1
|
Angulo-Aguado M, Carrillo-Martinez JC, Contreras-Bravo NC, Morel A, Parra-Abaunza K, Usaquén W, Fonseca-Mendoza DJ, Ortega-Recalde O. Next-generation sequencing of host genetics risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity and long-COVID in Colombian population. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8497. [PMID: 38605121 PMCID: PMC11009356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was considered a major public health burden worldwide. Multiple studies have shown that susceptibility to severe infections and the development of long-term symptoms is significantly influenced by viral and host factors. These findings have highlighted the potential of host genetic markers to identify high-risk individuals and develop target interventions to reduce morbimortality. Despite its importance, genetic host factors remain largely understudied in Latin-American populations. Using a case-control design and a custom next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel encompassing 81 genetic variants and 74 genes previously associated with COVID-19 severity and long-COVID, we analyzed 56 individuals with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 and 56 severe and critical cases. In agreement with previous studies, our results support the association between several clinical variables, including male sex, obesity and common symptoms like cough and dyspnea, and severe COVID-19. Remarkably, thirteen genetic variants showed an association with COVID-19 severity. Among these variants, rs11385942 (p < 0.01; OR = 10.88; 95% CI = 1.36-86.51) located in the LZTFL1 gene, and rs35775079 (p = 0.02; OR = 8.53; 95% CI = 1.05-69.45) located in CCR3 showed the strongest associations. Various respiratory and systemic symptoms, along with the rs8178521 variant (p < 0.01; OR = 2.51; 95% CI = 1.27-4.94) in the IL10RB gene, were significantly associated with the presence of long-COVID. The results of the predictive model comparison showed that the mixed model, which incorporates genetic and non-genetic variables, outperforms clinical and genetic models. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Colombia and Latin-America proposing a predictive model for COVID-19 severity and long-COVID based on genomic analysis. Our study highlights the usefulness of genomic approaches to studying host genetic risk factors in specific populations. The methodology used allowed us to validate several genetic variants previously associated with COVID-19 severity and long-COVID. Finally, the integrated model illustrates the importance of considering genetic factors in precision medicine of infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Angulo-Aguado
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics (CIGGUR), Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Universidad Del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Juan Camilo Carrillo-Martinez
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics (CIGGUR), Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Universidad Del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Nora Constanza Contreras-Bravo
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics (CIGGUR), Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Universidad Del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Adrien Morel
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics (CIGGUR), Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Universidad Del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | | | - William Usaquén
- Populations Genetics and Identification Group, Institute of Genetics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Dora Janeth Fonseca-Mendoza
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics (CIGGUR), Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Universidad Del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Oscar Ortega-Recalde
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics (CIGGUR), Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Universidad Del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina e Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mora-Rodríguez JM, Sánchez BG, Bort A, Díaz-Yuste A, Ballester-González R, Arrieta F, Sebastián-Martín A, Díaz-Laviada I. Diabetic individuals with COVID-19 exhibit reduced efficacy of gliptins in inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). A suggested explanation for increased COVID-19 susceptibility in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Life Sci 2024; 336:122292. [PMID: 38030058 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) has been proposed as a coreceptor for SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry. Considering that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been identified as the most important risk factor for SARS-CoV-2, and that gliptins (DPP4 inhibitors) are a prescribed diabetic treatment, this study aims to unravel the impact of DPP4 in the intersection of T2DM/COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed 189 serum human samples, divided into six clinical groups (controls, T2DM, T2DM + gliptins, COVID-19, COVID-19 + T2DM, and COVID-19 + T2DM + gliptins), measuring DPP4 protein concentration and activity by Western blot, ELISA, and commercial activity kits. The obtained results were verified in Huh-7 cellular models. KEY FINDINGS Both DPP4 concentration and activity were decreased in COVID-19 patients, and as in T2DM patients, compared to controls. Despite these lower levels, the ratio of DPP4 activity/concentration in COVID-19 sera was the highest (0.782 ± 0.289 μU/ng vs. 0.547 ± 0.050 μU/ng in controls, p < 0.0001), suggesting a compensating mechanism in these patients. Supernatants of Huh-7 cells incubated with COVID-19 serum showed a consistent and significantly lower DPP4 concentration and activity. Furthermore, COVID-19 + T2DM + gliptins patients showed a higher serum DPP4 concentration and activity than T2DM + gliptin subjects (p < 0.05), indicating that sera from COVID-19 convalescents interfere with gliptins. SIGNIFICANCE Either SARS-CoV-2 or some metabolites present in the sera of COVID-19-convalescent patients interact with soluble DPP4 or even gliptins themselves since the inhibitory effect of gliptins on DPP4 activity is being prevented. The interactions between DPP4, gliptins, and SARS-CoV-2 should be further elucidated to reveal the mechanism of action for these interesting observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José María Mora-Rodríguez
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain.
| | - Belén G Sánchez
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain.
| | - Alicia Bort
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain.
| | - Alba Díaz-Yuste
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain.
| | - Rubén Ballester-González
- Immunology Service, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Arrieta
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alba Sebastián-Martín
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain.
| | - Inés Díaz-Laviada
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain; Chemical Research Institute "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hua E, Xu D, Chen H, Zhang S, Feng J, Xu L. Development of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 family and its association with lung diseases: a narrative review. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:7024-7034. [PMID: 38249892 PMCID: PMC10797411 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)4 is a member of a subfamily of serine peptidase S9. DPP4, expressed as a type II transmembrane protein, has a wide tissue distribution and is most active in the lung and small intestine. Many substrates of DPP4 have been identified, including neuropeptides, chemokines, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptides (GIPs). DPP4 inhibitors are clinically useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. DPP9, an N-terminal dipeptide targeting enzyme with proline or alanine, may have DPP4-like activity. DPP9 is ubiquitously expressed at human and rodent messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and therefore may play a role in the immune system and epithelial cells. It has been shown that DPP9 plays an important signaling role in the regulation of survival and proliferation pathways and is also involved in cell migration, apoptosis, and cell adhesion. In recent years, there has been further progress in DPP9 inhibition through activation of apoptosis by the inflammasome sensor protein Nlrp1b. This study aims to investigate the association of DPP4 family members and DPP9 with lung disease. Methods The literature search was initiated using the PubMed database. We searched for the content (DPP4) AND (Lung Diseases), (DPP9) AND (Lung Diseases), from which we filtered the literature we needed. Key Content and Findings Given the high biological activity of the DPP4 family, their involvement in various lung diseases is highly relevant. There is growing evidence for the importance of DPP4 and DPP9 of the DPP4 family in lung diseases, which are closely associated with diseases such as asthma, lung infections, pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and lung cancer. Conclusions This review summarizes most of the current evidence that DPP4/9 is associated with lung disease. Within the DPP4 family, the role of DPP4 in particular in respiratory disease is important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ershi Hua
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Six People’s Hospital of Nantong), Nantong, China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huamao Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liqin Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hubáček JA, Philipp T, Adámková V, Májek O, Dlouhá D, Dušek L. Possible effect of OAS1 and TMPRSS6 but not DPP4 and ZNF335 polymorphisms on COVID-19 severity in the Czech population. Cent Eur J Public Health 2023; 31:235-239. [PMID: 38309700 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The acute respiratory syndrome, known as COVID-19, is characterised by high morbidity and increased mortality. Genetic factors may partially explain the differences in susceptibility to and severity of COVID-19. METHODS We have analysed common functional polymorphisms within the OAS1 (rs4767027), TMPRSS6 (rs855791), DPP4 (rs3788979), and ZNF335 (rs3848719) genes in SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects (n = 521, different disease severity) and in population controls (n = 2,559 subjects, COVID-19 status unknown). RESULTS Neither DPP4 nor ZNF335 were associated with disease susceptibility or severity in the Czech population in any of the models used for calculation. T allele carriers of the OAS1 polymorphism seem to be protective against symptomatic COVID-19 (p = 0.002 calculated for trend; asymptomatic, symptomatic, hospitalised). Similarly, within the TMPRSS6, minor TT homozygotes associated with lower plasma Fe concentrations were underrepresented in the overall patient group (p = 0.044; OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.59-0.99), and the difference was mainly driven by the severe COVID-19 subjects. In general, risky homozygotes of these two polymorphisms were less frequent than expected in the group of hospitalised COVID-19 survivors. CONCLUSIONS Common variants within OAS1 (rs4767027) and TMPRSS6 (rs855791) play some role in COVID-19 pathology in the Czech Caucasian population. Whether the depletion of minor allele carriers of these two variants is associated with increased COVID-19 mortality, needs to be analysed in an external confirmatory study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav A Hubáček
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tom Philipp
- Clinic of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Adámková
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Májek
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Dlouhá
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Dušek
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wen Y, Lin C, Hsiao C, Wang S, Huang H, Lin Y, Ho K, Chang L, Yang S, Chien M. Genetic variants of dipeptidyl peptidase IV are linked to the clinicopathologic development of prostate cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2507-2516. [PMID: 37533175 PMCID: PMC10468658 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) is a multifunctional cell-surface glycoprotein widely found in many cell types, and a soluble form is present in body fluids. There is longstanding evidence indicating a tumour-promoting or -suppressive role of DPP4 in different cancer types. However, studies focusing on the impacts of genetic variants of DPP4 on cancers are very rare. Herein, we conducted a case-control study to evaluate whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DPP4 were associated with the risk or clinicopathologic development of prostate cancer (PCa). We genotyped four loci of DPP4 SNPs, including rs7608798 (A/G), rs3788979 (C/T), rs2268889 (T/C) and rs6741949 (G/C), using a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay in 704 PCa patients and 704 healthy controls. Our results showed that PCa patients with the DPP4 rs7608798 AG+GG genotype or rs2268889 TC+CC genotype had a higher risk of developing an advanced clinical primary tumour (cT) stage (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.680, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.062-2.659, p = 0.025; AOR: 1.693, 95% CI: 1.092-2.624, p = 0.018). Additionally, in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we observed that lower DPP4 expression levels were correlated with higher Gleason scores, advanced cT and pathological stages, tumour metastasis, and shorter progression-free survival rates in PCa patients. Furthermore, overexpression of DPP4 suppressed migration/invasion of metastatic PC3 PCa cells. Our findings suggest that DPP4 levels may affect the progression of PCa, and the DPP4 rs7608798 and rs2268889 SNPs are associated with the clinicopathologic development of PCa in a Taiwanese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ching Wen
- Department of Urology, School of MedicineCollege of Medicine and TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU‐RCUK), Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of UrologyWan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Yen Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- School of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- School of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Hao Hsiao
- Department of Urology, School of MedicineCollege of Medicine and TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU‐RCUK), Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of UrologyWan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Shian‐Shiang Wang
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- School of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chi Nan UniversityNantouTaiwan
| | - Hsiang‐Ching Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesCollege of Medicine, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yung‐Wei Lin
- Department of Urology, School of MedicineCollege of Medicine and TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU‐RCUK), Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of UrologyWan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- International Master/PhD Program in MedicineCollege of Medicine, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Kuo‐Hao Ho
- Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesCollege of Medicine, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Lun‐Ching Chang
- Department of Mathematical SciencesFlorida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFloridaUSA
| | - Shun‐Fa Yang
- Institute of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Hsien Chien
- International Master/PhD Program in MedicineCollege of Medicine, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research CenterTaipei Medical University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tan L, Zhong MM, Liu Q, Chen Y, Zhao YQ, Zhao J, Dusenge MA, Feng Y, Ye Q, Hu J, Ou-Yang ZY, Zhou YH, Guo Y, Feng YZ. Potential interaction between the oral microbiota and COVID-19: a meta-analysis and bioinformatics prediction. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1193340. [PMID: 37351182 PMCID: PMC10282655 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1193340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate available evidence on the association between the human oral microbiota and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and summarize relevant data obtained during the pandemic. Methods We searched EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library for human studies published up to October 2022. The main outcomes of the study were the differences in the diversity (α and β) and composition of the oral microbiota at the phylum and genus levels between patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (CPs) and healthy controls (HCs). We used the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database, Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network (STRING) and Gene enrichment analysis (Metascape) to evaluate the expression of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) (which is the cell receptor of SARS CoV-2) in oral tissues and evaluate its correlation with viral genes or changes in the oral microbiota. Results Out of 706 studies, a meta-analysis of 9 studies revealed a significantly lower alpha diversity (Shannon index) in CPs than in HCs (standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.53, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): -0.97 to -0.09). Subgroup meta-analysis revealed a significantly lower alpha diversity (Shannon index) in older than younger individuals (SMD: -0.54, 95% CI: -0.86 to -0.23/SMD: -0.52, 95% CI: -1.18 to 0.14). At the genus level, the most significant changes were in Streptococcus and Neisseria, which had abundances that were significantly higher and lower in CPs than in HCs based on data obtained from six out of eleven and five out of eleven studies, respectively. DPP4 mRNA expression in the oral salivary gland was significantly lower in elderly individuals than in young individuals. Spearman correlation analysis showed that DPP4 expression was negatively correlated with the expression of viral genes. Gene enrichment analysis showed that DPP4-associated proteins were mainly enriched in biological processes, such as regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of viruses by host cells and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells. Conclusion The oral microbial composition in COVID-19 patients was significantly different from that in healthy individuals, especially among elderly individuals. DPP4 may be related to viral infection and dysbiosis of the oral microbiome in elderly individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Tan
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meng-Mei Zhong
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Marie Aimee Dusenge
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ze-Yue Ou-Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Du J, Fu J, Zhang W, Zhang L, Chen H, Cheng J, He T, Fu J. Effect of DPP4/CD26 expression on SARS‑CoV‑2 susceptibility, immune response, adenosine (derivatives m 62A and CD) regulations on patients with cancer and healthy individuals. Int J Oncol 2023; 62:41. [PMID: 36799191 PMCID: PMC9946808 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide COVID‑19 pandemic was brought on by a new coronavirus (SARS Cov‑2). A marker/receptor called Dipeptidyl peptidase 4/CD26(DPP4/CD26) may be crucial in determining susceptibility to tumors and coronaviruses. However, the regulation of DPP4 in COVID‑invaded cancer patients and its role on small molecule compounds remain unclear. The present study used the Human Protein Atlas, Monaco, and Schmiedel databases to analyze the expression of DPP4 in human tissues and immune cells. The association between DPP4 expression and survival in various tumor tissues was compared using GEPIA 2. The DNMIVD database was used to analyze the correlation between DPP4 expression and promoter methylation in various tumors. On the cBioPortal network, the frequency of DPP4 DNA mutations in various cancers was analyzed. The correlation between DPP4 expression and immunomodulators was analyzed by TISIDB database. The inhibitory effects of cordycepin (CD), N6, N6‑dimethyladenosine (m62A) and adenosine (AD) on DPP4 in cancer cells were evaluated. DPP4 was mainly expressed in endocrine tissue, followed by gastrointestinal tract, female tissue (mainly in placenta), male tissue (mainly in prostate and seminal vesicle), proximal digestive tract, kidney, bladder, liver, gallbladder and respiratory system. In immune cells, DPP4 mRNA was mainly expressed in T cells, and its expression was upregulated in esophageal carcinoma, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), lung adenocarcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, prostate adenocarcinoma, stomach adenocarcinoma, thyroid carcinoma and thymoma. However, it was downregulated in breast invasive carcinoma, kidney chromophobe, lung squamous cell carcinoma and skin cutaneous melanoma. Thus, DPP4 is involved in viral invasion in most types of cancer. The expression of DPP4 could be inhibited by CD, m62A and AD in different tumor cells. Moreover, CD significantly inhibited the formation of GFP‑positive syncytial cells. In vivo experiments with AD injection further showed that AD significantly inhibited lymphocyte activating factor 3 expression. These drugs may have potential to treat COVID‑19 by targeting DPP4. Thus, DPP4 may be medically significant for SARS‑CoV‑2‑infected cancer patients, providing prospective novel targets and concepts for the creation of drugs against COVID‑19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaman Du
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jiewen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Lianmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China,Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Hanchun Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Tao He
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China,Institute for Cancer Medicine and Basic Medical School, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Junjiang Fu or Professor Tao He, Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, 3-319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Junjiang Fu or Professor Tao He, Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, 3-319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
How the Competition for Cysteine May Promote Infection of SARS-CoV-2 by Triggering Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020483. [PMID: 36830041 PMCID: PMC9952211 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 induces a broad range of clinical manifestations. Besides the main receptor, ACE2, other putative receptors and co-receptors have been described and could become genuinely relevant to explain the different tropism manifested by new variants. In this study, we propose a biochemical model envisaging the competition for cysteine as a key mechanism promoting the infection and the selection of host receptors. The SARS-CoV-2 infection produces ROS and triggers a massive biosynthesis of proteins rich in cysteine; if this amino acid becomes limiting, glutathione levels are depleted and cannot control oxidative stress. Hence, infection succeeds. A receptor should be recognized as a marker of suitable intracellular conditions, namely the full availability of amino acids except for low cysteine. First, we carried out a comparative investigation of SARS-CoV-2 proteins and human ACE2. Then, using hierarchical cluster protein analysis, we searched for similarities between all human proteins and spike produced by the latest variant, Omicron BA.1. We found 32 human proteins very close to spike in terms of amino acid content. Most of these potential SARS-CoV-2 receptors have less cysteine than spike. We suggest that these proteins could signal an intracellular shortage of cysteine, predicting a burst of oxidative stress when used as viral entry mediators.
Collapse
|
9
|
Rabaan AA, Mutair AA, Aljeldah M, Shammari BRA, Sulaiman T, Alshukairi AN, Alfaresi M, Al-Jishi JM, Al Bati NA, Al-Mozaini MA, Bshabshe AA, Almatouq JA, Abuzaid AA, Alfaraj AH, Al-Adsani W, Alabdullah M, Alwarthan S, Alsalman F, Alwashmi ASS, Alhumaid S. Genetic Variants and Protective Immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122355. [PMID: 36553622 PMCID: PMC9778397 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus-19 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected numerous individuals worldwide, resulting in millions of fatalities. The pandemic spread with high mortality rates in multiple waves, leaving others with moderate to severe symptoms. Co-morbidity variables, including hypertension, diabetes, and immunosuppression, have exacerbated the severity of COVID-19. In addition, numerous efforts have been made to comprehend the pathogenic and host variables that contribute to COVID-19 susceptibility and pathogenesis. One of these endeavours is understanding the host genetic factors predisposing an individual to COVID-19. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have demonstrated the host predisposition factors in different populations. These factors are involved in the appropriate immune response, their imbalance influences susceptibility or resistance to viral infection. This review investigated the host genetic components implicated at the various stages of viral pathogenesis, including viral entry, pathophysiological alterations, and immunological responses. In addition, the recent and most updated genetic variations associated with multiple host factors affecting COVID-19 pathogenesis are described in the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
| | - Abbas Al Mutair
- Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa 36342, Saudi Arabia
- College of Nursing, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
- School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Nursing Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran 33048, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aljeldah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim R. Al Shammari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Sulaiman
- Infectious Diseases Section, Medical Specialties Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 12231, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer N. Alshukairi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah 21499, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Alfaresi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa General Hospital, Umm Al Quwain 499, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jumana M. Al-Jishi
- Internal Medicine Department, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif 35342, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neda A. Al Bati
- Medical and Clinical Affairs, Rural Health Network, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam 31444, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A. Al-Mozaini
- Immunocompromised Host Research Section, Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal, Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Al Bshabshe
- Adult Critical Care Department of Medicine, Division of Adult Critical Care, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62561, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jenan A. Almatouq
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Mohammed Al-Mana College of Health Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmonem A. Abuzaid
- Medical Microbiology Department, Security Forces Hospital Programme, Dammam 32314, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal H. Alfaraj
- Pediatric Department, Abqaiq General Hospital, First Eastern Health Cluster, Abqaiq 33261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasl Al-Adsani
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kuwait City 63537, Kuwait
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hampton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Hampton, VA 23667, USA
| | - Mohammed Alabdullah
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al Mubarraz 36342, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Alwarthan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Alsalman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oyun City Hospital, Al-Ahsa 36312, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameen S. S. Alwashmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bhargave A, Devi K, Ahmad I, Yadav A, Gupta R. Genetic variation in DPP-IV gene linked to predisposition of T2DM: A case control study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:1709-1716. [PMID: 36249912 PMCID: PMC9554862 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose DPP-IV is a ubiquitously expressed cell surface protein that can be presented in soluble forms. It has recently gained medical importance as its inhibitors are widely being used as treatment of T2DM. The present research aims to resolve whether genetic variants of DPP-IV have association with susceptibility to T2DM. Method Two variants of DPP-IV were detected in 100 controls and 100 T2DM by PCR–RFLP technique. Demographic characteristics were recorded. Clinical characteristics were analyzed by enzymatic method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS-21. Results Demographic and clinical characteristics differ significantly between two groups. The genetic variation in SNP rs3788979 and SNP rs7608798, both in case and control, were in accordance with Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (p value > 0.05). Both SNPs rs3788979 and rs7608798 were significantly related to T2DM (p- < 0.05). Minor G allele of rs3788979 was linked with the susceptibility of T2DM (p-value-0.000; OR- 4.235). T allele of SNP rs7608798 conferred the risk of diabetes with OR-2.235. Conclusion This is the first attempt to investigate the association of DPP-IV gene with T2DM in Indian population. The finding of study concludes that genetic variation in DPP-IV gene may considerably increase the risk of developing T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archna Bhargave
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana India
| | - Kiran Devi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana India
| | - Imteyaz Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana India
| | - Anita Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra Univerity, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Ranjan Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tziastoudi M, Cholevas C, Stefanidis I, Theoharides TC. Genetics of COVID-19 and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1838-1857. [PMID: 36204816 PMCID: PMC9639636 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID‐19 and ME/CFS present with some similar symptoms, especially physical and mental fatigue. In order to understand the basis of these similarities and the possibility of underlying common genetic components, we performed a systematic review of all published genetic association and cohort studies regarding COVID‐19 and ME/CFS and extracted the genes along with the genetic variants investigated. We then performed gene ontology and pathway analysis of those genes that gave significant results in the individual studies to yield functional annotations of the studied genes using protein analysis through evolutionary relationships (PANTHER) VERSION 17.0 software. Finally, we identified the common genetic components of these two conditions. Seventy‐one studies for COVID‐19 and 26 studies for ME/CFS were included in the systematic review in which the expression of 97 genes for COVID‐19 and 429 genes for ME/CFS were significantly affected. We found that ACE, HLA‐A, HLA‐C, HLA‐DQA1, HLA‐DRB1, and TYK2 are the common genes that gave significant results. The findings of the pathway analysis highlight the contribution of inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathways, and the T cell activation and Toll receptor signaling pathways. Protein class analysis revealed the contribution of defense/immunity proteins, as well as protein‐modifying enzymes. Our results suggest that the pathogenesis of both syndromes could involve some immune dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tziastoudi
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christos Cholevas
- First Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Stefanidis
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Theoharis C Theoharides
- Institute of Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Clearwater, FL, USA.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alves E, Tonet-Furioso A, Alves V, Moraes C, Pérez D, Bastos I, Córdova C, Nóbrega O. A haplotype in the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 gene impacts glycemic-related traits of Brazilian older adults. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e12148. [PMID: 36197412 PMCID: PMC9529043 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) regulates various physiological pathways and has a pivotal role in glucose homeostasis. The objective of this study was to verify the association of a haplotype constituted by two single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2268894 and rs6741949) in the DPP4 gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and fasting glycemia-related variables in a sample of Brazilian older adults, taking serum levels and enzymatic activity of DPP4 into account. Clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric characteristics as well as DPP4 serum levels and enzymatic activity were determined in 800 elderly (≥60 years old) individuals. Assessment of polymorphic sites was performed by real-time PCR whereas haplotypes were inferred from genotypic frequencies. Statistical analyses compared measures and proportions according to T2DM diagnosis and DPP4 haplotypic groups. The most common haplotype consisted of the T-rs2268894/G-rs6741949 string, which was 20% more frequent among non-diabetics. Considering non-diabetic patients alone, carriers of the T/G haplotype had significantly lower levels of blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR index, and DPP4 activity. Among diabetic patients, the T/G haplotype was associated with lower DPP4 levels whereas glycemic scores were not affected by allelic variants. Our results suggested that the genetic architecture of DPP4 affects the glycemic profile and DPP4 serum levels and activity among elderly individuals according to the presence or absence of T2DM, with a possible implication of the T/G haplotype to the risk of T2DM onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E.S. Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - A.C. Tonet-Furioso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brasil
| | - V.P. Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brasil
| | - C.F. Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brasil
| | - D.I.V. Pérez
- Kinesiology School, Physical Activity and Sports Science Master Program, Universidad Santo Tomás, Puerto Mont, Chile
| | - I.M.D. Bastos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - C. Córdova
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - O.T. Nóbrega
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Delshad M, Sanaei MJ, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. Host genetic diversity and genetic variations of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 pathogenesis and the effectiveness of vaccination. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109128. [PMID: 35963158 PMCID: PMC9359488 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has shown a vast range of clinical manifestations from asymptomatic to life-threatening symptoms. To figure out the cause of this heterogeneity, studies demonstrated the trace of genetic diversities whether in the hosts or the virus itself. With this regard, this review provides a comprehensive overview of how host genetic such as those related to the entry of the virus, the immune-related genes, gender-related genes, disease-related genes, and also host epigenetic could influence the severity of COVID-19. Besides, the mutations in the genome of SARS-CoV-2 __leading to emerging of new variants__ per se affect the affinity of the virus to the host cells and enhance the immune escape capacity. The current review discusses these variants and also the latest data about vaccination effectiveness facing the most important variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahda Delshad
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP4) on COVID-19 Physiopathology. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082026. [PMID: 36009573 PMCID: PMC9406088 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DPP4/CD26 is a single-pass transmembrane protein with multiple functions on glycemic control, cell migration and proliferation, and the immune system, among others. It has recently acquired an especial relevance due to the possibility to act as a receptor or co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2, as it has been already demonstrated for other coronaviruses. In this review, we analyze the evidence for the role of DPP4 on COVID-19 risk and clinical outcome, and its contribution to COVID-19 physiopathology. Due to the pathogenetic links between COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus and the hyperinflammatory response, with the hallmark cytokine storm developed very often during the disease, we dive deep into the functions of DPP4 on carbohydrate metabolism and immune system regulation. We show that the broad spectrum of functions regulated by DPP4 is performed both as a protease enzyme, as well as an interacting partner of other molecules on the cell surface. In addition, we provide an update of the DPP4 inhibitors approved by the EMA and/or the FDA, together with the newfangled approval of generic drugs (in 2021 and 2022). This review will also cover the effects of DPP4 inhibitors (i.e., gliptins) on the progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection, showing the role of DPP4 in this disturbing disease.
Collapse
|
15
|
Association of the rs17574 DPP4 Polymorphism with Premature Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetic Patients: Results from the Cohort of the GEA Mexican Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071716. [PMID: 35885620 PMCID: PMC9318249 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, it has been reported that hypoalphalipoproteinemia (HA) is associated with rs17574 DDP4 polymorphism. Considering that in diabetic patients, HA is often present and is a risk factor for premature coronary artery disease (pCAD), the study aimed to evaluate the association of this polymorphism with pCAD in diabetic individuals. We genotyped the rs17574 polymorphism in 405 pCAD patients with T2DM, 736 without T2DM, and 852 normoglycemic individuals without pCAD and T2DM as controls. Serum DPP4 concentration was available in 818 controls, 669 pCAD without T2DM, and 339 pCAD with T2DM. The rs17574 polymorphism was associated with lower risk of pCAD (padditive = 0.007; pdominant = 0.003, pheterozygote = 0.003, pcodominant1 = 0.003). In pCAD with T2DM patients, DPP4 levels were lower when compared with controls (p < 0.001). In the whole sample, individuals with the rs17574 GG genotype have the lowest protein levels compared with AG and AA (p = 0.039) carriers. However, when the same analysis was repeated separately in all groups, a significant difference was observed in the pCAD with T2DM patients; carriers of the GG genotype had the lowest protein levels compared with AG and AA (p = 0.037) genotypes. Our results suggest that in diabetic patients, the rs17574G DPP4 allele could be considered as a protective genetic marker for pCAD. DPP4 concentrations were lower in the diabetic pCAD patients, and the rs17574GG carriers had the lowest protein levels.
Collapse
|
16
|
Dieter C, Brondani LDA, Leitão CB, Gerchman F, Lemos NE, Crispim D. Genetic polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to COVID-19 disease and severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270627. [PMID: 35793369 PMCID: PMC9258831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although advanced age and presence of comorbidities significantly impact the variation observed in the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, it has been suggested that genetic variants may also be involved in the disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis of the literature to identify genetic polymorphisms that are likely to contribute to COVID-19 pathogenesis. Pubmed, Embase and GWAS Catalog repositories were systematically searched to retrieve articles that investigated associations between polymorphisms and COVID-19. For polymorphisms analyzed in 3 or more studies, pooled OR with 95% CI were calculated using random or fixed effect models in the Stata Software. Sixty-four eligible articles were included in this review. In total, 8 polymorphisms in 7 candidate genes and 74 alleles of the HLA loci were analyzed in 3 or more studies. The HLA-A*30 and CCR5 rs333Del alleles were associated with protection against COVID-19 infection, while the APOE rs429358C allele was associated with risk for this disease. Regarding COVID-19 severity, the HLA-A*33, ACE1 Ins, and TMPRSS2 rs12329760T alleles were associated with protection against severe forms, while the HLA-B*38, HLA-C*6, and ApoE rs429358C alleles were associated with risk for severe forms of COVID-19. In conclusion, polymorphisms in the ApoE, ACE1, TMPRSS2, CCR5, and HLA loci appear to be involved in the susceptibility to and/or severity of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristine Dieter
- Endocrine and Metabolism Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Letícia de Almeida Brondani
- Endocrine and Metabolism Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Bauermann Leitão
- Endocrine and Metabolism Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gerchman
- Endocrine and Metabolism Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natália Emerim Lemos
- Endocrine and Metabolism Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrine and Metabolism Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Könönen E, Fteita D, Gursoy UK, Gursoy M. Prevotella species as oral residents and infectious agents with potential impact on systemic conditions. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2079814. [DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2079814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eija Könönen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Dareen Fteita
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi K. Gursoy
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mervi Gursoy
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alkharsah KR, Aljaroodi SA, Rahman JU, Alnafie AN, Al Dossary R, Aljindan RY, Alnimr AM, Hussen J. Low levels of soluble DPP4 among Saudis may have constituted a risk factor for MERS endemicity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266603. [PMID: 35413090 PMCID: PMC9004781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) were reported in Saudi Arabia. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) was identified as the receptor for the virus. The level of soluble DPP4 (sDPP4) was found to be reduced in MERS-CoV infected patients while high levels of sDPP4 were suggested to be protective against MERS-CoV in animal models. We investigated whether the Saudi population has lower levels of sDPP4 which makes them more susceptible to MERS-CoV infection and, therefore, could explain the larger number of cases from the country. Blood samples were collected from 219 Saudi blood donors and 200 blood donors from other ethnic groups. The plasma level of sDPP4 was measured by ELISA and the following SNPs in the DPP4 gene; rs35128070, rs1861978, rs79700168, and rs17574, were genotyped by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. The average level of plasma sDDP4 was significantly lower in Saudis than other Arabs and non-Arabs (P value 0.0003 and 0.012, respectively). The genotypes AG of rs35128070 and GT of rs1861978 were significantly associated with lower sDPP4 among Saudis (P value 0.002 for each). While both genotypes AA and AG of rs79700168 and rs17574 were associated with significantly lower average sDPP4 level in Saudis compared to other ethnic groups (P value 0.031 and 0.032, and 0.027 and 0.014, respectively). Herein, we report that the Saudi population has lower levels of plasma sDPP4 than other ethnic groups, which is associated with genetic variants in the DPP4 gene. This may have contributed to increase the susceptibility of the Saudi population to MERS-CoV infection and could be a factor in the long-lasting persistence of the virus in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled R. Alkharsah
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Salma Ali Aljaroodi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawad Ur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif N. Alnafie
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Al Dossary
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Y. Aljindan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani M. Alnimr
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is growing evidence that host genetics play an important role in COVID-19 severity. Based on current knowledge about the human protein machinery for SARS-CoV-2 entry, the host innate immune response, and virus-host interactions, the potential effects of human genetic polymorphisms, which may contribute to clinical differences in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, may help to determine the individual risk for COVID-19 infection and outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joris R Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marijn M Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The rs8176740 T/A and rs512770 T/C Genetic Variants of the ABO Gene Increased the Risk of COVID-19, as well as the Plasma Concentration Platelets. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040486. [PMID: 35454075 PMCID: PMC9027896 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a case-control study in order to evaluate whether ABO gene polymorphisms were associated with a high risk of developing COVID-19 in a cohort of patients. Six ABO gene polymorphisms (rs651007 T/C, rs579459 T/C, rs495828 T/G, rs8176746 A/C, rs8176740 T/A, and rs512770 T/C) were determined using TaqMan genotyping assays in a group of 415 COVID-19 patients and 288 healthy controls. The distribution of rs651007 T/C, rs579459 T/C, rs495828 T/G, and rs8176746 A/C polymorphisms was similar in patients and healthy controls. Nonetheless, under co-dominant (OR = 1.89, pCCo-dominant = 6 × 10−6), recessive (OR = 1.98, pCRecessive = 1 × 10−4), and additive (OR = 1.36, pCAdditive = 3 × 10−3) models, the TT genotype of the rs8176740 T/A polymorphism increased the risk of developing COVID-19. In the same way, under co-dominant, recessive, and additive models, the TT genotype of the rs512770 T/C polymorphism was associated with a high risk of developing COVID-19 (OR = 1.87, pCCo-dominant = 2 × 10−3; OR = 1.87, pCRecessive = 5 × 10−4; and OR = 1.35, pCAdditive = 4 × 10−3, respectively). On the other hand, the GTC and GAT haplotypes were associated with a high risk of COVID-19 (OR = 5.45, pC = 1 × 10−6 and OR = 6.33, pC = 1 × 10−6, respectively). In addition, the rs8176740 TT genotype was associated with high-platelet plasma concentrations in patients with COVID-19. Our data suggested that the ABO rs512770 T/C and rs8176740 T/A polymorphisms increased the risk of developing COVID-19 and the plasma concentration of platelets.
Collapse
|
21
|
Eslami N, Aghbash PS, Shamekh A, Entezari-Maleki T, Nahand JS, Sales AJ, Baghi HB. SARS-CoV-2: Receptor and Co-receptor Tropism Probability. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:133. [PMID: 35292865 PMCID: PMC8923825 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent pandemic which arose from China, is caused by a pathogenic virus named "severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)". Its rapid global expansion has inflicted an extreme public health concern. The attachment of receptor-binding domains (RBD) of the spike proteins (S) to the host cell's membrane, with or without the help of other cellular components such as proteases and especially co-receptors, is required for the first stage of its pathogenesis. In addition to humans, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is found on a wide range of vertebrate host's cellular surface. SARS-CoV-2 has a broad spectrum of tropism; thus, it can infect a vast range of tissues, organs, and hosts; even though the surface amino acids of the spike protein conflict in the receptor-binding region. Due to the heterogeneous ACE2 distribution and the presence of different domains on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for binding, the virus entry into diverse host cell types may depend on the host cells' receptor presentation with or without co-receptors. This review investigates multiple current types of receptor and co-receptor tropisms, with other molecular factors alongside their respective mechanisms, which facilitate the binding and entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the cells, extending the severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19 from this perspective can effectively help prevent this disease and provide more potent treatment strategies, particularly in vulnerable people with various cellular-level susceptibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Eslami
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166/15731, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Shiri Aghbash
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Shamekh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Entezari-Maleki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Jafari Sales
- Department of Microbiology School of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun BranchKazerun, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166/15731, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nádasdi Á, Sinkovits G, Bobek I, Lakatos B, Förhécz Z, Prohászka ZZ, Réti M, Arató M, Cseh G, Masszi T, Merkely B, Ferdinandy P, Vályi-Nagy I, Prohászka Z, Firneisz G. Decreased circulating dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme activity is prognostic for severe outcomes in COVID-19 inpatients. Biomark Med 2022; 16:317-330. [PMID: 35195023 PMCID: PMC8961475 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the serum circulating DPP4 activity in patients with COVID-19 disease. Materials & methods: Serum samples from 102 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 43 post-COVID-19 plasma donors and 39 SARS-CoV-2 naive controls and their medical data were used. Circulating DPP4 activities according to different COVID-19 disease peak severity (WHO) groups at sampling and at peak were assessed. Results: A significant decrease (p < 0.0001) in serum DPP4 activity was found in study groups of higher disease severity. When the circulating DPP4 activity was assessed as a prognostic marker, the logistic regression (p = 0.0023) indicated that the enzyme activity is a predictor of mortality (median 9.5 days before death) with receiver operating characteristic area under the curves of 73.33% (p[area = 0.5] < 0.0001) as single predictor and 83.45% (p[area = 0.5] < 0.0001) in combination with age among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Conclusion: Decreased circulating DPP4 activity is associated with severe COVID-19 disease and is a strong prognostic biomarker of mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - György Sinkovits
- Department of Internal Medicine & Haematology, Research Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Ilona Bobek
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Haematology & Infectious Diseases, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | - Botond Lakatos
- Department of Infectology, Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Haematology & Infectious Diseases, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Förhécz
- Department of Internal Medicine & Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Zita Z Prohászka
- Department of Internal Medicine & Haematology, Research Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Marienn Réti
- Department of Haematology & Stem Cell Transplantation, Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Haematology & Infectious Diseases, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | | | | | - Tamás Masszi
- Department of Internal Medicine & Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary.,Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - István Vályi-Nagy
- Central Hospital of Southern Pest, National Institute of Haematology & Infectious Diseases, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Prohászka
- Department of Internal Medicine & Haematology, Research Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Adli A, Rahimi M, Khodaie R, Hashemzaei N, Hosseini SM. Role of Genetic Variants and Host Polymorphisms on COVID‐19: From Viral Entrance Mechanisms to Immunological Reactions. J Med Virol 2022; 94:1846-1865. [PMID: 35076118 PMCID: PMC9015257 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by a highly pathogenic emerging virus, is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of this virus is in infancy; however, investigation on the pathogenic mechanisms of the SARS‐CoV‐2 is underway. In COVID‐19, one of the most remarkable characteristics is the wide range of disease manifestation and severity seen across individuals of different ethnic backgrounds and geographical locations. To effectively manage COVID‐19 in the populations, beyond SARS‐CoV‐2 detection, serological response assessment, and analytic techniques, it is critical to obtain knowledge about at‐risk individuals and comprehend the identified variations in the disease's severity in general and also in the populations' levels. Several factors can contribute to variation in disease presentation, including population density, gender and age differences, and comorbid circumstances including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity. Genetic factors presumably influence SARS‐CoV‐2 infection susceptibility. Besides this, COVID‐19 has also been linked with a higher risk of mortality in men and certain ethnic groups, revealing that host genetic characteristics may affect the individual risk of death. Also, genetic variants involved in pathologic processes, including virus entrance into cells, antiviral immunity, and inflammatory response, are not entirely understood. Regarding SARS‐CoV‐2 infection characteristics, the present review suggests that various genetic polymorphisms influence virus pathogenicity and host immunity, which might have significant implications for understanding and interpreting the matter of genetics in SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenicity and customized integrative medical care based on population investigation. Genetic factors presumably influence SARS‐CoV‐2 infection susceptibility. Genetic variants were involved in the pathologic processes of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Various genetic polymorphisms influence virus pathogenicity and host immunity. Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) may play a vital role in SARS‐CoV‐2 susceptibility. Polymorphisms in several genes such as IL‐6, TMPRSS2, IFITM3, CD26, ACE, and DBP were associated with the COVID‐19 severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Adli
- Human Genetic Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehran1435916471Iran
| | - Mandana Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Reza Khodaie
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | | | - Sayed Mostafa Hosseini
- Human Genetic Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehran1435916471Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang Y, Lu L, Liu Y, Yang A, Yang Y. Predicting the Molecular Mechanism of Shenling Baizhu San in Treating Convalescent Patients With COVID-19 Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211046069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Shenling Baizhu San (SBS) was selected as the regimen for the treatment of COVID-19 in Guangdong Province. It is mainly used for the convalescent treatment of COVID-19 patients with deficiency of both lung and spleen. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of SBS in the treatment of COVID-19 through network pharmacology combined with molecular docking. Methods: The targets of active components of SBS were collected through Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) and ETCM databases. Using the Genecards, TTD, OMIM and other databases, the targets of COVID-19 were determined. The next step was to use a string database to build a protein–protein interactions (PPI) network between proteins, and use David database to perform gene ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis on core targets. Then we used Cytoscape software to construct the active ingredients-core target-signaling pathway network, and finally the active ingredients of SBS were molecularly docked with the core targets to predict the mechanism of SBS in the treatment of COVID-19. Results: A total of 177 active compounds, 43 core targets and 58 signaling pathways were selected. Molecular docking results showed that the binding energies of the top six active components and the targets were all less than −5 kcal/MOL. Conclusion: The potential mechanism of action of SBS in the treatment of COVID-19 may be associated with the regulation of genes co-expressed with IL6, DPP4, PTGS2, PTGS1 and TNF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Li Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - YiWen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - AiXia Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| |
Collapse
|