueru Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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Liu P, Xu L, Guo JH, Chang JH, Liu XG, Xue HF, Wang RX, Li ZS, Miao GX, Liu CZ, Zhou JY. Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Diosgenin in Rat Plasma by a UPLC-MS/MS Approach. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 2022:5607347. [PMID: 36248054 PMCID: PMC9553667 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5607347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin, has attracted attention worldwide owing to its pharmacological properties, including antitumor, cardiovascular protective, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The current diosgenin analysis methods have the disadvantages of long analysis time and low sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to establish an efficient, sensitive ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) approach for pharmacokinetic analysis of diosgenin amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) using tanshinone IIA as an internal standard (IS). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered diosgenin ASD, and orbital blood samples were collected for analysis. Protein precipitation was performed with methanol-acetonitrile (50 : 50, v/v), and the analytes were separated under isocratic elution by applying acetonitrile and 0.03% formic acid aqueous solution at a ratio of 80 : 20 as the mobile phase. MS with positive electron spray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring modes was applied to determine diosgenin and IS with m/z 415.2⟶271.2 and m/z 295.2⟶277.1, respectively. This approach showed a low limit of quantification of 0.5 ng/ml for diosgenin and could detect this molecule at a concentration range of 0.5 to 1,500 ng/ml (r = 0.99725). The approach was found to have intra- and inter-day precision values ranging from 1.42% to 6.91% and from 1.25% to 3.68%, respectively. Additionally, the method showed an accuracy of -6.54 to 4.71%. The recoveries of diosgenin and tanshinone IIA were 85.81-100.27% and 98.29%, respectively, with negligible matrix effects. Diosgenin and IS were stable under multiple storage conditions. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the C max and AUC0⟶t of diosgenin ASD were significantly higher than those of the bulk drug. A sensitive, simple, UPLC-MS/MS analysis approach was established and used for the pharmacokinetic analysis of diosgenin ASD in rats after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Jing-han Guo
- Beijing North Institute of Biotechnology, No. 20 Panjiamiao Rd, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jin-hua Chang
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Xi-gang Liu
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - He-fei Xue
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Ru-xing Wang
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Zhong-si Li
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Guang-xin Miao
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Cui-zhe Liu
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Jian-yu Zhou
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
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11
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Identification of the Natural Steroid Sapogenin Diosgenin as a Direct Dual-Specific RORα/γ Inverse Agonist. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092076. [PMID: 36140177 PMCID: PMC9495423 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The steroid sapogenin diosgenin is a well-known natural product with a plethora of described pharmacological activities including the amelioration of T helper 17 (Th17)-driven pathologies. However, the exact underlying mode of action of diosgenin leading to a dampened Th17 response is still largely unknown and specific molecular targets have yet to be identified. Here, we show that diosgenin acts as a direct ligand and inverse agonist of the nuclear receptor retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-related orphan receptor (ROR)α and RORγ, which are key transcription factors involved in Th17 cell differentiation and metabolism. IC50 values determined by luciferase reporter gene assays, employing constructs for either RORγ-Gal4 fusion proteins or full length receptors, were in the low micromolar range at around 2 µM. To highlight the functional consequences of this RORα/γ inverse agonism, we determined gene expression levels of important ROR target genes, i.e., IL-17A and glucose-6-phosphatase, in relevant cellular in vitro models of Jurkat T and HepG2 cells, respectively, by RT-qPCR (reverse transcription quantitative PCR). Thereby, it was shown that diosgenin leads to a dose-dependent decrease in target gene expressions consistent with its potent cellular ROR inverse agonistic activity. Additionally, in silico dockings of diosgenin to the ROR ligand-binding domain were performed to determine the underlying binding mode. Taken together, our results establish diosgenin as a novel, direct and dual-selective RORα/γ inverse agonist. This finding establishes a direct molecular target for diosgenin for the first time, which can further explain reported amendments in Th17-driven diseases by this compound.
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12
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Wang D, Wang X. Diosgenin and Its Analogs: Potential Protective Agents Against Atherosclerosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2305-2323. [PMID: 35875677 PMCID: PMC9304635 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s368836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the artery wall associated with lipid metabolism imbalance and maladaptive immune response, which mediates most cardiovascular events. First-line drugs such as statins and antiplatelet drug aspirin have shown good effects against atherosclerosis but may lead to certain side effects. Thus, the development of new, safer, and less toxic agents for atherosclerosis is urgently needed. Diosgenin and its analogs have gained importance for their efficacy against life-threatening diseases, including cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous system diseases, and cancer. Diosgenin and its analogs are widely found in the rhizomes of Dioscore, Solanum, and other species and share similar chemical structures and pharmacological effects. Recent data suggested diosgenin plays an anti-atherosclerosis role through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, plasma cholesterol-lowering, anti-proliferation, and anti-thrombotic effects. However, a review of the effects of diosgenin and its natural structure analogs on AS is still lacking. This review summarizes the effects of diosgenin and its analogs on vascular endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, migration and calcification, lipid metabolism, and inflammation, and provides a new overview of its anti-atherosclerosis mechanism. Besides, the structures, sources, safety, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and biological availability are introduced to reveal the limitations and challenges of current studies, hoping to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of diosgenin and its analogs and provide a new idea for developing new agents for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaolong Wang, Tel +86 13501991450, Fax +86 21 51322445, Email
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13
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Som S, Antony J, Dhanabal SP, Ponnusankar S. Neuroprotective role of Diosgenin, a NGF stimulator, against Aβ (1-42) induced neurotoxicity in animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:359-372. [PMID: 35023028 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00880-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin is a neurosteroid derived from the plants and has been previously reported for its numerous health beneficial properties, such as anti-arrhythmic, hypolipidemic, and antiproliferative effects. Although several studies conducted earlier suggested cognition enhancement actions of diosgenin against neurodegenerative disorders, but the molecular mechanisms underlying are not clearly understood. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of diosgenin in the Wistar rats that received an intracerebroventricular injection of Amyloid-β (1-42) peptides, representing a rodent model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Animals were treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg/p.o of diosgenin for 28 days, followed by Amyloid-β (1-42) peptides infusion. Animals were assessed for the spatial learning and memory by using radial arm maze and passive avoidance task. Subsequently, animals were euthanized and brains were collected for biochemical estimations and histopathological studies. Our results revealed that, diosgenin administration dose dependently improved the spatial learning and memory and protected the animals from Amyloid-β (1-42) peptides induced disrupted cognitive functions. Further, biochemical analysis showed that diosgenin successfully attenuated Amyloid-β (1-42) mediated plaque load, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and elevated acetylcholinesterase activity. In addition, histopathological evaluation also supported neuroprotective effects of diosgenin in hippocampus of rat brain when assessed using hematoxylin-eosin and Cresyl Violet staining. Thus, the aforementioned effects suggested protective action of diosgenin against Aβ (1-42) induced neuronal damage and thereby can serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Som
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty-643001, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Justin Antony
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty-643001, Tamilnadu, India
| | - SPalanisamy Dhanabal
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty-643001, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sivasankaran Ponnusankar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty-643001, Tamilnadu, India.
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14
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Semwal P, Painuli S, Abu-Izneid T, Rauf A, Sharma A, Daştan SD, Kumar M, Alshehri MM, Taheri Y, Das R, Mitra S, Emran TB, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D, Cho WC. Diosgenin: An Updated Pharmacological Review and Therapeutic Perspectives. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1035441. [PMID: 35677108 PMCID: PMC9168095 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1035441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants including Rhizoma polgonati, Smilax china, and Trigonella foenum-graecum contain a lot of diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin. This bioactive phytochemical has shown high potential and interest in the treatment of various disorders such as cancer, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, and cardiovascular disease, in addition to being an important starting material for the preparation of several steroidal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. This review aims to provide an overview of the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies reporting the diosgenin's pharmacological effects and to discuss the safety issues. Preclinical studies have shown promising effects on cancer, neuroprotection, atherosclerosis, asthma, bone health, and other pathologies. Clinical investigations have demonstrated diosgenin's nontoxic nature and promising benefits on cognitive function and menopause. However, further well-designed clinical trials are needed to address the other effects seen in preclinical studies, as well as a better knowledge of the diosgenin's safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Semwal
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, 248002 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sakshi Painuli
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, 248002 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Tareq Abu-Izneid
- 2Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, UAE
| | - Abdur Rauf
- 3Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar-23561, K.P .K, Pakistan
| | - Anshu Sharma
- 4Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, 173230, India
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- 5Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
- 6Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Manoj Kumar
- 7Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Mohammed M. Alshehri
- 8Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasaman Taheri
- 9Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rajib Das
- 10Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- 10Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- 11Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- 12Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- 9Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- 13Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Calina
- 14Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - William C. Cho
- 15Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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15
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Tian C, Chang Y, Wang R, Kang Z, Wang Q, Tong Z, Zhou A, Cui C, Liu M. Optimization of ultrasound extraction of Tribulus terrestris L. leaves saponins and their HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS n profiling, anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114225. [PMID: 34038799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tribulus terrestris L., as an annual herb plant from Zygophyllaceae, exhibits many biological activities, and its main chemical constituents are saponins. However, the extraction process, chemical compositions, anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of total saponins from Tribulus terrestris L. leaves are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study extensively evaluated the extraction process, major components, anti-inflammatory action and mechanism of Tribulus terrestris L. leaves saponins. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ultrasonic extraction and response surface methods were adopted for optimization of extraction technology of total saponins from Tribulus terrestris L. leaves, and its compositions were detected with LC-MSn method. The anti-inflammatory activity of total saponins was studied by lipopolysaccharide induced RAW 264.7 cells and acute lung injury mice models. RESULTS The ultrasonic extraction parameters of saponins fraction, including ethanol concentration 30%, extraction time 55 min, ratio of solvent to material 35:1 ml/g and extraction temperature 46 °C, were screened by response surface method with the extracting rate 5.49%, and thirty compositions were detected with LC-MSn method. Moreover, saponins fraction can play a stronger anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the phagocytic activity and pulmonary edema, and protection of morphology of RAW 264.7 cells and lung tissues, and decreasing the content of NO and TNF-α. Moreover, it was revealed that total saponins extract can exert the anti-inflammatory action by the inhibition of the activation of the TLR4-TRAF6-NF-κB signalling pathway. CONCLUSION These studies imply that Tribulus terrestris L. leaves saponins may be an important anti-inflammatory drug in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No 120 Dongling Road Shenhe Dist., 110866, Shenyang Liaoning Prov., People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, 264005, Yantai Shangdong Prov., People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No 120 Dongling Road Shenhe Dist., 110866, Shenyang Liaoning Prov., People's Republic of China
| | - Ruxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No 120 Dongling Road Shenhe Dist., 110866, Shenyang Liaoning Prov., People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiruo Kang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No 120 Dongling Road Shenhe Dist., 110866, Shenyang Liaoning Prov., People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No 120 Dongling Road Shenhe Dist., 110866, Shenyang Liaoning Prov., People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No 120 Dongling Road Shenhe Dist., 110866, Shenyang Liaoning Prov., People's Republic of China
| | - Aohua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No 120 Dongling Road Shenhe Dist., 110866, Shenyang Liaoning Prov., People's Republic of China
| | - Cancan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No 120 Dongling Road Shenhe Dist., 110866, Shenyang Liaoning Prov., People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No 120 Dongling Road Shenhe Dist., 110866, Shenyang Liaoning Prov., People's Republic of China.
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16
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Shahrajabian MH, Sun W, Marmitt DJ, Cheng Q. Diosgenin and galactomannans, natural products in the pharmaceutical sciences. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diosgenin is an isospirostane derivative, which is a steroidal sapogenin and the product of acids or enzymes hydrolysis process of dioscin and protodioscin. Galactomannans are heteropolysaccharides composed of D-mannose and D-galactose, which are major sources of locust bean, guar, tara and fenugreek.
Methods
Literature survey was accomplished using multiple databases including PubMed, Science Direct, ISI web of knowledge and Google Scholar.
Results
Four major sources of seed galactomannans are locust bean (Ceratonia siliqua), guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), tara (Caesalpinia spinosa Kuntze), and fenugreek (T.foenum-graecum). Diosgenin has effect on immune system, lipid system, inflammatory and reproductive systems, caner, metabolic process, blood system, blood glucose and calcium regulation. The most important pharmacological benefits of galactomannan are antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, anticholinesterase, antiviral activities, and appropriate for dengue virus and gastric diseases.
Conclusions
Considering the importance of diosgenin and galactomannans, the obtained findings suggest potential of diosgenin and galactomannans as natural products in pharmaceutical industries.
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17
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Marahatha R, Gyawali K, Sharma K, Gyawali N, Tandan P, Adhikari A, Timilsina G, Bhattarai S, Lamichhane G, Acharya A, Pathak I, Devkota HP, Parajuli N. Pharmacologic activities of phytosteroids in inflammatory diseases: Mechanism of action and therapeutic potentials. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5103-5124. [PMID: 33957012 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural products and their derivatives are known to be useful for treating numerous diseases since ancient times. Because of their high therapeutic potentials, the use of different medicinal plants is possible to treat varied inflammation-mediated chronic diseases. Among natural products, phytosteroids have emerged as promising compounds mostly because they have diverse pharmacological activities. Currently, available medications exert numerous systemic toxicities, including hypertension, immune suppression, osteoporosis, and metabolic abnormalities. Thus, further research on phytosteroids to subside these complications is of significant importance. In this study, the information on phytosteroids, their types, and actions against inflammation, and allergic complications was collected by a systematic survey of literature on several scientific search engines. The literature review suggested that phytosteroids exhibit antiinflammatory action via different modes through transrepression or selective COX-2 enzymes. Also, in silico ADMET analysis was carried out on available phytosteroids to uncover their pharmacokinetic properties. Our analysis has shown that eight compounds: withaferin A, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, guggulsterone, diosgenin, sarsasapogenin, physalin A, and dioscin, -isolated from medicinal plants show similar pharmacokinetic properties as compared to dexamethasone, commercially available glucocorticoid. These phytosteroids could be useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis, asthma, and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, systematic research is required to explore potent phytosteroids with lesser side effects, which might substitute the current medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishab Marahatha
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Kabita Gyawali
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Kabita Sharma
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Narayan Gyawali
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Parbati Tandan
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Ashma Adhikari
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Grishma Timilsina
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Salyan Bhattarai
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ganesh Lamichhane
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Ashis Acharya
- Central Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Ishwor Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Thamel, Nepal
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Niranjan Parajuli
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
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18
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Synthesis and Characterization of Diosgenin Encapsulated Poly-ε-Caprolactone-Pluronic Nanoparticles and Its Effect on Brain Cancer Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081322. [PMID: 33919483 PMCID: PMC8073865 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diosgenin encapsulated PCL-Pluronic nanoparticles (PCL-F68-D-NPs) were developed using the nanoprecipitation method to improve performance in brain cancer (glioblastoma) therapy. The nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS)/Zeta potential, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The encapsulation efficiency, loading efficiency, and yield were calculated. The in vitro release rate was determined, and the kinetic model of diosgenin release was plotted and ascertained. The cytotoxicity was checked by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide)assay against U87-MG cells (glioblastoma cell lines). The obtained nanoparticles demonstrated good size distribution, stability, morphology, chemical, and mechanical properties. The nanoparticles also possessed high encapsulation efficiency, loading efficiency, and yield. The release rate of Diosgenin was shown in a sustained manner. The in vitro cytotoxicity of PCL-F68-D-NPs showed higher toxicity against U87-MG cells than free Diosgenin.
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19
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Feriani A, Tir M, Arafah M, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Contreras MDM, Nahdi S, Taamalli A, Allagui MS, Alwasel S, Segura-Carretero A, Harrath AH, Tlili N. Schinus terebinthifolius fruits intake ameliorates metabolic disorders, inflammation, oxidative stress, and related vascular dysfunction, in atherogenic diet-induced obese rats. Insight of their chemical characterization using HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113701. [PMID: 33346028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Schinus terebinthifolius is traditionally used for its anti inflammatory capacity, and indicated as a cardioprotective agent, whereas, its preventive effect against atherogenic diet fed (AD) induced metabolic disorders and the underlying mechanisms has not yet been explored. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was undertaken to investigate the ameliorative role of Schinus terebinthifolius fruits extract (STFE) against cardiovascular problem, oxidative and inflammatory status related to obesity in rats fed an atherogenic diet. MATERIALS AND METHODS The metabolites profile in STFE was evaluated using HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis. In Wistar rats, atherogenic diet was added for 9 weeks to induce lipid accumulation simultaneously with STFE (50 mg/kg b. w) or saline treatment. Biochemical, oxidant, and inflammatory criteria together with hepatic and arterial integrity examination were assessed. RESULTS A total of thirty three metabolites were identified using HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS, among them masazino-flavanone was the major compound (2645.50 μg/g DW). The results indicated that STFE supplementation during 9 weeks (50 mg/kg b. w.) significantly attenuated the altered lipid profile by decreasing the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and increasing the HDL-C content both in plasma and liver, when compared with the AD-group. The histological analysis using ORO staining revealed a decrease in the lipid droplet deposit in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes of STFE + AD group. The addition of STFE could improve the glycemic status of AD-treated rats by decreasing the glucose and insulin secretion, and ameliorating the hepatic glycogen synthesis. The harmful effects of atherogenic diet on hepatic oxidative stress indicators (MDA, PC, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPx), biochemical markers (AST, ALT, LDH and ALP), and liver function, were found to be decreased by the addition of STFE. Moreover, the reduction of inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α), associated to alleviating of aortic oxidative stress and integrity, highlighted the positive anti-atherogenic effect of STFE. CONCLUSION Overall, the pleiotropic protective effect observed with S. terebinthifolius fruits might be related to the presence of various bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Feriani
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia.
| | - Meriam Tir
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie, de Biologie et de Physiologie des Organismes Aquatiques, LR18ES41, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis EL Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maria Arafah
- King Saud University, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ana María Gómez-Caravaca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Edificio Bioregión, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Contreras
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Saber Nahdi
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Taamalli
- Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, BP, 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Salah Allagui
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.O. Box 95, Sfax, 3052, Tunisia
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Edificio Bioregión, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizar Tlili
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement, Université de Carthage, Tunisia.
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Nagamma T, Konuri A, Bhat KMR, Maheshwari R, Udupa P, Nayak Y. Modulation of inflammatory markers by petroleum ether fraction of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seed extract in ovariectomized rats. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13690. [PMID: 33749834 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the modulation of inflammatory markers by petroleum ether fraction of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (PE-TFG) seed extract in ovariectomized rats. The HPTLC method was used for standardization and to quantify the diosgenin in PE-TFG. For testing PE-TFG in rats, the total duration of treatment was 12-weeks, and the rats were sacrificed on week 12. The tissue samples such as blood, liver, heart, and aorta were isolated for testing inflammatory markers such as adiponectin, leptin, PPAR-γ, TNF-α, lipid profile, hepatic markers, antioxidants, and oxidative stress markers. The PE-TFG treatment decreased the elevation of total cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, and ALT. Upon PE-TFG treatment, there was a significant increase in adiponectin and PPAR-γ mRNA expression. Leptin and TNF-α were normal after treatment with PE-TFG seed extract. Further, micro-steatosis of hepatocytes marked glomerular hypertrophy in the kidney and increased thickness of tunica intima and media of common carotid artery was reversed after treatment with PE-TFG. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Trigonella foenum-graecum L. is a curative plant used to treat inflammatory conditions like diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, arthritis, cancer, and digestive disorders. In our study, PE-TFG supplementation has a protective effect on OVX-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, mRNA expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ, hepatic steatosis, and decreased thickness of tunica intima and media of common carotid artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takkella Nagamma
- Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anjaneyulu Konuri
- Department of Anatomy, Manipal-TATA Medical College, Jamshedpur, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Kumar M R Bhat
- Department of Anatomy, Ras Al Khaimah College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Science University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Rajalekshmi Maheshwari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Padmanabha Udupa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Parama D, Boruah M, Yachna K, Rana V, Banik K, Harsha C, Thakur KK, Dutta U, Arya A, Mao X, Ahn KS, Kunnumakkara AB. Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, and its analogs: Effective therapies against different chronic diseases. Life Sci 2020; 260:118182. [PMID: 32781063 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic diseases are a major cause of mortality worldwide, and despite the recent development in treatment modalities, synthetic drugs have continued to show toxic side effects and development of chemoresistance, thereby limiting their application. The use of phytochemicals has gained attention as they show minimal side effects. Diosgenin is one such phytochemical which has gained importance for its efficacy against the life-threatening diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, nervous system disorders, asthma, arthritis, diabetes, and many more. AIM To evaluate the literature available on the potential of diosgenin and its analogs in modulating different molecular targets leading to the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. METHOD A detailed literature search has been carried out on PubMed for gathering information related to the sources, biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, biological activities, pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and toxicity of diosgenin and its analogs. KEY FINDINGS The literature search resulted in many in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials that reported the efficacy of diosgenin and its analogs in modulating important molecular targets and signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, MAPK, etc., which play a crucial role in the development of most of the diseases. Reports have also revealed the safety of the compound and the adaptation of nanotechnological approaches for enhancing its bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties. SIGNIFICANCE Thus, the review summarizes the efficacy of diosgenin and its analogs for developing as a potent drug against several chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Monikongkona Boruah
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Kumari Yachna
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Varsha Rana
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Krishan Kumar Thakur
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Aditya Arya
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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22
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Cai B, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Xu D, Jia Y, Guan Y, Liao A, Liu G, Chun C, Li J. Therapeutic Potential of Diosgenin and Its Major Derivatives against Neurological Diseases: Recent Advances. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3153082. [PMID: 32215172 PMCID: PMC7079249 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3153082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diosgenin (DG), a well-known steroidal sapogenin, is present abundantly in medicinal herbs such as Dioscorea rhizome, Dioscorea villosa, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Smilax China, and Rhizoma polgonati. DG is utilized as a major starting material for the production of steroidal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. Due to its wide range of pharmacological activities and medicinal properties, it has been used in the treatment of cancers, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and infections. Numerous studies have reported that DG is useful in the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases. Its therapeutic mechanisms are based on the mediation of different signaling pathways, and targeting these pathways might lead to the development of effective therapeutic agents for neurological diseases. The present review mainly summarizes recent progress using DG and its derivatives as therapeutic agents for multiple neurological disorders along with their various mechanisms in the central nervous system. In particular, those related to therapeutic efficacy for Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, brain injury, neuroinflammation, and ischemia are discussed. This review article also critically evaluates existing limitations associated with the solubility and bioavailability of DG and discusses imperatives for translational clinical research. It briefly recapitulates recent advances in structural modification and novel formulations to increase the therapeutic efficacy and brain levels of DG. In the present review, databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were used for studies of DG and its derivatives in the treatment of central nervous system diseases published in English until December 10, 2019. Three independent researchers examined articles for eligibility. A total of 150 articles were screened from the above scientific literature databases. Finally, a total of 46 articles were extracted and included in this review. Keywords related to glioma, ischemia, memory, aging, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer, Parkinson, and neurodegenerative disorders were searched in the databases based on DG and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangrong Cai
- Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea
| | - Zengtao Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy JiangXi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Dujuan Xu
- Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yongyan Jia
- Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanbin Guan
- Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Aimei Liao
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Gaizhi Liu
- Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - ChangJu Chun
- Research Institute of Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China
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23
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Neuroinflammation in CNS diseases: Molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic potential of plant derived bioactive molecules. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Jeepipalli SPK, Du B, Sabitaliyevich UY, Xu B. New insights into potential nutritional effects of dietary saponins in protecting against the development of obesity. Food Chem 2020; 318:126474. [PMID: 32151922 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive energy intake, poor physical exercise and genetics/epigenetics are instrumental for the development of obesity. Because of rapidly emerging evidences related to off-target effects and toxicity of anti-obesity drugs, there is a need to search for more effective and targeted drugs for treatment of obesity. Substantial studies have found the nutritional effects of dietary saponins (bio-detergents) in terms of decreasing the synthesis of lipids, suppressing adipogenesis, inhibiting intestinal absorption of lipids, and promoting fecal excretion of bile acids and triglycerides. Dietary saponin have been approved as potent pancreatic lipase inhibitors, disaccharidase enzyme inhibitors, antagonistic to in vitro lipogenesis and in vivo appetite suppressants, antioxidants, immune-regulators, prevent fatty liver formation, protects epithelial vasculature and regulate body weight. Many dietary saponins, such as sibutramine, morgoside, sessiloside, soysaponin B, and diosgenin, have treatment potential against the development of obesity. Excellent scientific achievements have been developed for a better understanding the mechanism of saponins in preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syam P K Jeepipalli
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Bin Du
- Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066600, China
| | | | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China.
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25
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Binesh A, Devaraj Sivasitambaram N, Halagowder D. Monocytes treated with ciprofloxacin and oxyLDL express myristate, priming atherosclerosis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22442. [PMID: 31926051 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are essential in many life-threatening diseases. On the other hand, improper use of antibiotics can be disastrous. Cell morphological changes were observed in the ciprofloxacin-treated cells starting at 48 hours. Changes in cell morphology were continuously observed up to 14 days, which showed gradual morphological changes from monocyte to plaque-like cells at day 12, and foam cell, which is an intermediate stage in atherosclerosis was observed at day 8, which was confirmed with Oil Red O staining. Flow cytometry data revealed that oxidized LDL (oxyLDL)-induced cells showed 60.16% of CD64 (proinflammatory macrophage markers) and no expression of CD23 (anti-inflammatory macrophage markers), whereas ciprofloxacin-treated cells expressed 67.97% of CD64 and 13.78% of CD23. Chemokine antibody array analysis revealed that ciprofloxacin exposed cells showed a proinflammatory role (ENA78, Eotaxin1, Eotaxin2, IP-10, MIG, MIP-3β, SDF-1β, TECK, CXCL16, and Fractalkine). Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed that myristic acid was incorporated into a protein with 68 kDa molecular mass in exposing oxyLDL-induced monocytes with ciprofloxacin, which could be a reason for the observed foam cells and in vitro plaque formation. As myristic acid primes atherosclerosis, it is better to limit the intake of antibiotics like ciprofloxacin for common illness, specifically the high-risk patients, which may contribute to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Binesh
- Department of Basic Sciences - Biotechnology, Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, OMR Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Devaraj Halagowder
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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26
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Song H, Gao Y, Wang Y, Guo Y, Xing E, Zhao X, Li W, Zhang J, Yu C. Effect of diosgenin on T-helper 17 cells in mice with collagen-induced arthritis. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_426_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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27
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Binesh A, Devaraj SN, Devaraj H. Expression of chemokines in macrophage polarization and downregulation of NFκB in aorta allow macrophage polarization by diosgenin in atherosclerosis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 34:e22422. [PMID: 31729780 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
M1 macrophages serve one edge as proinflammatory and M2 macrophages serve the other edge as an anti-inflammatory macrophage. It appears that a related "switch" in macrophage morphology may also happen in the course of atherosclerosis, which has not yet been elucidated. An atherogenic diet (AD) was given to rats, and induction of macrophage differentiation and the nuclear localization of nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) were investigated by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Chemokines were analyzed using an antibody array with 32 target proteins. M2 macrophage transformation was confirmed in diosgenin-treated aorta by immunofluorescence and was validated in vitro using THP-1 cells. MAC387 (macrophage marker) and NFκBp65 (inflammatory hub) were upregulated in oxidatively-modified low-density lipoprotein (OxyLDL) and AD-induced condition. Macrophage differentiation, which induced the formation of inflammatory mediators, was not significantly suppressed by the inhibition of NFκB using dexamethasone. M1 macrophage polarization was identified in OxyLDL-induced monocytes, which are proinflammatory in nature, whereas M2 macrophage polarization was noticed in diosgenin-treated monocytes, which exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. M1-and M2-specific chemokines were analyzed using chemokine antibody array. Furthermore, the expression of proinflammatory macrophage (M1) was noticed in AD-induced aorta and anti-inflammatory macrophage (M2) was observed in diosgenin-treated aorta. This is the first report where, unifying the mechanism of diosgenin as aan nti-atherosclerotic and the expression of M1 and M2 specific chemokines is shown by downregulating NFκB and not by preventing the differentiation of monocyte into a macrophage, but by allowing macrophage to differentiate into M2, which aids in preventing the atherosclerotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Binesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Halagowder Devaraj
- School of Life Sciences, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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28
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Pathak N, Fatima K, Singh S, Mishra D, Gupta AC, Kumar Y, Chanda D, Bawankule DU, Shanker K, Khan F, Gupta A, Luqman S, Negi AS. Bivalent furostene carbamates as antiproliferative and antiinflammatory agents. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 194:105457. [PMID: 31454535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women affecting about 12% of world's female population. It is a multifactorial disease, mostly invasive in nature. Diosgenin and related compounds are potent antiproliferative agents. Carbamate derivatives have been synthesized at C26 of furostene ring after opening spiroketal bond (F-ring) of diosgenin. Compound 10 possessed significant antiproliferative activity against human breast cancer cells by arresting the population at G1 phase of cell division cycle and induced apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis was observed through the caspase signalling cascade by activating caspase-3. Moreover, carbamate 10 exhibited moderate antiinflammatory activity by decreasing the expression of cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-induced inflammation in primary macrophage cells. Furthermore, compound 10 significantly reduced Ehrlich ascites carcinoma significantly in mice. It was well tolerated and safe in acute oral toxicity in Swiss albino mice. The concomitant anticancer and antiinflammatory properties of carbamate 10 are important and thus, can further be optimized for a better anti-breast cancer candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Pathak
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sneha Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Mishra
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Chand Gupta
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debabrata Chanda
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D U Bawankule
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atul Gupta
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Arvind S Negi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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APOC3 promotes TNF-α-induced expression of JAM-1 in endothelial cell via PI3K-IKK2-p65 pathway. Cardiovasc Pathol 2019; 41:11-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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30
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Hajizadeh MR, Parvaz N, Barani M, Khoshdel A, Fahmidehkar MA, Mahmoodi M, Torkzadeh-Mahani M. Diosgenin-loaded niosome as an effective phytochemical nanocarrier: physicochemical characterization, loading efficiency, and cytotoxicity assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 27:329-339. [PMID: 31134490 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of phytochemicals to prevent or suppress tumours is known as chemoprevention. Numerous plant-derived agents have been reported to have anticancer potentials. As one such anticancer phytochemical, diosgenin has several applications which are nevertheless limited due to its low solubility in water. METHODS We loaded diosgenin into niosome to increase its solubility and hence efficiency. Diosgenin-niosome (diosgenin loaded into niosome) was prepared by thin-film hydration method and characterised by optical microscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-visible spectrophotometry. Also, loading efficiency, in vitro drug release, and cytotoxicity assay were performed on HepG2 cell line. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Diosgenin-niosome has a nanometric size with a normal size distribution and spherical morphology. The loading efficiency of diosgenin was about 89% with a sustainable and controllable release rate. Finally, the viability of free diosgenin was 61.25%, and after loading into niosomes, it was improved to 28.32%. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that niosomes increase the solubility of naturally derived hydrophobic chemicals and thus enhance their anticancer effect. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Hajizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Najmeh Parvaz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Barani
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Khoshdel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Fahmidehkar
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahmoodi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Torkzadeh-Mahani
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
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31
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Abstract
The effects of diosgenin are discussed with respect to endothelial dysfunction, lipid profile, macrophage foam cell formation, VSMC viability, thrombosis and inflammation during the formation of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Chun Wu
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
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32
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Binesh A, Devaraj SN, Halagowder D. Molecular interaction of NFκB and NICD in monocyte-macrophage differentiation is a target for intervention in atherosclerosis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7040-7050. [PMID: 30478968 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The activation of two transcription factors, NFκB and NICD (notch intracellular domain), plays a crucial role in different stages of atherosclerotic disease progression, from early endothelial activation by modified lipids like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxyLDL) to the imminent rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque. Inflammatory mediators and the notch pathway proteins were upregulated in atherogenic diet-induced rats and the same was confirmed by the differentiation of monocyte to macrophage on exposure to oxyLDL. The inflammatory transcription factor NFκB and the notch signaling transcription factor NICD were analysed for their molecular interaction in monocyte to macrophage differentiation. Inhibition of NFκB by dexamethasone in monocyte to macrophage differentiation resulted in a concomitant downregulation of NICD, whereas inhibition of NICD by N-(N-[3, 5-difluorophenacetyl])-l-alanyl)-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT), a γ-secretase inhibitor, did not significantly influence the expression of NFκB, but downregulated macrophage differentiation. These findings revealed that NFκB inhibition using dexamethasone regulated NICD, which turned down macrophage differentiation. Thus, inhibition of both NFκB-NICD is a potential target for intervention in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Binesh
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Devaraj Halagowder
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Treatment of atherosclerosis by traditional Chinese medicine: Questions and quandaries. Atherosclerosis 2018; 277:136-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Inhibition of nuclear translocation of notch intracellular domain (NICD) by diosgenin prevented atherosclerotic disease progression. Biochimie 2018; 148:63-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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