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Milovanovic P, Busse B. Micropetrosis: Osteocyte Lacunar Mineralization in Aging and Disease. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:750-757. [PMID: 37917286 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As the importance of osteocytes for bone mineral homeostasis is increasingly recognized, there is growing interest in osteocyte cell death as a relevant indicator in various physiological and pathological conditions. Micropetrosis is an established term used to describe osteocyte lacunae that are filled with minerals following osteocyte death. While the early reports of micropetrosis were purely descriptive, there is now an increasing body of literature showing quantitative data on micropetrosis in various conditions such as aging, osteoporosis, immobilization, and diabetes, and in osteoporosis treatment (denosumab and bisphosphonates). This review summarizes quantitative findings on micropetrosis, with a particular emphasis on the recent advances in the field. RECENT FINDINGS There is growing evidence that micropetrosis is more common in older, osteoporotic, and immobilized individuals, as well as in individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Denosumab and bisphosphonates seem to affect lacunar mineralization differently, where specifically bisphosphonates have been shown to prolong osteocyte viability and reduce micropetrosis. Despite continuous proceedings in the field of osteocyte-lacunar-network characteristics, more studies are necessary to further clarify the mechanisms of lacunar mineralization, the inter-site variability of micropetrosis accumulation, the relevance of micropetrosis in various diseases and conditions, and whether micropetrosis could be an indicator of bone fragility or a target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Milovanovic
- Center of Bone Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Tolba YM, Omar SS, El Hak AR, Nagui DA. Electronic cigarettes can damage lingual papillae and taste buds. Can vitamins C and E supplementation reverse this damage? Life Sci 2023; 329:121955. [PMID: 37473801 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This histological study focuses on the impact of electronic cigarette liquid (EC) on lingual papillae, especially taste buds, compare it to nicotine, and investigates the potential of vitamins in reversing these unwanted changes. MAIN METHODS 40 adult male rats were allocated into 5 groups. Control injected saline intraperitoneally, electronic cigarettes group injected EC-liquid containing nicotine of dose (0.75 mg/kg), electronic cigarette group injected EC-liquid then supplemented orally with vitamins C and E, nicotine group injected pure nicotine of dose (0.75 mg/kg) and lastly nicotine group injected with pure nicotine of dose (0.75 mg/kg) then supplemented orally with vitamins C and E. Keratin surface area and the ratio between taste buds and its epithelial covering surface areas in fungiform papillae were measured. KEY FINDINGS Histological examination of EC group revealed abnormal epithelial stratification and mitotic figs. EC plus V group showed intact basal cell layer. N group showed better histological stratification than EC group. Fungiform and circumvallate papillae in EC and N groups showed distorted appearance of taste buds. Histomorphometry analysis showed a significant decrease in taste buds to epithelium surface areas in EC, nicotine, and EC plus V groups, p-value (<0.05). There was no significant difference between control and N plus V groups. SIGNIFICANCE Administration of vitamins C and E showed preservation of normal histological features of the lingual mucous membrane. EC caused striking damage to taste buds even after the administration of vitamins. The negative effects of electronic cigarettes are not confined only to the presence of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samia S Omar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | | | - Dina A Nagui
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Hu Y, Zhou W, Zhu C, Zhou Y, Guo Q, Huang X, Yang B, Ren B, Cheng L. The Synergistic Effect of Nicotine and Staphylococcus aureus on Peri-Implant Infections. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:658380. [PMID: 34589469 PMCID: PMC8473630 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.658380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is considered a key risk factor for implant survival; however, how it interacts with the pathogens in peri-implant infections is not clear. Here, we identified that nicotine, the key component of cigarette smoking, can interact with Staphylococcus aureus and synergistically induce peri-implant infections in a rat osteolysis model. The nicotine–S. aureus combination group increased the gross bone pathology, osteolysis, periosteal reactions, and bone resorption compared to the nicotine or S. aureus single treated group (p < 0.05). Nicotine did not promote the proliferation of S. aureus both in vitro and in vivo, but it can significantly upregulate the expression of staphylococcal protein A (SpA), a key virulence factor of S. aureus. The nicotine–S. aureus combination also synergistically activated the expression of RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand, p < 0.05) to promote the development of peri-implant infections. The synergistic effects between nicotine and S. aureus infection can be a new target to reduce the peri-implant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and West China School of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and West China School of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengguang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and West China School of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and West China School of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and West China School of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and West China School of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bina Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and West China School of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and West China School of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and West China School of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Maurotti S, Russo C, Musolino V, Nucera S, Gliozzi M, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Morittu VM, Ragusa M, Mazza E, Pujia R, Gazzaruso C, Britti D, Valenti MT, Deiana M, Romeo S, Giannini S, Dalle Carbonare L, Mollace V, Pujia A, Montalcini T. Effects of C-Peptide Replacement Therapy on Bone Microarchitecture Parameters in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 107:266-280. [PMID: 32607636 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
C-peptide therapy protects against diabetic micro- and macrovascular damages and neuropatic complications. However, to date, the role of C-peptide in preventing diabetes-related bone loss has not been investigated. Our aim was to evaluate if C-peptide infusion improves bone quality in diabetic rats. Twenty-three male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group; sham diabetic control group; diabetic plus C-peptide group. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection and C-peptide was delivered subcutaneously for 6 weeks. We performed micro-CT and histological testing to assess several trabecular microarchitectural parameters. At the end, diabetic plus C-peptide rats had a higher serum C-peptide (p = 0.02) and calcium (p = 0.04) levels and tibia weight (p = 0.02) than the diabetic control group. The diabetic plus C-peptide group showed a higher trabecular thickness and cross-sectional thickness than the diabetic control group (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03). Both the normal control and diabetic plus C-peptide groups had more Runx-2 and PLIN1 positive cells in comparison with the diabetic control group (p = 0.045 and p = 0.034). Diabetic rats receiving C-peptide had higher quality of trabecular bone than diabetic rats not receiving this treatment. If confirmed, C-peptide could have a role in improving bone quality in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Maurotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Viale S. Venuta, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- IRC-FSH Interregional Center for Food Safety and Health, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Interregional Center for Food Safety and Health, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- IRC-FSH Interregional Center for Food Safety and Health, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- IRC-FSH Interregional Center for Food Safety and Health, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- IRC-FSH Interregional Center for Food Safety and Health, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Maria Morittu
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Monica Ragusa
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmine Gazzaruso
- Diabetes and Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Unit and the Centre for Applied Clinical Research (Ce.R.C.A.) Clinical Institute "Beato Matteo" (Hospital Group San Donato), 27029, Vigevano, Italy
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Valenti
- Department of Medicine, Specialized Regional Center for Biomolecular and Histomorphometric Research On Degenerative and Skelatal Diseases, Verona, Italy
| | - Michela Deiana
- Department of Medicine, Specialized Regional Center for Biomolecular and Histomorphometric Research On Degenerative and Skelatal Diseases, Verona, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascolar and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, 42246, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sandro Giannini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova and Regional Center for Osteoporosis, Clinica Medica 1, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Dalle Carbonare
- Department of Medicine, Specialized Regional Center for Biomolecular and Histomorphometric Research On Degenerative and Skelatal Diseases, Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Interregional Center for Food Safety and Health, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Viale S. Venuta, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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