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Luo S, Wang Y, Hisatsune T. P2Y1 receptor in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:440-453. [PMID: 38819047 PMCID: PMC11317937 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most frequent form of dementia characterized by the deposition of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau. Targeting amyloid-beta plaques has been a primary direction for developing Alzheimer's disease treatments in the last decades. However, existing drugs targeting amyloid-beta plaques have not fully yielded the expected results in the clinic, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapeutic strategies. Increasing evidence unravels that astrocyte morphology and function alter in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients, with dysregulated astrocytic purinergic receptors, particularly the P2Y1 receptor, all of which constitute the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. These receptors are not only crucial for maintaining normal astrocyte function but are also highly implicated in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. This review delves into recent insights into the association between P2Y1 receptor and Alzheimer's disease to underscore the potential neuroprotective role of P2Y1 receptor in Alzheimer's disease by mitigating neuroinflammation, thus offering promising avenues for developing drugs for Alzheimer's disease and potentially contributing to the development of more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Luo
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Hisatsune
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
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2
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Bhargava Y, Kottapalli A, Baths V. Validation and comparison of virtual reality and 3D mobile games for cognitive assessment against ACE-III in 82 young participants. Sci Rep 2024; 14:23918. [PMID: 39397120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-75065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Current medical and clinical ecosystem for dementia detection is inadequate for its early detection. Traditional cognitive assessments are introduced after cognitive impairment has begun to disrupt the real-world functioning of the person. Moreover, these tools are paper-pen based and fail to replicate the real-world situations wherein the person ultimately lives, acts and grows. The lack of tools for early detection of dementia, combined with absence of reliable pharmacological cure compound the problems associated with dementia diagnosis and care. Advancement of technology has facilitated early prediction of disease like cancer, diabetes, heart disease, but hardly any such translation has been observed for dementia or cognitive impairment. Given this background, we examine the potential of Virtual Reality (VR) and 3D Mobile-based goal-oriented games for cognitive assessment. We evaluate three games (2 in VR, one in mobile) among 82 young participants (aged 18-28 years) and compare and contrast the game-based results with their Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination (ACE-III) scores. Three main analysis methods are used: Correlative, Z-score and Regression analysis. Positive correlation was observed for ACE-III and game-based scores. Z-scores analysis revealed no difference between the two scores, and stronger statistical significance was found between game scores and cognitive health factors like age, smoking compared to ACE-III. Specific game performances also revealed about real-world traits of participants, like hand-use confusion and direction confusion. Results establish the plausibility of using goal-oriented games for more granular, time-based, and functional cognitive assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesoda Bhargava
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Ashwani Kottapalli
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Veeky Baths
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India.
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3
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Tian Q, Li Z, Yan Z, Jiang S, Zhao X, Wang L, Li M. Inflammatory role of S100A8/A9 in the central nervous system non-neoplastic diseases. Brain Res Bull 2024:111100. [PMID: 39396712 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
S100A8 (MRP8) and S100A9 (MRP14) are critical mediators of the inflammatory response; they are usually present as heterodimers because of the instability of homodimers. Studies have demonstrated that S100A8/A9 expression is significantly upregulated in several central nervous system (CNS) diseases. S100A8/A9 is actively released by neutrophils and monocytes; it plays a key role in regulating the inflammatory response by stimulating leukocyte recruitment and inducing cytokine secretion during inflammation. Additionally, S100A8/A9 can be used as a diagnostic biomarker for several CNS diseases and as a predictor of therapeutic response to inflammation-related diseases. In this work, we reviewed our current understanding of S100A8/A9 overexpression in inflammation and its importance in the development and progression of CNS inflammatory diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and stroke, and the functional roles and therapeutic applications of S100A8/A9 in these diseases. Finally, we discussed the current barriers and future research directions of S100A8/A9 in CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Ziang Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Shengming Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xincan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, 443000, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China.
| | - Mingchang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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Main LR, Song YE, Lynn A, Laux RA, Miskimen KL, Osterman MD, Cuccaro ML, Ogrocki PK, Lerner AJ, Vance JM, Fuzzell D, Fuzzell SL, Hochstetler SD, Dorfsman DA, Caywood LJ, Prough MB, Adams LD, Clouse JE, Herington SD, Scott WK, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL. Genetic analysis of cognitive preservation in the midwestern Amish reveals a novel locus on chromosome 2. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 39376159 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a debilitating condition with limited treatments and additional therapeutic targets needed. Identifying AD protective genetic loci may identify new targets and accelerate identification of therapeutic treatments. We examined a founder population to identify loci associated with cognitive preservation into advanced age. METHODS Genome-wide association and linkage analyses were performed on 946 examined and sampled Amish individuals, aged 76-95, who were either cognitively unimpaired (CU) or impaired (CI). RESULTS A total of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) demonstrated suggestive association (P ≤ 5 × 10-4) with cognitive preservation. Genetic linkage analyses identified > 100 significant (logarithm of the odds [LOD] ≥ 3.3) SNPs, some which overlapped with the association results. Only one locus on chromosome 2 retained significance across multiple analyses. DISCUSSION A novel significant result for cognitive preservation on chromosome 2 includes the genes LRRTM4 and CTNNA2. Additionally, the lead SNP, rs1402906, impacts the POU3F2 transcription factor binding affinity, which regulates LRRTM4 and CTNNA2. HIGHLIGHTS GWAS and linkage identified over 100 loci associated with cognitive preservation. One locus on Chromosome 2 retained significance over multiple analyses. Predicted TFBSs near rs1402906 regulate genes associated with neurocognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leighanne R Main
- Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Cleveland Institute of Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yeunjoo E Song
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Cleveland Institute of Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Audrey Lynn
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Cleveland Institute of Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Renee A Laux
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristy L Miskimen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael D Osterman
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael L Cuccaro
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Paula K Ogrocki
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alan J Lerner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Denise Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarada L Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sherri D Hochstetler
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel A Dorfsman
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Laura J Caywood
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael B Prough
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Larry D Adams
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jason E Clouse
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sharlene D Herington
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - William K Scott
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Cleveland Institute of Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Samuels JD, Lukens JR, Price RJ. Emerging roles for ITAM and ITIM receptor signaling in microglial biology and Alzheimer's disease-related amyloidosis. J Neurochem 2024; 168:3558-3573. [PMID: 37822118 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are critical responders to amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, the therapeutic targeting of microglia in AD is of high clinical interest. While previous investigation has focused on the innate immune receptors governing microglial functions in response to Aβ plaques, how microglial innate immune responses are regulated is not well understood. Interestingly, many of these microglial innate immune receptors contain unique cytoplasmic motifs, termed immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activating and inhibitory motifs (ITAM/ITIM), that are commonly known to regulate immune activation and inhibition in the periphery. In this review, we summarize the diverse functions employed by microglia in response to Aβ plaques and also discuss the innate immune receptors and intracellular signaling players that guide these functions. Specifically, we focus on the role of ITAM and ITIM signaling cascades in regulating microglia innate immune responses. A better understanding of how microglial innate immune responses are regulated in AD may provide novel therapeutic avenues to tune the microglial innate immune response in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Samuels
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia (UVA), Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - John R Lukens
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia (UVA), Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Richard J Price
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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6
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Wang L, Yuan X, Cai Q, Chen Y, Jia Z, Mai Q, Liu J, Liu Y. Mitochondria-targeting Cu 2-xSe-TPP with dual enzyme activity alleviates Alzheimer's disease by modulating oxidative stress. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 245:114244. [PMID: 39366108 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in microglia has been implicated as a key pathogenesis of most neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abnormal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neuroinflammation caused by mitochondrial oxidative stress are important factors leading to neuronal death in AD. Herein, a "dual brake" strategy to synergistically halt mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation targeting mitochondria in microglia is proposed. To achieve this goal, (3-carboxypropyl) triphenyl-phosphonium bromide (TPP)-modified Cu2-xSe nanozymes (Cu2-xSe-TPP NPs) with dual enzyme-like activities was designed. Cu2-xSe-TPP NPs with superoxide dismutase-mimetic (SOD) and catalase-mimetic (CAT) activities can effectively scavenge ROS in the mitochondria of microglia and relieve mitochondrial oxidative stress. In vivo studies demonstrated that Cu2-xSe-TPP NPs can alleviate oxidative stress and promote neuroprotection in the hippocampus of AD model mice. In addition, Cu2-xSe-TPP NPs can regulate the polarization of microglia from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, promote Aβ phagocytosis and reshape the AD inflammatory microenvironment, thus effectively attenuating AD neuropathology and rescuing cognitive deficits in AD model mice. Taken together, this strategy preventing mitochondrial damage and remodeling the inflammatory microenvironment will provide a new perspective for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Wang
- Shenzhen Longhua Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, China; College of Chemistry and Materials Science of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qianyu Cai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhi Jia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiongmei Mai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yanan Liu
- Shenzhen Longhua Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, China.
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7
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Dahl R, Bezprozvanny I. SERCA pump as a novel therapeutic target for treating neurodegenerative disorders. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 734:150748. [PMID: 39340928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
The neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD) and Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), present an enormous medical, social, financial and scientific problem. Despite intense research into the causes of these disorders, only marginal progress has been made in the clinic and no cures exist for any of them. Most of the scientific effort has been focused on identification of the major causes of these diseases and on developing ways to target them, such as targeting amyloid accumulation for AD or targeting expression of mutant Huntingtin for HD. Calcium (Ca2+) signaling has long been proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, but blockers of Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ signaling proteins have not been translated to clinic primarily due to side effects related to the important roles of target molecules for these compounds at the peripheral tissues. In this review article, we would like to discuss an idea that recently identified positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium (SERCA) pump may provide a promising approach to develop therapeutic compounds for treatment of these disorders. This hypothesis is supported by the preclinical data obtained with animal models of AD and PD. The first critical test of this idea will be an imminent phase I study that will offer an opportunity to evaluate potential side effects of this class of compounds in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Dahl
- Neurodon Corporation, 9800 Connecticut Drive, Crown Point, IN, 46307, USA.
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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8
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Wu M, Cheng Y, Zhang R, Han W, Jiang H, Bi C, Zhang Z, Ye M, Lin X, Liu Z. Molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategy of bile acids in Alzheimer's disease from the emerging perspective of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117228. [PMID: 39088965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β outside neurons and Tau protein inside neurons. Various pathological mechanisms are implicated in AD, including brain insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, and endocrinal dysregulation of adrenal corticosteroids. These factors collectively contribute to neuronal damage and destruction. Recently, bile acids (BAs), which are metabolites of cholesterol, have shown neuroprotective potential against AD by targeting the above pathological changes. BAs can enter the systematic circulation and cross the blood-brain barrier, subsequently exerting neuroprotective effects by targeting several endogenous receptors. Additionally, BAs interact with the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis to improve immune and neuroendocrine function during AD episodes. Gut microbes impact BA signaling in the brain through their involvement in BA biotransformation. In this review, we summarize the role and molecular mechanisms of BAs in AD while considering the MGB axis and propose novel strategies for preventing the onset and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital (Affiliated Mental Health Center, Medical College of Shaoxing University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China; Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongyi Cheng
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruolin Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenwen Han
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanqi Jiang
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenchen Bi
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengfei Ye
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital (Affiliated Mental Health Center, Medical College of Shaoxing University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuqin Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital (Affiliated Mental Health Center, Medical College of Shaoxing University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
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Kirby A, Porter T, Adewuyi EO, Laws SM. Investigating Genetic Overlap between Alzheimer's Disease, Lipids, and Coronary Artery Disease: A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Cross Trait Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8814. [PMID: 39201500 PMCID: PMC11354907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
There is evidence to support a link between abnormal lipid metabolism and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Similarly, observational studies suggest a comorbid relationship between AD and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the intricate biological mechanisms of AD are poorly understood, and its relationship with lipids and CAD traits remains unresolved. Conflicting evidence further underscores the ongoing investigation into this research area. Here, we systematically assess the cross-trait genetic overlap of AD with 13 representative lipids (from eight classes) and seven CAD traits, leveraging robust analytical methods, well-powered large-scale genetic data, and rigorous replication testing. Our main analysis demonstrates a significant positive global genetic correlation of AD with triglycerides and all seven CAD traits assessed-angina pectoris, cardiac dysrhythmias, coronary arteriosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, non-specific chest pain, and coronary artery disease. Gene-level analyses largely reinforce these findings and highlight the genetic overlap between AD and three additional lipids: high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and total cholesterol. Moreover, we identify genome-wide significant genes (Fisher's combined p value [FCPgene] < 2.60 × 10-6) shared across AD, several lipids, and CAD traits, including WDR12, BAG6, HLA-DRA, PHB, ZNF652, APOE, APOC4, PVRL2, and TOMM40. Mendelian randomisation analysis found no evidence of a significant causal relationship between AD, lipids, and CAD traits. However, local genetic correlation analysis identifies several local pleiotropic hotspots contributing to the relationship of AD with lipids and CAD traits across chromosomes 6, 8, 17, and 19. Completing a three-way analysis, we confirm a strong genetic correlation between lipids and CAD traits-HDL and sphingomyelin demonstrate negative correlations, while LDL, triglycerides, and total cholesterol show positive correlations. These findings support genetic overlap between AD, specific lipids, and CAD traits, implicating shared but non-causal genetic susceptibility. The identified shared genes and pleiotropic hotspots are valuable targets for further investigation into AD and, potentially, its comorbidity with CAD traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artika Kirby
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (A.K.); (T.P.)
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Tenielle Porter
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (A.K.); (T.P.)
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Emmanuel O. Adewuyi
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (A.K.); (T.P.)
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Simon M. Laws
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (A.K.); (T.P.)
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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10
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Rai SP, Ansari AH, Singh D, Singh S. Coffee, antioxidants, and brain inflammation. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2024; 289:123-150. [PMID: 39168577 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Coffee is the most popular beverage in the world and, aside from tea and water, the most often consumed caffeine-containing beverage. Because of its high caffeine concentration, it is typically classified as a stimulant. There are other bioactive ingredients in coffee besides caffeine. The coffee beverage is a blend of several bioactive substances, including diterpenes (cafestol and kahweol), alkaloids (caffeine and trigonelline), and polyphenols (particularly chlorogenic acids in green beans and caffeic acid in roasted coffee beans). Caffeine has also been linked to additional beneficial benefits such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which change cellular redox and inflammatory status in a dose-dependent manner. Pyrocatechol, a constituent of roasted coffee that is created when chlorogenic acid is thermally broken down, has anti-inflammatory properties as well. It is postulated that coffee consumption reduces neuroinflammation, which is intimately linked to the onset of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD). This review provides an overview of the most recent studies regarding coffee's possible benefits in preventing brain inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayam Prabha Rai
- Department of Zoology, S.S. Khanna Girls' Degree College (A Constituent College of University of Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atifa Haseeb Ansari
- Department of Zoology, S.S. Khanna Girls' Degree College (A Constituent College of University of Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Durgesh Singh
- Department of Zoology, S.S. Khanna Girls' Degree College (A Constituent College of University of Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sippy Singh
- Department of Zoology, S.S. Khanna Girls' Degree College (A Constituent College of University of Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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11
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Sun Z, Zhang B, Smith S, Atan D, Khawaja AP, Stuart KV, Luben RN, Biradar MI, McGillivray T, Patel PJ, Khaw PT, Petzold A, Foster PJ. Structural correlations between brain magnetic resonance image-derived phenotypes and retinal neuroanatomy. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16288. [PMID: 38716763 PMCID: PMC11235673 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The eye is a well-established model of brain structure and function, yet region-specific structural correlations between the retina and the brain remain underexplored. Therefore, we aim to explore and describe the relationships between the retinal layer thicknesses and brain magnetic resonance image (MRI)-derived phenotypes in UK Biobank. METHODS Participants with both quality-controlled optical coherence tomography (OCT) and brain MRI were included in this study. Retinal sublayer thicknesses and total macular thickness were derived from OCT scans. Brain image-derived phenotypes (IDPs) of 153 cortical and subcortical regions were processed from MRI scans. We utilized multivariable linear regression models to examine the association between retinal thickness and brain regional volumes. All analyses were corrected for multiple testing and adjusted for confounders. RESULTS Data from 6446 participants were included in this study. We identified significant associations between volumetric brain MRI measures of subregions in the occipital lobe (intracalcarine cortex), parietal lobe (postcentral gyrus), cerebellum (lobules VI, VIIb, VIIIa, VIIIb, and IX), and deep brain structures (thalamus, hippocampus, caudate, putamen, pallidum, and accumbens) and the thickness of the innermost retinal sublayers and total macular thickness (all p < 3.3 × 10-5). We did not observe statistically significant associations between brain IDPs and the thickness of the outer retinal sublayers. CONCLUSIONS Thinner inner and total retinal thicknesses are associated with smaller volumes of specific brain regions. Notably, these relationships extend beyond anatomically established retina-brain connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Sun
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
| | - Bing Zhang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Stephen Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Building)University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Denize Atan
- Bristol Eye HospitalUniversity Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation TrustBristolUK
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Anthony P. Khawaja
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
| | - Kelsey V. Stuart
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
| | - Robert N. Luben
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
| | - Mahantesh I. Biradar
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
| | | | - Praveen J. Patel
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
| | - Peng T. Khaw
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
| | - Axel Petzold
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Department of Molecular NeurosciencesMoorfields Eye Hospital and National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryLondonUK
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology and Expertise Center for Neuro‐ophthalmologyAmsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Foster
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
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12
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Saunders S, Gomes-Osman J, Jannati A, Ciesla M, Banks R, Showalter J, Muniz-Terrera G, Luz S, Ritchie C, Pascual-Leone Á. Towards a lifelong personalized brain health program: empowering individuals to define, pursue, and monitor meaningful outcomes. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1387206. [PMID: 38899057 PMCID: PMC11186480 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1387206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Incorporating person-centered outcomes into clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases has been challenging due to a deficiency in quantitative measures. Meanwhile, the integration of personally meaningful treatment targets in clinical practice remains qualitative, failing to truly inform evaluations, therapeutic interventions and longitudinal monitoring and support. We discuss the current advances and future directions in capturing individualized brain health outcomes and present an approach to integrate person-centered outcome in a scalable manner. Our approach stems from the evidence-based electronic Person-Specific Outcome Measure (ePSOM) program which prompts an individual to define personally meaningful treatment priorities and report level of confidence in managing items that matter to the individual the most (e.g., "Do I feel confident in my ability to contribute to a conversation?"). Deployed either as a single version (person only) or a dyad version (person and care partner), our proposed tool could be used as an endpoint in clinical trials, offering proof of meaningful intervention benefits and in clinical practice, by establishing an anchor for the therapeutic objectives sought by the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Saunders
- Linus Health Inc., Boston, MA, United States
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Joyce Gomes-Osman
- Linus Health Inc., Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ali Jannati
- Linus Health Inc., Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Russell Banks
- Linus Health Inc., Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Communicative Sciences & Disorders, College of Arts & Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Scottish Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Saturnino Luz
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Ritchie
- Scottish Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Population and Behavioural Sciences Division, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Álvaro Pascual-Leone
- Linus Health Inc., Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
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13
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Meng X, Cui W, Liang Q, Zhang B, Wei Y. Trends and hotspots in tea and Alzheimer's disease research from 2014 to 2023: A bibliometric and visual analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30063. [PMID: 38699003 PMCID: PMC11064447 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The positive effects of tea on Alzheimer's disease (AD) have increasingly captured researchers' attention. Nevertheless, the quantitative comprehensive analysis in the relevant literatur is lack. This paper aims to thoroughly examine the current research status and hotspots from 2014 to 2023, providing a valuable reference for subsequent research. Methods Documents spanning from 2014 to 2023 were searched from the Web of Science, and the R software, VOSviewer, and Citespace software were used for analysis and visualization. Results A total of 374 documents were contained in the study. The rate of article publications exhibited a consistent increase each year from 2014 to 2023. Notably, China emerged as the leading country in terms of published articles, followed by the United States and India. Simultaneously, China is also in a leading position in cooperation with other countries. Molecules emerged as the most frequently published journal, while the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease secured the top spot in terms of citations. The identified main keywords included oxidative stress, amyloid, epigallocatechin gallate, and green tea polyphenol, among others. These focal areas delved into the antioxidative and anti-amyloid aggregation actions of tea's polyphenolic components. Furthermore, the particularly way in which epigallocatechin gallate delivers neuroprotective outcomes by influencing molecules related to AD represents a focal point of research. Conclusion The increasing attention from researchers on the role of tea in ameliorating AD positions it as a hot spot in the development of anti-AD drugs in the development of future. Through our generalized analysis of the current landscape and hotspots regarding tea's application in AD, this study provides an estimable reference for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Department of Scientific Research, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yingxiu Wei
- Department of Neurology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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14
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Hou K, Pan H, Shahpasand-Kroner H, Hu C, Abskharon R, Seidler P, Mekkittikul M, Balbirnie M, Lantz C, Sawaya MR, Dolinsky JL, Jones M, Zuo X, Loo JA, Frautschy S, Cole G, Eisenberg DS. D-peptide-magnetic nanoparticles fragment tau fibrils and rescue behavioral deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl2991. [PMID: 38691615 PMCID: PMC11062580 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl2991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils of tau are increasingly accepted as a cause of neuronal death and brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Diminishing tau aggregation is a promising strategy in the search for efficacious AD therapeutics. Previously, our laboratory designed a six-residue, nonnatural amino acid inhibitor D-TLKIVW peptide (6-DP), which can prevent tau aggregation in vitro. However, it cannot block cell-to-cell transmission of tau aggregation. Here, we find D-TLKIVWC (7-DP), a d-cysteine extension of 6-DP, not only prevents tau aggregation but also fragments tau fibrils extracted from AD brains to neutralize their seeding ability and protect neuronal cells from tau-induced toxicity. To facilitate the transport of 7-DP across the blood-brain barrier, we conjugated it to magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The MNPs-DP complex retains the inhibition and fragmentation properties of 7-DP alone. Ten weeks of MNPs-DP treatment appear to reverse neurological deficits in the PS19 mouse model of AD. This work offers a direction for development of therapies to target tau fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA-DOE Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hope Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA-DOE Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hedieh Shahpasand-Kroner
- Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Geriatric Research and Clinical Core, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA-DOE Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Romany Abskharon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA-DOE Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul Seidler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA-DOE Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marisa Mekkittikul
- Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Geriatric Research and Clinical Core, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melinda Balbirnie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA-DOE Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carter Lantz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R. Sawaya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA-DOE Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua L. Dolinsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA-DOE Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mychica Jones
- Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Geriatric Research and Clinical Core, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaohong Zuo
- Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Geriatric Research and Clinical Core, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA-DOE Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sally Frautschy
- Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Geriatric Research and Clinical Core, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Greg Cole
- Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Geriatric Research and Clinical Core, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David S. Eisenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA-DOE Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Gong Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Weng F, Chen T, He L. Curculigoside, a traditional Chinese medicine monomer, ameliorates oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease mouse model via suppressing ferroptosis. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2462-2481. [PMID: 38444049 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder where oxidative stress, induced by ferroptosis, has been linked to neuronal damage and cognitive deficits. The objective of this study is to investigate if the potential therapeutic agent, Curculigoside (CUR), could ameliorate AD by inhibiting ferroptosis. The potential therapeutic targets, such as GPX4 and SLC7A11, were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Concurrently, CUR was also screened against these potential targets using various analytical methods. For the in vivo studies, intragastric administration of CUR significantly ameliorated cognitive impairment in AD model mice induced by scopolamine and okadaic acid (OA). In vitro, CUR protected neuronal cells by altering the levels of ferroptosis-related specific markers in OA and scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity. The administration of CUR through intragastric route significantly reduced the levels of AD-promoting factors (such as Aβ1-42, p-tau) and ferroptosis-promoting factors in the hippocampus and cortex of AD mice. Furthermore, CUR up-regulated the expression of GPX4 and decreased the expression of SLC7A11 in the ferroptosis signaling pathway, thereby increasing the ratio of glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in vivo and vitro. In conclusion, the cumulative results suggest that the natural compound CUR may serve as a promising therapeutic agent to ameliorate AD by inhibiting ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fanglin Weng
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Song Z, Wang KW, Hagar HTC, Chen HR, Kuan CY, Zhang K, Kuo MH. Hyperphosphorylated Tau Inflicts Intracellular Stress Responses that Are Mitigated by Apomorphine. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2653-2671. [PMID: 37919601 PMCID: PMC11043184 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal phosphorylation of the microtubule-binding protein tau in the brain is a key pathological marker for Alzheimer's disease and additional neurodegenerative tauopathies. However, how hyperphosphorylated tau causes cellular dysfunction or death that underlies neurodegeneration remains an unsolved question critical for the understanding of disease mechanism and the design of efficacious drugs. Using a recombinant hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) synthesized by the PIMAX approach, we examined how cells responded to the cytotoxic tau and explored means to enhance cellular resistance to tau attack. Upon p-tau uptake, the intracellular calcium levels rose promptly. Gene expression analyses revealed that p-tau potently triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, unfolded protein response (UPR), ER stress-associated apoptosis, and pro-inflammation in cells. Proteomics studies showed that p-tau diminished heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an ER stress-associated anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress regulator, while stimulated the accumulation of MIOS and other proteins. p-Tau-induced ER stress-associated apoptosis and pro-inflammation are ameliorated by apomorphine, a brain-permeable prescription drug widely used to treat Parkinson's disease symptoms, and by overexpression of HO-1. Our results reveal probable cellular functions targeted by hyperphosphorylated tau. Some of these dysfunctions and stress responses have been linked to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. The observations that the ill effects of p-tau can be mitigated by a small compound and by overexpressing HO-1 that is otherwise diminished in the treated cells inform new directions of Alzheimer's disease drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Song
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Kuang-Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Hsiao-Tien Chien Hagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Hong-Ru Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Present address: Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, 112304
| | - Chia-Yi Kuan
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Min-Hao Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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17
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Yoon JH, Lee D, Lee C, Cho E, Lee S, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Kim K, Chae S, Dennis EA, Suh PG. Paradigm shift required for translational research on the brain. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1043-1054. [PMID: 38689090 PMCID: PMC11148129 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research on the brain has led to many discoveries and developments, such as understanding human consciousness and the mind and overcoming brain diseases. However, historical biomedical research on the brain has unique characteristics that differ from those of conventional biomedical research. For example, there are different scientific interpretations due to the high complexity of the brain and insufficient intercommunication between researchers of different disciplines owing to the limited conceptual and technical overlap of distinct backgrounds. Therefore, the development of biomedical research on the brain has been slower than that in other areas. Brain biomedical research has recently undergone a paradigm shift, and conducting patient-centered, large-scale brain biomedical research has become possible using emerging high-throughput analysis tools. Neuroimaging, multiomics, and artificial intelligence technology are the main drivers of this new approach, foreshadowing dramatic advances in translational research. In addition, emerging interdisciplinary cooperative studies provide insights into how unresolved questions in biomedicine can be addressed. This review presents the in-depth aspects of conventional biomedical research and discusses the future of biomedical research on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyuk Yoon
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongha Lee
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Chany Lee
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Cho
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulah Lee
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry and Precision Medicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Kipom Kim
- Research Strategy Office, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyun Chae
- Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Korean Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0601, USA
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
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18
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Chen Y, Lai M, Tao M. Evaluating the efficacy and safety of Alzheimer's disease drugs: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37799. [PMID: 38640313 PMCID: PMC11029996 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Dementia severity was assessed mainly through cognitive function, psychobehavioral symptoms, and daily living ability. Currently, there are not many drugs that can be selected to treat mild to moderate AD, and the value of drugs remains controversial. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the efficacy and safety of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), memantine, and sodium oligomannate (GV-971) in the treatment of patients with AD. Additionally, molecular docking analysis will be used to investigate the binding affinities of donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine with key receptor proteins associated with AD, including beta-amyloid (Abeta), microtubule-associated protein (MAP), apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), and Mitofusin-2 (MFN2), to further validate the results of the meta-analysis. METHODS We obtained clinical trials characterized by randomization, placebo control, and double-blinded methodologies concerning ChEIs, memantine, and GV-971. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager Version 5.4 software. Molecular docking was also conducted to evaluate the results. RESULTS All drugs improved the cognitive function, with the effect value ranging from -1.23 (95% CI -2.17 to -0.30) for 20 mg memantine to -3.29 (95% CI -4.14 to -2.45) for 32 mg galantamine. Although 32 mg galanthamine and GV-971 did not improve the clinicians' Global Impression of Change scale, other drugs showed significant results compared with placebo. On NPI, only 10 mg of donepezil and 24 mg of galantamine had improvement effects. On ADCS/ADL, only 20 mg memantine and 900 mg GV-971 had no significant difference from the placebo. Donepezil 5 mg and GV-971 900 mg did not increase the drug withdrawal rates due to various reasons or adverse reactions when compared to the placebo. Donepezil demonstrated superior binding to the protein and exhibited greater efficacy compared to other drugs. CONCLUSION ChEIs, memantine, and GV-971 all can slow the progression of AD but have different effects on respective assessments. Donepezil and GV-971 were relatively well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Lai
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Tao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Morgan DG, Lamb BT. Transgenic amyloid precursor protein mouse models of amyloidosis. Incomplete models for Alzheimer's disease but effective predictors of anti-amyloid therapies. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1459-1464. [PMID: 38085800 PMCID: PMC10916971 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice are models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloidosis, not all of AD. Diffuse, compacted, and vascular deposits in APP mice mimic those found in AD cases. METHODS Most interventional studies in APP mice start treatment early in the process of amyloid deposition, consistent with a prevention treatment regimen. Most clinical trials treat patients with established amyloid deposits in a therapeutic treatment regimen. RESULTS The first treatment to reduce amyloid and cognitive impairment in mice was immunotherapy. The APP mouse models not only predicted efficacy, but presaged the vascular leakage called ARIA. The recent immunotherapy clinical trials that removed amyloid and slowed cognitive decline confirms the utility of these early APP models when used in therapeutic designs. DISCUSSION New mouse models of AD pathologies will add to the research armamentarium, but the early models have accurately predicted responses to amyloid therapies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Morgan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, and Alzheimer's AllianceCollege of Human MedicineMichigan State UniversityGrand RapidsMichiganUSA
| | - Bruce T. Lamb
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsStark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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20
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Fertan E, Böken D, Murray A, Danial JSH, Lam JYL, Wu Y, Goh PA, Alić I, Cheetham MR, Lobanova E, Zhang YP, Nižetić D, Klenerman D. Cerebral organoids with chromosome 21 trisomy secrete Alzheimer's disease-related soluble aggregates detectable by single-molecule-fluorescence and super-resolution microscopy. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:369-386. [PMID: 38102482 PMCID: PMC11116105 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role of small, soluble aggregates of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of great importance for the rational design of preventative therapies. Here we report a set of methods for the detection, quantification, and characterisation of soluble aggregates in conditioned media of cerebral organoids derived from human iPSCs with trisomy 21, thus containing an extra copy of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene. We detected soluble beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau aggregates secreted by cerebral organoids from both control and the isogenic trisomy 21 (T21) genotype. We developed a novel method to normalise measurements to the number of live neurons within organoid-conditioned media based on glucose consumption. Thus normalised, T21 organoids produced 2.5-fold more Aβ aggregates with a higher proportion of larger (300-2000 nm2) and more fibrillary-shaped aggregates than controls, along with 1.3-fold more soluble phosphorylated tau (pTau) aggregates, increased inflammasome ASC-specks, and a higher level of oxidative stress inducing thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). Importantly, all this was detectable prior to the appearance of histological amyloid plaques or intraneuronal tau-pathology in organoid slices, demonstrating the feasibility to model the initial pathogenic mechanisms for AD in-vitro using cells from live genetically pre-disposed donors before the onset of clinical disease. Then, using different iPSC clones generated from the same donor at different times in two independent experiments, we tested the reproducibility of findings in organoids. While there were differences in rates of disease progression between the experiments, the disease mechanisms were conserved. Overall, our results show that it is possible to non-invasively follow the development of pathology in organoid models of AD over time, by monitoring changes in the aggregates and proteins in the conditioned media, and open possibilities to study the time-course of the key pathogenic processes taking place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Fertan
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Dorothea Böken
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Aoife Murray
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John S H Danial
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Jeff Y L Lam
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Yunzhao Wu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Pollyanna A Goh
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Ivan Alić
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matthew R Cheetham
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Evgeniia Lobanova
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Yu P Zhang
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Dean Nižetić
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Klenerman
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK.
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21
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Sunderaraman P, De Anda‐Duran I, Karjadi C, Peterson J, Ding H, Devine SA, Shih LC, Popp Z, Low S, Hwang PH, Goyal K, Hathaway L, Monteverde J, Lin H, Kolachalama VB, Au R. Design and Feasibility Analysis of a Smartphone-Based Digital Cognitive Assessment Study in the Framingham Heart Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031348. [PMID: 38226510 PMCID: PMC10926817 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone-based digital technology is increasingly being recognized as a cost-effective, scalable, and noninvasive method of collecting longitudinal cognitive and behavioral data. Accordingly, a state-of-the-art 3-year longitudinal project focused on collecting multimodal digital data for early detection of cognitive impairment was developed. METHODS AND RESULTS A smartphone application collected 2 modalities of cognitive data, digital voice and screen-based behaviors, from the FHS (Framingham Heart Study) multigenerational Generation 2 (Gen 2) and Generation 3 (Gen 3) cohorts. To understand the feasibility of conducting a smartphone-based study, participants completed a series of questions about their smartphone and app use, as well as sensory and environmental factors that they encountered while completing the tasks on the app. Baseline data collected to date were from 537 participants (mean age=66.6 years, SD=7.0; 58.47% female). Across the younger participants from the Gen 3 cohort (n=455; mean age=60.8 years, SD=8.2; 59.12% female) and older participants from the Gen 2 cohort (n=82; mean age=74.2 years, SD=5.8; 54.88% female), an average of 76% participants agreed or strongly agreed that they felt confident about using the app, 77% on average agreed or strongly agreed that they were able to use the app on their own, and 81% on average rated the app as easy to use. CONCLUSIONS Based on participant ratings, the study findings are promising. At baseline, the majority of participants are able to complete the app-related tasks, follow the instructions, and encounter minimal barriers to completing the tasks independently. These data provide evidence that designing and collecting smartphone application data in an unsupervised, remote, and naturalistic setting in a large, community-based population is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Sunderaraman
- Department of NeurologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research CenterBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Ileana De Anda‐Duran
- Department of EpidemiologyTulane University School of Public Health & Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Cody Karjadi
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Julia Peterson
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Huitong Ding
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
- Department of Anatomy & NeurobiologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Sherral A. Devine
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
- Department of Anatomy & NeurobiologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Ludy C. Shih
- Department of NeurologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Zachary Popp
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research CenterBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
- Department of Anatomy & NeurobiologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Spencer Low
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research CenterBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
- Department of Anatomy & NeurobiologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Phillip H. Hwang
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Kriti Goyal
- Department of NeurologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Lindsay Hathaway
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Jose Monteverde
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - Vijaya B. Kolachalama
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research CenterBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
- Department of MedicineBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
- Department of Computer Science and Faculty of Computing & Data SciencesBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Rhoda Au
- Department of NeurologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research CenterBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
- Department of Anatomy & NeurobiologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
- Department of MedicineBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
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22
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Adams JA, Uryash A, Lopez JR. Harnessing Passive Pulsatile Shear Stress for Alzheimer's Disease Prevention and Intervention. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:387-401. [PMID: 38393906 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects more than 40 million people worldwide and is the leading cause of dementia. This disease is a challenge for both patients and caregivers and puts a significant strain on the global healthcare system. To address this issue, the Lancet Commission recommends focusing on reducing modifiable lifestyle risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and physical inactivity. Passive pulsatile shear stress (PPSS) interventions, which use devices like whole-body periodic acceleration, periodic acceleration along the Z-axis (pGz), and the Jogging Device, have shown significant systemic and cellular effects in preclinical and clinical models which address these modifiable risks factors. Based on this, we propose that PPSS could be a potential non-pharmacological and non-invasive preventive or therapeutic strategy for AD. We perform a comprehensive review of the biological basis based on all publications of PPSS using these devices and demonstrate their effects on the various aspects of AD. We draw from this comprehensive analysis to support our hypothesis. We then delve into the possible application of PPSS as an innovative intervention. We discuss how PPSS holds promise in ameliorating hypertension and diabetes while mitigating physical inactivity, potentially offering a holistic approach to AD prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Arkady Uryash
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Jose R Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
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23
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Area-Gomez E, Schon EA. Towards a Unitary Hypothesis of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1243-1275. [PMID: 38578892 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The "amyloid cascade" hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis invokes the accumulation in the brain of plaques (containing the amyloid-β protein precursor [AβPP] cleavage product amyloid-β [Aβ]) and tangles (containing hyperphosphorylated tau) as drivers of pathogenesis. However, the poor track record of clinical trials based on this hypothesis suggests that the accumulation of these peptides is not the only cause of AD. Here, an alternative hypothesis is proposed in which the AβPP cleavage product C99, not Aβ, is the main culprit, via its role as a regulator of cholesterol metabolism. C99, which is a cholesterol sensor, promotes the formation of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAM), a cholesterol-rich lipid raft-like subdomain of the ER that communicates, both physically and biochemically, with mitochondria. We propose that in early-onset AD (EOAD), MAM-localized C99 is elevated above normal levels, resulting in increased transport of cholesterol from the plasma membrane to membranes of intracellular organelles, such as ER/endosomes, thereby upregulating MAM function and driving pathology. By the same token, late-onset AD (LOAD) is triggered by any genetic variant that increases the accumulation of intracellular cholesterol that, in turn, boosts the levels of C99 and again upregulates MAM function. Thus, the functional cause of AD is upregulated MAM function that, in turn, causes the hallmark disease phenotypes, including the plaques and tangles. Accordingly, the MAM hypothesis invokes two key interrelated elements, C99 and cholesterol, that converge at the MAM to drive AD pathogenesis. From this perspective, AD is, at bottom, a lipid disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas", Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric A Schon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development>, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Balistreri CR, Monastero R. Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases: How Much Do We Still Not Know? Brain Sci 2023; 14:19. [PMID: 38248234 PMCID: PMC10812964 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The term "neuroinflammation" defines the typical inflammatory response of the brain closely related to the onset of many neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Neuroinflammation is well known, but its mechanisms and pathways are not entirely comprehended. Some progresses have been achieved through many efforts and research. Consequently, new cellular and molecular mechanisms, diverse and conventional, are emerging. In listing some of those that will be the subject of our description and discussion, essential are the important roles of peripheral and infiltrated monocytes and clonotypic cells, alterations in the gut-brain axis, dysregulation of the apelinergic system, alterations in the endothelial glycocalyx of the endothelial component of neuronal vascular units, variations in expression of some genes and levels of the encoding molecules by the action of microRNAs (miRNAs), or other epigenetic factors and distinctive transcriptional factors, as well as the role of autophagy, ferroptosis, sex differences, and modifications in the circadian cycle. Such mechanisms can add significantly to understanding the complex etiological puzzle of neuroinflammation and ND. In addition, they could represent biomarkers and targets of ND, which is increasing in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Cellular and Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Monastero
- Unit of Neurology & Neuro-Physiopathology, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, Via La Loggia 1, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
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25
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Grewal S, Gonçalves de Andrade E, Kofoed RH, Matthews PM, Aubert I, Tremblay MÈ, Morse SV. Using focused ultrasound to modulate microglial structure and function. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1290628. [PMID: 38164436 PMCID: PMC10757935 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1290628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) has the unique ability to target regions of the brain with high spatial precision, in a minimally invasive manner. Neuromodulation studies have shown that FUS can excite or inhibit neuronal activity, demonstrating its tremendous potential to improve the outcome of neurological diseases. Recent evidence has also shed light on the emerging promise that FUS has, with and without the use of intravenously injected microbubbles, in modulating the blood-brain barrier and the immune cells of the brain. As the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, microglia are at the forefront of the brain's maintenance and immune defense. Notably, microglia are highly dynamic and continuously survey the brain parenchyma by extending and retracting their processes. This surveillance activity aids microglia in performing key physiological functions required for brain activity and plasticity. In response to stressors, microglia rapidly alter their cellular and molecular profile to help facilitate a return to homeostasis. While the underlying mechanisms by which both FUS and FUS + microbubbles modify microglial structure and function remain largely unknown, several studies in adult mice have reported changes in the expression of the microglia/macrophage marker ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, and in their phagocytosis, notably of protein aggregates, such as amyloid beta. In this review, we discuss the demonstrated and putative biological effects of FUS and FUS + microbubbles in modulating microglial activities, with an emphasis on the key cellular and molecular changes observed in vitro and in vivo across models of brain health and disease. Understanding how this innovative technology can modulate microglia paves the way for future therapeutic strategies aimed to promote beneficial physiological microglial roles, and prevent or treat maladaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Grewal
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Gonçalves de Andrade
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Rikke Hahn Kofoed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Experimental Neuroscience-CENSE, Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul M. Matthews
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Aubert
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sophie V. Morse
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Main LR, Song YE, Lynn A, Laux RA, Miskimen KL, Osterman MD, Cuccaro ML, Ogrocki PK, Lerner AJ, Vance JM, Fuzzell MD, Fuzzell SL, Hochstetler SD, Dorfsman DA, Caywood LJ, Prough MB, Adams LD, Clouse JE, Herington SD, Scott WK, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL. Genetic analysis of cognitive preservation in the midwestern Amish reveals a novel locus on chromosome 2. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.13.23299932. [PMID: 38168325 PMCID: PMC10760262 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.23299932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer disease (AD) remains a debilitating condition with limited treatments and additional therapeutic targets needed. Identifying AD protective genetic loci may identify new targets and accelerate identification of therapeutic treatments. We examined a founder population to identify loci associated with cognitive preservation into advanced age. METHODS Genome-wide association and linkage analyses were performed on 946 examined and sampled Amish individuals, aged 76-95, who were either cognitively unimpaired (CU) or impaired (CI). RESULTS 12 SNPs demonstrated suggestive association (P≤5×10-4) with cognitive preservation. Genetic linkage analyses identified >100 significant (LOD≥3.3) SNPs, some which overlapped with the association results. Only one locus on chromosome 2 retained significance across multiple analyses. DISCUSSION A novel significant result for cognitive preservation on chromosome 2 includes the genes LRRTM4 and CTNNA2. Additionally, the lead SNP, rs1402906, impacts the POU3F2 transcription factor binding affinity, which regulates LRRTM4 and CTNNA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leighanne R Main
- Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44016
- Cleveland Institute of Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Yeunjoo E Song
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44016
- Cleveland Institute of Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Audrey Lynn
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44016
- Cleveland Institute of Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Renee A Laux
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44016
| | - Kristy L Miskimen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44016
| | - Michael D Osterman
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44016
| | - Michael L Cuccaro
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
| | - Paula K Ogrocki
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Alan J Lerner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
| | - M Denise Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44016
| | - Sarada L Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44016
| | - Sherri D Hochstetler
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44016
| | - Daniel A Dorfsman
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
| | - Laura J Caywood
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
| | - Michael B Prough
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
| | - Larry D Adams
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
| | - Jason E Clouse
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
| | - Sharlene D Herington
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
| | - William K Scott
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44016
- Cleveland Institute of Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
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27
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Jiang J, Pan H, Shen F, Tan Y, Chen S. Ketogenic diet alleviates cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice via the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2767-2772. [PMID: 37449643 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by cognitive decline and chronic inflammation within the brain. The ketogenic diet, a widely recognized therapeutic intervention for refractory epilepsy, has recently been proposed as a potential treatment for a variety of neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. However, the efficacy of ketogenic diet in treating Alzheimer's disease and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The current investigation aimed to explore the effect of ketogenic diet on cognitive function and the underlying biological mechanisms in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Male amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice were randomly assigned to either a ketogenic diet or control diet group, and received their respective diets for a duration of 3 months. The findings show that ketogenic diet administration enhanced cognitive function, attenuated amyloid plaque formation and proinflammatory cytokine levels in APP/PS1 mice, and augmented the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-p45 derived factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway while suppressing the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. Collectively, these data suggest that ketogenic diet may have a therapeutic potential in treating Alzheimer's disease by ameliorating the neurotoxicity associated with Aβ-induced inflammation. This study highlights the urgent need for further research into the use of ketogenic diet as a potential therapy for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Jiang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanxia Shen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Tan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Lab of Translational Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Immunochemistry, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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Takebayashi Y, Yamazaki Y, Yamada H, Yazawa K, Nakamori M, Kurashige T, Morino H, Takahashi T, Sotomaru Y, Maruyama H. Apolipoprotein E genotype-dependent accumulation of amyloid β in APP-knock-in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 683:149106. [PMID: 37857162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), the strongest risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been revealed to cause greater accumulation of extracellular amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates than does APOE3 in traditional transgenic mouse models of AD. However, concerns that the overexpression paradigm might have affected the phenotype remain. Amyloid precursor protein (APP)-knock-in (KI) mice, incorporating APP mutations associated with AD development, offer an alternative approach for overproducing pathogenic Aβ without needing overexpression of APP. Here, we present the results of comprehensive analyses of pathological and biochemical traits in the brains of APP-KI mice harboring APP-associated familial AD mutations (APPNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice) crossed with human APOE-KI mice. Immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses revealed the APOE genotype-dependent increase in Aβ pathology and glial activation, which was evident within 8 months in the mouse model. These results suggested that this mouse model may be valuable for investigating APOE pathobiology within a reasonable experimental time frame. Thus, this model can be considered in investigating the interaction between APOE and Aβ in vivo, which may not be addressed appropriately by using other transgenic mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Takebayashi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yu Yamazaki
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Hidetada Yamada
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yazawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamori
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurashige
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morino
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sotomaru
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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29
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Petrović N, Essack M, Šami A, Perry G, Gojobori T, Isenović ER, Bajić VP. MicroRNA networks linked with BRCA1/2, PTEN, and common genes for Alzheimer's disease and breast cancer share highly enriched pathways that may unravel targets for the AD/BC comorbidity treatment. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 106:107925. [PMID: 37487248 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of various cellular processes including pathological conditions. MiRNA networks have been extensively researched in age-related degenerative diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and heart failure. Thus, miRNA has been studied from different approaches, in vivo, in vitro, and in silico including miRNA networks. Networks linking diverse biomedical entities unveil information not readily observable by other means. This work focuses on biological networks related to Breast cancer susceptibility 1 (BRCA1) in AD and breast cancer (BC). Using various bioinformatics approaches, we identified subnetworks common to AD and BC that suggest they are linked. According to our results, miR-107 was identified as a potentially good candidate for both AD and BC treatment (targeting BRCA1/2 and PTEN in both diseases), accompanied by miR-146a and miR-17. The analysis also confirmed the involvement of the miR-17-92 cluster, and miR-124-3p, and highlighted the importance of poorly researched miRNAs such as mir-6785 mir-6127, mir-6870, or miR-8485. After filtering the in silico analysis results, we found 49 miRNA molecules that modulate the expression of at least five genes common to both BC and AD. Those 49 miRNAs regulate the expression of 122 genes in AD and 93 genes in BC, from which 26 genes are common genes for AD and BC involved in neuron differentiation and genesis, cell differentiation and migration, regulation of cell cycle, and cancer development. Additionally, the highly enriched pathway was associated with diabetic complications, pointing out possible interplay among molecules underlying BC, AD, and diabetes pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Petrović
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Health and Environment, "VINČA "Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; Department for Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center, Computer (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Šami
- Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitatsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center, Computer (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R Isenović
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Health and Environment, "VINČA "Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladan P Bajić
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Health and Environment, "VINČA "Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
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30
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Lutshumba J, Wilcock DM, Monson NL, Stowe AM. Sex-based differences in effector cells of the adaptive immune system during Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 184:106202. [PMID: 37330146 PMCID: PMC10481581 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) present with many challenges due to the heterogeneity of the related disease(s), making it difficult to develop effective treatments. Additionally, the progression of ADRD-related pathologies presents differently between men and women. With two-thirds of the population affected with ADRD being women, ADRD has presented itself with a bias toward the female population. However, studies of ADRD generally do not incorporate sex-based differences in investigating the development and progression of the disease, which is detrimental to understanding and treating dementia. Additionally, recent implications for the adaptive immune system in the development of ADRD bring in new factors to be considered as part of the disease, including sex-based differences in immune response(s) during ADRD development. Here, we review the sex-based differences of pathological hallmarks of ADRD presentation and progression, sex-based differences in the adaptive immune system and how it changes with ADRD, and the importance of precision medicine in the development of a more targeted and personalized treatment for this devastating and prevalent neurodegenerative condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lutshumba
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Nancy L Monson
- Department of Neurology and Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America.
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31
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Yoon M, Kim H, Shin H, Lee H, Kang MJ, Park SH, Han G, Kim Y, Choi KY. Inhibition of CXXC5 function rescues Alzheimer's disease phenotypes by restoring Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106836. [PMID: 37355147 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia and is characterized by cognitive deficits and accumulation of pathological plaques. Owing to the complexity of AD development, paradigms for AD research and drug discovery have shifted to target factors that mediate multiple pathogenesis in AD. Increasing evidence suggests that the suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays substantial roles in AD progression. However, the underlying mechanism for the suppression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway associated with AD pathogenesis remains unexplored. In this study, we identified that CXXC5, a negative feedback regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, was overexpressed in the tissues of AD patients and 5xFAD transgenic mice paired with the suppression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway and its target genes related to AD. The level of CXXC5 was upregulated, upon aging of 5xFAD mice. AD characteristics including cognitive deficits, amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neuronal inflammation, and age-dependent increment of AD-related markers were rescued in Cxxc5-/-/5xFAD mice. 5-methoxyindirubin-3'-oxime (KY19334), a small molecule that restores the suppressed Wnt/β-catenin pathway via interference of the CXXC5-Dvl interaction, significantly improved the overall pathogenic phenotypes of 5xFAD mice. Collectively, our findings revealed that CXXC5 plays a key role in AD pathogenesis and suggest inhibition of CXXC5-Dvl interaction as a new therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minguen Yoon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejene Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heewon Shin
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - HeeYang Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoonhee Han
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; CK Regeon Inc, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Fernández-Moncada I, Eraso-Pichot A, Tor TD, Fortunato-Marsol B, Marsicano G. An enquiry to the role of CB1 receptors in neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106235. [PMID: 37481040 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are debilitating conditions that impair patient quality of life and that represent heavy social-economic burdens to society. Whereas the root of some of these brain illnesses lies in autosomal inheritance, the origin of most of these neuropathologies is scantly understood. Similarly, the cellular and molecular substrates explaining the progressive loss of brain functions remains to be fully described too. Indeed, the study of brain neurodegeneration has resulted in a complex picture, composed of a myriad of altered processes that include broken brain bioenergetics, widespread neuroinflammation and aberrant activity of signaling pathways. In this context, several lines of research have shown that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and its main signaling hub, the type-1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor are altered in diverse neurodegenerative disorders. However, some of these data are conflictive or poorly described. In this review, we summarize the findings about the alterations in ECS and CB1 receptors signaling in three representative brain illnesses, the Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, and we discuss the relevance of these studies in understanding neurodegeneration development and progression, with a special focus on astrocyte function. Noteworthy, the analysis of ECS defects in neurodegeneration warrant much more studies, as our conceptual understanding of ECS function has evolved quickly in the last years, which now include glia cells and the subcellular-specific CB1 receptors signaling as critical players of brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abel Eraso-Pichot
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Tommaso Dalla Tor
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Marsicano
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Dahl R, Moore AC, Knight C, Mauger C, Zhang H, Schiltz GE, Koss WA, Bezprozvanny I. Positive Allosteric Modulator of SERCA Pump NDC-1173 Exerts Beneficial Effects in Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11057. [PMID: 37446234 PMCID: PMC10341805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people worldwide. AD does not have a cure and most drug development efforts in the AD field have been focused on targeting the amyloid pathway based on the "amyloid cascade hypothesis". However, in addition to the amyloid pathway, substantial evidence also points to dysregulated neuronal calcium (Ca2+) signaling as one of the key pathogenic events in AD, and it has been proposed that pharmacological agents that stabilize neuronal Ca2+ signaling may act as disease-modifying agents in AD. In previous studies, we demonstrated that positive allosteric regulators (PAMs) of the Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump might act as such Ca2+ stabilizing agents. In the present study, we report the development of a novel SERCA PAM agent, compound NDC-1173. To test the effectiveness of this compound, we performed behavioral studies with the APP/PS1 transgenic AD mouse model. We also evaluated effects of this compound on expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the SERCA pump is a potential novel therapeutic drug target and that NDC-1173 is a promising lead molecule for developing disease-modifying agents in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Dahl
- Neurodon, 9800 Connecticut Drive, Crown Point, IN 46307, USA;
| | - Amanda C. Moore
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (A.C.M.); (W.A.K.)
| | - Caitlynn Knight
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (C.K.); (H.Z.)
| | - Colleen Mauger
- Neurodon, 9800 Connecticut Drive, Crown Point, IN 46307, USA;
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (C.K.); (H.Z.)
| | - Gary E. Schiltz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wendy A. Koss
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (A.C.M.); (W.A.K.)
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (C.K.); (H.Z.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Alves SS, de Oliveira JAC, Lazarini-Lopes W, Servilha-Menezes G, Grigório-de-Sant'Ana M, Del Vecchio F, Mazzei RF, Sousa Almeida S, da Silva Junior RMP, Garcia-Cairasco N. Audiogenic Seizures in the Streptozotocin-Induced Rat Alzheimer's Disease Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD230153. [PMID: 37393501 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative and progressive disorder with no cure and constant failures in clinical trials. The main AD hallmarks are amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neurodegeneration. However, many other events have been implicated in AD pathogenesis. Epilepsy is a common comorbidity of AD and there is important evidence indicating a bidirectional link between these two disorders. Some studies suggest that disturbed insulin signaling might play an important role in this connection. OBJECTIVE To understand the effects of neuronal insulin resistance in the AD-epilepsy link. METHODS We submitted the streptozotocin (STZ) induced rat AD Model (icv-STZ AD) to an acute acoustic stimulus (AS), a known trigger of seizures. We also assessed animals' performance in the memory test, the Morris water maze and the neuronal activity (c-Fos protein) induced by a single audiogenic seizure in regions that express high levels of insulin receptors. RESULTS We identified significant memory impairment and seizures in 71.43% of all icv-STZ/AS rats, in contrast to 22.22% of the vehicle group. After seizures, icv-STZ/AS rats presented higher number of c-Fos immunopositive cells in hippocampal, cortical, and hypothalamic regions. CONCLUSION STZ may facilitate seizure generation and propagation by impairment of neuronal function, especially in regions that express high levels of insulin receptors. The data presented here indicate that the icv-STZ AD model might have implications not only for AD, but also for epilepsy. Finally, impaired insulin signaling might be one of the mechanisms by which AD presents a bidirectional connection to epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suélen Santos Alves
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Willian Lazarini-Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Servilha-Menezes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flavio Del Vecchio
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Focosi Mazzei
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Sousa Almeida
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Düchs M, Blazevic D, Rechtsteiner P, Kenny C, Lamla T, Low S, Savistchenko J, Neumann M, Melki R, Schönberger T, Stierstorfer B, Wyatt D, Igney F, Ciossek T. AAV-mediated expression of a new conformational anti-aggregated α-synuclein antibody prolongs survival in a genetic model of α-synucleinopathies. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:91. [PMID: 37322068 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion-like transmission of pathology in α-synucleinopathies like Parkinson's disease or multiple system atrophy is increasingly recognized as one potential mechanism to address disease progression. Active and passive immunotherapies targeting insoluble, aggregated α-synuclein are already being actively explored in the clinic with mixed outcomes so far. Here, we report the identification of 306C7B3, a highly selective, aggregate-specific α-synuclein antibody with picomolar affinity devoid of binding to the monomeric, physiologic protein. 306C7B3 binding is Ser129-phosphorylation independent and shows high affinity to several different aggregated α-synuclein polymorphs, increasing the likelihood that it can also bind to the pathological seeds assumed to drive disease progression in patients. In support of this, highly selective binding to pathological aggregates in postmortem brains of MSA patients was demonstrated, with no staining in samples from other human neurodegenerative diseases. To achieve CNS exposure of 306C7B3, an adeno-associated virus (AAV) based approach driving expression of the secreted antibody within the brain of (Thy-1)-[A30P]-hα-synuclein mice was used. Widespread central transduction after intrastriatal inoculation was ensured by using the AAV2HBKO serotype, with transduction being spread to areas far away from the inoculation site. Treatment of (Thy-1)-[A30P]-hα-synuclein mice at the age of 12 months demonstrated significantly increased survival, with 306C7B3 concentration reaching 3.9 nM in the cerebrospinal fluid. These results suggest that AAV-mediated expression of 306C7B3, targeting extracellular, presumably disease-propagating aggregates of α-synuclein, has great potential as a disease-modifying therapy for α-synucleinopathies as it ensures CNS exposure of the antibody, thereby mitigating the selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Düchs
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Dragica Blazevic
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | | | | | - Thorsten Lamla
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Sarah Low
- Boehringer Ingelheim USA, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | | | - Manuela Neumann
- Molecular Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ronald Melki
- Institut Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CEA, CNRS, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Tanja Schönberger
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | | | - David Wyatt
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Frederik Igney
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Thomas Ciossek
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
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36
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Merighi S, Travagli A, Nigro M, Pasquini S, Cappello M, Contri C, Varani K, Vincenzi F, Borea PA, Gessi S. Caffeine for Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease: Is the A 2A Adenosine Receptor Its Target? Biomolecules 2023; 13:967. [PMID: 37371547 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent kind of dementia with roughly 135 million cases expected in the world by 2050. Unfortunately, current medications for the treatment of AD can only relieve symptoms but they do not act as disease-modifying agents that can stop the course of AD. Caffeine is one of the most widely used drugs in the world today, and a number of clinical studies suggest that drinking coffee may be good for health, especially in the fight against neurodegenerative conditions such as AD. Experimental works conducted "in vivo" and "in vitro" provide intriguing evidence that caffeine exerts its neuroprotective effects by antagonistically binding to A2A receptors (A2ARs), a subset of GPCRs that are triggered by the endogenous nucleoside adenosine. This review provides a summary of the scientific data supporting the critical role that A2ARs play in memory loss and cognitive decline, as well as the evidence supporting the protective benefits against neurodegeneration that may be attained by caffeine's antagonistic action on these receptors. They are a novel and fascinating target for regulating and enhancing synaptic activity, achieving symptomatic and potentially disease-modifying effects, and protecting against neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Merighi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Travagli
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manuela Nigro
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Pasquini
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Cappello
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Contri
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Song Z, Wang KW, Hagar HTC, Chen HR, Kuan CY, Zhang K, Kuo MH. Hyperphosphorylated tau Inflicts Intracellular Stress Responses That Are Mitigated by Apomorphine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.13.540661. [PMID: 37292976 PMCID: PMC10245566 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.13.540661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Abnormal phosphorylation of the microtubule-binding protein tau in the brain is a key pathological marker for Alzheimer's disease and additional neurodegenerative tauopathies. However, how hyperphosphorylated tau causes cellular dysfunction or death that underlie neurodegeneration remains an unsolved question critical for the understanding of disease mechanism and the design of efficacious drugs. Methods Using a recombinant hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) synthesized by the PIMAX approach, we examined how cells responded to the cytotoxic tau and explored means to enhance cellular resistance to tau attack. Results Upon p-tau uptake, the intracellular calcium levels rose promptly. Gene expression analyses revealed that p-tau potently triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), ER stress-associated apoptosis, and pro-inflammation in cells. Proteomics studies showed that p-tau diminished heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an ER stress associated anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress regulator, while stimulated the accumulation of MIOS and other proteins. P-tau-induced ER stress-associated apoptosis and pro-inflammation are ameliorated by apomorphine, a brain-permeable prescription drug widely used to treat Parkinson's disease symptoms, and by overexpression of HO-1. Conclusion Our results reveal probable cellular functions targeted by hyperphosphorylated tau. Some of these dysfunctions and stress responses have been linked to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. The observations that the ill effects of p-tau can be mitigated by a small compound and by overexpressing HO-1 that is otherwise diminished in the treated cells inform new directions of Alzheimer's disease drug discovery.
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Indig RY, Landau M. Designed inhibitors to reduce amyloid virulence and cytotoxicity and combat neurodegenerative and infectious diseases. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 75:102318. [PMID: 37196450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The review highlights the role of amyloids in various diseases and the challenges associated with targeting human amyloids in therapeutic development. However, due to the better understanding of microbial amyloids' role as virulence factors, there is a growing interest in repurposing and designing anti-amyloid compounds for antivirulence therapy. The identification of amyloid inhibitors has not only significant clinical implications but also provides valuable insights into the structure and function of amyloids. The review showcases small molecules and peptides that specifically target amyloids in both humans and microbes, reducing cytotoxicity and biofilm formation, respectively. The review emphasizes the importance of further research on amyloid structures, mechanisms, and interactions across all life forms to yield new drug targets and improve the design of selective treatments. Overall, the review highlights the potential for amyloid inhibitors in therapeutic development for both human diseases and microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Yona Indig
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Meytal Landau
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB) and Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg, Germany.
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Bernier F, Kuhara T, Xiao J. Probiotic Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 Protects against Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Lipid Droplet Formation via PLIN4 Gene Regulation. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030791. [PMID: 36985364 PMCID: PMC10052176 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 has been shown to improve memory and prevent brain atrophy in populations with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Preclinical in vivo studies using Alzheimer's disease (AD) models indicate that this probiotic protects against brain inflammation. There is growing evidence that lipid droplets are associated with brain inflammation, and lipid-associated proteins called perilipins could play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia. In this study, we found that B. breve MCC1274 cell extracts significantly decreased the expression of perilipin 4 (PLIN4), which encodes a lipid droplet docking protein whose expression is known to be increased during inflammation in SH-SY5Y cells. Niacin, an MCC1274 cell extract component, increased PLIN4 expression by itself. Moreover, MCC1274 cell extracts and niacin blocked the PLIN4 induction caused by oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells, reduced lipid droplet formation, and prevented IL-6 cytokine production. These results offer a possible explanation for the effect of this strain on brain inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bernier
- Next Generation Science Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry, Co., Ltd., Zama 252-8583, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kuhara
- Next Generation Science Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry, Co., Ltd., Zama 252-8583, Japan
| | - Jinzhong Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry, Co., Ltd., Zama 252-8583, Japan
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Guo Q, Li Y, Xu S, Wang P, Qian K, Yang P, Sheng D, Wang L, Cheng Y, Meng R, Cao J, Luo H, Wei Y, Zhang Q. Brain-neuron targeted nanoparticles for peptide synergy therapy at dual-target of Alzheimer's disease. J Control Release 2023; 355:604-621. [PMID: 36738970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the complex interactions of multiple mechanisms involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) preclude the monotherapeutic approaches from clinical application, combination therapy has become an attractive strategy for AD treatment. However, to be emphasized, the realization of the edges of combination therapy greatly depends on the reasonable choice of targets and the rational design of combination scheme. Acknowledgedly, amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) are two main hallmarks in AD with close pathological correlations, implying the hopeful prospect of combined intervention in them for AD treatment. Herein, we developed the nano-combination system, neuron-targeting PEG-PLA nanoparticles (CT-NP) loading two peptide drugs H102, a β-sheet breaker acting on Aβ, and NAP, a microtubule stabilizer acting on p-tau. Compared with free peptide combination, nano-combination system partly aligned the in vivo behaviors of combined peptides and enhanced peptide accumulation in lesion neurons by the guidance of targeting peptide CGN and Tet1, facilitating the therapeutic performance of peptide combination. Further, to maximize the therapeutic potential of nano-combination system, the combination ratio and mode were screened by the quantitative evaluation with combination index and U test, respectively, in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the separated-loading CT-NP at the combination molar ratio of 2:1 (H102:NAP), CT-NP/H102 + CT-NP/NAP(2:1), generated the strongest synergistic therapeutic effects on Aβ, p-tau and their linkage, and effectually prevented neuroinflammation, reversed the neuronal damage and restored cognitive performance in 3 × Tg-AD transgenic mice. Our studies provide critical data on the effectiveness of nano-combination therapy simultaneously intervening in Aβ and p-tau, confirming the promising application of nano-combination strategy in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yixian Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyu Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuchang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Meng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wei
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200436, China.
| | - Qizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
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Kong C, Chang WS. Preclinical Research on Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Opening for Neurological Disorders: A Review. Neurol Int 2023; 15:285-300. [PMID: 36810473 PMCID: PMC9944161 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Several therapeutic agents for neurological disorders are usually not delivered to the brain owing to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a special structure present in the central nervous system (CNS). Focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with microbubbles can reversibly and temporarily open the BBB, enabling the application of various therapeutic agents in patients with neurological disorders. In the past 20 years, many preclinical studies on drug delivery through FUS-mediated BBB opening have been conducted, and the use of this method in clinical applications has recently gained popularity. As the clinical application of FUS-mediated BBB opening expands, it is crucial to understand the molecular and cellular effects of FUS-induced microenvironmental changes in the brain so that the efficacy of treatment can be ensured, and new treatment strategies established. This review describes the latest research trends in FUS-mediated BBB opening, including the biological effects and applications in representative neurological disorders, and suggests future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Won Seok Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Sharp FR, DeCarli CS, Jin LW, Zhan X. White matter injury, cholesterol dysmetabolism, and APP/Abeta dysmetabolism interact to produce Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology: A hypothesis and review. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1096206. [PMID: 36845656 PMCID: PMC9950279 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1096206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We postulate that myelin injury contributes to cholesterol release from myelin and cholesterol dysmetabolism which contributes to Abeta dysmetabolism, and combined with genetic and AD risk factors, leads to increased Abeta and amyloid plaques. Increased Abeta damages myelin to form a vicious injury cycle. Thus, white matter injury, cholesterol dysmetabolism and Abeta dysmetabolism interact to produce or worsen AD neuropathology. The amyloid cascade is the leading hypothesis for the cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The failure of clinical trials based on this hypothesis has raised other possibilities. Even with a possible new success (Lecanemab), it is not clear whether this is a cause or a result of the disease. With the discovery in 1993 that the apolipoprotein E type 4 allele (APOE4) was the major risk factor for sporadic, late-onset AD (LOAD), there has been increasing interest in cholesterol in AD since APOE is a major cholesterol transporter. Recent studies show that cholesterol metabolism is intricately involved with Abeta (Aβ)/amyloid transport and metabolism, with cholesterol down-regulating the Aβ LRP1 transporter and upregulating the Aβ RAGE receptor, both of which would increase brain Aβ. Moreover, manipulating cholesterol transport and metabolism in rodent AD models can ameliorate pathology and cognitive deficits, or worsen them depending upon the manipulation. Though white matter (WM) injury has been noted in AD brain since Alzheimer's initial observations, recent studies have shown abnormal white matter in every AD brain. Moreover, there is age-related WM injury in normal individuals that occurs earlier and is worse with the APOE4 genotype. Moreover, WM injury precedes formation of plaques and tangles in human Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) and precedes plaque formation in rodent AD models. Restoring WM in rodent AD models improves cognition without affecting AD pathology. Thus, we postulate that the amyloid cascade, cholesterol dysmetabolism and white matter injury interact to produce and/or worsen AD pathology. We further postulate that the primary initiating event could be related to any of the three, with age a major factor for WM injury, diet and APOE4 and other genes a factor for cholesterol dysmetabolism, and FAD and other genes for Abeta dysmetabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R. Sharp
- Department of Neurology, The MIND Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
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Liang T, Xie Z, Dang B, Wang J, Zhang T, Luan X, Lu T, Cao C, Chen X. Discovery of indole-piperazine derivatives as selective histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors with neurite outgrowth-promoting activities and neuroprotective activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 81:129148. [PMID: 36690041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Novel indole-piperazine derivatives with a hydroxamic acid moiety were designed and synthesized as selective histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors. In enzymatic assays, all compounds exhibited nanomolar IC50 values. N-hydroxy-4-((4-(7-methyl-1H-indole-3-carbonyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide, 9c, was the most potent HDAC6 inhibitor (IC50, 13.6 nM). In vitro, 9c induced neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells without producing toxic effects, better than Tubastatin A (Tub A). Additionally, 9c demonstrated blatant neuroprotective activity in PC12 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative damage. In western blot assay, 9c could increase the acetylation of α-tubulin in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liang
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Zhao Xie
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Baiyun Dang
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Jiayun Wang
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaofa Luan
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Chenyu Cao
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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Jacopo M. Unconventional protein secretion (UPS): role in important diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:2. [PMID: 36622461 PMCID: PMC9827022 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Unconventional protein secretion (UPS) is the new secretion process discovered in liquid form over three decades ago. More recently, UPS has been shown to operate also in solid forms generated from four types of organelles: fractions of lysosomes and autophagy (APh) undergoing exocytosis; exosomes and ectosomes, with their extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recently many mechanisms and proteins of these solid forms have been shown to depend on UPS. An additional function of UPS is the regulation of diseases, often investigated separately from each other. In the present review, upon short presentation of UPS in healthy cells and organs, interest is focused on the mechanisms and development of diseases. The first reported are neurodegenerations, characterized by distinct properties. Additional diseases, including inflammasomes, inflammatory responses, glial effects and other diseases of various origin, are governed by proteins generated, directly or alternatively, by UPS. The diseases most intensely affected by UPS are various types of cancer, activated in most important processes: growth, proliferation and invasion, relapse, metastatic colonization, vascular leakiness, immunomodulation, chemoresistence. The therapy role of UPS diseases depends largely on exosomes. In addition to affecting neurodegenerative diseases, its special aim is the increased protection against cancer. Its immense relevance is due to intrinsic features, including low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, stability, and crossing of biological barriers. Exosomes, loaded with factors for pharmacological actions and target cell sensitivity, induce protection against various specific cancers. Further expansion of disease therapies is expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meldolesi Jacopo
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884San Raffaele Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy ,CNR Institute of Neuroscience at the Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
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Wang XL, Zhai RQ, Li ZM, Li HQ, Lei YT, Zhao FF, Hao XX, Wang SY, Wu YH. Constructing a prognostic risk model for Alzheimer's disease based on ferroptosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1168840. [PMID: 37181620 PMCID: PMC10172508 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1168840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study is to establish a prognostic risk model based on ferroptosis to prognosticate the severity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through gene expression changes. Methods The GSE138260 dataset was initially downloaded from the Gene expression Omnibus database. The ssGSEA algorithm was used to evaluate the immune infiltration of 28 kinds of immune cells in 36 samples. The up-regulated immune cells were divided into Cluster 1 group and Cluster 2 group, and the differences were analyzed. The LASSO regression analysis was used to establish the optimal scoring model. Cell Counting Kit-8 and Real Time Quantitative PCR were used to verify the effect of different concentrations of Aβ1-42 on the expression profile of representative genes in vitro. Results Based on the differential expression analysis, there were 14 up-regulated genes and 18 down-regulated genes between the control group and Cluster 1 group. Cluster 1 and Cluster 2 groups were differentially analyzed, and 50 up-regulated genes and 101 down-regulated genes were obtained. Finally, nine common differential genes were selected to establish the optimal scoring model. In vitro, CCK-8 experiments showed that the survival rate of cells decreased significantly with the increase of Aβ1-42 concentration compared with the control group. Moreover, RT-qPCR showed that with the increase of Aβ1-42 concentration, the expression of POR decreased first and then increased; RUFY3 was firstly increased and then decreased. Discussion The establishment of this research model can help clinicians make decisions on the severity of AD, thus providing better guidance for the clinical treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui-Qing Zhai
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Li
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong-Qiu Li
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ya-Ting Lei
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fang-Fang Zhao
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Hao
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sheng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng-Yuan Wang,
| | - Yong-Hui Wu
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Yong-Hui Wu,
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Bezprozvanny I. Alzheimer's disease - Where do we go from here? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 633:72-76. [PMID: 36344168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia.
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Wang B, Liu W, Sun F. Nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 5 alleviates Alzheimer's disease-like pathological characteristics in a cell model. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1034766. [PMID: 36568274 PMCID: PMC9773259 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1034766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains one of the most common dementias of neurodegenerative disease-related diseases. Nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 5 (NAP1L5) belongs to the NAP1L protein family, which acts as a histone chaperone. However, the function and mechanism of NAP1L5 in AD are still unclear. Bioinformatics analysis, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting results showed that NAP1L5 was downregulated in the brain tissues of AD patients and a mouse cell model of AD. NAP1L5 overexpression alleviated (Amyloid-β precursor protein) APP metabolism and Tau phosphorylation. We further demonstrated that NAP1L5 regulated the AD-like pathological characteristics through the GSK3B/Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, we showed that the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway, regulated by NAP1L5, was mediated by AQP1-mediated mechanism in N2a-APP695sw cell. In sum, these results suggested that NAP1L5 overexpression has neuroprotective effects and might act as potential biomarker and target for the diagnosis and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiying Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Weiying Liu,
| | - Fengxian Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Fengxian Sun,
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Design, synthesis and evaluation of fused hybrids with acetylcholinesterase inhibiting and Nrf2 activating functions for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Discovery of potent indazole-based human glutaminyl cyclase (QC) inhibitors as Anti-Alzheimer's disease agents. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114837. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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50
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Cunliffe G, Lim YT, Chae W, Jung S. Alternative Pharmacological Strategies for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Neuromodulator Function. Biomedicines 2022; 10:3064. [PMID: 36551821 PMCID: PMC9776382 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, comprising 70% of dementia diagnoses worldwide and affecting 1 in 9 people over the age of 65. However, the majority of its treatments, which predominantly target the cholinergic system, remain insufficient at reversing pathology and act simply to slow the inevitable progression of the disease. The most recent neurotransmitter-targeting drug for AD was approved in 2003, strongly suggesting that targeting neurotransmitter systems alone is unlikely to be sufficient, and that research into alternate treatment avenues is urgently required. Neuromodulators are substances released by neurons which influence neurotransmitter release and signal transmission across synapses. Neuromodulators including neuropeptides, hormones, neurotrophins, ATP and metal ions display altered function in AD, which underlies aberrant neuronal activity and pathology. However, research into how the manipulation of neuromodulators may be useful in the treatment of AD is relatively understudied. Combining neuromodulator targeting with more novel methods of drug delivery, such as the use of multi-targeted directed ligands, combinatorial drugs and encapsulated nanoparticle delivery systems, may help to overcome limitations of conventional treatments. These include difficulty crossing the blood-brain-barrier and the exertion of effects on a single target only. This review aims to highlight the ways in which neuromodulator functions are altered in AD and investigate how future therapies targeting such substances, which act upstream to classical neurotransmitter systems, may be of potential therapeutic benefit in the sustained search for more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Cunliffe
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Yi Tang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Woori Chae
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
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