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Li Y, Pan M, Meng S, Xu W, Wang S, Dou M, Zhang C. The Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Antioxidation, Inflammation, Tight Junction Integrity, and Apoptosis in Heat-Stressed Bovine Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2042-2051. [PMID: 37648935 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) have diverse applications in numerous biomedical processes. The present study explored the effects of these nanoparticles on antioxidation, inflammation, tight junction integrity, and apoptosis in heat-stressed bovine intestinal epithelial cells (BIECs). Primary BIECs that were isolated and cultured from calves either were subjected to heat stress alone (42°C for 6 h) or were simultaneously heat-stressed and treated with nano-ZnO (0.8 μg/mL). Cell viability, apoptosis, and expression of genes involved in antioxidation (Nrf2, HO-1, SOD1, and GCLM), inflammation-related genes (TLR4, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10), intestinal barrier genes (Claudin, Occludin, and ZO-1), and apoptosis-related genes (Cyt-c, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9) were assessed to evaluate the effect of nano-ZnO on heat-stressed BIECs. The nanoparticles significantly increased cell viability and decreased the rate of apoptosis of BIECs induced by heat stress. In addition, nano-ZnO promoted the expression of antioxidant-related genes HO-1 and GCLM and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene IL-10, and inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokine-related genes IL-6 and IL-8. The nanoparticles also enhanced expression of the Claudin and ZO-1 genes, and decreased expression of the apoptosis-related genes Cyt-c and Caspase-3. These results reveal that nano-ZnO improve the antioxidant and immune capacity of BIECs and mitigate apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells induced by heat stress. Thus, nano-ZnO have potential for detrimental the adverse effects of heat stress in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiao Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Mengying Pan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Sudan Meng
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Mengying Dou
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Cai Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
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Zeng Y, Chen X, Zhu J, Long D, Jian Y, Tan Q, Wang H. Effects of Cu (II) on the Growth of Chlorella vulgaris and Its Removal Efficiency of Pollutants in Synthetic Piggery Digestate. TOXICS 2024; 12:56. [PMID: 38251012 PMCID: PMC10819573 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
C. vulgaris has a positive effect on the removal of nutrients from pig farm biogas slurry. However, swine wastewater often contains heavy metal ions, such as Cu (II), which may have impacts on the nutrient removal performance of C. vulgaris. Additionally, the heavy metal ions in wastewater can be adsorbed by microalgae. In this study, the stress effect of Cu (II) on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris, the Cu (II) removal by microalgae, and the effect of different concentrations of Cu (II) on the nutrient removal efficiency of C. vulgaris in biogas slurries were explored. The results showed that the microalgae biomass of microalgae on the sixth day of the experiment was the highest in the treatment with a Cu (II) concentration of 0.5 mg/L, which was 30.1% higher than that of the 2.5 mg/L group. C. vulgaris had higher removal efficiencies of Cu (II) at a Cu (II) concentration of 0.1~1.5 mg/L. The-OH, C=O, -COOH, and C-O groups on the surface of the algal cells play a significant role in the removal of Cu (II). The removal rates of COD, NH3-N, TN, and TP by C. vulgaris at a Cu (II) concentration of 0.5 mg/L were the highest, which were 89.0%, 53.7%, 69.6%, and 47.3%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Zeng
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi 830023, China
| | - Jiaming Zhu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Dingbiao Long
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Yue Jian
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Qiong Tan
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
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Hansen S, Nørgaard J, Woyengo T, Nielsen T. The relationship between zinc intake, dietary content, and fecal excretion in pigs. Livest Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2023.105228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Zeebone YY, Kovács M, Bóta B, Zdeněk V, Taubner T, Halas V. Dietary fumonisin may compromise the nutritive value of feed and distort copper and zinc digestibility and retention in weaned piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:504-517. [PMID: 35534935 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fumonisins (FUM) have been reported to impede gut functioning in pigs. However, investigations into the possible effect on mineral metabolism are limited. Thus, the trial studied the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and retention of dietary nitrogen and minerals, intestinal architecture, digestive enzymes activity and heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) activity. Eighteen weaned piglets of 7 weeks old were assigned to three groups and their feed either contained 0, 15 or 30 mg FUM/kg for 21 days. ATTD and retention of dietary N and minerals were measured in a 5- day long balance trial between Day 17 and Day 21. The digestible and metabolisable energy (DE and ME) content of the feeds were also determined. The body weights, cumulative feed intake, relative organ weights, digestive enzymes activity and intestinal morphology were not affected (p > 0.05) by dietary treatments. The DE content was significantly lower (p < 0.05) when the feed contained 15 mg/kg FUM, but no statistically reliable treatment effect was confirmed for ME content. Dietary FUM significantly lowered (p < 0.05) the ATTD of Ca and P but not (p > 0.05) N, K, Mg and Na. The relative retention rate of N, Ca, P, K, Mg and Na in all groups were not impacted (p > 0.05) by treatments. The ATTD and relative retention of Cu and Zn were remarkably (p < 0.05) lower in piglets fed FUM-contaminated feed. In addition, the expression of Hsp70 activity in the liver was significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in the highest treatment group. These findings suggest that a dietary dose of 15 or 30 mg FUM/kg diet distorts the nutritive value of the mixed feed, results in poor ATTD and retention rates of Zn and Cu, and elevate Hsp70 activity in the liver without altering intestinal architecture or digestive enzymes' activity in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Zeebone
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences Kaposvár Campus, Kaposvár, Hungary.,MTA-KE-SZIE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - M Kovács
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences Kaposvár Campus, Kaposvár, Hungary.,MTA-KE-SZIE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - B Bóta
- MTA-KE-SZIE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - V Zdeněk
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague, Czechia
| | - T Taubner
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - V Halas
- Department of Farm Animal Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences Kaposvár Campus, Kaposvár, Hungary
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Jewell DE, Jackson MI. Predictive equations for dietary energy are improved when independently developed for dry and wet food which could benefit both the pet and the environment. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1104695. [PMID: 36896288 PMCID: PMC9990867 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1104695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Measuring energy availability through metabolizable energy feeding studies is the "gold standard" for establishing metabolizable energy concentration. However, predictive equations are often used to estimate metabolizable energy in dog and cat pet foods. The goal of this work was to evaluate the prediction of energy density and compare those predictions to each other and the energy needs of the individual pets. Methods Feeding studies used 397 adult dogs and 527 adult cats on 1,028 canine and 847 feline foods. Individual pet results for the estimate of metabolizable energy density were used as outcome variables. Prediction equations were generated from the new data and compared to previously published equations. Results and discussion On average the dogs consumed 747 kilocalories (kcals) per day (SD = 198.7) while cats consumed 234 kcals per day (SD = 53.6). The difference between the average prediction of energy density and the measured metabolizable energy varied from the modified Atwater prediction 4.5%, 3.4% (NRC equations), 1.2% (Hall equations) to the new equations calculated from these data at 0.5%. The average absolute values of the differences between measured and predicted estimates in pet foods (dry and canned, dog and cat) are: 6.7% (modified Atwater), 5.1% (NRC equations), 3.5% (Hall equations) and 3.2% (new equations). All of these estimates resulted in significantly less variation in the estimate of the food expected to be consumed than the observed variation associated with actual pet consumption to maintain body weight. When expressed as a ratio of energy consumed to metabolic body weight (weight in kilograms3/4) the within species variation in energy consumed to maintain weight was still high as compared to the energy density estimates variance from measured metabolizable energy. The amount of food offered as the central point in a feeding guide, based on the prediction equations, would on average result in an average variance between 8.2% error in the worst case estimate (feline dry using modified Atwater estimates) and approximately 2.7% (the new equation for dry dog food). All predictions had relatively small differences in calculating food consumed when compared to the differences associated with the variation in normal energy demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis E Jewell
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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Shurson GC, Urriola PE. Sustainable swine feeding programs require the convergence of multiple dimensions of circular agriculture and food systems with One Health. Anim Front 2022; 12:30-40. [DOI: 10.1093/af/vfac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald C Shurson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, MN , USA
| | - Pedro E Urriola
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, MN , USA
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Shurson GC, Urriola PE, Hung YT. Too Much of a Good Thing: Rethinking Feed Formulation and Feeding Practices for Zinc in Swine Diets to Achieve One Health and Environmental Sustainability. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233374. [PMID: 36496895 PMCID: PMC9739216 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this review were to summarize current knowledge of Zn in swine nutrition, environmental concerns, potential contribution to antimicrobial resistance, and explore the use of alternative feeding strategies to reduce Zn excretion in manure while capturing improvements in productivity. Zinc is a required nutrient for pigs but is commonly supplemented at concentrations that greatly exceed estimated requirements. Feeding pharmacological concentrations of Zn from ZnO to pigs for 1 to 2 weeks post-weaning reduces post-weaning diarrhea and improves growth performance. Feeding elevated dietary levels of Zn to sows during the last 30 days of gestation can reduce the incidence of low-birth-weight pigs and pre-weaning mortality. Most of the dietary Zn consumed by pigs is not retained in the body and is subsequently excreted in manure, which led several countries to impose regulations restricting dietary Zn concentrations to reduce environmental impacts. Although restricting Zn supplementation in swine diets is a reasonable approach for reducing environmental pollution, it does not allow capturing health and productivity benefits from strategic use of elevated dietary Zn concentrations. Therefore, we propose feeding strategies that allow strategic use of high dietary concentrations of Zn while also reducing Zn excretion in manure compared with current feeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald C. Shurson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Pedro E. Urriola
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Kim B, Jeong JY, Park SH, Jung H, Kim M. Effects of dietary copper sources and levels on growth performance, copper digestibility, fecal and serum mineral characteristics in growing pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:885-896. [PMID: 36287789 PMCID: PMC9574621 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three different
copper (Cu) sources (one inorganic and two organics) and levels (0, 50, and 100
mg/kg) on the growth performance, Cu digestibility, fecal mineral excretion,
serum mineral concentration, jejunal morphology, and serum biochemical profile
of growing pigs. A total of 42 male, growing pigs (31.08 ± 1.82 kg) were
randomly assigned to seven treatments consisting of one negative control (0
mg/kg of added Cu level) and treatments with copper sulfate (CuSO4), Cu-amino
acid complex (CuAA), and Cu-hydroxy-4-methylthio butanoate chelate complex
(CuHMB) at 50 and 100 mg/kg each for 28 d. Pigs fed 50 or 100 mg/kg of Cu showed
improved (p < 0.05) average daily gain and feed intake.
Although Cu excretion decreased (p < 0.01) in pigs fed
100 mg/kg of organic Cu sources compared to those fed CuSO4, there
was no difference between the Cu sources in pigs fed 50 mg/kg. However, the
apparent total tract digestibility of Cu increased (p <
0.01) in pigs fed organic Cu sources compared with that in pigs fed
CuSO4. The addition of CuHMB increased (p
< 0.01) serum phosphorus and sulfur concentrations; however, there were
no effects of source and level on jejunal morphology and serum biochemical
profile. These results suggest that the inclusion (50 mg/kg) of organic Cu
sources (CuAA and CuHMB) in the growing pig diet could be beneficial for growth
performance and Cu availability and may reduce environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeonghyeon Kim
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Jin Young Jeong
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Seol Hwa Park
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Jung
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
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Zhou B, Zhang J, Liu H, Chen S, Wang T, Wang C. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Improves the Intestinal Function of Intrauterine Growth Retardation Finishing Pigs via Regulating Intestinal Morphology, Inflammation, Antioxidant Status and Autophagy. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:884945. [PMID: 35733639 PMCID: PMC9207390 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.884945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate effects of zinc oxide nanoparticle (Nano-ZnO) on growth, immunity, intestinal morphology and function of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) finishing pigs. Six normal birth weight (NBW) and 12 IUGR male piglets were obtained and weaned at 21 d. NBW-weaned piglets fed basal diets (NBW group), IUGR-weaned piglets allocated to two groups fed basal diets (IUGR group) and basal diets further supplemented 600 mg Zn/kg from Nano-ZnO (IUGR+Zn group), respectively. All pigs were slaughtered at 163 d. Results showed: (1) IUGR pigs showed no difference in body weight at 77d and 163d (P > 0.05), while had increased villus height (VH) and villus surface area in jejunum (P < 0.05) and enhanced interleukin-6, TNF-α and NF-κB mRNA expression (P < 0.05) as compared to NBW group; Compared with IUGR group, dietary Nano-ZnO did not affect the body weight (P > 0.05), but increased VH to crypt depth ratio and IgA concentration (P < 0.05) and decreased TNF-α and NF-κB mRNA expression in jejunum (P < 0.05). (2) IUGR increased the number of swollen mitochondria and autolysosomes, and protein expressions of sequestosome-1 (P62) and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 B/A (LC3B/A) in jejunum as compared to NBW group (P < 0.05); Compared with IUGR group, Nano-ZnO decreased the number of swollen mitochondria and autolysosomes, and P62 and LC3B/A protein expression (P < 0.05). (3) IUGR increased mucosal contents of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl (PC) and Keap1 protein expression (P < 0.05) as compared to NBW group; Compared with IUGR group, dietary Nano-ZnO increased activities of total antioxidant capacity, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione content (P < 0.05), and enhanced nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf2), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit and glutathione peroxidase 1 mRNA expression, and increased total and nuclear Nrf2 protein expression (P < 0.05), and decreased malondialdehyde and PC content, and Keap1 protein expression (P < 0.05) in jejunum. Results suggested that IUGR pigs showed postnatal catch-up growth and improved intestinal morphology, and dietary Nano-ZnO may further improve intestinal morphology, reduce inflammation, decrease autophagy and alleviate oxidative stress via Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in jejunum of IUGR pigs.
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Zhang J, Yu C, Li Z, Li J, Chen Y, Wang T, Wang C. Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth, Intestinal Barrier, Oxidative Status and Mineral Deposition in 21-Day-Old Broiler Chicks. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1826-1834. [PMID: 34101102 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was to study the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on growth, intestinal barrier, oxidative status, and mineral deposition. In total, 256 one-day-old chicks were randomly allotted to 4 dietary groups and fed with basal diet plus 80 mg/kg ZnSO4 (ZnSO4 group) or plus 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg ZnO-NPs, respectively, for 21 days. Compared with the ZnSO4 group, dietary 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg ZnO-NPs did not alter growth (average daily gain, body weight, and gain to feed ratio), and serum activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (P > 0.05). However, dietary 80 and 160 mg/kg ZnO-NPs linearly decreased serum D-lactate content and diamine oxidase activity (P < 0.01). Moreover, 80 mg/kg ZnO-NPs enhanced zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) mRNA expression in jejunal mucosa (P = 0.02). Dietary ZnO-NPs increased total antioxidant capacity activity (P = 0.01), and 80 mg/kg ZnO-NPs decreased malondialdehyde content in jejunal mucosa as compared to the ZnSO4 group (P = 0.02). In contrast, dietary ZnO-NPs did not alter mRNA expressions of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, heme oxygennase-1 (HO-1) and NAD (P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) (P > 0.05). No significant difference was found in selected mineral concentrations (Mn, Cu, Fe and Zn) in the liver among ZnSO4 and 3 ZnO-NP groups (P > 0.05). However, 160 mg/kg ZnO-NPs increased fecal contents of Zn, Fe and Cu (P < 0.01), but did not affect fecal Mn level (P > 0.05). Therefore, results suggested that ZnO-NPs could be an additive to enhance the intestinal barrier and antioxidant capacity of broiler chicks, whereas the inclusion of 80 mg/kg would be more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Caiyun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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11
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Pal RP, Mani V, Mir SH, Sharma A, Sarkar S. Comparative effect of zinc supplementation by hydroxy and inorganic sources on nutrient utilisation, mineral balance, growth performance and growth biomarkers in pre-ruminant calves. Arch Anim Nutr 2022; 75:435-449. [PMID: 35109726 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2021.2007692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn), an important microelement in ruminant diet, plays a critical role in various enzymes, hormones and functional proteins involved in nutrient metabolism. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of zinc hydroxychloride (Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O [ZnOHCl] and zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) on nutrient utilisation, mineral metabolism and biomarkers pertaining to growth performance in pre-ruminant crossbred calves. Twenty-four crossbred calves [body weight (BW); 31.03 ± 4.30 kg; age 10 d] were randomly allocated to four treatment groups (n = 6), i.e. no supplementation of Zn (0 mg/kg dry matter [DM]), 80 mg/kg DM Zn as ZnSO4(ZnS-80), 40 mg/kg DM Zn as ZnOHCl (ZnH-40) and 80 mg/kg DM Zn as ZnOHCl (ZnH-80) for 90 d experimental period. Results showed that dietary Zn supplementation improved (p < 0.05) feed intake, BW, average daily gain, heart girth, body length, plasma growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor and thyroxin concentration; however, nutrient digestibility remained unaffected among the groups. Addition of Zn increased (p < 0.05) Zn retention and plasma Zn concentration without affecting retention and plasma concentration of other minerals. Retention of Zn was the highest in ZnH-80 group followed by ZnH-40, ZnS-80 and lowest in control group. Overall results of the present study indicate that regardless of sources and levels, Zn supplementation increased growth performance, plasma Zn concentration and hormones levels in pre-ruminant crossbred calves. However, supplementation of hydroxy Zn at 40 mg/kg DM had similar effect as produced by ZnSO4 or ZnOHCl at a supplementation level of 80 mg/kg DM. Therefore, from the present study it can be concluded that ZnOHCl can be used as a Zn source for pre-ruminant calves at a lower dose compared to ZnSO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Prakash Pal
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, India.,Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Veena Mani
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, India
| | - Shahid Hassan Mir
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, India
| | - Srobana Sarkar
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, India
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12
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Li M, Tang W, Liao P, Li Y. Evaluating the Influence of Different Recommended Dietary Levels of Cu and Zn on Finishing Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:770195. [PMID: 35111837 PMCID: PMC8801699 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.770195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of different recommended levels of Cu and Zn on antioxidant capacity, tissue mineral status, minerals excretion, meat quality, digestive enzyme activity, and metal transporters in finishing pigs. A total of 120 pigs (with an average initial body weight (BW) of 70.0 ± 2.1 kg) were randomly divided into four treatments: (1) basal diet without added Cu or Zn (control), (2) basal diet+35 mg cupreous N-carbamylglutamate chelate (NCG-Cu) +150 mg zinc-methionine chelate (Zn-Met) (AC), (3) basal diet + 3.0 mg of NCG-Cu + 43 mg Zn-Met (CN), and (4) basal diet + 3.5 mg NCG-Cu + 50 mg Zn-Met (NRC100). Pig growth performance was not affected by the level of Cu or Zn. Among the four treatments, the AC treatment had the highest concentration (P < 0.05) of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Pigs fed the AC diet had the highest (P < 0.05) liver Zn, fecal Cu, and fecal Zn among the four treatments. The protein levels of trypsin and aminopeptidase N (APN) in the intestinal mucosa showed their highest levels (P < 0.05) in the NRC100 and AC treatments. The mRNA levels of trypsinogen and APN were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the AC, CN, and NRC100 treatments compared with the control. The mRNA levels for the Zn transporter genes SLC30A1 (ZnT1) and SLC30A2 (ZnT2) were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the AC treatment, and the mRNA levels for SLC39A4 (ZIP4) and metallothionein 1 (MT) in the AC, CN, and NRC100 treatments were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) compared with the control. Meat quality were not affected (P > 0.05) by the different recommended levels of Cu and Zn. These results indicated that the supplemental Cu and Zn levels routinely used in AC diets in Chinese commercial feed enterprises should be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Hunan Tianxin Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Chenzhou, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Liao
| | - Yunhu Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, China
- Yunhu Li
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Dietary l-glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid improves short-term maintenance of zinc homoeostasis in a model of subclinical zinc deficiency in weaned piglets. Br J Nutr 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s000711452100489x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study compared the Zn response in selected tissues of weaned piglets fed L-glutamic acid, N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA), while challenged with short-term subclinical Zn deficiency (SZD). During a total experimental period of eight days, 96 piglets were fed restrictively (450 g/d) a high phytate (9 g/kg) diet containing added Zn at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 45 and 75 mg/kg with and without 200 mg/kg of GLDA. No animals showed signs of clinical Zn deficiency and no phenotypical differences were observed. Broken line analysis of Zn status parameters such as liver Zn and apparently absorbed Zn indicated that the gross Zn requirement threshold was around 55 mg/kg diet. Supplementation of Zn above this threshold led to a saturation of the response in apparently absorbed Zn and linear increase in liver Zn. Bone and serum Zn responded to the dose in a linear fashion, likely due to the time-frame of Zn homoeostatic adaptation. Inclusion of GLDA into the diets yielded a higher intercept for bone Zn (P < 0·05). Liver Zn accumulation and MT1A gene expression was higher for piglets receiving GLDA (P < 0·05), indicating higher Zn influx. This study indicates that a strong chelator such as GLDA mitigates negative effects of phytate in plant-based diets, by sustaining Zn solubility, thereby improving nutritional Zn availability.
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Mendieta-Pino CA, Pérez-Báez SO, Ramos-Martín A, León-Zerpa F, Brito-Espino S. Natural treatment system for wastewater (NTSW) in a livestock farm, with five years of pilot plant management and monitoring. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131529. [PMID: 34329148 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports results of a 5-year trial study of a natural treatment system for wastewater (NTSW) on a livestock pig farm on Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain). The pilot plant consist of a rotary screen, a first-generation multi-chamber digester, and two horizontal subsurface flow treatment wetlands (HSFCW) with a pond installed between them. Results show that the removal efficiency of total chemical oxygen demand (CODt), total suspended solids (TSS), volatile solids (VS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) of the treatment were 91.77%, 95.99%, 82.62%, and 55.78%, respectively. Other removal values include 93.79% for total nitrogen (TN) and 93.05% for phosphorus (P2O5). The results demonstrate the suitability of NTSW solutions applied to livestock waste in pig farms and their potential application to other farms of similar size.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Mendieta-Pino
- Institute for Environmental Studies and Natural Resource, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Island, Spain.
| | - S O Pérez-Báez
- Institute for Environmental Studies and Natural Resource, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Island, Spain.
| | - A Ramos-Martín
- Department of Process Engineering, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Island, Spain.
| | - F León-Zerpa
- Institute for Environmental Studies and Natural Resource, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Island, Spain.
| | - S Brito-Espino
- Institute for Environmental Studies and Natural Resource, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Island, Spain.
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Zhen Y, Wang M, Gu Y, Yu X, Shahzad K, Xu J, Gong Y, Li P, Loor JJ. Biosorption of Copper in Swine Manure Using Aspergillus and Yeast: Characterization and Its Microbial Diversity Study. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:687533. [PMID: 34475858 PMCID: PMC8406632 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.687533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary copper supplementation in the feed of piglets generally exceeds 250-800 mg/kg, where a higher quantity (>250 mg/kg) can promote growth and improve feed conversion. Despite the reported positive effects, 90% of copper is excreted and can accumulate and pollute the soil. Data indicate that fungi have a biosorptive capacity for copper. Thus, the objectives of the present experiment were to study the effects of adding different strains of fungi on the biosorptive capacity for copper in swine manure and to evaluate potential effects on microbiota profiles. Aspergillus niger (AN), Aspergillus oryzae (AO), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) were selected, and each added 0.4% into swine manure, which contain 250 mg/kg of copper. The incubations lasted for 29 days, and biosorption parameters were analyzed on the 8th (D8), 15th (D15), 22nd (D22), and 29th (D29) day. Results showed that after biosorption, temperature was 18.47-18.77°C; pH was 6.33-6.91; and content of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, and deoxynivalenol were low. In addition, residual copper concentration with AN was the lowest on D15, D22, and D29. The copper biosorption rate was also highest with AN, averaging 84.85% on D29. Biosorption values for AO reached 81.12% and for SC were lower than 80%. Illumina sequencing of 16S and ITS rRNA gene revealed that fungal treatments reduced the diversity and richness of fungal abundance, but had no effect on bacterial abundance. Unknown_Marinilabiliaceae, Proteiniphilum, Tissierella, and Curvibacter were the dominant bacteria, while Aspergillus and Trichoderma were the dominant fungi. However, the added strain of S. cerevisiae was observed to be lower than the dominant fungi, which contained less than 0.05%. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment predicted via PICRUSt2 that there were bacterial genes potentially related to various aspects of metabolism and environmental information processing. Overall, data indicated that Aspergillus can provide microbial materials for adsorption of copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Zhen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Yalan Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Khuram Shahzad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute for Quality and Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuqing Gong
- Jiangsu Provincial Station of Animal Husbandry, Nanjing, China
| | - Peizhen Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Station of Animal Husbandry, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian Nutrition Physiology Genomics, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Use of Hydrolyzed Chinese Gallnut Tannic Acid in Weaned Piglets as an Alternative to Zinc Oxide: Overview on the Gut Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072000. [PMID: 34359128 PMCID: PMC8300422 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The effects of dietary hydrolyzed Chinese gallnut tannic acid (GCT) as a replacement for ZnO were investigated on weaned piglets. A total of 72 piglets (31 ± 1 day) were selected and divided randomly into two groups: a control group, with a basal diet of + 1600 mg/kg ZnO; and a treated group, with a basal diet of + 1899.5 mg/kg GCT. The diarrhea rate of piglets in the treated group declined on days 14–21 than in the control group. Additionally, we found GCT can reduce the crypt depth of the ileum and improve antioxidant capacity. High throughput sequencing showed that the GCT increased the richness of bacteria (Lachnospiraceae, Prevotella, and Lactobacillus amylovorus) associated with the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose. These data indicate that 1899.5 mg/kg GCT could be an alternative for 1600 mg/kg ZnO in the diet of piglets. Abstract The effects of dietary hydrolyzed Chinese gallnut tannic acid(GCT) as a replacement for ZnO were investigated on weaned piglets. A total of 72 weaned piglets at 31 ± 1 day (six replicate pens per treatment with six piglets per pen) were selected and divided randomly into two groups: a control group, with a basal diet of + 1600 mg/kg ZnO; and a treated group, with a basal diet of + 1899.5 mg/kg GCT. Data analysis showed that the significance of average daily gain and average daily feed intake between the two groups was p = 0.731 and p = 0.799, respectively. Compared with the control group, the diarrhea rate of piglets in the treated group underwent no noticeable change on days 0–7 (p = 0.383) and 7–14 (p = 0.263), but decreased significantly on days 14–21 (p < 0.05). Additionally, we found GCT can reduce the crypt depth of the ileum and improve its antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05). High throughput sequencing showed that GCT increased the richness of the bacteria Lachnospiraceae (p = 0.005), Prevotella_2 (p = 0.046) and Lactobacillus amylovorus (p = 0.081), which are associated with the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose. The study indicated that 1899.5 mg/kg GCT could be an alternative for 1600 mg/kg ZnO in the diet of piglets.
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Peng P, Deng D, Chen S, Li C, Luo J, Romeo A, Li T, Tang X, Fang R. The Effects of Dietary Porous Zinc Oxide Supplementation on Growth Performance, Inflammatory Cytokines and Tight Junction's Gene Expression in Early-Weaned Piglets. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 66:311-318. [PMID: 32863303 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary porous ZnO supplementation on the growth performance, inflammatory cytokines and tight junction's gene expression in weaned piglets. A total of 192 weaned piglets were randomly allocated to 4 experimental groups (n=48/group) and fed, during 14 d, with one of the following dietary treatments: 1) basal diet (NC); 2) basal diet with 3,000 mg/kg of conventional ZnO (PC); 3) basal diet with 750 mg/kg of porous ZnO (low inclusion porous ZnO, LP-ZnO); 4) basal diet with 1,500 mg/kg porous ZnO (high inclusion porous ZnO, HP-ZnO). Results showed that dietary supplementation with regular ZnO or porous ZnO (750 and 1,500 mg/kg) improved average daily gain (ADG), feed to gain ratio (F/G) and jejunum morphology, while decreasing diarrhea incidence. Compared with the NC group, porous ZnO at both doses (750 or 1,500 mg/kg) increased serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) concentrations, but decreased serum glucose (GLU). Moreover, the mRNA expression of anti-inflammation cytokine (TGF-β), tight junction (Occludin, ZO-1) in the jejunum by different ZnO administration were significantly increased compared with the NC group, while mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory (IL-8), membrane channels that transport water (AQP3) and miR-122a were significantly decreased. It can be concluded that porous ZnO even at low dose (750 mg/kg) can be an effective alternative to pharmacological (3,000 mg/kg) conventional ZnO in reducing diarrhea, promoting the growth performance, increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines and tight junctions, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines of weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University.,Tangrenshen Group, Liyu Industry Park, National High-tech Development Area
| | - Dun Deng
- Tangrenshen Group, Liyu Industry Park, National High-tech Development Area
| | - Sijia Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University
| | - Chengliang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University
| | - Jie Luo
- Tangrenshen Group, Liyu Industry Park, National High-tech Development Area
| | | | - Tiejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production
| | - Xiaopeng Tang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation for Karst Mountain Ecology Environment of Guizhou Province, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University
| | - Rejun Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University
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18
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Wang J, Li C, Yin Y, Zhang S, Li X, Sun Q, Wan D. Effects of Zinc Oxide/Zeolite on Intestinal Morphology, Intestinal Microflora, and Diarrhea Rates in Weaned Piglets. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1405-1413. [PMID: 32607765 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of zinc oxide/zeolite on growth performance, serum biochemistry, intestinal morphology, and microflora of weaned piglets. Two hundred and fifty-six weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large) at 21 days of age were randomly assigned to 2 groups with 8 replicates and 16 piglets in each pen. The diets of high dose of zinc oxide group (HD-ZnO) supplemented with 1500 mg/kg zinc as zinc oxide, but the diet of experimental group supplemented with 500 mg/kg zinc as zinc oxide that supported on zeolite (SR-ZnO). The experiment was conducted for 2 weeks after weanling. The results showed replacement of high-dosed zinc oxide by SR-ZnO had no significant effects on growth performance and intestinal morphology. However, the dietary supplementation of SR-ZnO reduced the diarrhea rate (P < 0.05), increased the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P < 0.01), and tended to reduce zinc release in stomach (P = 0.06) and increase serum total protein (TP) (P = 0.07). Although there were no significant effects in ileal microflora on α diversity, the abundance of Campylobacters was found significantly decreased (P < 0.05), whereas the abundance of Clostridium was increased (P < 0.05) after lower-dosed SR-ZnO replacement. It is revealed that replacement of HD-ZnO (1500 mg/kg) by SR-ZnO (500 mg/kg) in creep feed could improve the zinc bioavailability, regulate the intestinal flora, and alleviate the postweaning diarrhea in weaned piglets. Accordingly, the application of SR-ZnO would reduce the zinc in feed and therefore benefits for the ecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
- Yunan Yin Yulong Academician Workstation, Yunan Xinan Tianyou Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming, 6500323, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Yunan Yin Yulong Academician Workstation, Yunan Xinan Tianyou Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming, 6500323, China
| | - Xiaozhen Li
- Yunan Yin Yulong Academician Workstation, Yunan Xinan Tianyou Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming, 6500323, China
| | - Qingping Sun
- Yangzhou Zhongwei Bio-Tech Co. Ltd., Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.
- Yunan Yin Yulong Academician Workstation, Yunan Xinan Tianyou Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming, 6500323, China.
- Yangzhou Zhongwei Bio-Tech Co. Ltd., Yangzhou, 225000, China.
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19
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Treatment of Manure and Digestate Liquid Fractions Using Membranes: Opportunities and Challenges. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063107. [PMID: 33803027 PMCID: PMC8002686 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Manure and digestate liquid fractions are nutrient-rich effluents that can be fractionated and concentrated using membranes. However, these membranes tend to foul due to organic matter, solids, colloids, and inorganic compounds including calcium, ammonium, sodium, sulfur, potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium contained in the feed. This review paper is intended as a theoretical and practical tool for the decision-making process during design of membrane-based systems aiming at processing manure liquid fractions. Firstly, this review paper gives an overview of the main physico-chemical characteristics of manure and digestates. Furthermore, solid-liquid separation technologies are described and the complexity of the physico-chemical variables affecting the separation process is discussed. The main factors influencing membrane fouling mechanisms, morphology and characteristics are described, as well as techniques covering membrane inspection and foulant analysis. Secondly, the effects of the feed characteristics, membrane operating conditions (pressure, cross-flow velocity, temperature), pH, flocculation-coagulation and membrane cleaning on fouling and membrane performance are presented. Finally, a summary of techniques for specific recovery of ammonia-nitrogen, phosphorus and removal of heavy metals for farm effluents is also presented.
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Dahmer PL, Jones CK. Evaluating dietary acidifiers as alternatives for conventional feed-based antibiotics in nursery pig diets. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab040. [PMID: 34085026 PMCID: PMC8163041 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 360 weanling pigs (DNA 200 × 400; initially 9.7 ± 0.23 kg BW) were used in a 21-d experiment with 6 pigs/pen, 10 replicate pens/treatment, and 2 separate nursery rooms, each with 30 pens. Pigs were weighed and allotted to pens based on BW in a completely randomized block design to one of six treatment diets: 1) Negative control (no organic acids or antibiotics) and the control with 2) 0.25% acidifier A; 3) 0.3% acidifier B; 4) 0.5% acidifier C); 5) 50 g/ton carbadox; and 6) 400 g/ton chlortetracycline (CTC). Upon weaning, a common diet with no antibiotics or additives was fed for 21 d (Phases 1 and 2; days −21 to 0), followed by a 21-d experimental period (Phase 3; days 0 to 21) where treatment diets were fed. Pigs and feeders were individually weighed on a weekly basis to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed efficiency (G:F). Data were analyzed using the PROC GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (v 9.4, SAS Inst., Cary, NC) with pen as the experimental unit, treatment as a fixed effect, and room as a random effect. Dietary treatment had a significant impact (P < 0.05) on ADG, ADFI, and G:F each week and for the overall experimental period (days 0 to 21). Specifically, from days 0 to 7, pigs fed CTC had increased (P = 0.001) ADG compared with those fed acidifier B, acidifier C, and carbadox, whereas pigs fed the negative control and acidifier A diets were intermediate. Additionally, pigs fed the CTC diet had improved (P = 0.0002) ADFI when compared with all other treatments. From days 7 to 14 and days 14 to 21, pigs fed the carbadox diet had decreased (P < 0.0001) ADG compared with all other treatments. During the overall period (days 0 to 21), pigs fed diets containing carbadox had reduced ADG and ADFI (P < 0.0001), whereas pigs fed CTC had improved (P < 0.0001) ADG compared with all other treatments. Additionally, blood parameters, fecal consistency, and fecal microbial populations were analyzed on a subset of pigs (n = 5 pigs/treatment). Dietary treatment significantly affected (P < 0.05) concentrations of protein, globulin, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase in the blood. Treatment also significantly impacted (P = 0.0005) fecal score but did not affect (P = 0.59) fecal microbial growth from days 0 to 21. In summary, CTC continues to be a valuable additive to improve performance in the nursery. Further investigation surrounding the efficacy of dietary acidifiers as antibiotic alternatives is warranted given inconclusive evidence in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payton L Dahmer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Cassandra K Jones
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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21
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Cai Z, Wang B, Zhang L, Wen S, Xu M, Misselbrook TH, Carswell AM, Gao S. Striking a balance between N sources: Mitigating soil acidification and accumulation of phosphorous and heavy metals from manure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142189. [PMID: 33254904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Manure amendment has been shown to effectively prevent red soil (Ferralic Cambisol) acidification from chemical nitrogen (N) fertilization. However, information is lacking on how much manure is needed to mitigate acidification and maintain soil productivity while preventing accumulation of other nutrients and heavy metals from long-term inputs. This study determined the effects of various combinations of manure with urea-N on acidification and changes in soil P, K, and heavy metals in a 9-year maize field experiment in southern China. Treatments included chemical N, P and K fertilization only (NPKM0), and NPK plus swine manure, which supplied 20% (NPKM20), 40% (NPKM40), and 60% (NPKM60) of total N at 225 kg N ha-1 year-1. Soil pH, exchangeable acidity, available P and K, and maize yield were determined annually from 2009 to 2018. Soil exchangeable base cations, total and phytoavailable Cr, Pb, As, Ni, Cd, Cu, and Zn were measured in 2018. A significant decrease in soil pH occurred under NPKM0 and NPKM20 from initial 4.93 to 4.46 and 4.71, respectively. Whereas, under NPKM40 and NPKM60 no change or a significant increase in soil pH (to 5.47) occurred, as well as increased exchangeable base cations, and increased yields. Manure application markedly increased soil available P (but not K) to 67.6-182.6 mg kg-1 and significantly increased total Pb, Cu, and Zn and available Cu and Zn in soil. The results indicate sourcing 40% or greater of total N from manure can prevent or reverse acidification of red soil, and provide all P required, however, additional K inputs are required for balanced plant nutrient supply. An integrated approach of increasing N use efficiency, reducing chemical input, and reducing heavy metal concentrations in animal feed are all necessary for sustainable use of manure in soil acidity and nutrient management as well as minimizing environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejiang Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Field Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem in Qiyang, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan 426182, China
| | - Boren Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Field Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem in Qiyang, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan 426182, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Field Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem in Qiyang, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan 426182, China
| | - Shilin Wen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Field Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem in Qiyang, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan 426182, China
| | - Minggang Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Tom H Misselbrook
- Rothamsted Research, Sustainable Agriculture Sciences - North Wyke, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - Alison M Carswell
- Rothamsted Research, Sustainable Agriculture Sciences - North Wyke, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - Suduan Gao
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA 93648-9757, USA
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Zeng Z, Zheng P, Kang D, Li Y, Li W, Xu D, Chen W, Pan C. The removal of copper and zinc from swine wastewater by anaerobic biological-chemical process: Performance and mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123767. [PMID: 33113734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Copper and zinc are often used as feed additives and frequently detected in swine wastewater. Anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS) plays an important role in high-rate anaerobic methanation biotechnologies which are widely applied to treat swine wastewater. The removal of Cu2+ and Zn2+ by AnGS was investigated in the batch and continuous systems. The results of batch experiments showed the adsorption by AnGS could be a significant method for Cu2+ and Zn2+ removal with efficiencies of 99 % and 49 % respectively. The sulfide precipitation mediated by AnGS could be another significant pathway for Zn2+ removal with efficiency of 18-27 % in Protein/M2+ experiments and 16-46 % in SO42-/M2+ experiments (M2+ represents the total concentration of Cu2+ and Zn2+). The results of continuous experiment showed, with SO42-/M2+ larger than 1.5, the influent Cu2+ and Zn2+ could be effectively removed in an anaerobic methanation bioreactor and its effluent Cu2+and Zn2+concentrations were below 1 mg/L and 2 mg/L separately. The main removal mechanism of Cu2+and Zn2+ in the anaerobic methanation system was that the biological production of sulfide from sulfate was followed by chemical precipitation and reduction. It is helpful for the removal of Cu2+ and Zn2+ with organic pollutants simultaneously to eliminate environmental risk of swine wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zeng
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Faculty of Geosciences & Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Da Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyu Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenji Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenda Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Pan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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23
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Dahmer PL, Leubcke GE, Lerner AB, Jones CK. Effects of medium-chain fatty acids as alternatives to ZnO or antibiotics in nursery pig diets. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa151. [PMID: 32939444 PMCID: PMC7485619 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) on nursery pig performance in place of ZnO and carbadox. In this trial, 360 weanling pigs (DNA 200 × 400; 5.4 ± 0.07 kg BW) were fed for 35 d, with 6 pigs/pen and 10 replicate pens/treatment. Upon weaning, pigs were weighed and allotted to pens based on BW in a completely randomized design to one of six treatment diets: 1) Negative control (no added ZnO or carbadox); 2) Control + 3,000 ppm ZnO in phase 1 and 2,000 ppm ZnO in phase 2; 3) Control + 50 g/ton carbadox; 4) Control + C6:C8:C10 MCFA blend; 5) Control + Proprietary Oil Blend (Feed Energy Corp.); and 6) Control + monolaurate blend (FORMI GML from ADDCON). Treatment diets were fed through two dietary phases and a common diet fed through phase three. Pigs and feeders were individually weighed on a weekly basis to determine average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI). From days 0 to 19, pigs being fed the ZnO or Carbadox diets had the greatest ADG. These pigs had significantly higher (P < 0.05) ADG than pigs fed the control or Feed Energy Proprietary Oil Blend, whereas pigs fed the C6:C8:C10 blend or FORMI GML diets had similar (P > 0.05) ADG compared with those fed carbadox. These effects were primarily driven by feed intake, which was greatest (P < 0.05) in pigs fed ZnO and carbadox. Treatment diet had a marginally significant effect (P = 0.078) on G:F. Increased day 19 BW (P < 0.05) was observed for pigs fed ZnO and carbadox compared with the negative control, whereas other treatments were intermediate. Additionally, blood data and fecal scores were collected throughout the trial. On day 21, pigs fed ZnO or carbadox had higher (P < 0.0001) glucose values than those fed the Feed Energy Proprietary Oil Blend, with other diets being intermediate, showing potential health benefits of carbadox. Although ZnO resulted in higher glucose values, it may also contribute to hepatic issues. Although replacing ZnO and carbadox with MCFA did not result in significant changes in gut microflora, it did affect fecal consistency by softening the feces during the treatment period. Overall, these results show that ZnO and carbadox are valuable additives to help maximize growth performance in early stages of the nursery. Some MCFA products, like FORMI GML, may result in similar performance, whereas others restrict it. Thus, additional research is needed to study the effectiveness of MCFA to replace ZnO or feed-based antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payton L Dahmer
- Department of Animal Sciences & Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Grace E Leubcke
- Department of Animal Sciences & Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Annie B Lerner
- Department of Animal Sciences & Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Cassandra K Jones
- Department of Animal Sciences & Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
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24
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Singh N, Das MK, Ramteke A, R. P. Oxidative stress mediated hepatotoxicity induced by ZNP and modulatory role of fruit extract on male Wistar rat. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:492-500. [PMID: 32309148 PMCID: PMC7155234 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNP) are being used in various fields viz cosmetics industry as UV protectants, in the food packaging industry due to their anti-bacterial properties, in agriculture as micronutrients, etc. Increased applications of ZNPs in our day to day life, leading to the contamination of the surrounding environment posing a direct or indirect health risk. Various reports suggest that fruits and vegetables are a rich source of phytochemicals having antioxidant properties which help in neutralizing ROS generated on metal toxicity of the body. The present study focuses to study the ameliorative effect of apple (Pyrus malus) extract (E) on ZNP induced toxicity. Therefore, animals were grouped, six in each, exposed to various doses of ZNP (50 and 250 mg/kg), ZNP (50 and 250 mg/kg)+E. The studied parameters was: food intake, water intake, antioxidants assay, zinc accumulation, and histological alterations and was compared to control. Investigation revealed that ZNP induces toxicity as revealed by the alteration in the studied parameter, whereas those exposed to ZNP along with Pyrus malus fruit extract try to reduce the toxicity induced by nanoparticles but at low doses only. This ameliorative effect of fruit extract might be due to the presence of antioxidants scavenging the free radicals generated by ZNPs suggesting that antioxidant-rich fruit may have a protective role and have the potential to reduce the nanoparticles mediated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelu Singh
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Monoj Kumar Das
- Cancer Genetics and Chemoprevention Research Group, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028 Assam, India
| | - Anand Ramteke
- Cancer Genetics and Chemoprevention Research Group, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028 Assam, India
| | - Paulraj R.
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Corresponding author.
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25
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Laurent C, Bravin MN, Crouzet O, Pelosi C, Tillard E, Lecomte P, Lamy I. Increased soil pH and dissolved organic matter after a decade of organic fertilizer application mitigates copper and zinc availability despite contamination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:135927. [PMID: 31905571 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Long-term organic fertilizer (OF) application on agricultural soils is known to induce soil Cu and Zn contamination, along with pH and organic matter changes, which in turn alter the soil Cu and Zn availability. Our study was aimed at assessing Cu and Zn availability in long-term OF-amended soils by distinguishing the importance of increased contamination levels versus pH and organic matter changes in soil. Seventy-four soil samples were collected over time from fields corresponding to three soil types upon which no, mineral, or organic fertilization had been applied over a decade, and thus exhibited a gradient of Cu and Zn contamination, pH, and organic matter concentration. Soil Cu and Zn contamination (i.e. total and DTPA-extractable Cu and Zn concentration), soil solution chemistry (i.e. pH and dissolved organic matter concentration and aromaticity) and Cu and Zn availability (i.e. total concentration and free ionic activity in solution and DGT-available concentration in soil) levels were measured. The Windermere humic aqueous model (WHAM) was used to estimate Zn2+ activity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) binding properties in soil solution. Regardless of the soil type, organic fertilization increased Cu and Zn contamination in soil, in addition to the pH and the DOM concentration, aromaticity and binding properties in soil solution. The pH increase prompted a decrease in the total Zn concentration and Zn2+ activity in soil solution. The concomitant pH increase and DOM concentration, aromaticity and binding properties boosted the total Cu concentration but decreased the Cu2+ activity in soil solution. DGT-available Cu and Zn varied very little between the three fertilization modalities. Our results suggest that pH and DOM changes were able to regulate Cu and Zn availability in long-term OF amended soils by exerting a protective effect that offset the concomitant increase in soil Cu and Zn contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Laurent
- CIRAD, UPR Recyclage et risque, F-97743 Saint-Denis, Réunion, France; Recyclage et risque, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Matthieu N Bravin
- CIRAD, UPR Recyclage et risque, F-97743 Saint-Denis, Réunion, France; Recyclage et risque, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Olivier Crouzet
- INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, Ecotoxicology Team, 78026 Versailles, France.
| | - Céline Pelosi
- INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, Ecotoxicology Team, 78026 Versailles, France.
| | - Emmanuel Tillard
- CIRAD, UMR SELMET, F-97410 Saint-Pierre, Réunion, France; SELMET, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Philippe Lecomte
- CIRAD, UMR SELMET, F-97410 Saint-Pierre, Réunion, France; SELMET, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Isabelle Lamy
- INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, Ecotoxicology Team, 78026 Versailles, France.
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26
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Xu Y, Bai T, Yan Y, Ma K. Influence of sodium hydroxide addition on characteristics and environmental risk of heavy metals in biochars derived from swine manure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 105:511-519. [PMID: 32143146 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve characteristics of biochar, especially enhance immobilization of heavy metals in biochar, swine manure was pyrolyzed at low pyrolysis temperature (300 °C, 400 °C and 500 °C) with different amounts of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) added (0.5% and 2%, W/W). Results showed that NaOH addition during pyrolysis increased the pH, EC, ash content, yield rate, aromaticity and hydrophily, but did not increase surface area and porosity of resultant biochars. The addition of NaOH promoted the transformation of the mobile fraction of Cu, Zn and Cd into the oxidizable fraction. With respect to Cr and Pb, the oxidizable and residual fractions were increased slightly by the presence of NaOH. Meanwhile, adding NaOH could reduce the leachability and ecological risks of heavy metals in biochars. Our study suggested that NaOH-assisted pyrolysis of swine manure was an effective disposal approach for the immobilization of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake/Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China.
| | - Tianxia Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Yubo Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Kuirong Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
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27
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López-Colom P, Castillejos L, Rodríguez-Sorrento A, Puyalto M, Mallo JJ, Martín-Orúe SM. Impact of in-feed sodium butyrate or sodium heptanoate protected with medium-chain fatty acids on gut health in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli F4 . Arch Anim Nutr 2020; 74:271-295. [PMID: 32108496 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2020.1726719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Short and medium-chain fatty acids (SCFA and MCFA, respectively) are commonly used as feed additives in piglets to promote health and prevent post-weaning diarrhoea. Considering that the mechanism and site of action of these fatty acids can differ, a combined supplementation could result in a synergistic action. Considering this, it was aimed to assess the potential of two new in-feed additives based on butyrate or heptanoate, protected with sodium salts of MCFA from coconut distillates, against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4+ using an experimental disease model. Two independent trials were performed in 48 early-weaned piglets fed a control diet (CTR) or a diet supplemented with MCFA-protected sodium butyrate (BUT+; Trial 1) or sodium heptanoate (HPT+; Trial 2). After 1 week of adaptation, piglets were challenged with a single oral inoculum of ETEC F4+ (minimum 1.4 · 109 cfu). One animal per pen was euthanised on days 4 and 8 post-inoculation (PI) and the following variables assessed: growth performance, clinical signs, gut fermentation, intestinal morphology, inflammatory mediators, pathogen excretion and colon microbiota. None of the additives recovered growth performance or reduced diarrhoea when compared to the respective negative controls. However, both elicited different responses against ETEC F4+. The BUT+ additive did not lead to reduce E. coli F4 colonisation but enterobacterial counts and goblet cell numbers in the ileum were increased on day 8 PI and this followed higher serum TNF-α concentrations on day 4 PI. The Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio was nevertheless increased. Findings in the HPT+ treatment trial included fewer animals featuring E. coli F4 in the colon and reduced Enterobacteriaceae (determined by 16S RNA sequencing) on day 4 PI. In addition, while goblet cell numbers were lower on day 8 PI, total SCFA levels were reduced in the colon. Results indicate the efficacy of MCFA-protected heptanoate against ETEC F4+ and emphasise the potential trophic effect of MCFA-protected butyrate on the intestinal epithelium likely reinforcing the gut barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola López-Colom
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lorena Castillejos
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Agustina Rodríguez-Sorrento
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | | | - Susana M Martín-Orúe
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, Spain
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28
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Salud Camilleri-Rumbau M, Popovic O, Briceño K, Errico M, Søtoft LF, Christensen KV, Norddahl B. Ultrafiltration of separated digestate by tubular membranes: Influence of feed pretreatment on hydraulic performance and heavy metals removal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 250:109404. [PMID: 31521037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the influence of the solid-liquid pretreatment of anaerobically digested slurry on the subsequent ultrafiltration of the obtained liquid fractions in a semi-commercial ultrafiltration pilot plant. The first pretreatment considered is based on centrifugation alone, the second one, is based on a combined flocculation-coagulation and centrifugation step. It was found that during ultrafiltration of the liquid fractions from both pretreatments, the cross-flow velocity had a larger influence on permeate flux than the applied pressure, suggesting the predominance of a gel-like fouling layer. Chemical rejections during ultrafiltration of the liquid fractions were higher than 96.9% for Cu, Zn, Fe, Ca, Mg and Al, without significant differences between the pretreatments. Finally, membrane inspection using SEM showed that the membrane fouling morphology was closely related to the feed pretreatment. Additionally, elemental membrane surface analysis with EDX revealed that alkaline and acidic cleaning was effective in removing most of the inorganic foulants accumulated on the membrane surfaces. However, after chemical cleaning, ultrafiltration membranes processing liquid fractions from centrifugation assisted with flocculation-coagulation restored the membrane pristine surface characteristics to a higher extend. This suggests that obtaining digestate liquid fractions by centrifugation assisted with flocculation-coagulation could have a positive impact on the long-term stability of the subsequent ultrafiltration step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Salud Camilleri-Rumbau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Olga Popovic
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Kelly Briceño
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Massimiliano Errico
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Lene Fjerbæk Søtoft
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Knud Villy Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Birgir Norddahl
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
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29
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Reid CJ, McKinnon J, Djordjevic SP. Clonal ST131- H22 Escherichia coli strains from a healthy pig and a human urinary tract infection carry highly similar resistance and virulence plasmids. Microb Genom 2019; 5. [PMID: 31526455 PMCID: PMC6807379 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between food production animals, humans and the environment with respect to the transmission of drug-resistant pathogens is widely debated and poorly understood. Pandemic uropathogenic Escherichia coli ST131-H30Rx, with conserved fluoroquinolone and cephalosporin resistance, are not frequently identified in animals. However, the phylogenetic precursor lineage ST131-H22 in animals and associated meat products is being reported with increasing frequency. Here we characterized two highly related ST131-H22 strains, one from a healthy pig and the other from a human infection (in 2007 and 2009, respectively). We used both long and short genome sequencing and compared them to ST131-H22 genome sequences available in public repositories. Even within the context of H22 strains, the two strains in question were highly related, separated by only 20 core SNPs. Furthermore, they were closely related to a faecal strain isolated in 2010 from a geographically distinct, healthy human in New South Wales, Australia. The porcine and hospital strains carried highly similar HI2-ST3 multidrug resistant plasmids with differences in the hospital strain arising due to IS-mediated insertions and rearrangements. Near identical ColV plasmids were also present in both strains, further supporting their shared evolutionary history. This work highlights the importance of adopting a One Health approach to genomic surveillance to gain insights into pathogen evolution and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Reid
- The i3 institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jessica McKinnon
- The i3 institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- The i3 institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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30
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Gao M, Lin Y, Shi GZ, Li HH, Yang ZB, Xu XX, Xian JR, Yang YX, Cheng Z. Bioaccumulation and health risk assessments of trace elements in housefly (Musca domestica L.) larvae fed with food wastes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 682:485-493. [PMID: 31128368 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to use food waste to culture housefly larvae, which serve as the major source of protein in fish feeds, to evaluate copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in the food chain. In addition, the potential health risk to humans of exposure to these metal elements via dietary intake of tilapia fed with housefly larvae feeds was also evaluated. The results showed the bioavailability of trace elements in dish waste to housefly larvae was lower than that in staple food waste. Trace element concentrations in housefly larvae fed with food waste met the animal feed standards in China and the European Union (EU). The highest concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, and Cd in residue did not exceed the limits specified for fertilizer in China, Canada, and Germany. The tilapia fed with dried housefly larvae presented a greater final weight and protein content than those fed with commercial feed and fresh housefly larvae (p<0.05). The Cu, Cr, and Cd concentrations in tilapia fed with commercial feed were higher than in those fed with commercial housefly larvae or dried housefly larvae (p<0.05). The highest bioaccumulation of Cu, Zn, and Ni was found in tilapia fed with fresh housefly larvae feed. The results of the health risk assessment showed that the tilapia fed with the housefly larvae feed pellets or fresh housefly larvae were safe for consumption from the perspective of trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Lin
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guang-Ze Shi
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han-Han Li
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhan-Biao Yang
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Xun Xu
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Ren Xian
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Xiang Yang
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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31
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Williams O, Clark I, Gomes RL, Perehinec T, Hobman JL, Stekel DJ, Hyde R, Dodds C, Lester E. Removal of copper from cattle footbath wastewater with layered double hydroxide adsorbents as a route to antimicrobial resistance mitigation on dairy farms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:1139-1149. [PMID: 30577107 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Copper and zinc are routinely used in livestock antimicrobial footbaths in commercial farming. The footbath mix is a cost to farmers, and the disposal of spent footbath into slurry tanks leads to soil contamination, as well as the potential for antimicrobial metal resistance and co-selection. This study assesses the potential to mitigate a source of antimicrobial metal resistance in slurry tanks while recovering copper and zinc from spent cattle footbaths. This is the first study in literature to investigate the potential of recovering copper from cattle footbath solutions via any method. The sorbent, Ca2Al-EDTA Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH), were used to remove Cu2+ from a Cu2SO4·5H20 solution at different temperatures. The maximum Cu2+ uptake from the Cu2SO4·5H20 solution was 568 ± 88 mg g-1. Faster and higher equilibrium uptake was achieved by increasing the temperature of the solution. The sorbent was found to be effective in removing copper and zinc from a commercially available cattle footbath solution (filtered footbath solution Cu2+ uptake 283 ± 11.05 mg g-1, Zn2+ uptake 60 ± 0.05 mg g-1). Thus, this study demonstrates the opportunity for a completely novel and potentially economically beneficial method of mitigating antimicrobial resistance in agriculture and the environment, while also providing a new valuable copper and zinc waste stream for secondary metal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla Williams
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ian Clark
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Rachel L Gomes
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Tania Perehinec
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jon L Hobman
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Dov J Stekel
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Robert Hyde
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Chris Dodds
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Edward Lester
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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32
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Cho JH, Liu SD, Yun W, Kim KS, Kim IH. Effect of supplemented microencapsulated zinc oxide and organic acids and pure botanicals on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, feces microflora, and zinc level of feces in weanling pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2017-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A total of 125 crossbred pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of 7.66 ± 1.30 kg were randomly distributed into one of five dietary treatments. Each treatment had five replicate pens with five pigs per pen. Treatments were as followed: (1) CON, control diet; (2) zinc oxide (ZO), CON + 0.3% ZO; (3) ZOM, CON + 0.3% ZO + 0.1% microencapsulated organic acids and pure botanicals (MOP); (4) microencapsulated zinc oxide (MZO), CON + 0.03% MZO; and (5) MZOM, CON + 0.03% MZO + 0.1% MOP. The MZO group had higher (P = 0.03) final BW than ZO group and also had higher (P = 0.04, 0.01) average daily gain and gain/feed ratio compared with ZO group during days 15–34 and throughout the experimental period. The MZO and MZOM had higher (P < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM) and energy than ZO. Less (P < 0.05) feces Escherichia coli shedding was observed in the ZOM and MZOM diets compared with CON; the MZO had lowered (P = 0.001) zinc level in feces than ZO and CON. In conclusion, results indicated that supplementation with 0.3% MZO could improve the growth performance and ATTD of DM; inclusion of 0.1% MOP could decrease feces E. coli shedding and also decrease the zinc level in feces in weanling pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ho Cho
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, No. 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Shu Dong Liu
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, No. 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Yun
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, No. 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Kim
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500, Kongjwipatjwiro, lseomyeon, Wanjugun, Jeollabukdo 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
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Zhang F, Zheng W, Xue Y, Yao W. Suhuai suckling piglet hindgut microbiome-metabolome responses to different dietary copper levels. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:853-868. [PMID: 30535578 PMCID: PMC6373200 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Unabsorbed copper accumulates in the hindgut of pigs that consume high levels of dietary copper, which enhances the coselection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and is considered detrimental to the environment and to porcine health. In our study, a combination of 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and nontargeted metabolomics was used to investigate the microbiome-metabolome responses to dietary copper levels in the hindgut of suckling piglets. The results showed that the dietary copper level affected the abundance of several Clostridia genera and that the relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Coprococcus, Roseburia, and Acidaminococcus, was reduced in the 300 mg kg−1 (high) Cu group. Metabolomic analysis revealed that dietary copper levels affected protein and carbohydrate metabolites, protein biosynthesis, the urea cycle, galactose metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and amino acid metabolism (including the metabolism of arginine, proline, β-alanine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and methionine). Furthermore, Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the abundance levels of Coprococcus (family Lachnospiraceae) and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) 18 (family Ruminococcaceae) were positively correlated with energy metabolism pathways (gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, and the pentose phosphate pathway). The abundance of Streptococcus was negatively correlated with amino acid metabolism pathways (protein biosynthesis, glycine, serine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine metabolism), and OTU583 and OTU1067 (family Rikenellaceae) were positively correlated with amino acid metabolism pathways. These results suggest that the copper levels consumed by LC (low-copper group) versus HC (high-copper group) animals alter the composition of the gut microbiota and modulate microbial metabolic pathways, which may further affect the health of suckling piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weijiang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqiang Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. .,Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.
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Zhang JY, Kim YM, Kim IH. Effects of dietary supplemental phytoncide instead of zinc oxide on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and faecal microflora in growing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:269-275. [PMID: 30474163 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of phytoncide (PTC) instead of zinc oxide on growth performance, blood profile, nutrient digestibility and faecal microflora in growing pigs. A total of 120 growing pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with initial body weight 24.48 ± 1.62 kg were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments for a 6 weeks feeding trials, the treatments as follow: CON (base diet),ZO (CON + 0.03% Zinc Oxide), PTC1 (CON + 0.5% PTC), PTC2 (CON + 1.0% PTC). Compared to basal diet, during weeks 1-3, 3-6, and overall experimental period, the ADG of growing pigs fed phytoncide diet trend to be increased, and fed ZO diet was significantly increased (p < 0.05). During weeks 3-6 and overall experiment period, pigs fed the ZO diet showed improvement in feed intake compared to pigs fed basal diet as a trend. Compared with basal diet, the pigs receiving phytoncide diet significantly increased the digestibility of DM and reduced the concentration of aspartate transaminase in pigs receiving 1.0% phytoncide diet. These results suggested that dietary supplement of phytoncide, Korean pine extract, could be used as an alternative to zinc oxide by decreasing detoxify to soil and plants without influencing the performance of growing pigs. Further study is needed to determine the systemic estimation of the dose of phytoncide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ying Zhang
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
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35
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Lei XJ, Kim IH. Low dose of coated zinc oxide is as effective as pharmacological zinc oxide in promoting growth performance, reducing fecal scores, and improving nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphology in weaned pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Jiao LF, Zhang QH, Wu H, Wang CC, Cao ST, Feng J, Hu CH. Influences of Copper/Zinc-Loaded Montmorillonite on Growth Performance, Mineral Retention, Intestinal Morphology, Mucosa Antioxidant Capacity, and Cytokine Contents in Weaned Piglets. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 185:356-363. [PMID: 29468611 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of copper/zinc-loaded montmorillonite (Cu/Zn-Mt) on growth performance, mineral retention, intestinal morphology, mucosa antioxidant capacity, and cytokine contents in weaned piglets were investigated in the present study. One hundred eight piglets weaned at 21 ± 1 days of age (Duroc × Landrace× Yorkshire; average initial weight of 6.36 kg) were allotted to three treatments for 2 weeks. The three treatments were as follows: (1) control group: basal diet; (2) Cu/Zn-Mt group: basal diet + 39 mg/kg Cu and 75 mg/kg Zn as Cu/Zn-Mt; (3) Cu + Zn + Mt group: basal diet + mixture of CuSO4, ZnSO4, and Mt (equal amount of Cu, Zn, and Mt to the Cu/Zn-Mt group). Each treatment had six pens of six piglets. The results showed that as compared with the control group and the Cu + Zn + Mt group, Cu/Zn-Mt supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the average daily gain and the gain/feed ratio; Cu/Zn-Mt supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the Cu and Zn concentrations in serum, jejunum, and ileum mucosa, villus height, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth, and the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and IL-10 levels, and decreased the malondialdehyde concentrations in the jejunum and ileum, and intestinal IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. Moreover, supplementation with the mixture of CuSO4, ZnSO4, and Mt had no effect on the growth performance, but increased the mucosa Cu and Zn concentrations, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity, and immune function in the duodenum, while it had no effect on the above indexes in the jejunum and ileum. The results indicated that Mt could be used as a controlled carrier for Cu and Zn, which made Cu/Zn-Mt have better biological activities in the intestine than the mixture of Cu, Zn, and Mt.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Jiao
- Animal Science College, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Q H Zhang
- Animal Science College, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - H Wu
- Animal Science College, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - C C Wang
- Animal Science College, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - S T Cao
- Animal Science College, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - J Feng
- Animal Science College, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - C H Hu
- Animal Science College, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Wang C, Zhang L, Ying Z, He J, Zhou L, Zhang L, Zhong X, Wang T. Effects of Dietary Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth, Diarrhea, Mineral Deposition, Intestinal Morphology, and Barrier of Weaned Piglets. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 185:364-374. [PMID: 29468613 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate effects of dietary zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnOs) on growth, diarrhea rate, mineral deposition (Zn, Fe, and Mn), intestinal morphology, and barrier of weaned piglets. A total of 384 weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) in 4 groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 400, and 800 mg/kg nano-ZnOs or 3000 mg/kg ZnO for 14 days. Compared with the control group, 800 mg/kg nano-ZnOs and 3000 mg/kg ZnO significantly increased average daily gain and decreased diarrhea rate of weaned piglets. There was no significant difference among ZnO and nano-ZnO groups. ZnO and nano-ZnOs did not affect serum activities of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase. However, ZnO and 800 mg/kg nano-ZnOs significantly increased zinc concentrations in plasma, liver, pancreas, and tibia, without affecting Fe and Mn concentrations. Compared with the control group, 800 mg/kg nano-ZnOs significantly reduced plasma diamine oxidase activity, decreased total aerobic bacterial population in mesenteric lymph node, enhanced mRNA expressions of occludin, ZO-1, IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, and ki67 in ileal mucosa, and increased villous height, width, crypt depth, and surface area. Compared to ZnO group, 800 mg/kg nano-ZnOs significantly decreased aerobic bacterial population, enhanced mRNA expressions of occludin, IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α, and reduced fecal zinc concentration. These results indicated that 800 mg/kg nano-ZnOs might be a potential substitute for 3000 mg/kg ZnO in diets of weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ligen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixiong Ying
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jintian He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Reuse and Recycling of Livestock and Municipal Wastewater in Chilean Agriculture: A Preliminary Assessment. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10060817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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39
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da Rosa Couto R, Faversani J, Ceretta CA, Ferreira PAA, Marchezan C, Basso Facco D, Garlet LP, Silva JS, Comin JJ, Bizzi CA, Flores EMM, Brunetto G. Health risk assessment and soil and plant heavy metal and bromine contents in field plots after ten years of organic and mineral fertilization. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 153:142-150. [PMID: 29425845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals and bromine (Br) derived from organic and industrialized fertilizers can be absorbed, transported and accumulated into parts of plants ingested by humans. This study aimed to evaluate in an experiment conducted under no-tillage for 10 years, totaling 14 applications of pig slurry manure (PS), pig deep-litter (PL), dairy slurry (DS) and mineral fertilizer (MF), the heavy metal and Br contents in soil and in whether the grains produced by corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under these conditions could result in risk to human health. The total contents of As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Br were analyzed in samples of fertilizers, waste, soil, shoots and grains of corn and wheat. Afterwards, enrichment factor (EF), accumulation factor (AF), health risk index (HRI), target hazard quotient (THQ) and target cancer risk (TCR) were determined. Mineral fertilizer exhibited the highest As and Cr content, while the highest levels of Cu and Zn were found in animal waste. The contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in soil were below the limits established by environmental regulatory agencies. However, a significant enrichment factor was found for Cu in soil with a history of PL application. Furthermore, high Zn contents were found in shoots and grains of corn and wheat, especially when the plants were grown in soil with organic waste application. Applications of organic waste and mineral fertilizer provided high HRI and THQ for Br and Zn, posing risks to human health. The intake of corn and wheat fertilized with pig slurry manure, swine deep bed, liquid cattle manure and industrialized mineral fertilizer did not present TCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael da Rosa Couto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Faversani
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Roraima (IFRR), Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto Ceretta
- Departamento de Solos e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil.
| | | | - Carina Marchezan
- Departamento de Solos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil.
| | - Daniela Basso Facco
- Departamento de Solos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil.
| | - Luana Paula Garlet
- Departamento de Solos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil.
| | - Jussiane Souza Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil.
| | - Jucinei José Comin
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, Brazil.
| | - Cezar Augusto Bizzi
- Departamento de Química e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil.
| | - Erico Marlon Moraes Flores
- Departamento de Química e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Brunetto
- Departamento de Solos e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil.
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Sonne AT, McKnight US, Rønde V, Bjerg PL. Assessing the chemical contamination dynamics in a mixed land use stream system. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 125:141-151. [PMID: 28843938 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the monitoring of streams for chemical and ecological status has been limited to surface water concentrations, where the dominant focus has been on general water quality and the risk for eutrophication. Mixed land use stream systems, comprising urban areas and agricultural production, are challenging to assess with multiple chemical stressors impacting stream corridors. New approaches are urgently needed for identifying relevant sources, pathways and potential impacts for implementation of suitable source management and remedial measures. We developed a method for risk assessing chemical stressors in these systems and applied the approach to a 16-km groundwater-fed stream corridor (Grindsted, Denmark). Three methods were combined: (i) in-stream contaminant mass discharge for source quantification, (ii) Toxic Units and (iii) environmental standards. An evaluation of the chemical quality of all three stream compartments - stream water, hyporheic zone, streambed sediment - made it possible to link chemical stressors to their respective sources and obtain new knowledge about source composition and origin. Moreover, toxic unit estimation and comparison to environmental standards revealed the stream water quality was substantially impaired by both geogenic and diffuse anthropogenic sources of metals along the entire corridor, while the streambed was less impacted. Quantification of the contaminant mass discharge originating from a former pharmaceutical factory revealed that several 100 kgs of chlorinated ethenes and pharmaceutical compounds discharge into the stream every year. The strongly reduced redox conditions in the plume result in high concentrations of dissolved iron and additionally release arsenic, generating the complex contaminant mixture found in the narrow discharge zone. The fingerprint of the plume was observed in the stream several km downgradient, while nutrients, inorganics and pesticides played a minor role for the stream health. The results emphasize that future investigations should include multiple compounds and stream compartments, and highlight the need for holistic approaches when risk assessing these dynamic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Th Sonne
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Ursula S McKnight
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Vinni Rønde
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Poul L Bjerg
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Shaeffer G, Lloyd K, Spears J. Bioavailability of zinc hydroxychloride relative to zinc sulfate in growing cattle fed a corn-cottonseed hull-based diet. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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Jiao L, Wang CC, Wu H, Gong R, Lin FH, Feng J, Hu C. Copper/zinc-loaded montmorillonite influences intestinal integrity, the expression of genes associated with inflammation, TLR4-MyD88 and TGF-β1 signaling pathways in weaned pigs after LPS challenge. Innate Immun 2017; 23:648-655. [PMID: 28958208 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917733033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating whether dietary copper/zinc-loaded montmorillonite (Cu/Zn-Mt) could alleviate Escherichia coli LPS-induced intestinal injury through pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways (TLRs, NLRs and TGF-β1) in weaned piglets. Eighteen 21-d-old pigs were randomly divided into three groups (control, LPS and LPS + Cu/Zn-Mt). After 21 d of feeding, pigs in the LPS group and LPS + Cu/Zn-Mt group received i.p. administration of LPS, whereas pigs in the control group received saline. At 4 h post-injection, jejunum samples were collected for analysis. The results indicated that, compared with the LPS group, supplemental Cu/Zn-Mt increased transepithelial electrical resistance, the expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β1) in mRNA and protein levels, and decreased FD4 and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β). The pro-inflammatory signaling pathways results demonstrated that Cu/Zn-Mt supplementation decreased the mRNA levels of TLR4 and its downstream signals (MyD88, IRAK1, TRAF6) but had no effect on NOD1 and NOD2 signals. Cu/Zn-Mt supplementation did not affect NF-κB p65 mRNA abundance, but down-regulated its protein expression. The anti-inflammatory signaling pathways results showed supplemental Cu/Zn-Mt also increased TβRII, Smad4 and Smad7 mRNA expressions. These findings suggested dietary Cu/Zn-Mt attenuated LPS-induced intestinal injury by alleviating intestinal inflammation, influencing TLR4-MyD88 and TGF-β1 signaling pathways in weaned pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lefei Jiao
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chun Chun Wang
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rong Gong
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fang Hui Lin
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Caihong Hu
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Zhang F, Zheng W, Guo R, Yao W. Effect of dietary copper level on the gut microbiota and its correlation with serum inflammatory cytokines in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Microbiol 2017; 55:694-702. [PMID: 28865069 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-017-6627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In China's swine industry, copper is generally supplemented above the National Research Council (NRC) requirement (2012) because of its antimicrobial properties and the potential for growth promotion. Yet few are concerned about whether this excess supplementation is necessary. In this study, the 16S rRNA pyrosequencing was designed and used to investigate the effect of dietary copper level on the diversity of the fecal microbial community and the correlation of copper level with the serum level of inflammatory cytokines in Sprague-Dawley rat models. The results showed that the diet containing a high level of Cu (120 and 240 mg/kg) changed the microbial richness and diversity of rat feces associated with the increased copper content in the rat ileac and colonic digesta. Furthermore, a Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that an accumulation of unabsorbed copper in the chyme was correlated with the microbial composition of the rat feces, which was linked with TNF-α in serum. The results suggest that dietary copper level may have a direct impact on circulating inflammatory cytokines in the serum, perhaps inducing an inflammatory response by altering the microbial composition of rat feces. Serum TNF-α could be the chief responder to excessive copper exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Weijiang Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Rong Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wen Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China. .,Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, P. R. China.
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44
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Wang C, Zhang L, Su W, Ying Z, He J, Zhang L, Zhong X, Wang T. Zinc oxide nanoparticles as a substitute for zinc oxide or colistin sulfate: Effects on growth, serum enzymes, zinc deposition, intestinal morphology and epithelial barrier in weaned piglets. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181136. [PMID: 28704517 PMCID: PMC5509312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnOs) as a substitute for colistin sulfate (CS) and/or zinc oxide (ZnO) on growth performance, serum enzymes, zinc deposition, intestinal morphology and epithelial barrier in weaned piglets. A total of 216 crossbred Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire) piglets weaned at 23 days were randomly assigned into 3 groups, which were fed with basal diets supplemented with 20 mg/kg CS (CS group), 20mg/kg CS+3000 mg/kg ZnO (CS+ZnO group), and 1200 mg/kg nano-ZnOs (nano-ZnO group) for 14 days. Results indicated that compared to CS group, supplementation of 1200 mg/kg nano-ZnOs (about 30 nm) significantly increased final body weight and average daily gain, and 3000 mg/kg ZnO plus colistin sulfate significantly increased average daily gain and decreased diarrhea rate in weaned piglets. There was no significant difference in growth performance and diarrhea rate between nano-ZnO and CS+ZnO groups. Supplementation of nano-ZnOs did not affect serum enzymes (glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase), but significantly increased plasma and tissue zinc concentrations (liver, tibia), improved intestinal morphology (increased duodenal and ileal villus length, crypt depth, and villus surface), enhanced mRNA expression of ZO-1 in ileal mucosa, and significantly decreased diamine oxidase activity in plasma, total aerobic bacterial population in MLN as compared to CS group. Effects of nano-ZnOs on serum enzymes, intestinal morphology, and mRNA expressions of tight junction were similar to those of high dietary ZnO plus colistin sulfate, while nano-ZnOs significantly reduced zinc concentrations of liver, tibia, and feces, and decreased total aerobic bacterial population in MLN as compared to CS+ZnO group. These results suggested that nano-ZnOs (1200 mg/kg) might be used as a substitute for colistin sulfate and high dietary ZnO in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ligen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weipeng Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong Ying
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jintian He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Liao P, Li M, Li Y, Tan X, Zhao F, Shu X, Yin Y. Effects of dietary supplementation with cupreous N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) chelate and copper sulfate on growth performance, serum biochemical profile and immune response, tissue mineral levels and fecal excretion of mineral in weaning piglets. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1339668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunhu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangwen Tan
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Furen Zhao
- The Third High School of Shaodong, Shaodong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xugang Shu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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Oropeza-Moe M, Grøntvedt CA, Phythian CJ, Sørum H, Fauske AK, Framstad T. Zinc oxide enriched peat influence Escherichia coli infection related diarrhea, growth rates, serum and tissue zinc levels in Norwegian piglets around weaning: five case herd trials. Porcine Health Manag 2017; 3:14. [PMID: 28680702 PMCID: PMC5488422 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-017-0060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zinc oxide (ZnO), commonly used to control post-weaning diarrhea in piglets, has been highlighted as of potential concern from an environmental perspective. The aim of this field trial was to examine effects of different sources and levels of ZnO added to peat on average daily weight gain (ADG), fecal score in pens and serum and tissue zinc (Zn) levels around time of weaning in order to reduce the environmental impact without loss of the beneficial effect of ZnO on intestinal health and growth. Five case herds with enterotoxic colibacillosis challenges were included. The piglets entered the study aged three or five weeks. All piglets received a commercial diet containing <150 mg Zn/ per kg of complete feed. Four treatment groups received commercial peat added A: uncoated ZnO, B: lipid microencapsulated ZnO, C: solely commercial peat or D: no peat (Farms 2 and 3). Results At Farms 1, 2 and 3, a significant effect of treatment was identified for fecal score (P < 0.05). Treatment A led to lower fecal scores compared to treatments C (P < 0.05) and D (P < 0.01). At Farms 2 and 3, there was a significant difference in individual average daily weight gain (iADG) between treatment A and D (P < 0.05). The iADG of piglets receiving treatment B did not differ significantly from treatment A. Conclusions In 2016, The European Medicines Agency’s Committee on Veterinary Medicinal Products concluded that the benefits of ZnO for the prevention of diarrhea in pigs do not outweigh the risks to the environment. Effective alternative measures to reduce the accumulation of Zn in the environment have not been identified. Our results imply that peat added low concentration of both coated and uncoated ZnO influences the gut health of weaned piglets reflected by enhanced weight gain and reduced occurrence of diarrhea. This preventive approach certainly represents a favourable alternative in the “One Health” perspective. It will also contribute to reduced antibiotic use in pig farming while diminishing the environmental consequences caused by ZnO.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oropeza-Moe
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Sandnes, Sandnes, Norway
| | | | - C J Phythian
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Sandnes, Sandnes, Norway
| | - H Sørum
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - A K Fauske
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Framstad
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Adamstuen, Adamstuen, Norway
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Ricci A, Massaccesi L, Pezzolla D, Corti G, Agnelli A, Gigliotti G. Multi-approach characterization of organic sediment produced by an anaerobic digestion plant fed with pig slurry and stored for a long term in a lagoon. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 330:29-35. [PMID: 28208090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study combined different approaches to characterize organic sediments produced by an anaerobic digestion plant feed with pig slurry, and accumulated for many years in a lagoon. The results of all analyses identified a certain homogeneity of the sediments. As a consequence of the pig diet, the sediment contained an high concentration of Zn (about 4gkg-1) and Cu (about 1.2gkg-1), which were mostly associated to the particles with a size ranging from 2 to 53μm. The sediment was made of large amount of organic matter, mostly cellulose and recalcitrant molecules, and 30-40% mineral fraction. XANES and XES spectroscopies indicated the presence of zinc phosphate (38%), zinc sulfide (32%), zinc carbonate (19%), and zinc oxide (11%). The presence in the sediment of forms characterized by a very scarce solubility, as also confirmed by the Zn and Cu chemical speciation, indicated a low bioavailability of these metals. However, although their low mobility, the high concentrations of Zn and Cu allowed to consider the sediment not suitable to use as a fertiliser due to the potential risk of metal interaction with the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ricci
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06124, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Luisa Massaccesi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06124, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Daniela Pezzolla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06124, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Corti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Alberto Agnelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06124, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Gigliotti
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06124, Perugia, Italy.
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Jiao L, Lin F, Cao S, Wang C, Wu H, Shu M, Hu C. Preparation, characterization, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity studies of copper/zinc- loaded montmorillonite. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:27. [PMID: 28331609 PMCID: PMC5359826 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A series of modified montmorillonites (Mt) including zinc-loaded Mt (Zn-Mt), copper-loaded Mt (Cu-Mt), copper/zinc-loaded Mt with different Cu/Zn ratio (Cu/Zn-Mt-1, Cu/Zn-Mt-2, Cu/Zn-Mt-3) were prepared by an ion-exchange reaction, and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The specific surface areas, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of the modified Mt were investigated. Results In the modified Mt, hydrated Cu ions and Zn ions were exchanged in the interlayer space of Mt and the particles were irregular shapes. The results showed that Cu/Zn-Mt enhanced antibacterial and antifungal activity compared with Zn-Mt and Cu-Mt possibly due to the synergistic effect between Cu and Zn. Among the Cu/Zn-Mt with different Cu/Zn raitos, Cu/Zn-Mt with a Cu/Zn ratio of 0.98 or 0.51 showed higher antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), fungi (Candida albicans). Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of Cu/Zn-Mt was correlated with its specific surface area. Cytotoxicity studies on IPEC-J2 cell showed a slight cytotoxicity of Cu/Zn-Mt. Conclusions The current data provide clear evidence that in terms of its antimicrobial activity and relatively low toxicity, the Cu/Zn-Mt holds great promise for applications in animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lefei Jiao
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Fanghui Lin
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Cao
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Chunchun Wang
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Wu
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Miaoan Shu
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Caihong Hu
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
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Formentini TA, Legros S, Fernandes CVS, Pinheiro A, Le Bars M, Levard C, Mallmann FJK, da Veiga M, Doelsch E. Radical change of Zn speciation in pig slurry amended soil: Key role of nano-sized sulfide particles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 222:495-503. [PMID: 28063709 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Spreading livestock manure as fertilizer on farmlands is a widespread practice. It represents the major source of heavy metal(loid)s (HM) input in agricultural soils. Since zinc (Zn) is present at high concentrations in manure, it poses special environmental concerns related to phytotoxicity, groundwater contamination, and introduction in the food chain. Therefore, investigations on the fate and behavior of manure-borne Zn, when it enters the soil environment, are necessary to predict the environmental effects. Nevertheless, long-term field studies assessing Zn speciation in the organic waste matrix, as well as within the soil after manure application, are lacking. This study was designed to fill this gap. Using SEM-EDS and XAS analysis, we reported the following new results: (i) ZnS made up 100% of the Zn speciation in the pig slurry (the highest proportion of ZnS ever observed in organic waste); and (ii) ZnS aggregates were about 1-μm diameter (the smallest particle size ever reported in pig slurry). Moreover, the pig slurry containing ZnS was spread on the soil over an 11-year period, totaling 22 applications, and the resulting Zn speciation within the amended soil was analyzed. Surprisingly, ZnS, i.e. the only species responsible for a nearly 2-fold increase in the Zn concentration within the amended soil, was not detected in this soil. Based on SEM-EDS and XAS observations, we put forward the hypothesis that Zn in the pig slurry consisted of nano-sized ZnS crystallites that further aggregated. The low stability of ZnS nanoparticles within oxic and complex environments such as the studied soil was the key explanation for the radical change in pig slurry-borne Zn speciation after long-term amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Augusto Formentini
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Samuel Legros
- CIRAD, UPR Recyclage et risque, 18524 Dakar, Senegal; CIRAD, UPR Recyclage et risque, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Adilson Pinheiro
- Environmental Engineering Program, Regional University of Blumenau (FURB), 89030-000 Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Maureen Le Bars
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Clément Levard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
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Metal stressors consistently modulate bacterial conjugal plasmid uptake potential in a phylogenetically conserved manner. ISME JOURNAL 2016; 11:152-165. [PMID: 27482924 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The environmental stimulants and inhibitors of conjugal plasmid transfer in microbial communities are poorly understood. Specifically, it is not known whether exposure to stressors may cause a community to alter its plasmid uptake ability. We assessed whether metals (Cu, Cd, Ni, Zn) and one metalloid (As), at concentrations causing partial growth inhibition, modulate community permissiveness (that is, uptake ability) against a broad-host-range IncP-type plasmid (pKJK5). Cells were extracted from an agricultural soil as recipient community and a cultivation-minimal filter mating assay was conducted with an exogenous E. coli donor strain. The donor hosted a gfp-tagged pKJK5 derivative from which conjugation events could be microscopically quantified and transconjugants isolated and phylogenetically described at high resolution via FACS and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Metal stress consistently decreased plasmid transfer frequencies to the community, while the transconjugal pool richness remained unaffected with OTUs belonging to 12 bacterial phyla. The taxonomic composition of the transconjugal pools was distinct from their respective recipient communities and clustered dependent on the stress type and dose. However, for certain OTUs, stress increased or decreased permissiveness by more than 1000-fold and this response was typically correlated across different metals and doses. The response to some stresses was, in addition, phylogenetically conserved. This is the first demonstration that community permissiveness is sensitive to metal(loid) stress in a manner that is both partially consistent across stressors and phylogenetically conserved.
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