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Dallmeier JD, Gober R, Vontell RT, Barreda A, Dorfsman DA, Davis DA, Sun X, Brzostowicki D, Bennett I, Garamszegi SP, Wander CM, Cohen T, Scott WK. Corpora amylacea negatively correlate with hippocampal tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1286924. [PMID: 38486969 PMCID: PMC10937356 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1286924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Severity and distribution of aggregated tau and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are strongly correlated with the clinical presentation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clearance of aggregated tau could decrease the rate of NFT formation and delay AD onset. Recent studies implicate corpora amylacea (CA) as a regulator of onset or accumulation of tau pathology. Normally, CA clear brain waste products by amassing cellular debris, which are then extruded into the cerebrospinal fluid to be phagocytosed. The proper functioning of CA may slow progression of AD-associated NFT pathology, and this relationship may be influenced by amount and distribution of phospho-tau (pTau) produced, age, sex, and genetic risk. Objective The goal of this study was to determine if CA size and number are associated with hippocampal location and local pTau severity while accounting for variations in age, sex, and genetic risk. Methods Postmortem brain hippocampal tissue sections from 40 AD and 38 unaffected donors were immunohistochemically stained with AT8 (pTau) and counter stained with periodic acid Schiff (PAS). Stained sections of the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus were analyzed. The percent area occupied (%AO) of CA, pTau, and NFT was calculated. Pairwise comparisons and regression modeling were used to analyze the influence of age, pTau %AO, and genetic risk on %AO by CA in each region, separately in donors with AD and unaffected donors. Results CA %AO was significantly higher in the CA3 region compared to CA1 in both groups. A significant negative correlation of CA %AO with both pTau %AO and neurofibrillary tangle %AO in the CA3 region of AD brain donors was found. Regression analysis in the CA3 region revealed a significant negative association between CA with both pTau and age. Conclusion We found an increase of CA in the CA3 region, compared to CA1 region, in AD and unaffected donors. This may suggest that the CA3 region is a hub for waste removal. Additionally, the negative correlation between %AO by CA and NFT in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in donors with AD suggests CA could play a role in AD pathologic progression by influencing tau clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian D. Dallmeier
- Brain Endowment Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ryan Gober
- Brain Endowment Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Regina T. Vontell
- Brain Endowment Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ayled Barreda
- Brain Endowment Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Daniel A. Dorfsman
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - David A. Davis
- Brain Endowment Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Brain Endowment Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Brzostowicki
- Brain Endowment Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Illiana Bennett
- Brain Endowment Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Susanna P. Garamszegi
- Brain Endowment Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Connor M. Wander
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Todd Cohen
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - William K. Scott
- Brain Endowment Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Main LR, Song YE, Lynn A, Laux RA, Miskimen KL, Osterman MD, Cuccaro ML, Ogrocki PK, Lerner AJ, Vance JM, Fuzzell MD, Fuzzell SL, Hochstetler SD, Dorfsman DA, Caywood LJ, Prough MB, Adams LD, Clouse JE, Herington SD, Scott WK, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL. Genetic analysis of cognitive preservation in the midwestern Amish reveals a novel locus on chromosome 2. medRxiv 2023:2023.12.13.23299932. [PMID: 38168325 PMCID: PMC10760262 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.23299932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer disease (AD) remains a debilitating condition with limited treatments and additional therapeutic targets needed. Identifying AD protective genetic loci may identify new targets and accelerate identification of therapeutic treatments. We examined a founder population to identify loci associated with cognitive preservation into advanced age. METHODS Genome-wide association and linkage analyses were performed on 946 examined and sampled Amish individuals, aged 76-95, who were either cognitively unimpaired (CU) or impaired (CI). RESULTS 12 SNPs demonstrated suggestive association (P≤5×10-4) with cognitive preservation. Genetic linkage analyses identified >100 significant (LOD≥3.3) SNPs, some which overlapped with the association results. Only one locus on chromosome 2 retained significance across multiple analyses. DISCUSSION A novel significant result for cognitive preservation on chromosome 2 includes the genes LRRTM4 and CTNNA2. Additionally, the lead SNP, rs1402906, impacts the POU3F2 transcription factor binding affinity, which regulates LRRTM4 and CTNNA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leighanne R Main
- Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44016
- Cleveland Institute of Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Yeunjoo E Song
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44016
- Cleveland Institute of Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Audrey Lynn
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44016
- Cleveland Institute of Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Renee A Laux
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44016
| | - Kristy L Miskimen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44016
| | - Michael D Osterman
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44016
| | - Michael L Cuccaro
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
| | - Paula K Ogrocki
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Alan J Lerner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
| | - M Denise Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44016
| | - Sarada L Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44016
| | - Sherri D Hochstetler
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44016
| | - Daniel A Dorfsman
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
| | - Laura J Caywood
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
| | - Michael B Prough
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
| | - Larry D Adams
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
| | - Jason E Clouse
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
| | - Sharlene D Herington
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
| | - William K Scott
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, USA, 33136
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44016
- Cleveland Institute of Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
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Osterman MD, Song YE, Lynn A, Miskimen K, Adams LD, Laux RA, Caywood LJ, Prough MB, Clouse JE, Herington SD, Slifer SH, Fuzzell SL, Hochstetler SD, Main LR, Dorfsman DA, Zaman AF, Ogrocki P, Lerner AJ, Vance JM, Cuccaro ML, Scott WK, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL. Founder population-specific weights yield improvements in performance of polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer disease in the Midwestern Amish. HGG Adv 2023; 4:100241. [PMID: 37742071 PMCID: PMC10565871 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and is estimated to affect 6 million Americans. Risk for AD is multifactorial, including both genetic and environmental risk factors. AD genomic research has generally focused on identification of risk variants. Using this information, polygenic risk scores (PRSs) can be calculated to quantify an individual's relative disease risk due to genetic factors. The Amish are a founder population descended from German and Swiss Anabaptist immigrants. They experienced a genetic bottleneck after arrival in the United States, making their genetic architecture different from the broader European ancestry population. Prior work has demonstrated the lack of transferability of PRSs across populations. Here, we compared the performance of PRSs derived from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of Amish individuals to those derived from a large European ancestry GWAS. Participants were screened for cognitive impairment with further evaluation for AD. Genotype data were imputed after collection via Illumina genotyping arrays. The Amish individuals were split into two groups based on the primary site of recruitment. For each group, GWAS was conducted with account for relatedness and adjustment for covariates. PRSs were then calculated using weights from the other Amish group. PRS models were evaluated with and without covariates. The Amish-derived PRSs distinguished between dementia status better than the European-derived PRS in our Amish populations and demonstrated performance improvements despite a smaller training sample size. This work highlighted considerations for AD PRS usage in populations that cannot be adequately described by basic race/ethnicity or ancestry classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Osterman
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Yeunjoo E Song
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Audrey Lynn
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kristy Miskimen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Larry D Adams
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Renee A Laux
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Laura J Caywood
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael B Prough
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jason E Clouse
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sharlene D Herington
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Susan H Slifer
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sarada L Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sherri D Hochstetler
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Leighanne R Main
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel A Dorfsman
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrew F Zaman
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paula Ogrocki
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alan J Lerner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael L Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - William K Scott
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Prough MB, Zaman A, Caywood LJ, Clouse JE, Herington SD, Slifer SH, Dorfsman DA, Adams LA, Laux RA, Song YE, Lynn A, Fuzzell D, Fuzzell SL, Miller SD, Miskimen K, Main LR, Osterman MD, Ogrocki P, Lerner AJ, Vance JM, Haines JL, Scott WK, Pericak-Vance M, Cuccaro ML. Visuospatial and Verbal Memory Differences in Amish Individuals With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2023; 37:195-199. [PMID: 37561946 PMCID: PMC10529392 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verbal and visuospatial memory impairments are common to Alzheimer disease and Related Dementias (ADRD), but the patterns of decline in these domains may reflect genetic and lifestyle influences. The latter may be pertinent to populations such as the Amish who have unique lifestyle experiences. METHODS Our data set included 420 Amish and 401 CERAD individuals. Sex-adjusted, age-adjusted, and education-adjusted Z-scores were calculated for the recall portions of the Constructional Praxis Delay (CPD) and Word List Delay (WLD). ANOVAs were then used to examine the main and interaction effects of cohort (Amish, CERAD), cognitive status (case, control), and sex on CPD and WLD Z-scores. RESULTS The Amish performed better on the CPD than the CERAD cohort. In addition, the difference between cases and controls on the CPD and WLD were smaller in the Amish and Amish female cases performed better on the WLD than the CERAD female cases. DISCUSSION The Amish performed better on the CPD task, and ADRD-related declines in CPD and WLD were less severe in the Amish. In addition, Amish females with ADRD may have preferential preservation of WLD. This study provides evidence that the Amish exhibit distinct patterns of verbal and visuospatial memory loss associated with aging and ADRD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Reneé A Laux
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences
| | - Yeunjoo E Song
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences
| | - Audrey Lynn
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences
| | - Denise Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences
| | | | | | | | - Leighanne R Main
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Michael D Osterman
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Paula Ogrocki
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Alan J Lerner
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University
| | - William K Scott
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Margaret Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Michael L Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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5
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Main LR, Song YE, Laux RA, Miskimen KL, Cuccaro ML, Ogrocki PK, Lerner AJ, Vance JM, Fuzzell MD, Fuzzell SL, Hochstetler SD, Osterman MD, Lynn A, Dorfsman DA, Caywood LJ, Prough MB, Adams LD, Clouse JE, Herington SD, Scott WK, Pericak‐Vance MA, Haines JL. Detecting genetic loci for preservation of cognition in the Midwestern United States Amish. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.061554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leighanne R. Main
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Yeunjoo E. Song
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Renee A. Laux
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Kristy L. Miskimen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Michael L. Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Paula K. Ogrocki
- Brain Health and Memory Center, University Hospital Cleveland OH USA
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
| | - Alan J. Lerner
- Brain Health and Memory Center, University Hospital Cleveland OH USA
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
| | - Jeffery M. Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miami FL USA
| | - M. Denise Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Sarada L. Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Sherri D. Hochstetler
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Michael D. Osterman
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Audrey Lynn
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Daniel A. Dorfsman
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Laura J. Caywood
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Michael B. Prough
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Larry D. Adams
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Jason E. Clouse
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Sharlene D. Herington
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - William K. Scott
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami FL USA
| | - Margaret A. Pericak‐Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami FL USA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
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Osterman MD, Song YE, Wheeler NR, Laux RA, Adams LD, Caywood LJ, Prough MB, Clouse JE, Herington SD, Slifer SH, Lynn A, Bartlett J, Fuzzell MD, Fuzzell SL, Hochstetler SD, Miskimen KL, Main LR, Dorfsman DA, Ogrocki PK, Lerner AJ, Vance JM, Cuccaro ML, Bush WS, Scott WK, Pericak‐Vance MA, Haines JL. Assessing a Network‐Specific Polygenic Risk Score for Alzheimer’s Disease in the Midwestern Amish and Across Diverse Ancestries. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.067210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Osterman
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
| | - Yeunjoo E. Song
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
| | | | - Renee A. Laux
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
| | - Larry D. Adams
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Audrey Lynn
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
| | | | - M. Denise Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
| | - Sarada L. Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
| | | | - Kristy L. Miskimen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
| | - Leighanne R. Main
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
| | | | - Paula K. Ogrocki
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH USA
| | - Alan J. Lerner
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH USA
| | | | | | - William S. Bush
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
| | | | | | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology Cleveland OH USA
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7
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Dorfsman DA, Prough MB, Caywood LJ, Clouse JE, Herington SD, Slifer SH, Adams LD, Laux RA, Song YE, Lynn A, Fuzzell MD, Fuzzell SL, Hochstetler SD, Miskimen KL, Main LR, Osterman MD, Ogrocki PK, Lerner AJ, Vance JM, Cuccaro ML, Haines JL, Pericak‐Vance MA, Scott WK. Association of mitochondrial haplogroups and cognitive impairment in the Amish. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.067658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Dorfsman
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Michael B. Prough
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Laura J. Caywood
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Jason E. Clouse
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Sharlene D. Herington
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Susan H. Slifer
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Larry D. Adams
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Renee A. Laux
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Yeunjoo E. Song
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Audrey Lynn
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - M. Denise Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Sarada L. Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Sherri D. Hochstetler
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Kristy L. Miskimen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Leighanne R. Main
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Michael D. Osterman
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Paula K. Ogrocki
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH USA
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
| | - Alan J. Lerner
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH USA
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
| | - Jeffery M. Vance
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami FL USA
| | - Michael L. Cuccaro
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
| | - Margaret A. Pericak‐Vance
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - William K. Scott
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
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8
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Prough MB, Caywood LJ, Clouse JE, Herington SD, Slifer SH, Dorfsman DA, Adams LD, Laux RA, Song YE, Lynn A, Fuzzell MD, Fuzzell SL, Miller SD, Miskimen KL, Main LR, Osterman MD, Ogrocki PK, Lerner AJ, Vance JM, Cuccaro ML, Haines JL, Scott WK, Pericak‐Vance MA. Plasma pTau181 is associated with impaired cognition in the Old Order Amish and adds additional information beyond the known genetic risk factors for AD. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.067752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Prough
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Laura J. Caywood
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Jason E. Clouse
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Sharlene D. Herington
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Susan H. Slifer
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics Miami FL USA
| | - Daniel A. Dorfsman
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Larry D. Adams
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Renee A. Laux
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Yeunjoo E. Song
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Audrey Lynn
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - M. Denise Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Sarada L. Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Sherri D. Miller
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Kristy L. Miskimen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Leighanne R. Main
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Michael D. Osterman
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Paula K. Ogrocki
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH USA
| | - Alan J. Lerner
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH USA
| | - Jeffery M. Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miami FL USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Michael L. Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
| | - William K. Scott
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Margaret A. Pericak‐Vance
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami FL USA
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9
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Osterman MD, Song YE, Adams LD, Laux RA, Caywood LJ, Prough MB, Clouse JE, Herington SD, Slifer SH, Lynn A, Fuzzell MD, Fuzzell SL, Hochstetler SD, Miskimen K, Main LR, Dorfsman DA, Ogrocki P, Lerner AJ, Ramos J, Vance JM, Cuccaro ML, Scott WK, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL. The genetic architecture of Alzheimer disease risk in the Ohio and Indiana Amish. HGG Adv 2022; 3:100114. [PMID: 35599847 PMCID: PMC9114685 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and is currently estimated to affect 6.2 million Americans. It ranks as the sixth leading cause of death in the United States, and the proportion of deaths due to AD has been increasing since 2000, while the proportion of many other leading causes of deaths have decreased or remained constant. The risk for AD is multifactorial, including genetic and environmental risk factors. Although APOE ε4 remains the largest genetic risk factor for AD, more than 26 other loci have been associated with AD risk. Here, we recruited Amish adults from Ohio and Indiana to investigate AD risk and protective genetic effects. As a founder population that typically practices endogamy, variants that are rare in the general population may be of a higher frequency in the Amish population. Since the Amish have a slightly lower incidence and later age of onset of disease, they represent an excellent and unique population for research on protective genetic variants. We compared AD risk in the Amish and to a non-Amish population through APOE genotype, a non-APOE genetic risk score of genome-wide significant variants, and a non-APOE polygenic risk score considering all of the variants. Our results highlight the lesser relative impact of APOE and differing genetic architecture of AD risk in the Amish compared to a non-Amish, general European ancestry population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Osterman
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yeunjoo E. Song
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Larry D. Adams
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Renee A. Laux
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Laura J. Caywood
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael B. Prough
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jason E. Clouse
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sharlene D. Herington
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Susan H. Slifer
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Audrey Lynn
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M. Denise Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarada L. Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sherri D. Hochstetler
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kristy Miskimen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Leighanne R. Main
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel A. Dorfsman
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paula Ogrocki
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alan J. Lerner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jairo Ramos
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeffery M. Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael L. Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - William K. Scott
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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10
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Scott WK, Ramos J, Slifer SH, Caywood LJ, Prough MB, Clouse JE, Dorfsman DA, Herington SD, Fuzzell MD, Fuzzell SL, Sewell JL, Miller SD, Osterman MD, Main LR, Miskimen KL, Lynn A, Whitehead PL, Adams LD, Laux RA, Song YE, Foroud TM, Mayeux R, Ogrocki PK, Lerner AJ, Vance JM, Cuccaro ML, Haines JL, Pericak‐Vance MA. Association of a locus on chromosome 17 with earlier age at onset of cognitive impairment in a familial Amish dataset. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.056288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William K. Scott
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Jairo Ramos
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Susan H. Slifer
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Laura J. Caywood
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Michael B. Prough
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Jason E. Clouse
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Daniel A. Dorfsman
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Sharlene D. Herington
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - M. Denise Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Sarada L. Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Jane L. Sewell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Sherri D. Miller
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Michael D. Osterman
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Leighanne R Main
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Kristy L. Miskimen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Audrey Lynn
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Patrice L. Whitehead
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Larry D. Adams
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Renee A. Laux
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Yeunjoo E. Song
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | | | - Richard Mayeux
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain Columbia University New York NY USA
| | - Paula K. Ogrocki
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH USA
| | - Alan J. Lerner
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH USA
| | - Jeffery M. Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Michael L. Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Margaret A. Pericak‐Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
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11
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Prough MB, Caywood LJ, Clouse JE, Herington SD, Slifer SH, Dorfsman DA, Adams LD, Laux RA, Song YE, Lynn A, Fuzzell MD, Fuzzell SL, Sewell JL, Miller SD, Miskimen KL, Main LR, Osterman MD, Ogrocki PK, Lerner AJ, Ramos J, Vance JM, Cuccaro ML, Haines JL, Scott WK, Pericak‐Vance MA. Preferential preservation of constructional praxis delayed recall compared to word list delayed recall in the Amish. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.056386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Prough
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Laura J. Caywood
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Jason E. Clouse
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Sharlene D. Herington
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Susan H. Slifer
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Daniel A. Dorfsman
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Larry D. Adams
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Renee A. Laux
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Yeunjoo E. Song
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Audrey Lynn
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - M. Denise Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Sarada L. Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Jane L. Sewell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Sherri D. Miller
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Kristy L. Miskimen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Leighanne R Main
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Michael D. Osterman
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Paula K. Ogrocki
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH USA
| | - Alan J. Lerner
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH USA
| | - Jairo Ramos
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Jeffery M. Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Michael L. Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - William K. Scott
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Margaret A. Pericak‐Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
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12
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Graham AM, Peters JL, Wilson RE, Muñoz-Fuentes V, Green AJ, Dorfsman DA, Valqui TH, Winker K, McCracken KG. Adaptive introgression of the beta-globin cluster in two Andean waterfowl. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 127:107-123. [PMID: 33903741 PMCID: PMC8249413 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introgression of beneficial alleles has emerged as an important avenue for genetic adaptation in both plant and animal populations. In vertebrates, adaptation to hypoxic high-altitude environments involves the coordination of multiple molecular and cellular mechanisms, including selection on the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway and the blood-O2 transport protein hemoglobin (Hb). In two Andean duck species, a striking DNA sequence similarity reflecting identity by descent is present across the ~20 kb β-globin cluster including both embryonic (HBE) and adult (HBB) paralogs, though it was yet untested whether this is due to independent parallel evolution or adaptive introgression. In this study, we find that identical amino acid substitutions in the β-globin cluster that increase Hb-O2 affinity have likely resulted from historical interbreeding between high-altitude populations of two different distantly-related species. We examined the direction of introgression and discovered that the species with a deeper mtDNA divergence that colonized high altitude earlier in history (Anas flavirostris) transferred adaptive genetic variation to the species with a shallower divergence (A. georgica) that likely colonized high altitude more recently possibly following a range shift into a novel environment. As a consequence, the species that received these β-globin variants through hybridization might have adapted to hypoxic conditions in the high-altitude environment more quickly through acquiring beneficial alleles from the standing, hybrid-origin variation, leading to faster evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie M Graham
- Eccles Institute for Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Jeffrey L Peters
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Robert E Wilson
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Violeta Muñoz-Fuentes
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andy J Green
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, EBD-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel A Dorfsman
- Human Genetics and Genomics, Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Thomas H Valqui
- Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI), Surco, Lima, Perú
- Universidad Nacional Agraria, La Molina, Perú
| | - Kevin Winker
- University of Alaska Museum and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Kevin G McCracken
- Human Genetics and Genomics, Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI), Surco, Lima, Perú.
- University of Alaska Museum and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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13
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Griswold AJ, Celis K, Bussies PL, Rajabli F, Whitehead PL, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Beecham GW, Dykxhoorn DM, Nuytemans K, Wang L, Gardner OK, Dorfsman DA, Bigio EH, Mesulam MM, Weintraub S, Geula C, Gearing M, McGrath-Martinez E, Dalgard CL, Scott WK, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Young JI, Vance JM. Increased APOE ε4 expression is associated with the difference in Alzheimer's disease risk from diverse ancestral backgrounds. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1179-1188. [PMID: 33522086 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 confers less risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in carriers with African local genomic ancestry (ALA) than APOE ε4 carriers with European local ancestry (ELA). Cell type specific transcriptional variation between the two local ancestries (LAs) could contribute to this disease risk differences. METHODS Single-nucleus RNA sequencing was performed on frozen frontal cortex of homozygous APOE ε4/ε4 AD patients: seven with ELA, four with ALA. RESULTS A total of 60,908 nuclei were sequenced. Within the LA region (chr19:44-46Mb), APOE was the gene most differentially expressed, with ELA carriers having significantly more expression (overall P < 1.8E-317 ) in 24 of 32 cell clusters. The transcriptome of one astrocyte cluster, with high APOE ε4 expression and specific to ELA, is suggestive of A1 reactive astrocytes. DISCUSSION AD patients with ELA expressed significantly greater levels of APOE than ALA APOE ε4 carriers. These differences in APOE expression could contribute to the reduced risk for AD seen in African APOE ε4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Katrina Celis
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Parker L Bussies
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Farid Rajabli
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Patrice L Whitehead
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kara L Hamilton-Nelson
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Gary W Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Derek M Dykxhoorn
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Karen Nuytemans
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Liyong Wang
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Olivia K Gardner
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel A Dorfsman
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Northwestern ADC Neuropathology Core, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marek Marsel Mesulam
- Northwestern ADC Neuropathology Core, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Northwestern ADC Neuropathology Core, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Changiz Geula
- Northwestern ADC Neuropathology Core, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marla Gearing
- Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elisa McGrath-Martinez
- The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Henry Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Henry Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Anatomy Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William K Scott
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Juan I Young
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Bussies PL, Rajabli F, Griswold A, Dorfsman DA, Whitehead P, Adams LD, Mena PR, Cuccaro M, Haines JL, Byrd GS, Beecham GW, Pericak-Vance MA, Young JI, Vance JM. Use of local genetic ancestry to assess TOMM40-523' and risk for Alzheimer disease. Neurol Genet 2020; 6:e404. [PMID: 32337333 PMCID: PMC7164968 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here, we re-examine TOMM40-523' as a race/ethnicity-specific risk modifier for late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) with adjustment for local genomic ancestry (LGA) in Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 haplotypes. METHODS The TOMM40-523' size was determined by fragment analysis and whole genome sequencing in homozygous APOE ε3 and APOE ε4 haplotypes of African (AF) or European (EUR) ancestry. The risk for LOAD was assessed within groups by allele size. RESULTS The TOMM40-523' length did not modify risk for LOAD in APOE ε4 haplotypes with EUR or AF LGA. Increasing length of TOMM40-523' was associated with a significantly reduced risk for LOAD in EUR APOE ε3 haplotypes. CONCLUSIONS Adjustment for LGA confirms that TOMM40-523' cannot explain the strong differential risk for LOAD between APOE ε4 with EUR and AF LGA. Our study does confirm previous reports that increasing allele length of the TOMM40-523' repeat is associated with decreased risk for LOAD in carriers of homozygous APOE ε3 alleles and demonstrates that this effect is occurring in those individuals with the EUR LGA APOE ε3 allele haplotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker L Bussies
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Farid Rajabli
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Anthony Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Daniel A Dorfsman
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Patrice Whitehead
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Larry D Adams
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Pedro R Mena
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Michael Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Goldie S Byrd
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Gary W Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Juan I Young
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
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